Search

Regarding the rheological properties of fluids, certain nanoparticles can markedly modify the rheological behavior of low surface tension solutions by interacting with surfactant molecules. In this work, a low surface tension fluid with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride was prepared, and the silica nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed into it by ultrasonic dispersion. By adjusting the size, shape, and concentration of nanoparticles, the fluid behavior can be changed from Newtonian to non-Newtonian with finely tuned viscosity and characterized by a shear-thinning rheological behavior. In addition, this work explored how variations in environmental temperature and solution pH affect the rheological responses of the low surface tension suspension system. The experimental findings revealed that increasing the temperature substantially decreases the system's viscosity and induces a shear-thickening behavior. It is particularly significant that, under extreme pH conditions (either strongly acidic or alkaline), the viscosity of the nanoparticle suspensions was markedly enhanced at a particle concentration of 10 000 ppm. This interesting result coincided with a notable reduction in the zeta potential and an increase in the average particle size, suggesting an intensified aggregation of particles within the suspension system. A mechanism detailing the interaction between silica nanoparticles and surfactant micelles was proposed. This work indicates that the incorporation of nanoparticles into surfactant solutions offers a powerful approach to modulating fluid rheology across various conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bond line thickness (BLT) is an essential parameter of thermal conductive composite gels as the thermal interface material (TIM). Extensive research has been performed on designing next-generation TIMs with high thermal conductivity; however, it remains elusive how to link laboratory measurements and the theoretically predicted BLT. Here, we propose a new model to estimate BLT based on a rheological property, in which the TIM is assumed to be a simple power law fluid. To avoid the unrealistic situation of the BLT tending to zero, we introduce a decaying exponential function to describe the influence from fillers during the lid attach process and rebuild the force balance equation. Compared with previously reported models, the theoretical prediction BLT based on the proposed model is in good agreement with the experimental data. Our model has a guiding significance in predicting the BLT, which may help to optimize the thermal performance of TIMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, stress fluctuations in flowing and deformed materials are overlooked, with an obvious focus on average stresses in a continuum mechanical approximation. However, these fluctuations, often dismissed as "noise," hold the potential to provide direct insights into the material structure and its structure-stress coupling, uncovering detailed aspects of fluid transport and relaxation behaviors. Despite advancements in experimental techniques allowing for the visualization of these fluctuations, their significance remains largely untapped as modeling efforts continue to target Newtonian fluids within the confines of Gaussian noise assumptions. In the present work, a comparative analysis of stress fluctuations in two distinct microstructural models is carried out: the temporary network model and the hydrodynamic dumbbell model. Despite both models conforming to the upper convected Maxwell model at a macroscopic level, the temporary network model predicts non-Gaussian fluctuations. We find that stress fluctuations within the temporary network model exhibit more pronounced abruptness at the local scale, with only an enlargement of the control volume leading to a gradual Gaussian-like noise, diminishing the differences between the two models. These findings underscore the heightened sensitivity of fluctuating rheology to microstructural details and the microstructure–flow coupling, beyond what is captured by macroscopically averaged stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superadiabatic dynamical density functional theory (superadiabatic-DDFT) is a promising new method for the study of colloidal systems out-of-equilibrium. Within this approach, the viscous forces arising from interparticle interactions are accounted for in a natural way by explicitly treating the dynamics of the two-body correlations. For bulk systems subject to spatially homogeneous shear, we use the superadiabatic-DDFT framework to calculate the steady-state pair distribution function and the corresponding viscosity for low values of the shear-rate. We then consider a variant of the central approximation underlying this superadiabatic theory and obtain an inhomogeneous generalization of a rheological bulk theory due to Russel and Gast. This paper thus establishes for the first time a connection between DDFT approaches, formulated to treat inhomogeneous systems, and existing work addressing nonequilibrium microstructure and rheology in bulk colloidal suspensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the effects of shear rate and interface modeling parameters on the hydrodynamic slip length (LS) for water–graphite interfaces calculated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. Five distinct non-bonded solid–liquid interaction parameters were considered to assess their impact on LS. The interfacial force field derivations included sophisticated electronic structure calculation-informed and empirically determined parameters. All interface models exhibited a similar and bimodal LS response when varying the applied shear rate. LS in the low shear rate regime (LSR) is in good agreement with previous calculations obtained through equilibrium molecular dynamics. As the shear rate increases, LS sharply increases and asymptotes to a constant value in the high shear regime (HSR). It is noteworthy that LS in both the LSR and HSR can be characterized by the density depletion length, whereas solid–liquid adhesion metrics failed to do so. For all interface models, LHSR calculations were, on average, ∼28% greater than LLSR, and this slip jump was confirmed using the SPC/E and TIP4P/2005 water models. To address the LS transition from the LSR to the HSR, the viscosity of water and the interfacial friction coefficient were investigated. It was observed that in the LSR, the viscosity and friction coefficient decreased at a similar rate, while in the LSR-to-HSR transition, the friction coefficient decreased at a faster rate than the shear