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1. The Coverage of African Conflicts by Northern or Southern Media: Un Unfair Game

Author: World Journalism Education Congress (5-8 juillet 2010: Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa), Frère, Marie-Soleil, World Journalism Education Congress (5-8 juillet 2010: Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa), and Frère, Marie-Soleil
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Published: 2010

2. South Africa, Past, Present and Future : Gold at the End of the Rainbow?

Author: Tony Binns, Alan (St Mary'S University College) Lester, Etienne (Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa) Nel, Tony Binns, Alan (St Mary'S University College) Lester, and Etienne (Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa) Nel
Subjects: Economic forecasting--South Africa
Abstract: This is the first book to combine a discussion of post-apartheid development initiatives with an extended historical analysis of South Africa's dynamic race, class, gender and ethnic identities. Bringing together the research of an historical geographer and two development geographers, the book enables us to locate the post-apartheid transition in a broad historical and spatial perspective. Within this perspective, the limitations as well as the achievements of South Africa's current transformation are highlighted.
Published: 2000

3. Metamorphic Geology: Progress and Perspectives

Author: Eugene G. Grosch, Silvio Ferrero, Pierre Lanari, Philippe Goncalves, Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], University of Bern, Institut für Erd‐ und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Potsdam, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Geology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Potsdam, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Department of Geology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Metamorphic rock, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Geology, Ocean Engineering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 550 Earth sciences & geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

4. Data quality control considerations in multivariate environmental monitoring: experience of the French coastal network SOMLIT

Author: Breton, Elsa, Savoye, Nicolas, Rimmelin-maury, Peggy, Sautour, Benoit, Goberville, Eric, Lheureux, Arnaud, Cariou, Thierry, Ferreira, Sophie, Agogué, Hélène, Alliouane, Samir, Aubert, Fabien, Aubin, Sébastien, Berthebaud, Eric, Blayac, Hadrien, Blondel, Lucie, Boulart, Cedric, Bozec, Yann, Bureau, Sarah, Caillo, Arnaud, Cauvin, Arnaud, Cazes, Jean-baptiste, Chasselin, Leo, Claquin, Pascal, Conan, Pascal, Cordier, Marie-ange, Costes, Laurence, Crec’hriou, Romain, Crispi, Olivier, Crouvoisier, Muriel, David, Valérie, Del Amo, Yolanda, De Lary, Hortense, Delebecq, Gaspard, Devesa, Jeremy, Domeau, Aurélien, Durozier, Maria, Emery, Claire, Feunteun, Eric, Fauchot, Juliette, Gentilhomme, Valérie, Geslin, Sandrine, Giraud, Mélanie, Grangeré, Karine, Grégori, Gerald, Grossteffan, Emilie, Gueux, Aurore, Guillaudeau, Julien, Guillou, Gael, Harrewyn, Manon, Jolly, Orianne, Jude-lemeilleur, Florence, Labatut, Paul, Labourdette, Nathalie, Lachaussée, Nicolas, Lafont, Michel, Lagadec, Veronique, Lambert, Christophe, Lamoureux, Jezebel, Lanceleur, Laurent, Lebreton, Benoit, Lecuyer, Eric, Lemeille, David, Leredde, Yann, Leroux, Cédric, Leynaert, Aude, L’helguen, Stéphane, Liénart, Camilla, Macé, Eric, Maria, Eric, Marie, Barbara, Marie, Dominique, Mas, Sébastien, Mendes, Fabrice, Mornet, Line, Mostajir, Behzad, Mousseau, Laure, Nowaczyk, Antoine, Nunige, Sandra, Parra, René, Paulin, Thomas, Pecqueur, David, Petit, Franck, Pineau, Philippe, Raimbault, Patrick, Rigaut-jalabert, Fabienne, Salmeron, Christophe, Salter, Ian, Sauriau, Pierre-guy, Seuront, Laurent, Sultan, Emmanuelle, Valdès, Rémi, Vantrepotte, Vincent, Vidussi, Francesca, Voron, Florian, Vuillemin, Renaud, Zudaire, Laurent., Garcia, Nicole, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), ESEO-GSII (GSII), ESEO-Tech, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-École supérieure d'électronique de l'ouest [Angers] (ESEO)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-École supérieure d'électronique de l'ouest [Angers] (ESEO), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre pour l'Aquaculture, la Pêche et l'Environnement (CAPENA), Centre de recherches en environnement côtier (CREC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Groupement d'intérêt public pour la réhabilitation de l'étang de Berre (GIPREB), GIPREB, Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Normandie Université (NU), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMS 3113, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pluridisciplinarité au service de l’observation et de la recherche en environnement et astronomie (UMS POREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Observatoire de REcherche Méditerranéen de l'Environnement (OSU OREME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), OSU Stations marines (STAMAR), and CNRS-INSU, SNO SOMLIT, French National Fleet (Flotte Océanographique Française, FOF)
Subjects: data quality control, inter-laboratory comparison exercises, Global and Planetary Change, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, measurement uncertainty, environmental monitoring network, Ocean Engineering, analyst performance, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, multivariate dataset, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: IntroductionWhile crucial to ensuring the production of accurate and high-quality data—and to avoid erroneous conclusions—data quality control (QC) in environmental monitoring datasets is still poorly documented.MethodsWith a focus on annual inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) exercises performed in the context of the French coastal monitoring SOMLIT network, we share here a pragmatic approach to QC, which allows the calculation of systematic and random errors, measurement uncertainty, and individual performance. After an overview of the different QC actions applied to fulfill requirements for quality and competence, we report equipment, accommodation, design of the ILC exercises, and statistical methodology specially adapted to small environmental networks (Results, Discussion, ConclusionThe examination of the temporal variations (2001–2021) in the repeatability, reproducibility, and trueness of the SOMLIT network over time confirms the essential role of ILC exercises as a tool for the continuous improvement of data quality in environmental monitoring datasets.
Published: 2023

5. Drivers of Perceived Nuisance Growth by Aquatic Plants

Author: Kirstine Thiemer, Bart Immerzeel, Susanne Schneider, Keneilwe Sebola, Julie Coetzee, Mathieu Baldo, Gabrielle Thiebaut, Sabine Hilt, Jan Köhler, Sarah Faye Harpenslager, Jan E. Vermaat, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), We gratefully acknowledge the Research Council of Norway (297202/E10), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (033WU005), the French Agence National de Recherche (N° ANR-18-IC4W-0004-06) and the South African Water Research Commission (K5/2951) for funding of MadMacs (Mass development of aquatic macrophytes—causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services) in the frame of the collaborative international consortium of the 2017 call of the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI). Additional funding is provided by Krypsiv på Sørlandet, NIVA and the Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management at NMBU. Open Access funding provided by Norwegian Institute For Water Research., and ANR-18-IC4W-0004,MadMacs,Mass development of aquatic macrophytes – causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services(2018)
Subjects: Macrophytes, Global and Planetary Change, Bayesian networks, Ecology, problematic growth, mass development, Aquatic Ecology, survey, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ecosystem services, Pollution
Abstract: Mass developments of macrophytes occur frequently worldwide and are often considered a nuisance when interfering with human activities. It is crucial to understand the drivers of this perception if we are to develop effective management strategies for ecosystems with macrophyte mass developments. Using a comprehensive survey spanning five sites with different macrophyte species in four countries (Norway, France, Germany and South Africa), we quantified the perception of macrophyte growth as a nuisance among residents and visitors, and for different recreational activities (swimming, boating, angling, appreciation of biodiversity, appreciation of landscape and birdwatching). We then used a Bayesian network approach to integrate the perception of nuisance with the consequences of plant removal. From the 1234 responses collected from the five sites, a range of 73–93% of the respondents across the sites considered macrophyte growth a nuisance at each site. Residents perceived macrophytes up to 23% more problematic than visitors. Environmental mindedness of respondents did not influence the perception of nuisance. Perceived nuisance of macrophytes was relatively similar for different recreational activities that were possible in each case study site, although we found some site-specific variation. Finally, we illustrate how Bayesian networks can be used to choose the best management option by balancing people’s perception of macrophyte growth with the potential consequences of macrophyte removal.
Published: 2023

6. Size-Dependent Response of the Mussel Collective Behaviour to Plastic Leachates and Predator Cues

Author: Uguen, Marine, Gaudron, Sylvie, Nicastro, Katy, Zardi, Gerardo, Spilmont, Nicolas, Seuront, Laurent, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Sorbonne Université - UFR Sciences de la vie (UFR 927 ), Sorbonne Université (SU), and Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa
Subjects: Risk of predation, plastic leachate, Environmental Engineering, clumping behaviour, blue mussel, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, toxicity, Environmental Chemistry, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract: International audience; Both individual and collective anti-predator behaviours are essential for the survival of many species. This is particularly true for ecosystem engineers such as intertidal mussels, which through their collective behaviour create novel habitats for a range of organisms and biodiversity hotspots. However, contaminants may disrupt these behaviours and consequently indirectly affect exposure to predation risk at the population level. Among these, plastic litter is a major and ubiquitous contaminant of the marine environment. Here, we assessed the impact of microplastic (MP) leachates of the most produced plastic polymer, polypropylene (PlasticsEurope, 2022), at a high but locally relevant concentration (i.e. ca. 12 g L-1) on the collective behaviours and anti-predator responses of both small and large Mytilus edulis mussels. Indeed, in contrast to large mussels, small ones reacted to MP leachates, showing a taxis towards conspecifics and stronger aggregations. All mussels reacted to the chemical cues of the predatory crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, but with two different collective anti-predator behaviours. Small mussels only showed a taxis towards conspecifics when exposed to predator cues. This response was also found in large ones with a tendency to form more strongly bound aggregations and a considerable reduced activity, i.e. they significantly delayed their time to start to form aggregations and decreased their gross distance. These anti-predator behaviours 2 were respectively inhibited and impaired in small and large mussels by MP leachates. The observed collective behavioural changes may reduce individual fitness by enhancing predation risk, particularly in small mussels that are the crab H. sanguineus's favourite preys. Given the key role of mussels as ecosystem engineers, our observations suggest that plastic pollution may have implication on M. edulis at the species level, but also enhancing a cascading effect towards a higher level of organisation such as population, community and ultimately structure and function of intertidal ecosystem.
Published: 2023

7. Indirect effects shape macroalgal epifaunal communities

Author: Justin A. Lathlean, Christopher D. McQuaid, Laurent Seuront, Aldwin Ndhlovu, and Rhodes University, Grahamstown
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, epifauna, Intertidal zone, habitat, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, Predation, Rocky shore, ecosystem engineer, Abundance (ecology), Grazing, Gelidium pristoides, 14. Life underwater, Research Articles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Herbivore, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, upwelling, Habitat, fractals, rocky shore, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Research Article
Abstract: We tested the response of algal epifauna to the direct effects of predation and the indirect consequences of habitat change due to grazing and nutrient supply through upwelling using an abundant intertidal rhodophyte, Gelidium pristoides. We ran a mid‐shore field experiment at four sites (two upwelling sites interspersed with two non‐upwelling sites) along 450 km of the south coast of South Africa. The experiment was started in June 2014 and ran until June 2015. Four treatments (predator exclusion, grazer exclusion, control, and procedural control) set out in a block design (n = 5) were monitored monthly for algal cover for the first 6 months and every 2 months for the last 6 months. Epifaunal abundance, species composition, algal cover, and algal architectural complexity (measured using fractal geometry) were assessed after 12 months. Predation had no significant effect on epifaunal abundances, while upwelling interacted with treatment. Grazing reduced the architectural complexity of algae, with increased fractal dimensions in the absence of grazers, and also reduced algal cover at all sites, though the latter effect was only significant for upwelling sites. Epifaunal community composition was not significantly affected by the presence of herbivores or predators but differed among sites independently of upwelling; sites were more similar to nearby sites than those farther away. In contrast, total epifaunal abundance was significantly affected by grazing, when normalized to algal cover. Grazing reduced the cover of algae; thus, epifaunal abundances were not affected by the direct top‐down effects of predation but did respond to the indirect effects of grazing on habitat availability and quality. Our results indicate that epifaunal communities can be strongly influenced by the indirect consequences of biotic interactions., Epifauna respond to the indirect effects of top‐down regulation of their habitat, rather than to the bottom‐up effects of nutrient availability, or the direct top‐down effects of predation.
Published: 2021

