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Preclinical testing of novel therapeutics for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) requires suitable animal models. Equids host homologs of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Because coinfections of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV occur in humans, we screened 2,917 specimens from equids from five continents for HBV. We discovered a distinct HBV species (Equid HBV, EqHBV) in 3.2% of donkeys and zebras by PCR and antibodies against EqHBV in 5.4% of donkeys and zebras. Molecular, histopathological, and biochemical analyses revealed that infection patterns of EqHBV resembled those of HBV in humans, including hepatotropism, moderate liver damage, evolutionary stasis, and potential horizontal virus transmission. Naturally infected donkeys showed chronic infections resembling CHB with high viral loads of up to 2.6 × 10(9) mean copies per milliliter serum for >6 mo and weak antibody responses. Antibodies against Equid HCV were codetected in 26.5% of donkeys seropositive for EqHBV, corroborating susceptibility to both hepatitis viruses. Deltavirus pseudotypes carrying EqHBV surface proteins were unable to infect human cells via the HBV receptor NTCP (Na(+)/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide), suggesting alternative viral entry mechanisms. Both HBV and EqHBV deltavirus pseudotypes infected primary horse hepatocytes in vitro, supporting a broad host range for EqHBV among equids and suggesting that horses might be suitable for EqHBV and HBV infections in vivo. Evolutionary analyses suggested that EqHBV originated in Africa several thousand years ago, commensurate with the domestication of donkeys. In sum, EqHBV naturally infects diverse equids and mimics HBV infection patterns. Equids provide a unique opportunity for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics for CHB and to investigate HBV/HCV interplay upon coinfection.

Introducci��n: actualmente existe un debate sobre si la ���Dependencia Emocional��� constituye un trastorno real, el aumento de las publicaciones sobre este tema en los ��ltimos a��os parece reflejar el inter��s por este problema. El objetivo de esta revisi��n es proporcionar una visi��n general completa de los estudios emp��ricos actuales sobre la dependencia emocional desde una perspectiva integradora. M��todo: se llev�� a cabo una revisi��n de la literatura para (i) identificar estudios emp��ricos que eval��en la dependencia emocional en mujeres (ii) revisar el concepto, su definici��n, identificaci��n y aspectos asociados y (iii) presentar, relacionar y discutir los resultados. Resultados: la revisi��n sistem��tica de la literatura identific�� 19 estudios relevantes. Los estudios incluidos utilizaron muestras cl��nicas y de poblaci��n general (menores, adolescentes y adultos) y se centraron en las caracter��sticas de las personas afectadas por el problema. Los trabajos se focalizaron en (1) la validaci��n de instrumentos de medida; y (2) estudios descriptivos o correlacionales. Discusi��n: es necesario un consenso con respecto a la definici��n y al diagn��stico de la dependencia emocional. Existe una necesidad de mayor consistencia y estandarizaci��n en esta ��rea. Es vital un esfuerzo internacional para comprender la psicopatolog��a del problema y desarrollar mejores pr��cticas en el tratamiento., Psicosom��tica y Psiquiatr��a, N��m. 5 (2018): abril-mayo-junio

Talk delivered in 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas, USA, 16-20 March 2020., In the continuous monitoring of the night sky over the Iberian Peninsula that is performing from 1999 [1] the Spanish Meteor Network (SPMN) operates about 200 cameras in 30 stations distributed around Spain. Three of the main goals of the SPMN network are obtaining scientific data, providing a rational explanation to bright fireball events, and recover new meteorites. We have a special program dealing with the impact hazard associated with large meteoroids, so gaining insight about the Taurid complex associated with comet 2P/Encke is particularly relevant [1, 2]. Current evidence supports that evolved comets can produce meter-sized meteoroids that are potential meteorite droppers with significant danger by shock waves like e.g. the Chelyabinsk event [3]. We should not forget that the Tunguska event could have been produced by a fragment of comet 2P/Encke [4]., Study supported by the Spanish grants PGC2018-097374-B-I00. EB and DA supported by the URL projects 2016-URL-Trac-001 supported by “Obra Social la Caixa” and 2016-URLIR-001 supported by “Generalitat de Catalunya”.

Internet Gaming Disorder is an increasingly prevalent disorder, which can have severe consequences in affected young people and in their families. There is an urgent need to improve existing treatment programs; these are currently hampered by the lack of research in this area. It is necessary to more carefully define the symptomatic, psychosocial and personality characterization of these patients and the interaction between treatment and relevant variables. The objectives of this study were three: (1) to analyze the symptomatic and personality profiles of young patients with Internet Gaming Disorder in comparison with healthy controls; (2) to analyze the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral treatment on reducing symptomatology; and (3) to compare the results of that treatment with or without the addition of a psychoeducational group offered to the parents. The final sample consisted of 30 patients consecutively admitted to a specialized mental health unit in Spain, and 30 healthy controls. The experimental group received individual cognitive-behavioral therapy. The experimental group was divided into two subgroups (N = 15), depending on the addition or not of a psychoeducational group for their parents (consecutively admitted). Scores on the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (MACI), the Symptom Checklist-Revised (SCL-90-R), the State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI), and other clinical and psychopathological measures were recorded. The patients were re-assessed post treatment (except for the MACI questionnaire). Compared with healthy controls, patients did not differ in symptomatology at baseline, but scored significantly higher in the personality scales: Introversive and Inhibited, and in the expressed concerns scales: Identity Confusion, Self-Devaluation, and Peer Insecurity and scored significantly lower in the Histrionic and Egotistic scale. In the experimental group, pre-post changes differed statistically on SCL-90-R scales Hostility, Psychoticism, and Global Severity Index and on the diagnostic criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder, regardless of the addition of a psychoeducational group for parents. Pre-post changes did not differ between experimental subgroups. However, the subgroup without psychoeducation for parents presented statistically higher drop-out rates during treatment. The results of this study are based on a sample of patients seeking treatment related to problems with online gaming, therefore, they may be of value for similar patients.