viscosity until they reached a new equilibrium, hence explaining the LS-bimodal behavior. This study provides valuable insights into the interplay between interface modeling parameters, shear rate, and rheological properties in understanding hydrodynamic slip behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We numerically investigate the dynamics and linear rheology of disordered systems made of patchy particles, focusing on the role of valence, temperature, and bonding mechanism. We demonstrate that the dynamics is enslaved to bonding, giving rise to an activated behavior at low temperatures. By independently computing the diffusion constant and the viscosity from the simulations, we also confirm the validity of the Stokes–Einstein relation in valence-limited systems, with two caveats: (i) the diffusion constant requires a finite-size correction, at least at the intermediate density we investigate, and (ii) there is the onset of a breakdown that appears at the lowest temperatures considered. Finally, our results show that the storage and loss moduli of mixtures of divalent and M-valent particles exhibit an apparent power-law dependence on frequency, hinting at the possibility of using the composition to finely tune the rheological response of these materials. Our results compare well with literature experimental data on valence-limited DNA nanostars. In addition, the wealth of data we present and analyze here will help develop and test theoretical frameworks aimed at describing the dynamics of flexible limited-valence particles that self-assemble into disordered networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large gas bubbles can reach the surface of pools of mud and lava where they burst, often through the formation and expansion of circular holes. Bursting bubbles release volatiles and generate spatter, and hence play a key role in volcanic degassing and volcanic edifice construction. Here, we study the ascent and rupture of bubbles using a combination of field observations at Pâclele Mici (Romania), laboratory experiments with mud from the Imperial Valley (California, USA), numerical simulations and theoretical models. Numerical simulations predict that bubbles ascend through the mud as elliptical caps that develop a dimple at the apex as they impinge on the free surface. We documented the rupture of bubbles in nature and under laboratory conditions using high-speed video. The bursting of mud bubbles starts with the nucleation of multiple holes, which form at a near-constant rate and in quick succession. The quasi-circular holes rapidly grow and coalesce, and the sheet evolves towards a filamentous structure that finally falls back into the mud pool, sometimes breaking up into droplets. The rate of expansion of holes in the sheet can be explained by a generalization of the Taylor-Culick theory, which is shown to hold independent of the fluid rheology.

Glutaronitrile (GN) doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) at concentrations below and above the room-temperature conductivity optimum near 1M of Li salt is investigated using dielectric spectroscopy and shear rheology. The experiments are carried out from ambient down to the glass transition temperature Tg, which increases considerably as LiTFSI is admixed to GN. As the temperature is lowered, the conductivity optimum shifts to lower salt concentrations, while the power-law exponents connecting resistivity and molecular reorientation time remain smallest for the 1M composition. By contrast, the rheologically detected time constants, as well as those obtained using dielectric spectroscopy, increase monotonically with increasing Li salt concentration for all temperatures. It is demonstrated that the shear mechanical measurements are, nevertheless, sensitive to the 1M conductivity optimum, thus elucidating the interplay of the dinitrile matrix with the mobile species. The data for the Li doped GN and other nitrile solvents all follow about the same Walden line, in harmony with their highly conductive character. The composition dependent relation between the ionic and the reorientational dynamics is also elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many microorganisms propel themselves through complex media by deforming their flagella. The beat is thought to emerge from interactions between forces of the surrounding fluid, the passive elastic response from deformations of the flagellum and active forces from internal molecular motors. The beat varies in response to changes in the fluid rheology, including elasticity, but there are limited data on how systematic changes in elasticity alter the beat. This work analyses a related problem with fixed-strength driving force: the emergence of beating of an elastic planar filament driven by a follower force at the tip of a viscoelastic fluid. This analysis examines how the onset of oscillations depends on the strength of the force and viscoelastic parameters. Compared to a Newtonian fluid, it takes more force to induce the instability in viscoelastic fluids, and the frequency of the oscillation is higher. The linear analysis predicts that the frequency increases with the fluid relaxation time. Using numerical simulations, the model predictions are compared with experimental data on frequency changes in the bi-flagellated alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The model shows the same trends in response to changes in both fluid viscosity and Deborah number and thus provides a possible mechanistic understanding of the experimental observations.

The adaptive mechanical properties of soft and fibrous biological materials are relevant to their functionality. The emergence of the macroscopic response of these materials to external stress and intrinsic cell traction from local deformations of their structural components is not well understood. Here, we investigate the nonlinear elastic behavior of blood clots by combining microscopy, rheology, and an elastic network model that incorporates the stretching, bending, and buckling of constituent fibrin fibers. By inhibiting fibrin cross-linking in blood clots, we observe an anomalous softening regime in the macroscopic shear response as well as a reduction in platelet-induced clot contractility. Our model explains these observations from two independent macroscopic measurements in a unified manner, through a single mechanical parameter, the bending stiffness of individual fibers. Supported by experimental evidence, our mechanics-based model provides a framework for predicting and comprehending the nonlinear elastic behavior of blood clots and other active biopolymer networks in general.