8. Weather and topography regulate the benefit of a conditionally helpful parasite

Author: Gerardo I. Zardi, Christopher D. McQuaid, Katy R. Nicastro, Jonathan Monsinjon, Mauricio H. Oróstica, Laurent Seuront, and Rhodes University, Grahamstown
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mutualism (biology), Ectotherm, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biophysics, Temperature, Heatwave, Symbiotic relationship, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Mutualism, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Parasite hosting, Microhabitat, Mussel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Heat-induced mass mortalities involving ecosystem engineers may have long-lasting detrimental effects at the community level, eliminating the ecosystem services they provide. Intertidal mussels are ecologically and economically valuable with some populations facing unprecedented heat-induced mass mortalities. Critically, mussels are also frequently infested by endolithic parasites that modify shell albedo, hence reducing overheating and mortality rates under heat stress. Using a biophysical model, we explored the topographical and meteorological conditions under which endolithically driven thermal buffering becomes critical to survival. Based on meteorological data from a global climate analysis, we modelled body temperatures of infested and non-infested mussels over the last decade (2010-2020) at nine sites spread across c. 20 degrees of latitude. We show that thermal buffering is enhanced where and when heat stress is greatest, that is, on sun-exposed surfaces under high solar radiation and high air temperature. These results suggest that new co-evolutionary pathways are likely to open for these symbiotic organisms as climate continues to change, potentially tipping the balance of the relationship from a parasitic to a more mutualistic one. However, endolithically driven reductions in body temperatures can also occur at or below optimal temperatures, thereby reducing the host's metabolic rates and making the interplay of positive and negative effects complex. In parallel, we hindcasted body temperatures using empirical data from nearby weather stations and found that predictions were very similar with those obtained from two global climate reanalyses (i.e. NCEP-DOE Reanalysis 2 and ECMWF Reanalysis v5). This result holds great promise for modelling the distribution of terrestrial ectotherms at ecologically relevant spatiotemporal scales, as it suggests we can reasonably bypass the practical issues associated with weather stations. For intertidal ectotherms, however, the challenge will be incorporating body temperatures over the full tidal cycle. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2021

9. Classifying Radio Galaxies with the Convolutional Neural Network

Author: Thorat, K. [Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown (South Africa)]
Published: 2017
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10. Early stages of crop expansion have little effect on farm-scale vegetation patterns in a Cerrado biome working landscape

Author: Julien Blanco, Beatriz Bellón, Liane Barthelemy, Baptiste Camus, Aurélie De Palmas, Inès Fillon, Louise Jaffré, Anne-Sophie Masson, Alix Masure, Fabio De O. Roque, Franco L. Souza, Fabio Bolzan, Isabel Melo, Guilherme Dalponti, Aline Giroux, Dinah Madruga, Michel Vaillant, Pierre-Cyril Renaud, Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés (SENS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Reconciling Ecological and Human Adaptations for Biosphere Sustainability (REHABS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Ecole Supérieure d'Agro-développement International (ISTOM), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS)
Subjects: Urban Studies, Ecology, Fragmentation, Landscape analysis, Land-use change, Ranching systems, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Deforestation, Remote sensing, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; In addition to protected areas, sustainable working landscapes are key to successful biodiversity conservation. Yet such landscapes are threatened by rapid crop expansion, in particular in Brazil. In this context, this study explores the influence of farming systems on farm-scale vegetation patterns around the Serra da Bodoquena National Park in Mato Grosso do Sul. To collect data on farming systems and how they are evolving, we conducted interviews at 40 farms covering 120,000 ha, including eight farms with land within the national park. To assess vegetation patterns, we conducted pixel-wise and landscape analyses based on MapBiomas land cover maps from which we calculated seven metrics over the 2009-2019 period. Using multivariate methods, we identified the activities that differentiated farming systems, isolating five farm types with contrasting involvement in crop cultivation and ranching. We found that most farm-scale landscape metrics were only weakly influenced by farming systems. Temporal analyses and interviews suggested that biophysical and legislative contexts limit crop expansion, which mainly occurred at the expense of old pastures and did not directly impact forest proportion within farms. As a consequence, crop expansion in the region seemed to mainly affect small tree patches in pasture areas, making its effect on vegetation patterns barely detectable with 30-m resolution imagery. These findings suggest that rather than focusing solely on deforestation, monitoring the dynamics of wooded pastures with high-resolution images is crucial to assess the early effects of crop expansion on vegetation patterns and to ensure the conservation of biodiversity-friendly agricultural matrices around protected areas in Brazil.
Published: 2022

11. The Legacy of a Troubled Past.: Commemorative Politics in South Africa in the 21st Century

Author: Cros, Bernard, Rogez, Mathilde, Teulié, Gilles, Marschall, Sabine, Robles, Fanny, Schmahmann, Brenda, Joseph-Vilain, Mélanie, McCann, Fiona, Perrot, Cécile, Baines, Gary, Poullennec, Annael Le, Transferts critiques anglophones (TransCrit), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Cultures anglo-saxonnes (CAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Monde Anglophone (LERMA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Centre Interlangues : texte, image, langage [Dijon] (TIL), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Lille, Centre d'Études en Civilisations, Langues et Lettres Étrangères - ULR 4074 (CECILLE), Anglophonie : Communautés, Ecritures (ACE ), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, and Matthew Graves
Subjects: memory, South Africa, postapartheid, postcolonialism, nation-building, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Since the advent of democracy in 1994, South Africa has been engaged in an unprecedented exercise of national soul-searching, torn between the need to lay to rest centuries of racial conflict and the desire to come to terms with its traumatic history. This book asks whether the country has begun to turn the corner on the legacy of collective hurt. To do so it ranges in scope across 350 years of South African history, encompassing the struggle against the apartheid regime, the downfall of white supremacy, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the first 25 years of democracy, up to more recent movements, such as #RhodesMustFall, or the inquests into the 2012 Marikana massacre, that point to the persistence of traumatic memory in contemporary society. The authors assembled here set out to analyse the representation of such memory, how it has been woven into narratives, recorded, preserved and questioned, and how issues of individual and collective responsibility have been grafted onto it through the visual arts, literature, political discourse and public action. In focusing on memory along with its derived forms of memorialization, collective memory, nostalgia, or post-memory, our contributors pose a fundamental question: is South Africa finally coming to the end of the post-apartheid transition period? Do the decades of memory work on racial violence and repression examined here hold out hope for the nation to make peace with its past?
Published: 2022

12. Density-Dependent and Species-Specific Effects on Self-Organization Modulate the Resistance of Mussel Bed Ecosystems to Hydrodynamic Stress

Author: Laurent Seuront, Gerardo I. Zardi, Christopher D. McQuaid, Johan van de Koppel, Katy R. Nicastro, Monique de Jager, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stress tolerance, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Stress (mechanics), 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Stress, Physiological, Spatial pattern, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Mytilus, Population Density, Self-organization, 0303 health sciences, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, Resistance (ecology), Ecology, Plan_S-Compliant_NO, Disturbance, Mussel, 15. Life on land, Disturbance (ecology), international, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hydrodynamics, Spatial ecology, Common spatial pattern, Species interaction
Abstract: Self-organized, regular spatial patterns emerging from local interactions among individuals enhance the ability of ecosystems to respond to environmental disturbances. Mussels self-organize to form large, regularly patterned biogenic structures that modify the biotic and abiotic environment and provide numerous ecosystem functions and services. We used two mussel species that form monospecific and mixed beds to investigate how species-specific behavior affects self-organization and resistance to wave stress. Perna perna has strong attachment but low motility, while Mytilus galloprovincialis shows the reverse. At low density, the less motile P. perna has limited spatial self-organization compared with M. galloprovincialis, while when coexisting, the two species formed random spatial patterns. At high density, the two species self-organized in similar ways, while when coexisting, patterns were less strong. Spatial pattern formations significantly shaped resistance to hydrodynamic stress. At low density, P. perna beds with strong attachment and M. galloprovincialis beds with strong spatial organization showed higher retention rates than mixed beds. At high density, the presence of strongly attached P. perna significantly increased retention in mixed and P. perna beds compared with M. galloprovincialis beds. Our study emphasizes the importance of the interplay of species-specific behaviors to spatial self-organization and stress tolerance in natural communities. National Research Foundation of South AfricaNational Research Foundation - South Africa [64801]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT-MEC, Portugal); French Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche; Hauts de France RegionRegion Hauts-de-France; European Funds for Regional Economical Development
Published: 2021

13. First Virtual International Congress on Cellular and Organismal Stress Responses, November 5-6, 2020

Author: Adrienne L. Edkins, Harm H. Kampinga, Linda M. Hendershot, Ruth Scherz-Shouval, Andrew W. Truman, Steven Bergink, Veena Prahlad, Chris Prodromou, Olivier Genest, Antonio De Maio, Gabriele Multhoff, Jill L. Johnson, Brian C. Freeman, Mehdi Mollapour, Jeff Brodsky, Patricija van Oosten-Hawle, Brian S. J. Blagg, Dan Masison, Anastasia Zhuravleva, Kevin A. Morano, University of Leeds, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), The University of Notre Dame [Sydney], University of Pittsburgh Medical Center [Pittsburgh, PA, États-Unis] (UPMC), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (BIP ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), University of Groningen [Groningen], University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Bethesda], The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Department of Radiation Oncology [Munich], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Department of Biochemistry, University of Sussex, University of Sussex, University of Iowa [Iowa City], Department of Mathematics (Weizmann Institute of Science), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], SUNY Upstate Medical University, State University of New York (SUNY), University of North Carolina [Charlotte] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), and University of California
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cancer biology, Library science, HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, Hsp90, Molecular Chaperones/genetics, Biochemistry, Hsp70, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Political science, International congress, CSSI Congress, Chaperones, Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics, Humans, Proteostasis/genetics, HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins, Heat-Shock Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics, Heat shock proteins, Cell Biology, Stress responses, Meeting Review, ddc, Cell stress, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics, Proteostasis, Molecular Chaperones
Abstract: Members of the Cell Stress Society International (CSSI), Patricija van Oosten-Hawle (University of Leeds, UK), Mehdi Mollapour (SUNY Upstate Medical University, USA), Andrew Truman (University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA) organized a new virtual meeting format which took place on November 5–6, 2020. The goal of this congress was to provide an international platform for scientists to exchange data and ideas among the Cell Stress and Chaperones community during the Covid-19 pandemic. Here we will highlight the summary of the meeting and acknowledge those who were honored by the CSSI.
Published: 2021

14. From introduction to nuisance growth: a review of traits of alien aquatic plants which contribute to their invasiveness

Author: Julie A. Coetzee, Patrick Heidbüchel, Andreas Hussner, Elisabeth M. Gross, Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0106 biological sciences, Abiotic component, Herbivore, Biotic component, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology (disciplines), Alien, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Aquatic plant, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Biological dispersal, Allelopathy
Abstract: International audience; Invasive alien aquatic plant species (IAAPs) cause serious ecological and economic impact and are a major driver of changes in aquatic plant communities. Their invasive success is influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors. Here, we summarize the existing knowledge on the biology of 21 IAAPs (four free-floating species, eight sediment-rooted, emerged or floating-leaved species, and nine sediment-rooted, submerged species) to highlight traits that are linked to their invasive success. We focus on those traits which were documented as closely linked to plant invasions, including dispersal and growth patterns, allelopathy and herbivore defence. The traits are generally specific to the different growth forms of IAAPs. In general, the species show effective dispersal and spread mechanisms, even though sexual and vegetative spread differs strongly between species. Moreover, IAAPs show varying strategies to cope with the environment. The presented overview of traits of IAAPs will help to identify potential invasive alien aquatic plants. Further, the information provided is of interest for developing species-specific management strategies and effective prevention measures.
Published: 2021

