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Objectives: To discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food and nutrition security (FNS) of populations, showing the challenges faced and the emerging tactics of countries to prevent the expansion of food insecurity during and after this social and health crisis. Methodology: Narrative review carried out through a bibliographic search of articles in Portuguese and English, available in PubMed, Scielo, Embase and Lilacs databases. Articles published without publication deadline and which were available in full were included. The descriptors used were: “Food and nutrition security”, “Food insecurity”, “Pandemic” and “COVID-19”. Results: Procedures to control COVID-19 outbreaks affected food supply chains. In addition, high levels of unemployment, loss of income and rising food costs also hampered access to food, especially for the most socially vulnerable population. The processes of availability and access to food during the pandemic have had a direct impact on the population's food choice, preparation and consumption. Consequently, government measures should help to promote FNS among populations, through the creation or expansion of social protection programs, distribution and improvement in access to food, protection of jobs and livelihoods, and support for small local producers. Conclusion: The actions promoted by governments must guarantee the FNS of populations, ensuring access to adequate and healthy food and aiming to reduce the negative impacts promoted by SARS-CoV-2 on the condition of food, health and nutrition of the population, especially the most vulnerable. Objetivo: discutir el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (SAN) de las poblaciones, dando a conocer los desafíos enfrentados y las estrategias emergentes de los países para prevenir la expansión de la inseguridad alimentaria durante y después de esta crisis social y sanitaria. Metodología: revisión narrativa realizada a través de una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos en portugués e inglés, disponibles en la base de datos PubMed, Scielo, Embase e Lilacs. Fueron incluidos artículos publicados sin fecha límite de publicación y que además estaban disponibles en su totalidad. Los descriptores utilizados fueron: “Seguridad alimentaria y nutricional”, “Inseguridad alimentaria”, “Pandemia” y “COVID-19”. Resultados: Las medidas para controlar los brotes de COVID-19 afectaron las cadenas de suministros de alimentos. Además, los altos niveles de desempleo, la perdida de ingresos y el aumento de los costos de alimentos también obstaculizaron el acceso a los alimentos, especialmente, para la población más vulnerable socialmente. Los procesos de disponibilidad y acceso a los alimentos durante la pandemia han tenido un impacto directo en la elección, preparación y consumo de alimentos de la población. De tal manera, las medidas gubernamentales deben ayudar a promover la SAN entre las poblaciones, a través de la creación o expansión de programas de protección social, la distribución y mejora del acceso a los alimentos, la protección del empleo y los medios de subsistencia, y el apoyo a los pequeños productores locales. Conclusión: Las acciones impulsadas por los gobiernos deben garantizar la SAN de las poblaciones, asegurando el acceso a una alimentación adecuada y saludable, con el objetivo de reducir los impactos negativos promovidos por el SARS-CoV-2 sobre la condición de alimentación, salud y nutrición de la población, especialmente la más vulnerable. Objetivo: discutir sobre o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 na segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN) das populações, mostrando os desafios enfrentados e quais as estratégias emergentes dos países para impedir a expansão da insegurança alimentar durante e após essa crise social e sanitária. Metodologia: revisão narrativa realizada através de uma busca bibliográfica de artigos em português e inglês, disponíveis nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Embase e Lilacs. Foram incluídos artigos publicados sem data limite de publicação e os quais se encontravam disponíveis na íntegra. Os descritores utilizados foram: “Segurança alimentar e nutricional”, “Insegurança alimentar”, “Pandemia” e “COVID-19”. Resultados: medidas para controlar os surtos da COVID-19 afetaram as cadeias de abastecimento de alimentos. Além disso, altos níveis de desemprego, perda de renda e aumento dos custos dos alimentos também dificultaram o acesso aos alimentos, principalmente, para a população mais vulnerável socialmente. Os processos de disponibilidade e acesso aos alimentos durante a pandemia têm impactado diretamente na escolha, preparo e consumo alimentar da população. Desta forma, medidas governamentais devem ajudar a promover a SAN das populações, por meio da criação ou expansão dos programas de proteção social, distribuição e melhoria no acesso aos alimentos, proteção de empregos e meios de subsistência e apoio aos pequenos produtores locais. Conclusão: As ações promovidas pelos governos devem garantir a SAN das populações, assegurando o acesso à alimentação adequada e saudável e objetivando a redução de impactos negativos promovidos pelo SARS-CoV-2 na condição da alimentação, saúde e nutrição da população, principalmente dos mais vulneráveis.