The rapid development of additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is driving innovations in both industry and academia. Direct ink writing (DIW), an extrusion-based 3D printing technology, can build 3D structures through the deposition of custom-made inks and produce devices with complex architectures, excellent mechanical properties, and enhanced functionalities. A paste-like ink is the key to successful printing. However, as new ink compositions have emerged, the rheological requirements of inks have not been well connected to printability, or the ability of a printed object to maintain its shape and support the weight of subsequent layers. In this review, we provide an overview of the rheological properties of successful DIW inks and propose a classification system based on ink composition. Factors influencing the rheology of different types of ink are discussed, and we propose a framework for describing ink printability using measures of rheology and print resolution. Furthermore, evolving techniques, including computational studies, high-throughput rheological measurements, machine learning, and materiomics, are discussed to illustrate the future directions of feedstock development for DIW. The goals of this review are to assess our current understanding of the relationship between rheological properties and printability, to point out specific challenges and opportunities for development, to provide guidelines to those interested in multi-material DIW, and to pave the way for more efficient, intelligent approaches for DIW ink development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of wire frame particles in concentrated suspension are studied by means of a 2D model and compared to those of rod-like particles. The wire frames have bent or branched structures constructed from infinitely thin, rigid rods. In the model, a particle is surrounded by diffusing points that it cannot cross. We derive a formal expression for the mean squared displacement (MSD) and, by using a self-consistent approximation, we find markedly different dynamics for wire frames and rods. For wire frames, there exists a critical concentration of points above which they become frozen with the long time MSD reaching a plateau. Rods, on the other hand, always diffuse by reptation. We also study the rheology through the elastic stress, and more striking differences are found: the initial magnitude of the stress for wire frames is much larger than for rods, scaling such as the square of the point concentration, and above the critical concentration, the stress for wire frames appears to persist indefinitely while for rods it always decays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thixotropic yield-stress fluids (TYSFs) are a unique class of materials whose properties are affected by both shear rate and shear history. When sheared, these materials undergo a transition from an elastic solid to a viscoelastic fluid, which is accompanied by a structural transition that slowly recovers upon the cessation of shear. The strong interdependence between structure, dynamics, and rheological properties in TYSFs make it challenging to identify the fundamental physics controlling these phenomena. In this study, we vary the ionic strength of a suspension of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) to generate model TYSFs with tunable moduli and thixotropic kinetics. We use a novel rheological protocol—serial creep divergence—to identify the physics underlying the yield transition and recovery of CNC gels. Our protocol identifies a critical transition that bifurcates the solid-like and fluid-like regimes of the gels to precisely determine the yield stress of these materials even in the presence of thixotropic effects. Additionally, the thixotropic kinetics collapse onto a single master curve, which we fit to a transient solution to a coupled diffusion–aggregation model. Our work thereby identifies the underlying physicochemical mechanisms driving yielding and thixotropic recovery in attractive colloidal gels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a water-soluble polymer, can be used to produce smoother surfaces and better dimensional accuracy when used as dissolvable supports during the printing of functional polymers like polylactic acid (PLA). This study investigates the printability of neat PVA using a large-diameter nozzle screw extruder 3D printer and the effect of printing parameters on inter-track voids and surface uniformity. This addresses the limitations of the long print times of current polymer additive manufacturing processes using a large-scale fused granulate fabrication (FGF) process. Using rheology tests, the extrusion temperature was identified, and following an experimental design and regression analysis, the optimum process parameters, among which are motor speed, layer height, and overlap percentage, are determined which achieved minimized void fraction and increased surface uniformity. With optimized parameters, the void fraction was reduced to 1.18%, and the bead height difference reduced to 0.316 mm. The tensile tests showed that the 3D-printed PVA had comparable tensile strengths to those of the FDM-printed and injection-molded PLA and ABS. Through tensile testing, the UTS of PVA produced in this study is measured to be 67.99 MPA, with mean elongation of 15.91%. This study show that PVA can be used as support or binding in the 3D printing of complex composites, benefiting from the water solubility feature of PVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the inclusion of magnesium silicate monohydrate (MSMH) crystal in MgO–SiO 2 mixes designed for extrusion-based 3D printing. Considering the adjustment and optimization of rheological properties are fundamental for the printability of cement pastes, the dynamic rheology, thixotropy and strength development of the prepared mixes were analyzed to characterize their fresh properties, workability, buildability, and mechanical performance. Furthermore, isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate the phase composition and microstructural evolution of the pastes, with and without the presence of MSMH. Addition of MSMH at 2 % of the binder component significantly enhanced the plastic viscosity, dynamic yield stress and thixotropy. Pastes incorporating 2 % MSMH exhibited excellent structural build-up without affecting extrudability, with a minimal strain deformation in the printed structure. The compressive strength of all pastes exceeded 20 MPa after 3 days, reaching ∼50 MPa at 28 days with 2 % MSMH inclusion. The introduction of MSMH improved the peak heat flow measured by isothermal calorimetry and enhanced the