15. Microplastic leachates disrupt the chemotactic and chemokinetic behaviours of an ecosystem engineer (Mytilus edulis)

Author: Marine Uguen, Katy R. Nicastro, Gerardo I. Zardi, Sylvie M. Gaudron, Nicolas Spilmont, Fleurine Akoueson, Guillaume Duflos, Laurent Seuront, Université de Lille, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Centro de Ciências do Mar [Faro] (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Sorbonne Université - UFR Sciences de la vie (UFR 927 ), Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), and This research was also financially supported by both the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (FEAMP) and France Filière Pêche through the research project SOLACE (« Resilience of the mussel Mytilus edulis to anthropogenic and climatic stressors »), and by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, MEC, Portugal, grant number: UIDB/04326/2020) and the National Research Foundation of South Africa (grant number: 64801).
Subjects: Mytilus, Environmental Engineering, Chemodetection, Brachyura, Mytilus edulis, Microplastics, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Polypropylenes, Pollution, Predators, Intertidal species, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Chemical stimulus, Cues, Plastics, Ecosystem, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Blue mussel
Abstract: The massive contamination of the environment by plastics is an increasing global scientific and societal concern. Knowing whether and how these pollutants affect the behaviour of keystone species is essential to identify environmental risks effectively. Here, we focus on the effect of plastic leachates on the behavioural response of the common blue mussel Mytilus edulis, an ecosystem engineer responsible for the creation of biogenic structures that modify the environment and provide numerous ecosystem functions and services. Specifically, we assess the effect of virgin polypropylene beads on mussels' chemotactic (i.e. a directional movement in response to a chemical stimulus) and chemokinetic (i.e. a non-directional change in movement properties such as speed, distance travelled or turning frequency in response to a chemical stimulus) responses to different chemical cues (i.e. conspecifics, injured conspecifics and a predator, the crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus). In the presence of predator cues, individual mussels reduced both their gross distance and speed, changes interpreted here as an avoidance behaviour. When exposed to polypropylene leachates, mussels moved less compared to control conditions, regardless of the cues tested. Additionally, in presence of crab cues with plastic leachates, mussels significantly changed the direction of movement suggesting a leachate-induced loss of their negative chemotaxis response. Taken together, our results indicate that the behavioural response of M. edulis is cue-specific and that its anti-predator behaviour as well as its mobility are impaired when exposed to microplastic leachates, potentially affecting the functioning of the ecosystem that the species supports. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2022

16. A whale of a plastic tale: A plea for interdisciplinary studies to tackle micro- and nanoplastic pollution in the marine realm

Author: Seuront, Laurent, Zardi, Gerardo I., Uguen, Marine, Bouchet, Vincent M.P., Delaeter, Camille, Henry, Solène, Spilmont, Nicolas, Nicastro, Katy, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Centro de Ciências do Mar [Faro] (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Centre of Marine Sciences [Faro] (CCMAR), University of Algarve [Portugal], Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 [LOG], Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology [TUMSAT], and Centro de Ciências do Mar [Faro] [CCMAR]
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Polymers, Anthropogenic pollution, Microplastics, Whales, Interdisciplinarity, Leachate, Interdisciplinary Studies, Toxicity assay, Pollution, Analytical chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Humans, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Waste Management and Disposal, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Plastic is one of the most ubiquitous sources of both contamination and pollution of the Anthropocene, and accumulates virtually everywhere on the planet. As such, plastic threatens the environment, the economy and human well-being globally. The related potential threats have been identified as a major global conservation issue and a key research priority. Asa consequence, plastic pollution has become one of the most prolific fields of research in research areas including chemistry, physics, oceanography, biology, ecology, ecotoxicology, molecular biology, sociology, economy, conservation, management, and even politics. In this context, one may legitimately expect plastic pollution research to be highly interdisciplinary. However, using the emerging topic of microplastic and nanoplastic leachate (i.e., the desorption of molecules that are adsorbed onto the surface of a polymer and/or absorbed into the polymer matrix in the absence of plastic ingestion) in the ocean as a case study, we argue that this is still far from being the case. Instead, we highlight that plastic pollution research rather seems to remain structured in mostly isolated monodisciplinary studies. A plethora of analytical methods arc now available to qualify and quantify plastic monomers, polymers and the related additives. We nevertheless show though a survey of the literature that most studies addressing the effects of leachates on marine organisms essentially still lack of a quantitative assessment of the chemical nature and content of both plastic items and their leachates. In the context of the ever-increasing research effort devoted to assess the biological and ecological effects of plastic waste, we subsequently argue that the lack of a true interdisciplinary approach is likely to hamper the development of this research field. We finally introduce a roadmap for future research which has to evolve through the development of a sound and systematic ability to chemically define what we biologically compare. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2022

17. Multiple phytoplankton community responses to environmental change in a temperate coastal system: A trait-based approach

Author: Breton, Elsa, Goberville, Eric, Sautour, Benoit, Ouadi, Anis, Skouroliakou, Dimitra-ioli, Seuront, Laurent, Beaugrand, Gregory, Kléparski, Loïck, Crouvoisier, Muriel, Pecqueur, David, Salmeron, Christophe, Cauvin, Arnaud, Poquet, Adrien, Garcia, Nicole, Gohin, Francis, Christaki, Urania, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Pélagique (PELAGOS), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur - Faculté de Médecine (UCA Faculté Médecine), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Goberville, Eric
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Phaeocystis, temporal niche partitioning, phytoplankton community, community assembly, environmental change, functional traits, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.OC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, biodiversity, diatoms
Abstract: International audience; The effect of environmental change in structuring the phytoplankton communities of the coastal waters of the Eastern English Channel was investigated by applying a trait-based approach on two decades (1996-2019) of monitoring on diatoms and Phaeocystis . We show that phytoplankton species richness in an unbalanced nutrient supply context was influenced by wind-driven processes, ecological specialization for dissolved inorganic phosphorous, temporal niche differentiation, and a competition-defense and/or a growth-defense trade-off, a coexistence mechanism where weak competitors (i.e., slower growing) are better protected against predation. Under the influence of both environmental perturbations (e.g., wind-driven processes, freshwater influence, unbalanced nutrient levels) and biotic interactions (e.g., competition, predation, facilitation), phytoplankton species exhibited specific survival strategies such as investment on growth, adaptation and tolerance of species to environmental stresses, silicification and resource specialization. These strategies have led to more speciose communities, higher productivity, functional redundancy and stability in the last decade. Our results revealed that the unbalanced nutrient reduction facilitated Phaeocystis blooms and that anthropogenic climate warming and nitrate reduction may threaten the diatom communities of the eastern English Channel in a near future. Our results provide strong support for biogeographical historical and niche-based processes in structuring the phytoplankton community in this temperate region. The variety of species responses that we characterized in this region may help to better understand future changes in pelagic ecosystems, and can serve as a basis to consider functional approaches for future ecosystem management.
Published: 2022

18. Short-term effects of macrophyte removal on emission of CO2 and CH4 in shallow lakes

Author: Harpenslager, S.F., Thiemer, Kirstine, Levertz, C., Misteli, B., Sebola, K.M., Schneider, Susanne Claudia, Hilt, S., Köhler, J., Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, ANR-18-IC4W-0004-06, 186/2019, K5/2951, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF: 02WGR005, Norges Forskningsråd: 297202/E10, Norges Miljø- og Biovitenskapelige Universitet, NMBU, Norsk Institutt for Vannforskning, NIVA, and ANR-18-IC4W-0004,MadMacs,Mass development of aquatic macrophytes – causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services(2018)
Subjects: Mowing, Harvesting, Plant Science, Aquatic Science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Aquatic plants, Mass development, Greenhouse gas, Management
Abstract: International audience; Mass development of macrophytes in freshwater ecosystems is today considered a worldwide problem and substantial resources are spent on macrophyte removal each year. By removing the dominant primary producer, however, this management practice radically changes the ecosystem overnight. Here, we studied short-term effects of the removal of a mass development of free-floating (Pontederia crassipes), submerged (Elodea nuttallii) and emergent (mix of Ludwigia grandiflora and L. peploides) macrophytes on fluxes of CH4 and CO2 in three lakes. In our field experiment, we assigned an impact site where macrophytes were removed, and a control site where vegetation remained. Before and after removal, diffusive fluxes of CO2 and CH4 were determined in lakes dominated by P. crassipes and E. nuttallii, whereas total emission of CH4 was determined in all three case study lakes. Additionally, plant biomass, and physical and chemical parameters were measured before and after removal. While removal of emergent Ludwigia spp. showed no clear effect on total CH4 emission, removal of submerged E. nuttallii reduced both CO2 fixation and total CH4 emission. Removal of free-floating P. crassipes, on the other hand, increased CH4 fluxes and stimulated phytoplankton blooms. The lack of a universal response across our case study lakes suggests that both macrophyte life forms and environmental parameters can be important factors determining effects of removal. Additionally, indirect effects of macrophyte removal on temperature and dissolved oxygen can help to explain carbon emissions. Long-term effects should be studied to allow development of sustainable management practices. © 2022 The Authors
Published: 2022

19. The Pandemic and Your Skin—Direct and Indirect Impact of COVID-19

Author: Mohammad Imran, Xuping Jin, Masood Ali, Pronalis Tapfumaneyi, Pauline Lelasseur, Laure Carlo, Axelle Jude, Alice Le Bourg, Bhavesh Panchal, Arianna Dick, Keshav Raj Paudel, Philip M. Hansbro, Yousuf Mohammed, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Université de Rennes - Faculté de Médecine (UR Médecine), Université de Rennes (UR), Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), and MI is supported by the Research Training Program Scholarship, The University of Queensland, and PMH is funded by a Fellowship and grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (1175134) and by UTS.
Subjects: skin manifestations, PPEs, immunological response, Aging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, Pharmaceutical Science, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Surgery, Dermatology, 0305 Organic Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Apart from well-known respiratory symptoms, less frequent symptoms also appear as a direct result of COVID-19 infection, or as indirect effects of the recommended quarantine and related lifestyle changes. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human skin is predominantly focused on in this article. Cutaneous manifestations, including redness, chilblain-like symptoms (COVID toes), hives or urticaria rash, water blisters, and fishing net-like red-blue patterns on the skin, may appear as accompanying or as systemic COVID-19 symptoms with potential lesions at different skin sites. These symptoms were related to skin phototypes and vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, Black, Asian, and minority ethnic origin patients are found to be more sensitive to COVID-19 infection than Caucasians because of vitamin D deficiency. The region of population with lighter skin phototypes have a significantly higher chance to develop cutaneous manifestations than population with dark skin. In addition, adverse effects, such as skin barrier damage and irritation, may also occur due to extensive personal protective equipment usage (e.g., masks, protective suits, and a few others) and predominately alcohol-based sanitizers. This manuscript covers various aspects of COVID-19 and its clinical skin manifestations.
Published: 2023

20. Short-term effects of macrophyte removal on aquatic biodiversity in rivers and lakes

Author: Benjamin Misteli, Alexandrine Pannard, Eirin Aasland, Sarah Faye Harpenslager, Samuel Motitsoe, Kirstine Thiemer, Stéphanie Llopis, Julie Coetzee, Sabine Hilt, Jan Köhler, Susanne C. Schneider, Christophe Piscart, Gabrielle Thiébaut, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, This work is part of the MadMacs (Mass development of aquatic macrophytes – causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services) project in the framework of the collaborative international consortium of the 2017 call of the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI). The MadMacs project is supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (N° ANR-18-IC4W-0004–06), the Research Council of Norway (297202/E10), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (02WGR005), the South African Water Research Commission (K5/2951), and the Fundação Araucária in Brazil (N° 186/2019). Additional funding was provided by Krypsiv på Sørlandet, NIVA and NMBU., and ANR-18-IC4W-0004,MadMacs,Mass development of aquatic macrophytes – causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services(2018)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, macroinvertebrates, Biodiversity, General Medicine, Plants, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Zooplankton, Lakes, Rivers, Phytoplankton, Animals, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Aquatic plants, Waste Management and Disposal, management, BACI, Ecosystem
Abstract: International audience; Mass development of macrophytes is an increasing problem in many aquatic systems worldwide. Dense mats of macrophytes can negatively affect activities like boating, fishing, or hydropower production and one of the management measures often applied is mechanical removal. In this study, we analyzed the effect of mechanical macrophyte removal on phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrate (pelagic and benthic samples) assemblages. Our study covered five sites in four countries in Europe and Africa with highly variable characteristics. In all sites, dense mats of different macrophyte species (Juncus bulbosus in a river in Norway; a mix of native macrophytes in a German river, Elodea nuttallii in a lake in Germany, Ludwigia spp. in a French lake and Pontederia crassipes in a South African lake) are problematic and mechanical removal was applied. In every country, we repeated the same BACI (Before-After-Control-Impact) design, including "before", "one week after", and "six weeks after" sampling in a control and an impact section. Repeating the same experimental design at all sites allowed us to disentangle common effects across all sites from site-specific effects. For each taxonomic group, we analyzed three structural and three functional parameters, which we combined in a scoring system. Overall, the removal of macrophytes negatively affected biodiversity, in particular, of zooplankton and macroinvertebrate assemblages. In contrast, plant removal had positive effects on the phytoplankton assemblages. Effects were more pronounced one week after removal than six weeks after. Consequently, we suggest a stronger consideration of the effect of plant removal on biodiversity to arrive at more sustainable management practices in the future.
Published: 2023

