Search

Seed propagation is one of the main methods of rhododendron planting stock. Obtaining of the seeds from introduced plants (native reproduction) is very important for successful introduction. In Rhododenron schlippenbachii and R. luteum the structural features of the ovule before pollination, the development of the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat are studied. The studied species are characterized by heterospermy. Mature seeds differ in shape, size, internal structure, and vitality. Seeds in ripe fruits can be divided into 3 fractions. Large seeds often contain an embryo, an endosperm with an endosperm cavity, and later usually germinate. In the seeds of the middle fraction, the endosperm is usually not fully formed, and the embryo may be absent. Small seeds are mainly represented by preserved integument and chalaza cells with thickened cell walls, without signs of the development of embryonic structures. Seeds of medium and, especially, small fractions of R. luteum often lack a wing border, which is present in large seeds of this species. In them, as well as in some of the seeds of the large fraction of both species, secretory cells are formed in the base of funicular region of raphe, which, possibly, perform the function of elaiosomes.

A new location of the rare plant – Rhododendron schlippenbachii, listed in the Red Data Book of Russia, in the vicinity of Nakhodka City is reported. It is the most eastern point of this species in the Primorye Territory. This species was previously known only in the Khasansky district. On test area of 160 m2, with geographic coordinates N42.7849 °, E132.8204 °, in the oak forest with an undergrowth of Lespedeza bicolor at the top of the west slope registered 10 of generative plants. The plants are well developed (their sizes are 2,5 m in height, the shrub contain 3–6 skeletal branches) and bloom profusely. Found seed regeneration.

A bacterial strain, designated CJ1-R5T, was isolated from the flower of the royal azalea plant (Rhododendron schlippenbachii) collected in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The strain was a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, growing at a temperature range of 4–33 °C (optimum 28–30 °C), pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0–8.0), and 0–1% NaCl (optimum 0%). The 16S rRNA sequence analysis of strain CJ1-R5T revealed the highest sequence similarity (97.9%) with Xylophilus ampelinus ATCC 33914T, and sequence similarities of less than 97.2% with other validly named species. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CJ1-R5T clustered with Xylophilus ampelinus ATCC 33914T and two uncultured bacterial clones. The only quinone observed in strain CJ1-R5T was ubiquinone-8. The polar lipids observed were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were C16:0, C17:0 cyclo, and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). The genome size of strain CJ1-R5T was 5.85 Mbp. The genomic G + C content was 68.4 mol%. ANI and dDDH values between strain CJ1-R5T and Xylophilus ampelinus ATCC 33914T were 79.0% and 22.5%, respectively. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data, strain CJ1-R5T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Xylophilus rhododendri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CJ1-R5T (= KACC 21265T = CCTCC AB2020030T)

Рододендрон Шлиппенбаха - Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. за редкую красоту во время цветения представляет большой научный и практический интерес для селекции и декоративного озеленения. Цель настоящей статьи - обзор результатов изучения рододендрона Шлиппенбаха в естественных условиях и в коллекции Ботанического сада-института ДВО РАН. Обобщены данные по морфологии, биологии, онтогенезу и вегетативному размножению. В природе выявлены карликовые деревья вида высотой 100-150 см. Определены условия получения его древовидной формы в культуре. Выделены три формы по срокам цветения: ранние, средние и поздноцветущие. Описаны разновидности цветка, отличающиеся по форме, окраске, величине и махровости. Подобраны наилучшие агротехнические условия для успешного выращивания в культуре. Технология получения посадочного материала рододендрона Шлиппенбаха используется в Ботаническом саду-институте ДВО РАН с 2013 г., Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. - Royal Azalea is interesting for breeding and decorative gardening as it has a rare beauty during flowering. The purpose of this article was to review the results of studying the forms of Royal Azalea in the collection of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in natural conditions. The data on morphology, biology, ontogenesis and vegetative reproduction are summarized. The dwarf trees of the Royal Azalea 100-150 cm high are described. It is revealed that the tree form of the Royal Azalea can be obtained by growing seedlings close to each other. Three forms of flowering periods: early, medium and late flowering. There are 5 flower forms: lobed, lobed with fringed edges, lobed with wrapped edges, star-shaped and star-shaped, and also forms with different color, size and terry: pink flowers (from light pink to dark pink), pink-terry, white, lilac, cream, peach, yellow, dark pink, purple crimson, speckled and flowers with perianth leaves with pale pink edges and cream center. Selected substrate for sowing seeds; the best period for sowing seeds and the best time for picking seedlings are selected; it is determined that planting plants in a permanent place is desirable before the first flowering. Since 2013, the technology of obtaining planting material of Royal Azalea has been used in the practice of the research and production department of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, №1(16) (2019)

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Guryongryeong to Mt. Yaksu, 22 plots (100m2) installed with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups of Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community, Q. mongolica community, Cornus controversa-Q. mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. Q. mongolica was a major woody plant species in the ridge area from Guryongryeong to Yaksusan and Carpinus cordata and C. controversa was partly occupied in some area. High positive correlations showed between Q. mongolica and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Tilia amurensis and Tilia mandshurica, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa; Tilia mandshurica and S. chinensis for. pilosa, R. schlippenbachii; Betula costata and Acer mono; Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Rhododendron schlippenbachii, and relatively high negative correlations showed between A. pseudosieboldianum and S. chinensis for. pilosa, R. schlippenbachii. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged 0.8170~1.1446 and it was lower compared to those of the ridge area of the national parks in Baekdudaegan.