formation and growth of hydration products after 7 days of curing, resulting in a more compact microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces phthalic anhydride (P) and glycerol (G)‐based polyester as an additive for upgrading lower‐grade bitumen to higher‐grade bitumen. The different colorless polyesters were synthesized using polycondensation of P and G as a monomer in the ratio of 1:1 and polymerization time of 1, 3, 5, and 7 h. A rheological analysis was performed on all the synthesized polyesters to check their performance with respect to their use in bitumen modification. The polyesters were blended with base bitumens (VG10) to obtain the modified bitumens that were tested for the rheological and physicochemical properties and to assess the performance based on the grade quality test. The quality test of the modified bitumens includes softening point (SP), penetration (PEN), kinematic viscosity (KV), dynamic viscosity (DV), and rheological properties as per standard ASTM test methods. Based on the performance evaluation, P1G1H3 polyester was found suitable for blending with bitumen, and further study was carried out with blending of P1G1H3 with 3, 6, 10, and 15 wt%. The finding illustrates that 6.0 wt% of polyester‐modified bitumen show an enhanced SP, KV, and DV by 23.6, 86, and 30%, respectively, while decreasing the PEN by 49% with respect to VG10. Polyester blending also improved the rheological parameters in terms of deformation resistance, load‐bearing capacity, and the viscoelastic nature of bitumen. The investigation concluded that 6 wt% P1G1H3 polyester on blending in VG10 meets VG30 bitumen specification as per IS:73:2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil drilling fluids require additives to control and regulate their rheological properties. For water-based mud, many components such as polymers are introduced to respond to specific functions. In this work, starches extracted from potatoes and corn, were proposed as a filtration controller and their effects on the rheological properties of Algerian Na-Bentonite are examined. The potato and corn starches were fabricated by adopting an easy, eco-friendly, and cost-effective route (peeling, mixing, filtration and drying) for potatoes and (soaking, crushing, filtration and drying) for corn kernels. A comparative study of the rheological properties included apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield point and gel strength. The measurements were performed in the presence of caustic soda and potassium chloride while varying the concentration for both starches (0.6, 1.2, and 2.0%) and potassium chloride (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%). From the obtained results, both potato and corn starches enhanced the rheological properties meanwhile reduced the fluid loss and the filter cake thickness by an average of (20.66% and 26.66%) and (6.33% and 17.77%), respectively in basic/saline media drilling fluid formulations. This research demonstrates that bio-starches stand as a potential alternative additives for the enhancement of rheological and filtration properties in water-based drilling fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was to develop a prediction framework for obtaining the rheological properties of extracted and recovered asphalt binders utilizing mixture performance and other factors such as in-place air voids, pavement structure, traffic level, and aging duration. A total of 21 field projects consisting of 66 pavement sections were included in the analysis, which were located in different climatic zones with various RAP contents, traffic levels, pavement structures, pavement age, and material properties. Results indicate that the neural network can be successfully adopted to predict cracking-related binder properties consisting of effective asphalt binder, G*sin(δ) and binder fracture energy, and rutting-related binder properties including high temperature performance grade (PG), MSCR Jnr3.2, and R3.2. Both prediction and validation models worked well for pavement sections with varied contents of RAP when new data was introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commonly used brine-based completion fluids are calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride. Our main objective for this study is to overcome the rheological performance and density limitations of existing brine-based completion fluid for workover and completion in oil and gas reservoirs. Magnesium Bromide-based completion fluid exhibits a high-density 13.41-lb/gal, with a specific gravity of 1.61. Existing, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium chloride-based completion fluid exhibit a density of 11.64-lb/gal (specific gravity 1.39), 9.6-lb/gal, (specific gravity 1.15), and 10.02-lb/gal (specific gravity 1.20), respectively. Results suggest that a high-density and solid-free novel magnesium bromide-based completion fluid show suitable optimum rheology avoid formation damage, plugging, and eroding of tubular and completion equipment. In this study, we have investigated the rheological properties such as apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength 10 sec and 10 min of formulated completion fluid at the varying temperature of 84 °F (28.8 °C) to 192 °F (88.8 °C). We have found that magnesium bromide-based completion fluid shows lower apparent viscosity and plastic viscosity as compared to calcium chloride-based completion fluid. A low value of apparent viscosity is desired for the design and development of the completion fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D concrete printing (3DCP) has developed rapidly in recent years, with a relatively high amount of mortars emerging apt for 3D printing. Some of these mortars include fibers to improve their strength. Despite mechanical properties having been quite well studied, there still is missing information on cost, printability, and environmental impacts. The objective of this research is to select the best mortars with fibers considering four criteria: printability, mechanical strength, and economic and environmental impact applying a multi-criteria decision-making analysis (MCDMA). Seven types of fibers with different dosages were assessed in the reinforced mortars: zylon, aramid, carbon, glass, cellulose, textile, and polypropylene. AHP method and equal weights were used as ponderation techniques of the criteria while WASPAS and TOPSIS methods were used to calculate the rankings of the MCDMA. Printability was measured through rheological tests using a rotational rheometer, mechanical strength through flexural tests at 28 days based on EN 196–1, and cost just considering the materials