21. New highlights on Old World giant Phragmites (Poaceae) using leaf and floral bract microscopic characters

Author: Verlaque, R., Hardion, L., Lambertini, C., Canavan, K., Verlaque, M., Vila, B., Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Systematics, Epidermis, Anatomy, Reed, Micromorphology, Settore BIO/02 - Botanica Sistematica, Plant Science, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Aquatic Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy
Abstract: International audience; The genus Phragmites includes taxa that are very difficult to distinguish macroscopically, and even genetically. To better discriminate these taxa, microscopic traits, such as the epidermis of floral bracts and leaves, and leaf anatomy, were investigated. In the Old World, four distinct giant reeds species (> 3 m) were delineated: two tropical species, P. karka and P. mauritianus, and two Mediterranean species, P. altissimus and P. frutescens. Previously included within P. australis sensu lato, the rehabilitation of P. altissimus and P. frutescens is supported by relevant distinctive characteristics. Conversely, the small reeds (< 3 m) from temperate to cold regions form a distinct group. Although this group is still difficult to subdivide with epidermis traits, three taxa can be separated using leaf anatomy: both the Afro-European and the Australian-E. Asian P. australis sensu stricto, and P. japonicus. Using iodine green solution, we link our morphological analyses with previous genetic clustering, the green coloration of floral bracts and margin leaf teeth matches with the presence of nuclear waxy gene bands in P. frutescens and P. mauritianus (100 bp), and P. altissimus (200 bp), while P. karka, P. australis subsp. australis and P. japonicus have no coloration nor waxy band. While leaf anatomy features seem to be correlated with eco-climatic conditions, the epidermal traits delimited other clades. For leaf epidermis P. karka, P. mauritianus, and P. frutescens present the more ancestral characters, whereas P. australis, P. japonicus, and P. altissimus possess derived traits. Lastly, floral bract epidermis traits separate two divergent evolutionary lineages from the basal P. karka.
Published: 2023

22. The theory of stochastic cosmological lensing

Author: Larena, Julien [Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140 (South Africa)]
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. A novel ecosystem (dis)service cascade model to navigate sustainability problems and its application in a changing agricultural landscape in Brazil

Author: Beatriz Bellón, Pierre-Cyril Renaud, Liane Barthelemy, Alix Masure, Fabio de Oliviera Roque, Baptiste Camus, Franco L. Souza, Anne-Sophie Masson, Louise Jaffre, Julien Blanco, Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés (SENS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG-Angers), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Ecole Supérieure d'Agro-développement International (ISTOM), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), James Cook University (JCU), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Service (systems architecture), Health (social science), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sociology and Political Science, Geography, Planning and Development, Context (language use), Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Novel ecosystem, Ecosystem services, Socio-cultural valuation, Conceptual framework, 11. Sustainability, Coproduction of ecosystem services, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable development, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Nature's contributions to people, Cerrado, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Virtuous circle and vicious circle, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Business, Landscape ecology, Forest conservation
Abstract: International audience; The ecosystem service framework has been instrumental in navigating local to global sustainability issues. Yet as ecosystem services (ES) focus on nature's positive contributions to people, some have argued that 'ecosystem disservices' (EDS), or nature's negative contributions, should also be taken into account to better orient sustainability policies. However, joint ES and EDS assessments remain rare in sustainability research, partly because of the persisting conceptual ambiguity around the EDS concept. This study aimed to develop these joint assessments and test their relevance in addressing sustainability issues. To this end, we devised a novel cascade model that helps to define ES and EDS in a multi-level context that considers both as coproduced by ecosystems and people. In order to explore the potential and limitations of this model, we then applied it in a Brazilian landscape where reconciling agriculture and forest conservation is a critical sustainability challenge. Using the model in comprehensive interviews with farmers about their perceptions and management practices of forests, we found that they had an overall positive valuation of forests, but identified both positive and negative interactions between forests and farms at different organizational levels. The model also revealed a vicious circle between crop expansion, a resulting decrease in certain ES and an increase in certain EDS, which might exacerbate tensions between agriculture and forest conservation in the future. Additionally, the model allowed a window on the diverse preventive and regulating practices that the interviewed farmers have adopted to cope with increasing EDS without necessarily harming biodiversity. Based on this case study, this novel cascade model seems a promising conceptual tool to uncover the interactions between ES and EDS, opening new research and policy avenues to support sustainability.
Published: 2021

24. How invasive macrophytes affect macroinvertebrate assemblages and sampling efficiency: Results from a multinational survey

Author: Benjamin Misteli, Alexandrine Pannard, Frédéric Labat, Lorraine Kengne Fosso, Nompumelelo Catherine Baso, Sarah Faye Harpenslager, Samuel Nkopane Motitsoe, Gabrielle Thiebaut, Christophe Piscart, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aquabio, Université de Yaoundé I, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), This study was funded by the French Agence National de Recherche (N° ANR-18-IC4W-0004-06), the South African Water Research Commision (K5/2951), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (033WU005), the Research Council of Norway (297202/E10), and the Fundação Araucária in Brazil (N° 186/2019) for funding of MadMacs (Mass development of aquatic macrophytes - causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services) in the framework of the collaborative international consortium of the 2017 call of the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI). Additional funding was provided by Aquabio (Saint-Germain-du-Puch, France)., and ANR-18-IC4W-0004,MadMacs,Mass development of aquatic macrophytes – causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services(2018)
Subjects: Sampling efficiency, Habitat heterogeneity, Shallow lakes, Methods, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Aquatic Science, Aquatic plants
Abstract: International audience; Macrophytes play an important role in the functioning and structuring of aquatic environments but rapid mass development of invasive macrophytes is causing global concerns. Macroinvertebrate richness and abundance are strongly influenced by macrophytes as macrophytes offer habitats and food resources, increase structural heterogeneity, and provide refuges. Meanwhile, the presence of macrophytes affects the efficiency of standard sampling methods for macroinvertebrates. These effects are not well studied but are leading to biased management decisions. To fill in this knowledge gap, we analysed macroinvertebrate communities from four lakes in four countries in Europe and Africa with mass development of invasive macrophytes. We compared macroinvertebrate communities in sediment samples from a plant-free part of the lake with those in sediment and sweep samples taken within macrophyte stands. We showed that taxa richness and density were higher in sediment samples beneath invasive macrophyte stands compared to plant-free habitats. Unique taxa were found in each sample type. Sampling efficiency of each sampling method varies greatly across lakes especially when replication is low. The taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates within invasive macrophyte stands is often underestimated compared to open water sections with the same number of samples. To reach a high sampling coverage, a higher number of samples is necessary for sampling within invasive macrophytes. Our findings call for the development of a method that allows for comparable sampling within and outside of macrophyte stands. Such method will be the foundation for future research and management of aquatic systems.
Published: 2022

25. The twisted jets of Circinus X-1

Author: Rob Fender, Oleg Smirnov, Anastasios Tzioumis, Mickael Coriat, Cyril Tasse, J. W. Broderick, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cape Town, University of Oxford, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Rotation, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, stars: neutron, X-rays: binaries, accretion, law, 0103 physical sciences, Circinus, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Jet (fluid), Accretion (meteorology), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], stars: individual: Circinus X-1, Astronomy and Astrophysics, accretion discs, Neutron star, ISM: jets and outflows, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Precession, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], radio continuum: stars
Abstract: We present the results of millimetre (33 and 35 GHz) and centimetre (2.1, 5.5 and 9.0 GHz) wavelength observations of the neutron star X-ray binary Circinus X-1, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We have used advanced calibration and deconvolution algorithms to overcome multiple issues due to intrinsic variability of the source and direction dependent effects. The resulting centimetre and millimetre radio maps show spatially resolved jet structures from sub-arcsecond to arcminute angular scales. They represent the most detailed investigation to date of the interaction of the relativistic jet from the X-ray binary with the young supernova remnant in which it is embedded. Comparison of projected jet axes at different wavelengths indicate significant rotation of the jet axis with increasing angular scale. This either suggests interactions of the jet material with surrounding media, creating bends in the jet flow path, or jet precession. We explore the latter hypothesis by successfully modelling the observed jet path using a kinematic jet model. If precession is the right interpretation and our modelling correct, the best fit parameters describe an accreting source with mildly relativistic ejecta ($v = 0.5 c$), inclined close to the plane of the sky ($i = 86^{\circ}$) and precessing over a 5-year period., Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2021

26. Multiple baculovirus infections in codling moth: CpGV-R5 help to CpGV-M cannot be substituted by CrpeNPV

Author: Hinsberger, Aurélie, Blachère-Lopez, Christine, Knox, C., Moore, S., Marsberg, T., Lopez-Ferber, Miguel, IMT Mines Alès - ERT (ERT), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), PHYSE: Pathogènes Hydriques, Santé, Sociétés (PHYSE ), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Citrus Research International, and Partenaires INRAE
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], animal structures, fungi
Abstract: International audience; The most common resistance to Cydia pomonella Granulovirus in codling moth is the type I resistance, that results in a complete arrest of CpGV-Mexican isolate replication in all cells of resistant larvae. This arrest can be overcome by supplying CpGV-R5, a virus isolate able to replicate in such resistant larvae. Sequential ingestion of the two virus genotypes yields different results in function of the order of ingestion. Experiments were carried out with virus doses high enough to ensure about 80% mortality of larvae with CpGV-R5, and equal amounts of CpGV-M. No CpGV-M replication was observed when this virus was provided first, while double infections were detected if CpGV-R5 was supplied prior to CpGV-M. The delay between ingestion of the two viruses (30 to 240 minutes) did not influence the frequency of double infections. Cryptophlebia pestaltica nucleopolyhedrovirus (CrpeNPV) efficiently replicates in codling moth larvae, susceptible or resistant to CpGV-M replication. Mixed infections can be obtained by feeding susceptible larvae with CpGV-M and CrpeNPV or with CpGV-R5 and CrpeNPV, or by feeding resistant larvae with mixtures of CpGV-R5 and CrpeNPV. However, unlike CpGV-R5, CrpeNPV is not able to lift the restriction on CpGV-M replication in resistant larvae, indicating that the mechanism involved in resistance is specific.
Published: 2021