This study was conducted to classify community and verify vegetation structure of Picea jezoensis community in subalpine zone of Mt. Kyebang, Mt. Jiri, Mt. Deogyu, 39 releves set up and was carried out to analyze ordination. P. jezoensis Community was classified into Acer ukurunduense subcommunity, Quercus mongolica subcommunity, Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica subcommunity and P. jezoensis typical subcommunity. The order of important value of the forest community with DBH 2cm above plants was P. jezoensis (89.22), Acer komarovii (30.50), Abies koreana (18.81), Rhododendron schlippenbachii (18.10), Sorbus commixta (17.19), Betula ermanii (16.89), Pinus koraiensis (16.80), Taxus cuspidata (12.45), Acer ukurunduense (11.73). The DBH analysis suggests that P. jezoensis will maintain dominant position.

This study was carried out to improve planting and use of landscape plants in Gangwon-do. The designated plants by schools and cities in Gangwon-do were surveyed and then compared with the planted trees on streets, public parks, schools, etc. in 2009. There were 45 tree species and 43 flower species designated as school trees and school flowers at 632 schools in Gangwon-do. The majority of school tree species were Juniperus chinensis, Pinus densiflora, Abies holophylla, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus thunbergii. The ratio of native species to exotic was 35:10. The majority of school flower species Rosa centifolia, Forsythia koreana, Zinnia elegans, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Rosa rugosa. The ratio of native species to the exotic was 22:21. There were 12 flower species and 7 tree species designated as city trees and city flowers in 18 cities and guns. The high frequency flower species were Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Forsythia koreana, Magnolia sieboldii, and Prunus armeniaca var. ansu. The high frequency tree species were Ginkgo biloba, Pinus koraiensis, and Taxus cuspidata. There were 87 woody landscape tree species planted, and a total of 619,835 landscape plants were planted in Youngseo region (western part of Gangwon-do) in 2009. The ratio of native species to exotic species was 56:31. The majority of landscape trees planted were Pinus densiflora, Prunus yedoensis, Prunus sargentii, Comus officinalis, Pyrus pyrifolia, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Hibiscus syriacus, Forsythia koreana, Zellkova serrata, Acer triflorum, Rhododendron obutusum, and Ligustrum obtusifolium A in 2009. The ratio of native species to the exotic was 64:36. There were 77 woody landscape tree species planted, and a total of 914,668 landscape plants were planted in Youngdong region (eastern part of Gangwon-do) in 2009. The ratio of native species to exotic was 52:25. The major landscape trees planted were Pinus thunbergii, Rhododendron lateritium, Rhododendron schlippenenbachii, Hibiscus syriacus, Prunus yedoensis, Pinus densiflora, Syringa dilatata, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Rosa rugosa, Prunus sargentii, Rosa centifolia, Juniperus chinensis, Euonymus japonica, Forsythia koreana, Chionanthus retusus, Acer palmatum, and Chaenomeles sinensis. The results indicate that landscape plants need to be diverse in species in each region of Gangwon-do. Selection of suitable plants for each region and the use of native species need to be emphasized.

Lichen thalli of Dirinaria applanata heavily colonized on the twigs of dead or dying Rhododendron trees in Solok island, Jeonnam province in Korea. Pathogenesis of the lichen on the trees was investigated to find out the possibility of lichen as a causal agent. Histological examination of the lichen colonized twigs was attempted with differential staining technique. Lichen-forming fungus colonized only on the surface of bark and there was no direct penetration of fungal hyphae into the plant tissues. Symbiotic algae of the lichen was also examined. The isolated algal cells were inoculated on artificially induced wounds of the healthy trees. Histological examination of the inoculated tissues showed that some algal cells were successfully colonized inside the tissues without any pathogenic symptoms, even 2 months later, The extract of the lichen thalli was also examined using 10% of DMSO solution. Treated tissues showed no pathogenic symptoms, even 4 weeks later. The results suggested that the lichen was not directly involved in the death of the trees.