and environmental impact through a life cycle assessment (LCA). The results showed that 13-mm-long glass fibers with a content of 0.1% were the best alternative, closely followed by the mortar with 6 mm cellulose fibers with a content of 0.05%. For the best option (G13;0.1), the increments in the printability index, flexural strength, cost, and LCA were − 14.37%, 16.70%, 5.88%, and 2.86%, respectively. It can also be concluded that high elastic modulus fibers (zylon and aramid), although able to increase significantly the flexural strength (up to 30% in the case of zylon), prevent them from being an optimal solution due to their high cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An injectable hydrogel to reduce the postoperative abdominal adhesion is designed. • A third-generation polyamide-amine dendrimer loads the Meloxicam for slow release. • The hydrogel has good in vitro and in vivo biosafety and biodegradability. • MX inhibits inflammatory responses and balances the fibrinolytic system. • The adhesion prevention is proved in a rat abdominal adhesion model. Establishing a physical barrier between the peritoneum and the cecum is an effective method to reduce the risk of postoperative abdominal adhesions. Meloxicam (MX), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has also been applied to prevent postoperative adhesions. However, its poor water solubility has led to low bioavailability. Herein, we developed an injectable hydrogel as a barrier and drug carrier for simultaneous postoperative adhesion prevention and treatment. A third-generation polyamide-amine dendrimer (G3) was exploited to dynamically combine with MX to increase the solubility and the bioavailability. The formed G3@MX was further used to crosslink with poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) to prepare a hydrogel (GP@MX hydrogel) through the amide bonding. In vitro and in vivo experiments evidenced that the hydrogel had good biosafety and biodegradability. More importantly, the prepared hydrogel could control the release of MX, and the released MX is able to inhibit inflammatory responses and balance the fibrinolytic system in the injury tissues in vivo. The tunable rheological and mechanical properties (compressive moduli: from ∼ 57.31 kPa to ∼ 98.68 kPa;) and high anti-oxidant capacity (total free radical scavenging rate of ∼ 94.56 %), in conjunction with their syringeability and biocompatibility, indicate possible opportunities for the development of advanced hydrogels for postoperative tissue adhesions management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct ink writing (DIW), or robocasting, is emerging as a key additive manufacturing technique for ceramic materials. Nevertheless, controlling ink rheology, finding optimal ink properties for printability, and optimising final mechanical performance have consistently posed major challenges. This review addresses these critical aspects of ceramic DIW through a meta-analysis. It encompasses rheological data from various ceramic inks and reviews methods for tuning ink properties to improve printability. The collected rheological properties are integrated into various printability criteria and models, leading to the proposal of an empirical criterion based on two key rheological parameters. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of both dense and porous ceramic components are discussed, revealing their correlations with rheology and processing defects. The objective of this comprehensive work is to serve as a valuable toolkit and guideline, providing researchers with the necessary insights to develop superior ink formulations and enhance the mechanical performance of robocasted ceramic components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Naturally occurring gas hydrates are established as an abundant reserve of natural gas. Production initiatives raised challenges such as low production rate, freezing problems, water, and sand production along with geomechanical concerns. Recent studies suggest that fracturing the sediment can significantly improve the conductivity and productivity of such reserves. This study is an initiative to verify the suitability of conventionally used polymer (guar) for fracturing at extremely low temperatures along with the integration of widely available gas hydrate inhibitors for efficient stimulation. Established inhibitors such as NaCl, CaCl 2 and KCl were introduced to linear and crosslinked gels to study their compatibility with the reference guar-based gels. The inhibitor integrated linear gel samples demonstrated similar performance trends to that of the reference gel establishing their compatibility with the polymer, whereas the inhibitor integrated crosslinked samples displayed deswelling nature. The low concentration inhibitor integrated linear gel samples performed superior to the reference gel whereas the high concentration sample inhibited the swelling performance of the polymer. Both the reference and inhibitor integrated linear gel samples gradually disintegrated after 48 h leaving behind soft cloudy residue, whereas the inhibitor integrated crosslinked samples rapidly released water and contracted into a solid residue which can cause serious flow related disruptions during operations and apparently damage the conductivity of the sediment for long term. This study delivers crucial understanding on how various salts interact with guar polymers at low temperatures and whether their presence can be a boon or bane during the design of a fracturing fluid. • Low temperature fracturing of hydrate-bearing sediments for improved gas recovery. • Integration of hydrate inhibitors with conventional gelling polymer used in hydraulic fracturing. • Inhibitor integrated linear gel samples demonstrated good integrity during tests. • Inhibitor integrated low concentration samples performed superiorly. • Inhibitor integrated crosslinked gels prone to deswelling and residue formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decades, the interest in the development of materials fully or partially biobased has increased. Polyurethanes are extensively used in a wide range of industries because of their versatility. The present work explores the synthesis of partially biobased poly(urethane‐urea) (PUU) composites employing soy‐based polyol (SPO) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The latter were incorporated during the synthesis (in‐situ) or after the synthesis (ex‐situ). The possibility of a technological application as coatings was investigated for the designed materials. Polycaprolactone diol was used as a soft segment due to high functionality of the soy‐based polyol. The physicochemical, thermal