27. Prey and predator density‐dependent interactions under different water volumes

Author: Olaf L. F. Weyl, Ryan J. Wasserman, Arnaud Sentis, Tatenda Dalu, Amanda Callaghan, Ross N. Cuthbert, Jaimie T. A. Dick, P. William Froneman, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institute for Global Food Security [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF), University of Mpumalanga (UMP), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Biological Sciences [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), Department for the Economy, Northern Ireland, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, National Research Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 117700 and 110507, and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, zooplankton, Population, Functional response, consumer– resource, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Daphnia pulex, Zooplankton, Predation, 03 medical and health sciences, multiple predator effects, functional response, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, education, Predator, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Original Research, consumer–resource, Abiotic component, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, antagonism, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ZABR, temporary pond
Abstract: Predation is a critical ecological process that directly and indirectly mediates population stabilities, as well as ecosystem structure and function. The strength of interactions between predators and prey may be mediated by multiple density dependences concerning numbers of predators and prey. In temporary wetland ecosystems in particular, fluctuating water volumes may alter predation rates through differing search space and prey encounter rates. Using a functional response approach, we examined the influence of predator and prey densities on interaction strengths of the temporary pond specialist copepod Lovenula raynerae preying on cladoceran prey, Daphnia pulex, under contrasting water volumes. Further, using a population dynamic modeling approach, we quantified multiple predator effects across differences in prey density and water volume. Predators exhibited type II functional responses under both water volumes, with significant antagonistic multiple predator effects (i.e., antagonisms) exhibited overall. The strengths of antagonistic interactions were, however, enhanced under reduced water volumes and at intermediate prey densities. These findings indicate important biotic and abiotic contexts that mediate predator–prey dynamics, whereby multiple predator effects are contingent on both prey density and search area characteristics. In particular, reduced search areas (i.e., water volumes) under intermediate prey densities could enhance antagonisms by heightening predator–predator interference effects., Predator and prey densities are variable spatiotemporally across all habitat types globally. Our results indicate that predatory interaction strengths differ depending on densities of both predator and prey participants, with antagonistic multiple predator effects enhanced at intermediate prey densities. Future habitat changes resulting from anthropogenic activity that alter communities could have marked implications for trophic dynamics.
Published: 2021

28. Dynamic Response of Ionospheric Plasma Density to the Geomagnetic Storm of 22‐23 June 2015

Author: Geoff Crowley, Endawoke Yizengaw, Victoria N. Coffey, John‐Bosco Habarulema, O. F. Jonah, Andrew Gisler, Chigomezyo M. Ngwira, Elvira Astafyeva, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Catholic University of America, South African National Space Agency (SANSA), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), MIT Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), and National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) United States Department of DefenseAir Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) NSF CEDAR Grant AGS-1651268National Research Foundation - South Africa112090NASA LWS grant NNX15AB83GNational Science Foundation (NSF)
Subjects: Geomagnetic storm, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Total electron content, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], TEC, total electron content, traveling ionospheric disturbances, Magnetosphere, Storm, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], ionospheric storms, penetration electric fields, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Dynamo theory, Ionosphere, Interplanetary spaceflight, and neutral winds, Geology, high-latitude injection, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; On 21-22 June 2015, three consecutive interplanetary shocks slammed into the Earth's magnetosphere. Immediately after the third shock at 18:36 UT on 22 June, marked by an exceptional sudden storm commencement with an amplitude of Delta SYM-H = similar to 106 nT, a major geomagnetic storm commenced. In the present study, a multi-instrument approach comprising observations, data analysis, and modeling is used to examine the global ionospheric response. Results show that enhanced storm time processes produced major total electron content (TEC) variations at different latitudes, longitudes, and phases of the storm. A closer inspection of the TEC observations reveals strong longitudinal and hemispherical asymmetry. In addition, multiple equatorward and poleward propagating traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) were detected in the TEC data. Equatorward propagating TIDs are consistent with vertical neutral winds simulated from Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model; however, poleward TIDs were not reproduced in the model. We find that a combination of driving processes including enhanced high-latitude injection, prompt penetration electric fields, disturbance dynamo effect, neutral winds, and composition changes were acting at different stages of the storm
Published: 2019

29. Dynamics of oceanic iron prior to the Great Oxygenation Event

Author: John Foden, Francis Albarède, Janne Blichert-Toft, Emmanuelle Albalat, Harilaos Tsikos, Fanny Thibon, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Proterozoic, Great Oxygenation Event, Archean, Geochemistry, Weathering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Early Earth, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Precambrian, Geophysics, chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Carbonate, Banded iron formation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We report Fe isotope compositions in banded iron formations (BIF) from three cores from the pre-GOE Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, and one core from the pre-GOE Joffre Member of the Hamersley Group, Australia. The low abundances of detrital elements such as Al, Ti, Sc, and V suggest that these BIF were deposited in distal positions with respect to Precambrian continents, while the very low P abundances are incompatible with strong biological productivity at these localities. A combination of U–Pb chronology and cobalt accumulation rates is used to establish a high-resolution time scale and deduce chemical fluxes. The e-folding time of δ 56 Fe variations up stratigraphy is used to determine Fe oceanic residence times and Fe concentrations as well as the dissolved carbonate content of Early Proterozoic seas. Iron oceanic residence times increased from 0.2 to 2.3 Ma during the time interval between 2521 and 2394 Ma covered by the present cores, translating into ocean Fe concentrations increasing from 6.4 to 37 mmol kg−1. Massive BIF precipitation was triggered by release of CO2 into the atmosphere and subsequent surges of alkalinity into the ocean due to the weathering of large subaerial volcanic systems. We argue that a suitable electron acceptor for Fe2+ oxidation to magnetite is the inorganic conversion of CO2 (or dissolved inorganic carbon) to CH4. In the process, H+ is produced, which is reinjected into oceanic hydrothermal systems liberating Fe2+. The couple Fe2+-magnetite may, in the Archean, have played the same buffering role as the couple Ca2+-calcite plays today. Massive injection of methane into the atmosphere would accompany BIF deposition and make the early Earth similar to modern Titan. Therefore, although biological processes may have assisted iron oxidation and precipitation, they are not a prerequisite for BIF deposition.
Published: 2019

30. Plastic leachates: Bridging the gap between a conspicuous pollution and its pernicious effects on marine life

Author: Delaeter, Camille, Spilmont, Nicolas, Bouchet, Vincent M.P., Seuront, Laurent, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Department of Zoology and Entomology, and Rhodes University, Grahamstown
Subjects: Aquatic Organisms, Environmental Engineering, Polymers, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Plastics, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: With 4 to 12 million tons of plastic entering the marine environment each year, plastic pollution has become one of the most ubiquitous sources of pollution of the Anthropocene threatening the marine environment. Beyond the conspicuous physical damages, plastics may release a cocktail of harmful chemicals, i.e. monomers, additives and persistent organic pollutants. Although known to be highly toxic, plastic leachates seemingly appear, however, as the "somewhat sickly child" of the plastic pollution literature. We reviewed the only 26 studies investigating the impact of plastic leachates on marine microbes and invertebrates, and concluded that the observed effects essentially depend on the species, polymer type, plastic composition, accumulated contaminants and weathering processes. We identified several gaps that we believe may hamper progress in this emerging area of research and discussed how they could be bridged to further our understanding of the effects of the compounds released by plastic items on marine organisms. We first stress the lack of a consensus on the use of the term 'leachate', and subsequently introduce the concepts of primary and secondary leachates, based on the intrinisic or extrinsic origin of the products released in bulk seawater. We discuss how methodological inconsistencies and the discrepancy between the polymers used in experiments and their abundance in the environment respectively limit comparison between studies and a comprehensive assessment of the effects leachate may actually have in the ocean. We also discuss how the imbalanced in the variety of both organisms and polymers considered, the mostly unrealistic concentrations used in laboratory experiments, and the lack of investigation on key ecosystem engineers may considerably narrow the spectrum of our understanding of the plastic leachates' effects. We finally discuss how increasing multi-disciplinarity through collaborations between different research fields may benefit to an area of research which is still in its early infancy.
Published: 2022

31. The ADHI dataset: African Database of Hydrometric Indices: new perspectives for African hydrology studies

Author: Rouché, Nathalie, Tramblay, Yves, Paturel, J.-E., Mahe, Gil, Boyer, Jean-François, Amoussou, Ernest, Bodian, Ansoumana, Dacosta, Honoré, Dakhlaoui, Hamouda, Dezetter, A., Hughes, Denis, Hanich, Lahoucine, Peugeot, Christophe, Tshimanga, Raphael, Lachassagne, Patrick, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Parakou (UP), Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal (UGB), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), University of Tunis El Manar, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), and European Geosciences Union
Subjects: [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology
Abstract: Poster réalisé par l'Institut de recherche pour le développement et le laboratoire Hydrosciences Montpellier; International audience; At the African scale, there is a lack of coordination for hydrological data collection and dissemination : hydrological data is often scattered, heterogeneous or incomplete Numerous public, semi-public and private organizations produce and manage data, but often they do not have the resources to exchange, standardize, summarize and apitalize on the data they generate There is not enough partnership between the national hydrological services, in many countries licensing issues prevent the distribution of the data collected. There is also a more general problem of a widespread reluctance to share information There is need to develop links between data producers and users to reinforce capacities for accessing, processing and take benefit from existing data.As a consequence, the African continent is largely under-represented in global scale studies.
Published: 2021

32. Synergistic effects of temperature and plant quality, on development time, size and lipid in Eccritotarsus eichhorniae

Author: Loulou Albittar, Mohannad Ismail, Margot Brooks, Joan van Baaren, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Rhodes University, South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation of South AfricaNational Research Foundation - South Africa, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, biology, business.industry, fungi, interaction, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, absolute energy demand, size, Biotechnology, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Insect Science, mirid, Biological dispersal, Plant quality, business, dispersal, Agronomy and Crop Science, Eccritotarsus, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Body size is an important biotic factor in evolutionary ecology, since it affects all aspects of insect physiology, life history and, consequently, fitness in ectothermic insects and how species adapt with their environment. It has been linked to temperature, with lower temperatures resulting in larger size. In this study, we tested the combined impact of temperature and plant quality on the body size, and development time from egg to adult of Eccritotarsus eichhorniae (Hemiptera: Miridae), an herbivorous insect used as a biological control agent against the invasive aquatic weed, water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae). We quantified insect size in individuals exposed to three temperatures (20, 25 and 30 degrees C) combined with three qualities of host plant (high, medium and low) by calculating development time and measuring four traits: tibia length, forewing length, dry body mass and lipid content, and we also determined the wing loading index. The development time, dry body mass and lipid content decreased linearly with increasing temperature and decreasing plant quality. The decrease in size was the greatest when high temperature interacted with low plant quality. Smaller individuals had proportionately less lipid content. Wing loading decreased significantly with lower quality of host plant, resulting in individuals likely to have theoretically higher flight ability. The results support the temperature-size rule (TSR) and that plant quality could influence the relationship between development time and the TSR. Results also provide novel evidence for a possible food quality-size rule for both sexes.
Published: 2021

33. Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species

Author: Ryan J. Wasserman, Andrew M. Kramer, Jane A. Catford, Christophe Diagne, Melina Kourantidou, Ross N. Cuthbert, Boris Leroy, Phillip J. Haubrock, Zarah Pattison, Tatenda Dalu, Elena Angulo, Rodolphe E. Gozlan, César Capinha, Franck Courchamp, Laura N. H. Verbrugge, Nigel G. Taylor, Franz Essl, Danish A. Ahmed, David Renault, Elizabeta Briski, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Aalto University, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), King‘s College London, University of Melbourne, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF), University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of South Bohemia, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum [Frankfurt], Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, The authors acknowledge the French National Research Agency (ANR-14-CE02-0021) and the BNP-Paribas Foundation Climate Initiative for funding the InvaCost project that allowed the construction of the InvaCost database. The present work was conducted following a workshop funded by the AXA Research Fund Chair of Invasion Biology and is part of the AlienScenarios project funded by BiodivERsA and Belmont-Forum call 2018 on biodiversity scenarios. RNC is funded through a Humboldt Research Fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. DAA is funded by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) (PR1914SM-01) and the Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST) internal seed fund (187092). CD was funded by the BiodivERsA-Belmont Forum Project AlienScenarios (BMBF/PT DLR 01LC1807C). EA was funded by the AXA Research Fund Chair of Invasion Biology of University Paris Saclay. CC was supported by Portuguese National Funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (CEECIND/02037/2017, UIDB/00295/2020 and UIDP/00295/2020). TD acknowledges funding from National Research Foundation (NRF_ZA) (Grant Number: 117700). FE appreciates funding by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF project no I 4011-B32). AMK was supported by the NSF Macrosystems Biology program under grant 1834548. DR thanks InEE-CNRS who supports the French national network Biological Invasions (Groupement de Recherche InvaBio, 2014–2022)., ANR-14-CE02-0021,InvaCosts,Insectes envahissants et leurs couts pour la biodiversité, l'économie et la santé humaine(2014), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Department of Forest Sciences, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, University of Helsinki, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Newcastle University, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Water and Environmental Eng., Gulf University for Science and Technology, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Universidade de Lisboa, King’s College London, University of Mpumalanga, University of Vienna, Université de Montpellier, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of South Florida, Universite de Rennes, Rhodes University, Department of Built Environment, and Aalto-yliopisto
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, ERADICATION, Biodiversity, Distribution (economics), Introduced species, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, THREATS, Ecosystem services, Economic cost, DRIVERS, freshwater, Waste Management and Disposal, RISK, SCIENCE, Pollution, Monetary impact, Geography, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, brackish, 511 Economics, Brackish, monetary impact, InvaCost, Environmental Engineering, Resource (biology), Asia, Freshwater, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Ecosystem, LAKE VICTORIA, 14. Life underwater, habitat biases, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Marine, business.industry, marine, 15. Life on land, ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS, PREVENTION, 13. Climate action, Habitat biases, Africa, North America, Damages, BIODIVERSITY, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Introduced Species
Abstract: Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%), and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages.
Published: 2021