The forest vegetation of Namhae-gun was investigated using the methodology of the Z.-M. school of phytosociology from March, 1998 to September, 2003. The forest vegetation was classified into 12 communities, 11 subcommunities, 5 afforestations as follows : Quercus mongolica community(typical subcommunity, Rhododendron schlippenbachii subcommunity), Ouercus serrata community(typical subcommunity, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum subcommunity), Ouercus variablis community(typical subcommunity, Platycarya strobilacea subcommunity), Quercus acutissima community, Carpinus laxiflora community, Carpinus coreans community, Styrax japonica community, Zelkova serrata community, Corylopsis coreana community, Pinus densiflora community(typical subcommunity, Rhododendron mucronulatum subcommunity, Carpinus laxiflora subcommunity), Pinus thunbergii community(typical subcommunity, Eurya Japonica subcommunity), Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense community, Chamaecyparis obtusa afforestation, Alnus firma afforestation, Pinus rigida afforestation, Robinia pseudo-acacia afforestation, Cryptomeria japonica afforestation. The soil pH of the study area was ranged from 4.2 to 5.4, and soil moisture content was strongly related to organic matter content. The Corylopsis coreana community contained the highest soil moisture content, whereas Pinus densiflora community contained the lowest one. The content of organic matter were in the Quercus mongolica, Carpinus coreans and Ouercus serrata communities, in the Quercus acutissima, Corylopsis coreana and Pinus thunbergii communities, and in the Pinus rigida and Cryptomeria japonica afforestation. There is significant correlation among the contents of cations(, and ).

This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation of the Mt. Naeyeon with phytosociological analysis of ZM school and to explain ordination of communities with CCA. The research sites were located between the northern part of Pohang-si area and the southern part of Yeongdeok-gun area. The 70 plots consisted of 253 species were investigated. The forest vegetation was classified into Quercus mongolica community, Q. variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Carpinus laxiflora community and Zelkova serrata community. Q. mongolica community was divided into 2 groups such as Rhododendron schlippenbachii group and Euonymus oxyphyllus group and Q. variabilis community was divided into 3 groups such as Syneilesis palmata group, Lespedezatomentilia group and Tilia mandshurica group, and Z. serrata community was divided into 2 groups such as Carpinus cordata group and Diospyros lotus group. According to the results of CCA ordination, Q. mongolica community showed high positive correlation to altitude and topography, whereas it showed negative correlation to bare rock. But Z. serrata community showed the opposite tendency to Q. mongolica community, Altitude was considered as the most important factor among 5 environmental variables in the correlation with axes.

80. Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. Bull. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. 15: 226, 1871. Lectotype (Vinogradova in Grubov, 2004: 91) and isolectotype: Korea, Schlippenbach. Syntype: Korean archipelago, 1863, R. Oldham., Published as part of Grabovskaya-Borodina, Alisa E., Illarionova, Irina D., Tatanov, Ivan V., Lee, Byoung-Yoon & Lim, Chae Eun, 2013, Type specimens of Korean vascular plants in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE), pp. 191-202 in Journal of Species Research 2 (2) on page 197, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.191, http://zenodo.org/record/8120244, {"references":["Grubov, V. I. (ed.) 2004. Catalogue of the type specimens of East Asian vascular plants in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE) Part I (Japan and Korea) / I. O. Buzunova, V. V. Byalt, V. M. Vinogradova, A. E. Grabovskaya-Borodina, I. D. Illarionova, N. N. Imkhanitzkaya, T. V. Krestovskaya, V. V. Nikitin, M. S. Novosselova, L. V. Orlova, T. N. Popova, L. M. Raenko. Moscow; St. - Petersburg: KMK Scientific Press. 188 p."]}

The purpose of the this study was to provide basic data on reasonable management for Abies koreana in Mt. Jiri through analysis the ecological characteristics of Abies koreana forests on Seseok. Due to low soil pH (4.26), high organic matter (10.5%) and total N (0.32%), the soil properties of A. koreana forest on Seseok are different from those of other forest soil in Korea. According to the result of importance value analysis, A. koreana (70.5) for tree layer, A. koreana (37.6) and Rhododendron schlippenbachii (20.8) for subtree layer and A. koreana (12.6), Sasa borealis (11.5) and Acer pseudosieboldianum (11.2) for shrub layer were high, respectively. The species diversity of Shannon was 0.425 for tree layer, 0.869 for subtree layer and 1.320 for shrub layer. Evenness and dominance for all layers ranged from 0.365 to 0.894 and 0.187 to 0.635, respectively. Height growth according to DBH of A. koreana on Seseok was relative high. Annual mean tree ring growth of A. koreana showed up 1.372, 1.557 and 1.483 mm/yr for small, middle and large diameter tree, respectively. Considering the importance value, distribution of seedling, height growth and ring growth, A. koreana forest on Seseok in Mt. Jiri will be maintained as the major population from now on.