and mechanical properties of the prepared matrices were analyzed. Poly(urethane‐urea)s containing up to 20% by weight of biobased polyol showed coating application potentiality. Compared to a polycaprolactone‐based polyurethane, the utilization of the bioprecursor enhanced light absorption in the UV–Vis region. In addition, partially biobased systems showed better mechanical resistance (Young's modulus increased up to 6 times) and hydrophobicity (sweeling decreased from 60 to 8 per cent by weight). Incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals affected primarily the physicochemical and rheological properties of dispersions. Regarding coating properties, nanocrystals utilization complemented the soy‐based polyol improving the performance of the films. Furthermore, the incorporation route affected the dispersions and films properties. Highlights: SPO was incorporated up to 20 per cent by weight in PUU composites.Higher SPO contents improved UV–Vis absorption and tensile strength of films.Films were less hydrophilic as more SPO was incorporated.The CNC‐reinforcement was complementary to the utilization of the SPO.CNC incorporation route affects properties and performance of the coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a rheological equivalent circuit model inspired by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to analyze complex viscosity data. By exploiting the similarity between the Cole–Cole plot in rheology and the Nyquist plot in EIS, the study adopts circuit fitting methodologies to interpret rheological behavior of various polymers. The model employs redefined electrochemical elements, including dashpots, springs, rheological constant phase elements, and Warburg elements, to capture both linear and non‐linear responses. This approach offers both analytical and predictive capabilities, providing new insights into material composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroactive scaffolds are increasingly used to mimic the microenvironment of electroactive tissues such as the heart and nerves. Multi-network hydrogels have emerged as an important platform in the field of tissue engineering. In this study, alginate (Alg)-based conductive and multi-network nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared and characterized as promising scaffolds for electroactive tissues. Alg, which is derived from natural sources, was modified with methacrylate (AlgMA) to render it photosensitive (photoactive). Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were chosen as potential nanomaterials for electrical conductivity. MWCNTs were modified with –COOH groups to produce MWCNT–COOH nanomaterials. Nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated by incorporating 0.5%, 1.0%, and 3.0 wt% of MWCNT–COOH into the AlgMA network. The hydrogel scaffolds were assessed for their chemical, physical, mechanical, electrical, and biological characteristics. This study demonstrated that incorporating modified MWCNTs into an AlgMA network enhances its electrical activity. According to our results, good rheological properties, natural tissue-like mechanical properties, optimal electrical conductivity, and biological performance make AlgMA/MWCNT–COOH multi-network nanocomposite hydrogels crucial in the field of electroactive tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many energy absorption applications utilize flexible polymeric foams for their viscoelastic properties. It is desired that the material will perform consistently across repeated compression cycles. This study examines the effect of fatigue at low strain rates on the viscoelasticity of open‐cell polyurethane foam. Six polyurethanes of the same base composition with two porosities (70% and 80%) and three chemical indexes (79i, 100i, and 121i) are tested. Large deformation cyclic compression of the foams is conducted on a universal testing system (UTS). These data are then post‐processed leveraging dynamic mechanical analysis Fourier transform rheology to characterize changes in the viscoelasticity of the materials over fatigue cycles. Results show that foams can increase or decrease in stiffness up to 10% over 104 cycles. Specifically, higher chemical index, higher excitation frequency, and larger excitation amplitude correlate with a more pronounced decrease in stiffness. Damping can also change by 15% and correlates with chemical index and excitation frequency. Consequently, the findings suggest that internal foam structure and bulk material properties as well as applied loading parameters affect the viscoelastic fatigue response of flexible polymeric foams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Participants/Methods Results Conclusions Injectable fillers for soft tissue augmentation stand out as one of the most favored procedures in the field of aesthetic medicine, especially in addressing the clinical signs of skin aging. Among soft tissue fillers, non‐permanent fillers have been safely used in numerous medical applications for several decades.The aim of this post‐market observational, open‐label, uncontrolled, multicentered, prospective study (PMS) was to evaluate the effects of an injectable poly‐L‐lactic acid‐based collagen stimulator (Lanluma®, the study product).This analysis is based on the clinical outcomes data (safety and effectiveness) collected from investigators and participants between the first injection (T0, September 2022) and 9 months thereafter (T3, June 2023) in the treatment of five body‐contouring areas.Overall, 70 participants had 99 treatment sessions of the neck (31%), upper arm (20%), hand (17%), thigh (16%) and décolleté (15%). Lumps (neck, upper arm, hand) and nodules (neck, hand, thigh) were the most frequent adverse events (AEs) reported by investigators. All were treatment related. None were serious, severe or fatal. No AEs were reported following treatment of the décolleté. Both investigators and participants reported high levels of satisfaction during the nine‐month follow‐up period with the treatments in five body areas.These positive clinical outcomes can be attributed to a proper implementation of best practices and recommendations, and the rheological properties of the study product. This 9‐month follow‐up analysis should be reconsidered in light of the study's objectives for the final analysis at the 25‐month follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the influence of varying concentrations of Flammulina velutipes powder (FVP) (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 g L−1, based on FVP weight per liter of emulsion) on the stability, rheological properties, microstructure, and interfacial protein content of chicken