34. The infrared-radio correlation of star-forming galaxies is strongly M⋆-dependent but nearly redshift-invariant since z ∼ 4

Author: I. Delvecchio, E. Daddi, M. T. Sargent, M. J. Jarvis, D. Elbaz, S. Jin, D. Liu, I. H. Whittam, H. Algera, R. Carraro, C. D’Eugenio, J. Delhaize, B. S. Kalita, S. Leslie, D. Cs. Molnár, M. Novak, I. Prandoni, V. Smolčić, Y. Ao, M. Aravena, F. Bournaud, J. D. Collier, S. M. Randriamampandry, Z. Randriamanakoto, G. Rodighiero, J. Schober, S. V. White, G. Zamorani, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Milano (OAM), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex, Oxford Astrophysics, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of the Western Cape, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Departamento de Astrofísica [La laguna], Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Universidad de Valparaiso [Chile], University of Cape Town, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto di Radioastronomia [Bologna] (IRA), University of Zagreb, Universita degli Studi di Padova, EPFL Laboratoire d’astrophysique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 788679, European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 694343), Support from the ERC Advanced Grant 740246 (Cosmic Gas), National Research Foundation (NRF), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Universiteit Leiden, and Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd)
Subjects: Field (physics), Stellar mass, Infrared, galaxies: star formation, radio continuum: galaxies, infrared: galaxies, galaxies: active, galaxies: evolution, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - astrophysics of galaxies, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Luminous infrared galaxy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Several works in the past decade have used the ratio between total (rest 8-1000$\mu$m) infrared and radio (rest 1.4~GHz) luminosity in star-forming galaxies (q$_{IR}$), often referred to as the "infrared-radio correlation" (IRRC), to calibrate radio emission as a star formation rate (SFR) indicator. Previous studies constrained the evolution of q$_{IR}$ with redshift, finding a mild but significant decline, that is yet to be understood. For the first time, we calibrate q$_{IR}$ as a function of \textit{both} stellar mass (M$_{\star}$) and redshift, starting from an M$_{\star}$-selected sample of $>$400,000 star-forming galaxies in the COSMOS field, identified via (NUV-r)/(r-J) colours, at redshifts 0.1$, Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 22 pages + Appendices. 24 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2021

35. Extreme philopatry and genetic diversification at unprecedented scales in a seabird

Author: Christopher D. McQuaid, M. Le Corre, D. K. Danckwerts, Laurence Humeau, Patrick Pinet, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Parc national de La Réunion, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (T.A.A.F.), Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, This study is a production of the European project LIFE+ Petrels (Grant Number: LIFE13 BIO/FR/000075) co-driven by Le Parc national de La Réunion, L’Université de La Réunion, La Société d’Etudes Ornithologiques de La Réunion, and L’Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, with the financial support of the European Union, La Direction de l’Environnement, de l’Aménagement et du Logement de la Réunion and Le Conseil Départemental de La Réunion, and additional support provided by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation (Grant Number 64801)., European Project: LIFE13 BIO/FR/000075, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Population dynamics, Science, Breeding, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Gene flow, Birds, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Genetic variation, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Alleles, Genetic diversification, Population Density, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Conservation biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Pterodroma baraui, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, Indian ocean, 030104 developmental biology, Genetics, Population, Spatial ecology, Medicine, Philopatry, Seabird
Abstract: Effective conservation requires maintenance of the processes underlying species divergence, as well as understanding species’ responses to episodic disturbances and long-term change. We explored genetic population structure at a previously unrecognized spatial scale in seabirds, focusing on fine-scale isolation between colonies, and identified two distinct genetic clusters of Barau’s Petrels (Pterodroma baraui) on Réunion Island (Indian Ocean) corresponding to the sampled breeding colonies separated by 5 km. This unexpected result was supported by long-term banding and was clearly linked to the species’ extreme philopatric tendencies, emphasizing the importance of philopatry as an intrinsic barrier to gene flow. This implies that loss of a single colony could result in the loss of genetic variation, impairing the species’ ability to adapt to threats in the long term. We anticipate that these findings will have a pivotal influence on seabird research and population management, focusing attention below the species level of taxonomic organization.
Published: 2021

36. The Pan-African School for Emerging Astronomers

Author: Nana Ama Browne Klutse, Margaret Ikape, Wolfgang Kerzendorf, Allison W. S. Man, Cheikh Tidiane Bop, Sarah Abotsi-Masters, R.N.C. Eze, Adaeze Ibik, Sudum Esaenwi, Anabele-Linda Pardi, Chukwujekwu Nworah Ofodum, Wesley Cheek, Kelly Lepo, Heidi A. White, Linda E. Strubbe, Bernard Duah Asabere, Jielai Zhang, Sara Webb, F. C. Odo, Meiling Deng, Johnson Ozoemena Urama, Daniel Odoh, Nnaemeka Dom Onyeuwaoma, Patrice M. Okouma, James O. Chibueze, Alison Rose, Bonaventure Okere, Thai Duy Cuong Nguyen, Lamiya Mowla, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Nigeria (UNN), Swinburne University of Technology [Melbourne], North-West University [South Aftrica] (NWU), University of Toronto, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Ghana Planetarium, Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PASEA is grateful to have received funding from the Office of Astronomy for Development, SKA South Africa (now SARAO), the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Toronto, the Centre for Basic Space Science (CBSS) and the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) in Nigeria, the Development in Africa with Radio Astronomy (DARA) project, the University of British Columbia, the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, the American Association of Physics Teachers, the Royal Society, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, the IAU Open Astronomy Schools project, and crowdfunding contributors., University of Nigeria, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pan african, 4. Education, Media studies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Critical mass (sociodynamics), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Political science, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Short course, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Pan-African School for Emerging Astronomers (PASEA) is an innovative short course for African university students, held by an African-led international collaboration. PASEA aims to build a critical mass of astronomers in Africa and exchange ideas about teaching across continents.
Published: 2021

37. The search for radio emission from the exoplanetary systems 55 Cancri, υ Andromedae, and τ Boötis using LOFAR beam-formed observations

Author: Joseph Lazio, J. Emilio Enriquez, Jake D. Turner, Laurent Lamy, Ray Jayawardhana, Jean-Mathias Grießmeier, Jonathan D. Nichols, Julien N. Girard, Baptiste Cecconi, Philippe Zarka, Imke de Pater, Cornell University [New York], Department of Astronomy [Charlottesville], University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of Leicester, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and University of Virginia
Subjects: planets and satellites, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, aurorae -planets and satellites, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Jupiter, gaseous planets, Planet, law, 0103 physical sciences, Maser, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, magnetic fields -radio continuum, Physics, Atmospheric escape, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, LOFAR, Planetary system, Exoplanet, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], planetary systems -magnetic fieldsplanet-star interactions -planets and satellites, Experimental High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Observing planetary auroral radio emission is the most promising method to detect exoplanetary magnetic fields, the knowledge of which will provide valuable insights into the planet's interior structure, atmospheric escape, and habitability. We present LOFAR-LBA circularly polarized beamformed observations of the exoplanetary systems 55 Cancri, $\upsilon$ Andromedae, and $\tau$ Bo\"{o}tis. We tentatively detect circularly polarized bursty emission from the $\tau$ Bo\"{o}tis system in the range 14-21 MHz with a flux density of $\sim$890 mJy and with a significance of $\sim$3$\sigma$. For this detection, no signal is seen in the OFF-beams, and we do not find any potential causes which might cause false positives. We also tentatively detect slowly variable circularly polarized emission from $\tau$ Bo\"{o}tis in the range 21-30 MHz with a flux density of $\sim$400 mJy and with a statistical significance of $>$8$\sigma$. The slow emission is structured in the time-frequency plane and shows an excess in the ON-beam with respect to the two simultaneous OFF-beams. Close examination casts some doubts on the reality of the slowly varying signal. We discuss in detail all the arguments for and against an actual detection. Furthermore, a $\sim$2$\sigma$ marginal signal is found from the $\upsilon$ Andromedae system and no signal is detected from the 55 Cancri system. Assuming the detected signals are real, we discuss their potential origin. Their source probably is the $\tau$ Bootis planetary system, and a possible explanation is radio emission from the exoplanet $\tau$ Bootis b via the cyclotron maser mechanism. Assuming a planetary origin, we derived limits for the planetary polar surface magnetic field strength, finding values compatible with theoretical predictions. Further low-frequency observations are required to confirm this possible first detection of an exoplanetary radio signal. [Abridged], Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A (Oct. 22, 2020). 29 pages (15 pgs main text), 17 figures, 8 tables, 10 appendices
Published: 2021

38. Quantifying the accuracy of shark bycatch estimations in tuna purse seine fisheries

Author: Laurent Dagorn, Bruno Leroy, Victor Restrepo, Kim N. Holland, Igor Sancristobal, David Itano, Melanie Hutchinson, John D. Filmalter, Fabien Forget, Jeff Muir, Udane Martinez, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Fishing, Crew, Pelagic zone, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Shark, 01 natural sciences, Commercial fishing, Fishery, Bycatch, Ecosystem monitoring, Geography, Vulnerable species, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Tuna, Seine fishing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: WOS:000679270900003; International audience; Estimating bycatch is essential for monitoring the ecological impacts of a fishery in order to set management and mitigation priorities. Purse seine vessels targeting tropical tunas incidentally catch pelagic sharks (mainly silky and oceanic whitetip sharks), which are brought onboard and can be observed on the upper and lower decks. Currently, single onboard observers can only be efficiently stationed on one of the two decks, and thus often rely on information provided by the crew to complement their bycatch estimations. In this study, we used dedicated scientists strategically positioned during fishing sets in order to establish a reference count of captured sharks during conventional commercial fishing trips. We then assessed the accuracy of the counts made by (i) single observers onboard during the same fishing trips in the Pacific Ocean (where observers' main duty is to estimate catch of target species and bycatch estimation is of a lower priority) and the Atlantic Ocean (where observers' focus is on bycatch) and (ii) Electronic Monitoring System (EMS) in the Indian Ocean. A total of 74 fishing sets conducted during four purse seine fishing trips revealed that shark counts were underestimated for 50%-100% of the sets, with the mean shark count underestimation, at the fishing trip level, ranging from 9% to 40% (onboard observers) and 65% for EMS. Given the importance of monitoring populations of vulnerable species, we strongly encourage specific studies during which the complementary counts of two onboard observers are used simultaneously to assess the accuracy of various EMS configurations, bearing in mind that single onboard observers appear to underestimate the number of captured sharks.
Published: 2021

