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Microplastic occurrence in the aquatic ecosystem has become of great concern worldwide because of its persistence, durability, and toxicity. Microplastics are found ubiquitous in freshwater environments, including rivers. Thus, our study assesses microplastic pollution in water, sediment, and fish of the Kahayan River, Indonesia. We first evaluated microplastics' occurrence, abundance, and characteristics in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The average abundance of microplastic in water was 2.92 ± 2.62 items/L, while in sediment was 6.93 ± 3.15 items/Kg dry weight. We found 53 out of 90 fish (58.89%) had microplastics in their digestive tracts with an average abundance of 2.03 ± 3.416 items/Ind. The predominant characteristics in water were fragment and fibre and size of 150-<300 µm. Microplastics present in the sediment and the digestive tract of fish have similar dominant fibre. In terms of size, sediments and fish were dominated by 150-<300 µm, 1000–5000 µm, and 500-<1000 µm respectively with different order of proportions. The infrared spectroscopic analysis confirmed the most common polymer type to be polyvinyl chloride in water and sediment, while polyethylene was predominant in fish. Our study provides the current status of microplastic contamination for further evaluation and management of the Kahayan River, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Losbter is a an important and highly economical resources on Coastal Area, in Indian Ocean, including southern part of Java. The research on there area in Pamengpeuk (Garut), South Cianjur, Ujung Genteng conducting to study of habitat and distribution, water quality and lobster population structure. The data analysis are spatial distribution, habitat suitability, population structure from length data distribution. The research result shown the lobster larvae dominant on coastal and near beach, and adult lobster on deeper zone than larvae, and water quality relatively good. The species dominant found are Panulirus homarus and Panulirus pennicilatus) with composition 48%:52%. The size structure in Ujung Genteng relatively growth rapidly than Cianjur and Pamengpeuk. The finding of lobster research in this area are environmental quality appropriate where P homarus and penniculatus as dominat species, with good growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research demonstrated the use of simple biomarkers from Oryzias celebensis embryos to detect the effects of pollutants from the Tallo River. The biomarkers used in this research were somite number, egg biometrics, heart rate, survival rate, and hatching time. Pollutants were sampled from three hot spots in the Tallo River (Station 1 (S1), Station 2 (S2) and Station 3 (S3)). Two exposure models were used in this study: in situ and semi-in situ exposure. In situ exposure was carried out by placing ten embryos (stage 17) at each station for six days. Semi-in situ embryos (10 animals) were exposed to polluted water from each station and embryo rearing media (ERM) as a control at stage 17 until hatching in the laboratory. Biomarker data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of variance) to determine the sensitivity of each biomarker used. Almost all the embryos used as model animals in the in situ experiment died, except for two embryos placed in stations 2 and 3. The embryos from station 2 hatched after 18 days. The embryos from station 3 died after 18 days. The semi in situ experiment showed that the number of somites and heart rate showed statistically significant differences between embryos exposed to water from S1 and control embryos (p < 0.05). Other endpoints did not show potential as biomarkers. This study suggested that the number of somites and heart rate of O. celebensis embryos could potentially be used as biomarkers in effect-based monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe purpose of our research was to investigate the relationship between sediment grain size and the accumulation and characteristics of microplastics in the Kahayan River, Indonesia. The average abundance of microplastic in sediment was 7.3 ± 4.3 n/kg dry weight. The result showed a significant difference between predominant sediment grain size and microplastic occurrence in sediment. Moreover, sediment types of very coarse sand (1–2 mm), coarse sand (0.5–1 mm), and fine sand (0.1–0.2 mm) showed a significant and strong correlation with microplastic abundance. Predominant sediment grain size and microplastic shape (fragment, fiber) or size of >1000 µm also have a significant and strong correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of the waters of Bangka Island, Indonesia results in a decrease in water quality. The source of heavy metals is unknown; therefore, it has become a controversial issue for the coastal communities of Bangka Island. This study aimed to determine the source of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Sn in the sediments of the waters of Bangka Island. Sediment sampling at 12 stations was carried out in July 2019, using the APHA; 2012 method. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique, whereas heavy metal sources were analysed using the Enrichment Factor (EF) approach. The results showed EF > 1 at stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11. Zn and Sn were found to be enriched in the minimum to moderate category, Pb was seen to be highly enriched, while Cu and Cd did not show any enrichment (EF < 1). The EF values of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd at stations 7 and 12 showed EF < 1, indicating that the dominant metals were of natural origin. The sources of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Sn at stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 were a mixture of anthropogenic and natural materials. Anthropogenic sources in the waters of the Bangka Island include: tin mining waste, fuel and paint spills, and smoke from tin mining machines (pontoons). These results inform the public and the government that community activities (anthropogenic), natural resources, and their mutual interactions constantly enrich and increase the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Sn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]