myofibrillar protein (MP) emulsions under low‐salt conditions. Visual assessment and the Turbiscan stability index revealed that the stability of MP emulsions improved with increasing FVP concentration. The greatest stability was achieved when the FVP concentration was 16 gL−1. The incorporation of FVP enhanced the elasticity and viscosity of the emulsions by forming a dense three‐dimensional network structure. The droplet size of the emulsions initially decreased and then increased with increasing FVP concentration. The addition of FVP increased the amount of protein absorbed by the emulsion layer. Flammulina velutipes powder is promising as a stabilizer that could improve the emulsifying and functional properties of low‐salt myofibrillar protein emulsions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of supportable, cost-effective, and high-performance nanoparticles (NPs) is one of the new examination points within penetrating applications. The consideration of tailorable nanoparticles offers the chance to figure out water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) with upgraded properties, providing exceptional opportunities in the energy, oil, gas, water, or framework enterprises. In WBDFs, nano and micron materials are investigated to control their rheological properties and their influence. This paper aims to analyze the influence of nano Fe2O3 on the rheological behavior of drilling fluid muds under high temperatures and pressure. Additionally, we seek to identify the optimal concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles that maintain consistent rheology; we examined the interfering effects of shear rates and iron oxide nanoparticle temperature on the sheartype of the changed depleting liquid in the Dibella oil field to make the penetrating activity efficient, realistic, and skilled. We observe that as the temperature increases, the water-based mud (WBM), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and gel strength (Gs) decrease until the reject structure is disrupted. Therefore, we must proceed with our assessment using nano Fe2O3 to resolve the shortcomings of the slope framework. Six water-based mud cakes containing 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3g weight percent of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles were prepared for this evaluation. The experimental outcomes revealed an optimal nanoparticle mixing of 2.5 g weight percent, which resulted in a 13.8% reduction in the API filtrate volume and a 40% reduction in filter cake thickness. At 300°F temperature and type 10.00 pressure, the results of our experiments consistently demonstrate a decrease of 14.77% in the rheological properties of PV and YP and 10 s and 10 min in the gel strength of carbon oxide nanoparticles. The YP-PV span is 2.7, and the yield strength is 11 lb/100 ft2. On the other hand, mud cake A, which contains 0.5 wt% NPs, loses 6 mL of fluid after 30 min. In contrast, drilling mud cake E, which is composed of 3 wt% NPs, shows a fluid loss of 5.1 mL in the API filter press test. Based on the Bingham plastic model, the maximum shear stress versus shear rate was observed for bentonite drilling muds E and F, with 2.5 wt% and 3 wt% NPs, respectively, and this result indicates that the use of nano Fe2O3 can effectively adjust the properties of drilling fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Restorative solutions designed for edentulous patients such as dentures and their accompanying denture adhesives operate in the complex and dynamic environment represented by human oral physiology. Developing material models accounting for the viscoelastic behavior of denture adhesives can facilitate their further optimization within that unique physiological environment. This study aims to statistically quantify the degree of significance of three physiological variables - namely: temperature, adhesive swelling, and pH - on denture adhesive mechanical behavior. Further, based on these statistical significance estimations, a previously-developed viscoelastic material modelling approach for such denture adhesives is further expanded and developed to capture these variables' effects on mechanical behavior. Methods: In this study a comparable version of Denture adhesive Corega Comfort was analysed rheologically using the steady state frequency sweep tests. The experimentally derived rheological storage and loss modulus values for the selected physiological variables were statistically analyzed using multi parameter linear regression analysis and the Pearson's coefficient technique to understand the significance of each individual parameter on the relaxation spectrum of the denture adhesive. Subsequently, the parameters are incorporated into a viscoelastic material model based on Prony series discretization and time-temperature superposition, and the mathematical relationship for the loss modulus is deduced. Results: The results of this study clearly indicated that the variation in both the storage and loss modulus values can be accurately predicted using the oral cavity physiological parameters of temperature, swelling ratio, and pH with an adjusted R2 value of 0.85. The R2 value from the multi-parameter regression analysis indicated that the predictor variables can estimate the loss and storage modulus with a reasonable accuracy for at least 85% of the rheologically determined continuous relaxation spectrum with a confidence level of 98%. The Pearson's coefficient for the independent variables indicated that temperature and swelling have a strong influence on the loss modulus, whereas pH had a weak influence. Based on statistical analysis, these mathematical relationships were further developed in this study. Conclusions: This multi-parameter viscoelastic material model is intended to facilitate future detailed numerical investigations performed with implementation of denture adhesives using the finite element method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to characterize the rheological properties of lignin-modified bitumen. Various contents (0, 10, 20 and 30% by total mass of the modified bitumen) of Kraft lignin, which is derived from softwood and were used with two soft and unmodified bitumen adapted for cold climates and standard traffic level (PG 58S-28 and PG 52S-34). Storage stability test and microscope observations were performed to check the stability and homogeneity of the modified bitumen. Brookfield rotational viscometer (BRV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests were carried out to evaluate the thermomechanical behaviour and to determine the performance grade (PG Hn-L) of lignin-modified bitumens. Results indicate that