39. Foul-weather friends: Modelling thermal stress mitigation by symbiotic endolithic microbes in a changing environment

Author: Laurent Seuront, Christopher D. McQuaid, Andrew Want, Jonathan Monsinjon, Mauricio H. Oróstica, Louise B. Firth, Katy R. Nicastro, Gerardo I. Zardi, Seuront, Laurent, and Rhodes University, Grahamstown
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Environmental change, Endolith, Intertidal zone, Climate change, Friends, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, 03 medical and health sciences, Mutualism, Environmental Chemistry, Mussels, Animals, Humans, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, Biophysical model, Mytilus, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Thermal tolerance, Ecology, biology, Portugal, Global warming, biology.organism_classification, Scotland, 13. Climate action, Biodiversity & Conservation, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: Temperature extremes are predicted to intensify with climate change. These extremes are rapidly emerging as a powerful driver of species distributional changes with the capacity to disrupt the functioning and provision of services of entire ecosystems, particularly when they challenge ecosystem engineers. The subsequent search for a robust framework to forecast the consequences of these changes mostly ignores within-species variation in thermal sensitivity. Such variation can be intrinsic, but can also reflect species interactions. Intertidal mussels are important ecosystem engineers that host symbiotic endoliths in their shells. These endoliths unexpectedly act as conditionally beneficial parasites that enhance the host's resistance to intense heat stress. To understand how this relationship may be altered under environmental change, we examined the conditions under which it becomes advantageous by reducing body temperature. We deployed biomimetic sensors (robomussels), built using shells of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) that were or were not infested by endoliths, at nine European locations spanning a temperature gradient across 22 degrees of latitude (Orkney, Scotland to the Algarve, Portugal). Daily wind speed and solar radiation explained the maximum variation in the difference in temperature between infested and non-infested robomussels; the largest difference occurred under low wind speed and high solar radiation. From the robomussel data, we inferred body temperature differences between infested and non-infested mussels during known heatwaves that induced mass mortality of the mussel Mytilus edulis along the coast of the English Channel in summer 2018 to quantify the thermal advantage of endolith infestation during temperature extremes. Under these conditions, endoliths provided thermal buffering of between 1.7 degrees C and 4.8 degrees C. Our results strongly suggest that sustainability of intertidal mussel beds will increasingly depend on the thermal buffering provided by endoliths. More generally, this work shows that biomimetic models indicate that within-species thermal sensitivity to global warming can be modulated by species interactions, using an intertidal host-symbiont relationship as an example. Fundacao para a Ciencia e TecnologiaPortuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyEuropean Commission [UIDB/04326/2020]; National Research Foundation of South AfricaNational Research Foundation - South Africa [64801]; Department of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Science & Technology (India); National FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF); South African National Research FoundationNational Research Foundation - South Africa; French Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche; Hauts de France RegionRegion Hauts-de-France; European Funds for Regional Economical Development info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2021

40. Ultra-conserved elements and morphology reciprocally illuminate conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses in Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Author: Bonnie B. Blaimer, Simon Van Noort, Jean-Pierre Rossi, Gérard Delvare, Sariana Faure, Sujeevan Ratnasingham, Seán G. Brady, Marguerite Chartois, Astrid Cruaud, Jean-Yves Rasplus, Sabine Nidelet, Laure Sauné, Michael W. Gates, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Guelph, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Smithsonian Institution, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Department of Zoology and Entomology, South African Cultural History Museum of Cape Town, Iziko South African Museum, University of Cape Town, This work is part of a large NSF project led by John Heraty (UC Riverside USA), Jim Woolley (Texas A&M University USA) and Matt Yoder (University of Illinois USA) that attempts to solve the phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea with NGS approaches and was funded by the INRA SPE department (recurrent funding to JYR and AC)., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, systematic bias, Phylogénie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Tree of life, Morphology (biology), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, topological conflict, 03 medical and health sciences, morphology, Animals, Supermatrix, Chalcididae, Conserved Sequence, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Base Composition, Likelihood Functions, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Missing data, L10 - Génétique et amélioration des animaux, Biological Evolution, Hymenoptera, Divergent evolution, Tree (data structure), Ultra Conserved Elements, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Genetic Techniques, morphologie, Evolutionary biology
Abstract: Fastq paired reads for analyzed samples are available as a NCBI Sequence Read Archive (ID#PRJNA606284). Custom script to detect cross-contamination is available from https://github.com/DNAdiversity/UCE-Cross-Contamination-Check.Datasets (morphological matrix, concatenated UCEs) and trees have been uploaded on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666638).; International audience; Recent technical advances combined with novel computational approaches have promised the acceleration of our understanding of the tree of life. However, when it comes to hyperdiverse and poorly known groups of invertebrates, studies are still scarce. As published phylogenies will be rarely challenged by future taxonomists, careful attention must be paid to potential analytical bias. We present the first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the family Chalcididae, a group of parasitoid wasps, with a representative sampling (144 ingroups and seven outgroups) that covers all described subfamilies and tribes, and 82% of the known genera. Analyses of 538 Ultra-Conserved Elements (UCEs) with supermatrix (RAxML and IQTREE) and gene tree reconciliation approaches (ASTRAL, ASTRID) resulted in highly supported topologies in overall agreement with morphology but reveal conflicting topologies for some of the deepest nodes. To resolve these conflicts, we explored the phylogenetic tree space with clustering and gene genealogy interrogation methods, analyzed marker and taxon properties that could bias inferences and performed a thorough morphological analysis (130 characters encoded for 40 taxa representative of the diversity). This joint analysis reveals that UCEs enable attainment of resolution between ancestry and convergent/divergent evolution when morphology is not informative enough, but also shows that a systematic exploration of bias with different analytical methods and a careful analysis of morphological features is required to prevent publication of artifactual results. We highlight a GC content bias for maximum-likelihood approaches, an artifactual mid-point rooting of the ASTRAL tree and a deleterious effect of high percentage of missing data (>85% missing UCEs) on gene tree reconciliation methods. Based on the results we propose a new classification of the family into eight subfamilies and ten tribes that lay the foundation for future studies on the evolutionary history of Chalcididae.
Published: 2021

41. Fast and Reliable Identification of Ammonia Phylotypes T1, T2 and T6 Using a Stereomicroscope:Implication for Large-Scale Ecological Surveys and Monitoring Programs

Author: Jean-Charles Pavard, Julien Richirt, Lucie Courcot, Pascal Bouchet, Laurent Seuront, Vincent M. P. Bouchet, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 [LOG], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] [LPG], Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology [TUMSAT], Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), and Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT)
Subjects: phylotypes, Ammonia, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Geography, Planning and Development, benthic foraminifera, Hydraulic engineering, Aquatic Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Biochemistry, taxonomy, stereomicroscope, TC1-978, TD201-500, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Among benthic foraminifera, the genus Ammonia is characterized by high morphological variability which makes it particularly challenging to recognize using traditional morphology-based taxonomy. Despite the joint efforts made by both molecular and morphological taxonomists, it is still hard to identify different phylotypes based on their morphology. A new method was developed recently to discriminate three NE Atlantic phylotypes of Ammonia (T1, T2, and T6). This method is based on two morphometrical parameters using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images (i.e., the average pore diameter and the elevation of sutures on the spiral side), resulting individuals being correctly assigned to their phylotype in more than 90% of cases. In this study, we assess the possibility of implementing these criteria using a stereomicroscope. Phylotype assignations by SEM and stereomicroscopic identifications are in accordance for 62.6% of the scrutinized foraminifera and increase up to 79.5% when only the phylotype T6 is considered. Though the stereomicroscopic identification of Ammonia phylotypes based on these two morphological parameters needs to be cross-validated using molecular tools, this approach noticeably allows the identification of an individual 3 to 7 times faster than using a SEM. The ratio between accuracy and efficiency, an issue that is also attributable to the use of the rose Bengal staining method, suggests prioritizing the use of stereomicroscope identifications in large foraminiferal surveys. Finally, in the context that Ammonia phylotype T6 potentially being an alien species in Europe, this method will help to quickly identify Ammonia phylotypes; hence contributing to monitor the presence of T6 in different regions and then, offering interesting research perspectives to assess the timing and/or the progression of the possible invasion.
Published: 2021

42. Observational cosmology using characteristic numerical relativity

Author: Bishop, N [Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140 (South Africa)]
Published: 2010
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43. Pulsars with NenuFAR: backend and pipelines

Author: Cyril Tasse, A. Possenti, Serge Yerin, Siyuan Chen, L. Bondonneau, C. Viou, M. Serylak, G. Shaifullah, Richard Dallier, J. W. McKee, Z. Wu, Julien N. Girard, Baptiste Cecconi, J.-M. Grießmeier, V. I. Kondratiev, M. Tagger, L. Guillemot, M. Brionne, Maura Pilia, R. A. Main, A. Loh, Ismaël Cognard, P. Zarka, Joris P. W. Verbiest, Caterina Tiburzi, Lilian Martin, Carine Briand, Stephane Corbel, A. V. Bilous, G. Theureau, Olaf Wucknitz, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Bondonneau, L, Griessmeier, J, Theureau, G, Cognard, I, Brionne, M, Kondratiev, V, Bilous, A, Mckee, J, Zarka, P, Viou, C, Guillemot, L, Chen, S, Main, R, Pilia, M, Possenti, A, Serylak, M, Shaifullah, G, Tiburzi, C, Verbiest, J, Wu, Z, Wucknitz, O, Yerin, S, Briand, C, Cecconi, B, Corbel, S, Dallier, R, Girard, J, Loh, A, Martin, L, Tagger, M, Tasse, C, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 4/3, 01 natural sciences, frequency: high, Radio telescope, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, Observatory, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, site, Instrumentation (computer programming), structure, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), pulsar, Physics, radio wave, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Crab Pulsar, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, resolution, Astronomy and Astrophysics, LOFAR, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), sensitivity, coherence, observatory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, frequency: low, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], dispersion, methods: observational, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, performance, Radio wave
Abstract: NenuFAR (New extension in Nan\c{c}ay upgrading LoFAR) is a new radio telescope developed and built on the site of the Nan\c{c}ay Radio Observatory. It is designed to observe the largely unexplored frequency window from 10 to 85\,MHz, offering a high sensitivity across its full bandwidth. NenuFAR has started its "early science" operation in July 2019, with 58\% of its final collecting area being available. Pulsars are one of the major topics for the scientific exploitation of this frequency range and represent an important challenge in terms of instrumentation. Designing instrumentation at these frequencies is complicated by the need to compensate for the effects of both the interstellar medium and the ionosphere on the observed signal. Our real-time pipeline LUPPI (Low frequency Ultimate Pulsar Processing Instrumentation) is able to cope with a high data rate and to provide real-time coherent de-dispersion down to the lowest frequencies reached by NenuFAR (10\,MHz). The full backend functionality is described, as well as the main pulsar observing modes (folded, single-pulse, waveform, and dynamic spectrum). This instrumentation allowed us to detect 172 pulsars in our first targeted search below 85\,MHz, including 10 millisecond pulsars (6 of which detected for the first time below 100 MHz). We also present some of the "early science" results of NenuFAR on pulsars: a high frequency resolution mapping of PSR B1919$+$21's emission profile and a detailed observation of single-pulse sub-structures from PSR~B0809$+$74 down to 16\,MHz, the high rate of giant-pulse emission from the Crab pulsar detected at 68.7\,MHz (43 events/min), and the illustration of the very good timing performance of the instrumentation, allowing us to study dispersion measure variations in great detail., Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, submitted to A&A
Published: 2020

44. Benthic foraminifera to assess ecological quality statuses: The case of salmon fish farming

Author: Noémie Baux, Laurent Seuront, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Noémie Deldicq, Vincent M.P. Bouchet, Yann Méar, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fish farming, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Foraminifera, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Set-aside, Environmental monitoring, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biotic index, Fish aquaculture, chemistry.chemical_classification, English Channel, Ecology, biology, Benthic foraminifera, Macrofauna, Fish aquaculture, English Channel, Environmental monitoring, Benthic foraminifera, Biotic index, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Macrofauna, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: (IF 4.95; Q1); International audience; The “Rade de Cherbourg” (RdC, Cotentin) hosts the only marine salmon fish farm along the French coasts. High hydrodynamic regime would limit, there, organic matter (OM) accumulation directly under the cages, and enhance the transport of OM in the surrounding of the cages. This study was aiming at (1) monitoring the impact of a salmon fish farm on ecological quality statuses (EcoQs) of the RdC based on a benthic foraminiferal biotic index, (2) comparing EcoQs assessment results between foraminifera and macrofauna, and (3) in fine assessing the potential for benthic foraminifera to become an alternate biological quality element. In 2014 and 2015, bottom sediments of the RdC were sampled at 13 stations under and outside the farm for sedimentary (grain size and OM), and living foraminiferal and macrofaunal analyses. For benthic foraminifera, Exp(H’bc) was used to determine EcoQs, while H’, AMBI and BO2A indices were used for benthic macrofauna. Rank-frequency distributions (RFDs) were calculated for both groups. Ecological quality statuses based on foraminifera and macrofauna indicated a moderate degradation of the environmental conditions, shifting from excellent outside the farm to poor under the cages for foraminifera and from excellent to moderate for macrofauna. This study showed that benthic foraminifera are as reliable as macrofauna to assess EcoQs in the RdC. It offers interesting perspectives to monitor the health of marine systems based on benthic foraminifera. Furthermore, results obtained with RFDs suggested that this approach should be considered in the assessment of the good environmental status within the European marine strategic framework directive. Finally, diversity proved to be efficient in monitoring the health of the RdC, suggesting that it should not be set aside for the benefit of sensitivity-based indices.
Published: 2020