RESUMO Objetivos: Determinar a concentração de alfa-tocoferol no leite materno em diferentes períodos de lactação e estimar o provável fornecimento de vitamina E ao lactente. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal observacional realizado com 100 puérperas atendidas para o parto no Hospital Universitário Ana Bezerra (HUAB) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), em Santa Cruz (RN). Foram coletados leite colostro (n=100), leite de transição (n=77) e leite maduro (n=63) no seguimento da lactação. O alfa-tocoferol foi analisado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. O fornecimento de vitamina E para o neonato foi estimado comparando-se o requerimento nutricional de vitamina E (4 mg/dia) com a ingestão diária de leite. Resultados: A concentração média de alfa-tocoferol encontrada nos leites colostro, de transição e maduro foi 40,5±15,0 µmol/L, 13,9±5,2 µmol/L e 8,0±3,8 µmol/L, respectivamente (p

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico The mothers supplementation of vitamin A in the postpartum comes being a measure of intervention sufficiently used in the combat to the vitamin deficiency. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the mother megadose of vitamin A under the levels of retinol in colostrum of postpartum mothers receiving care at the Januário Cicco Maternity School (MEJC), Natal, RN, as well as analyzing the influence of the maternal nutritional status in the reply to this supplementation. The study it was transversal type, with participation of 91 women in labor divided in group had participated of the study have controlled (44 women) and supplemented group (47 women). In the period of the morning blood and milk had been collected (milk 0h). After that a capsule of retinil palmitate of (200 000 UI or 60 mg) was supplied to the supplemented group. Another aliquot of colostro was after gotten 24h of the first collection (milk 24h). Retinol in milk and serum was quantified through the High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. The vitamin ingestion was evaluated by the questionnaire of frequency of alimentary consumption. The levels of serum retinol were 40.6 ± 10.6 and 35.9 ± 10.9 µg/dL in the groups controlled and supplemented, respectively. The women had presented a satisfactory average ingestion of vitamin (1492,4 µgRAE/dia), however with high prevalence of inadequate consumption (23%). Average values of retinol in milk 0h had been found and 24h of 93.5 ± 50.3 µg/dL and 99.1 ± 49.3 µg/dL has the group controlled group, respectively (p>0.05). After the supplementation had a significant increase in the levels of retinol of the supplemented group, being found values of 102.0 ± 56.0 µg/dL and 196.1 ± 74.0 µg/dL for milk 0h and 24h, respectively (p0,05) respectivamente. Após a suplementação houve um aumento significativo nos níveis de retinol do grupo suplementado, sendo encontrado valores de 102,0 ± 56,0 µg/dL e 196,1 ± 74,0 µg/dL (p

Background and Aims: Changes in eating patterns have been leading to an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), negatively impacting the quality of the diet and generating risk of harm to the health of the adult population, however, there is no systematized evidence of the impact of UPF in maternal-child health. Thus, in this study we aimed to evaluated the association between UPF consumption and health outcomes in the maternal-child population., Methods: Systematic review registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021236633), conducted according to the PRISMA diagram in the following databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, and CAPES thesis and dissertation directory. We included original cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies in any language. Eligibility criteria were (a) food consumption assessment by the NOVA classification, (b) health outcome (nutritional or diseases), and (c) maternal-child population (pregnant, lactating women and infants/children). All data were analyzed and extracted to a spreadsheet structured by two independent reviewers. We evaluated the methodological quality of the studies included using the Newcastle-Otawa Scale and RoB 2., Results: Searches retrieved 7,801 studies and 15 contemplated the eligibility criteria. Most studies included were cohort studies ( n = 8, 53%), had children as their population ( n = 9, 60%) and only one study evaluated UPF consumption in infants and lactating women. Panoramically, we observed that a higher participation of UPF in children's diet has been associated with different maternal-child outcomes, such as increase of weight gain, adiposity measures, overweight, early weaning, lower diet quality, metabolic alterations, diseases, and consumption of plastic originated from packaging. Only one of the studies included did not present high methodological quality., Conclusion: Despite the limited literature on UPF consumption and health outcomes in the maternal-child population, the highest UPF consumption negatively impacted nutrition and disease development indicators in pregnant, lactating women and children. Considering the expressive participation of these foods in the diet, other studies should be conducted to further investigate the impact of UPF consumption on different health indicators, especially in the lactation phase for this was the one to present the most important knowledge gap., Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021236633], identifier [CRD42021236633]., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Oliveira, Sousa, Assunção, Araujo, Bezerra, Dametto and Ribeiro.)