45. Conventional Machine Learning based on Feature Engineering for Detecting Pneumonia from Chest X-rays

Author: T. Ansah-Narh, Steve Djiokap, Emmanuel Proven-Adzri, Marcellin Atemkeng, Jaures Ebiele, and Rhodes University, Grahamstown
Subjects: Feature engineering, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, principal component analysis, Feature extraction, 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, supervised learning, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 03 medical and health sciences, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, medicine, Data dimensionality reduction, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, feature extraction, Supervised learning, Principal (computer security), chest X-rays, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, Explained variation, 3. Good health, Principal component analysis, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract: International audience; Chest X-ray is the standard approach used to diagnose pneumonia and other chest diseases. Early diagnosis of the disease is very relevant in the life of people, but analyzing X-ray images can be complicated and needs the competence of a radiographer. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of detecting the disease in chest X-rays using conventional machine learning classifiers. The principal component analysis is used for the data dimensionality reduction and features extraction then the extracted features are used to train several model classifiers. We obtained an accuracy of 90 %, using 95 % of the principal explained variance.
Published: 2020

46. Influence of intra‐ and interspecific variation in predator–prey body size ratios on trophic interaction strengths

Author: Cuthbert, Ross, Wasserman, Ryan, Dalu, Tatenda, Kaiser, Horst, Weyl, Olaf, Dick, Jaimie, Sentis, Arnaud, Mccoy, Michael, Alexander, Mhairi, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE FOR AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY MAKHANDA ZAF, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), East Carolina University [Greenville] (ECU), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of the West of Scotland (UWS), and National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF)
Subjects: size‐scaling, context-dependency, Bluegill, functional response, size-scaling, tilapia, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, context‐dependency, largemouth bass, piscivory, interaction strength
Abstract: International audience; Predation is a pervasive force that structures food webs and directly influences ecosystem functioning. The relative body sizes of predators and prey may be an important determinant of interaction strengths. However, studies quantifying the combined influence of intra‐ and interspecific variation in predator–prey body size ratios are lacking. We use a comparative functional response approach to examine interaction strengths between three size classes of invasive bluegill and largemouth bass toward three scaled size classes of their tilapia prey. We then quantify the influence of intra‐ and interspecific predator–prey body mass ratios on the scaling of attack rates and handling times. Type II functional responses were displayed by both predators across all predator and prey size classes. Largemouth bass consumed more than bluegill at small and intermediate predator size classes, while large predators of both species were more similar. Small prey were most vulnerable overall; however, differential attack rates among prey were emergent across predator sizes. For both bluegill and largemouth bass, small predators exhibited higher attack rates toward small and intermediate prey sizes, while larger predators exhibited greater attack rates toward large prey. Conversely, handling times increased with prey size, with small bluegill exhibiting particularly low feeding rates toward medium–large prey types. Attack rates for both predators peaked unimodally at intermediate predator–prey body mass ratios, while handling times generally shortened across increasing body mass ratios. We thus demonstrate effects of body size ratios on predator–prey interaction strengths between key fish species, with attack rates and handling times dependent on the relative sizes of predator–prey participants. Considerations for intra‐ and interspecific body size ratio effects are critical for predicting the strengths of interactions within ecosystems and may drive differential ecological impacts among invasive species as size ratios shift.
Published: 2020

47. Integrated Landscape Change Analysis of Protected Areas and their Surrounding Landscapes: Application in the Brazilian Cerrado

Author: Bellón, Beatriz, Blanco, Julien, de Vos, Alta, de O. Roque, Fabio, Pays, Olivier, Renaud, Pierre-Cyril, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG-Angers), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS)
Subjects: NDVI-based landscape metrics, conservation units, land use and land cover change, vegetation dynamics, Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, landscape approach, interface areas, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Remote sensing tools have been long used to monitor landscape dynamics inside and around protected areas. Hereto, scientists have largely relied on land use and land cover (LULC) data to derive indicators for monitoring these dynamics, but these metrics do not capture changes in the state of vegetation surfaces that may compromise the ecological integrity of conservation areas’ landscapes. Here, we introduce a methodology that combines LULC change estimates with three Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-based proxy indicators of vegetation productivity, phenology, and structural change. We illustrate the utility of this methodology through a regional and local analysis of the landscape dynamics in the Cerrado Biome in Brazil in 2001 and 2016. Despite relatively little natural vegetation loss inside core protected areas and their legal buffer zones, the different indicators revealed significant LULC conversions from natural vegetation to farming land, general productivity loss, homogenization of natural forests, significant agricultural expansion, and a general increase in productivity. These results suggest an overall degradation of habitats and intensification of land use in the studied conservation area network, highlighting serious conservation inefficiencies in this region and stressing the importance of integrated landscape change analyses to provide complementary indicators of ecologically-relevant dynamics in these key conservation areas.
Published: 2020

48. The in Vitro Antiplasmodial and Antiproliferative Activity of New Ferrocene-Based α-Aminocresols Targeting Hemozoin Inhibition and DNA Interaction

Author: Heinrich C. Hoppe, Tarryn Swart, Setshaba D. Khanye, Laura M. K. Dingle, Dustin Laming, Adrienne L. Edkins, Christophe Biot, Devon Cash, Mziyanda Mbaba, Jo-Anne de la Mare, Dale Taylor, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, University of Cape Town, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lille, CNRS, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576, and Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF]
Subjects: Hemeproteins, Cell Survival, Metallocenes, Plasmodium falciparum, Antineoplastic Agents, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Antimalarials, Cresols, breast cancer, Cell Line, Tumor, Organometallic Compounds, Molecule, Humans, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, hemozoin inhibition, Ferrous Compounds, Aminocresols, DNA interactions, ferrocene, DNA, Fungal, Molecular Biology, Cell Proliferation, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Hemozoin, Organic Chemistry, Biological activity, biology.organism_classification, Combinatorial chemistry, In vitro, 0104 chemical sciences, Molecular Docking Simulation, chemistry, Ferrocene, Molecular Medicine, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, DNA, Conjugate
Abstract: International audience; The conjugation of organometallic complexes to known bioactive organic frameworks is a proven strategy revered for devising new drug molecules with novel modes of action. This approach holds great promise for the generation of potent drug leads in the quest for therapeutic chemotypes with the potential to overcome the development of clinical resistance. Herein, we present the in vitro antiplasmodial and antiproliferative investigation of ferrocenyl α‐aminocresol conjugates assembled by amalgamation of the organometallic ferrocene unit and an α‐aminocresol scaffold possessing antimalarial activity. The compounds pursued in the study exhibited higher toxicity towards the chemosensitive (3D7) and ‐resistant (Dd2) strains of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite than to the human HCC70 triple‐negative breast cancer cell line. Indication of cross‐resistance was absent for the compounds evaluated against the multi‐resistant Dd2 strain. Structure‐activity analysis revealed that the phenolic hydroxy group and rotatable σ bond between the α‐carbon and NH group of the α‐amino‐o‐cresol skeleton are crucial for the biological activity of the compounds. Spectrophotometric techniques and in silico docking simulations performed on selected derivatives suggest that the compounds show a dual mode of action involving hemozoin inhibition and DNA interaction via minor‐groove binding. Lastly, compound 9 a, identified as a possible lead, exhibited preferential binding for the plasmodial DNA isolated from 3D7 P. falciparum trophozoites over the mammalian calf thymus DNA, thereby substantiating the enhanced antiplasmodial activity of the compounds. The presented research demonstrates the strategy of incorporating organometallic complexes into known biologically active organic scaffolds as a viable avenue to fashion novel multimodal compounds with potential to counter the development drug resistance.
Published: 2020

49. Calling rhythm as a predictor of the outcome of vocal interactions: flight departure in pale-winged starling pairs

Author: Aline Giacalone, Martine Hausberger, Adrian J. F. Craig, Laurence Henry, Mariane Harmand, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Laboratoire International CNRS VOCOM, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Vocal communication, Vocal interactions, Sturnidae, Alarm signal, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Onychognathus nabouroup, Rhythm, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Animal species, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Communication, Pale-winged starling, Pair Bond, biology, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, General Medicine, Acoustics, biology.organism_classification, Outcome (probability), Preflight call, Starlings, Female, Vocalization, Animal, business, Decision-making
Abstract: International audience; Vocal communication plays an important role in the regulation of social interactions and the coordination of activities in many animal species. Synchrony is an essential part of the establishment and maintenance of pair bonds, but few reports have investigated decision-making at the pair level. We investigated temporal characteristics of call exchanges in pale-winged starlings (Onychognathus nabouroup) that could predict whether one, two, or neither members of a pair would take off. Our analysis of these interactions revealed that the overall rhythm of a call exchange, as well as the acceleration towards the end of an interaction, were significantly associated with the type of behavioural outcome. Faster rhythms were associated with higher probabilities that both birds would fly away. Our results confirm the findings of previous studies showing that higher rates of alarm calls indicate imminent departure and highlight the relationship between temporal features of vocal interactions and their outcome.
Published: 2020

50. On the move: New insights on the ecology and management of native and alien macrophytes

Author: Elisabeth M. Gross, Julie A. Coetzee, Paul D. Champion, Deborah Hofstra, Mary de Winton, Michael D. Netherland, Jason A. Ferrell, Jonas Schoelynck, John D. Madsen, Fleur E. Matheson, Tobias O. Bickel, Elisabeth S. Bakker, Sabine Hilt, Aquatic Ecology (AqE), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), Ecosystem management research group - ECOBE (Wilrijk, Belgium), University of Antwerp (UA), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Alien invasive aquatic plants, Ecology (disciplines), Biodiversity, Applied and fundamental ecology, Plant Science, Alien, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, Aquatic plant, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 14. Life underwater, Biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecosystem health, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, Restoration of macrophyte habitats, Plan_S-Compliant_NO, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Bio-indicator value, Macrophyte, Geography, 13. Climate action, international, Alien invasive aquatic plantsApplied and fundamental ecologyBiodiversityBio-indicator valueRestoration of macrophyte habitats
Abstract: International audience; Globally, freshwater ecosystems are under threat. The main threats come from catchment land-use changes, altered water regimes, eutrophication, invasive species, climate change and combinations of these factors. We need scientific research to respond to these challenges by providing solutions to halt the deterioration and improve the condition of our valuable freshwaters. This requires a good understanding of aquatic ecosystems, and the nature and scale of changes occurring. Macrophytes play a fundamental role in aquatic systems. They are sensitive indicators of ecosystem health, as they are affected by run-off from agricultural, industrial or urban areas. On the other hand, alien macrophytes are increasingly invading aquatic systems all over the world. Improving our knowledge on the ecology and management of both native and alien plants is indispensable to address threats to freshwaters in order to protect and restore aquatic habitats. The International Aquatic Plants Group (IAPG) brings together scientists and practitioners based at universities, research and environmental organisations around the world. The main themes of the 15th symposium 2018 in New Zealand were biodiversity and conservation, management, invasive species, and ecosystem response and restoration. This Virtual Special Issue provides a comprehensive review from the symposium, addressing the ecology of native macrophytes, including those of conservation concern, and highly invasive alien macrophytes, and the implications of management interventions. In this editorial paper, we highlight insights and paradigms on the ecology and management of native and alien macrophytes gathered during the meeting.
Published: 2020

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