the modified bitumen is homogeneous and no stability issues were observed. Also, results show that using Kraft lignin, as a bio-substitute to the bitumen, increased the viscosity (η), the stiffness (S) and the performance at high temperatures, but it made the bitumen more brittle and less performant at low temperatures. Notably, there is no significant change in the thermal range of use of bitumen (H–L), just a shift in performance grade (PG Hn-L) to higher temperatures. In addition, Kraft lignin has almost the same effects on both bitumen. To this end, the test results show that it is possible to use Kraft lignin to partially replace the bitumen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel viscoelastic surfactant (VES) micelle system was developed by using a new tetrameric polyhydroxy cationic surfactant (STPC) as a thickener in combination with sodium chloride (NaCl). The flow curves, thixotropy, viscoelasticity, viscosity-temperature relationship, temperature and shear resistance, and thermal thixotropy of the micelle system were further investigated. The results showed that the new four-parameter rheo kinetic model accurately described the viscosity versus shear time curve of the micelle system. The established four-parameter viscosity-temperature relationship model could be used to characterize the viscosity versus temperature curve of the micelle system. Meanwhile, the Carreau model could also be fitted to the flow curve of the STPC/NaCl micelle solution. The effects of counterion salt concentration and surfactant concentration on the rheological properties of the viscoelastic STPC/NaCl micelle solution were clarified and the optimum mass ratio of 5 wt%/5 wt% for the STPC/NaCl solution was determined. The viscoelastic modulus versus temperature curves of the STPC/NaCl (5 wt%/5 wt%) micelle solution showed that it exhibited thermal thixotropy. This study extends on the types of thickeners and VES micelle systems and provides a rheological reference for the application of viscoelastic tetrameric cationic surfactants in oil fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of the rheological properties and the interfacial structure–property relationships for complex fluid–fluid interfaces can be of crucial importance for the understanding of physiological and biomedical systems, designing and engineering industrial processes, and developing environmental remediation technologies. For the measurement of interfacial shear rheological material functions, it has been determined that the control of the surface pressure during the application of deformation is essential for obtaining reproducible data especially when measuring complex interfaces, such as particle- and polymer-laden interfaces. Moreover, the study of complex fluid interfaces is complicated by kinematically mixed interfacial flow fields, which include both shear and dilatation (shape and area changes), leading to a possible complex flow history. To address this, specialized rheometers have been developed to provide clear kinematic conditions. For instance, a radial trough has been introduced to enhance the study of dilatational interfacial rheology, effectively solving the challenges posed by the mixed flow fields typical in standard rectangular Langmuir–Pockels (LP) troughs or pendant drops. In the present work, we utilize a new trough instrument, the Quadrotrough (QT), capable of performing on the same device (and sample) independent dilatational and shear deformations at the air/liquid interface under strain and surface pressure control. Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) imaging is carried out in situ simultaneously with rheological measurements. Thus, the QT embodies the combined advantages of the circular trough and the controlled surface pressure shear interfacial rheometer. The interfacial rheology of poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) at the air/water interface was measured for both pure dilatation and pure shear in steady and small amplitude oscillatory (SAO) dilatation (D) and shear (S) modes on the same interface. BAM images were obtained during shear and compression. The results obtained by the QT were highly reproducible and in good agreement with measurements performed previously using the LP trough-mounted double wall ring rheometer and the radial trough. The Hencky strain model was employed to derive steady shear and dilatational interfacial moduli. Very good agreement was observed between the steady and complex shear moduli. However, the dilatational moduli measured under steady compression were markedly smaller than those measured by small amplitude oscillatory dilatational at fixed molecular areas, further highlighting the complicating factor of deformation history on material properties for complex interfaces. In summary, the QT has been shown to be a valuable tool for exploring interfacial rheology and providing insights into complex interfacial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living polymers such as wormlike micelles have attracted considerable experimental and theoretical interest over the past three decades, but the differential-integral equations that describe the joint processes of reversible scission and stress relaxation were only recently developed and have not yet been solved. Here, we introduce a numerical method that is simple, stable, accurate, flexible, and fast compared to alternatives. After validating the method and its predictions, we provide a preliminary discussion on previously unquantified sources of uncertainty in a popular stochastic approach to modeling the same problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clay minerals are abundant natural materials used widely in coatings, construction materials, ceramics, as well as being a component of drilling fluids. Here, we present the effect of steady and oscillatory preshear on organophilic modified clay gels in synthetic oil. Both platelet and needlelike particles are used as viscosifiers in drilling fluid formulations. For both particles, the plateau modulus exhibits a similar concentration dependence, G P ∼ c 3.9 , whereas the yield strain is γ y ∼ c − 1 for the platelets and γ y ∼ c − 1.7 for the needles. Mixtures of the two follow an intermediate behavior: at low concentrations, their elasticity and yield strain follows that of needle particles while at higher concentrations they exhibit a weaker power-law dependence. Furthermore, upon varying the preshear history, the gel viscoelastic properties can be significantly tuned. At lower (higher) clay concentrations, preshear at specific oscillatory strain amplitudes or steady shear rates may induce a hardening (softening) of the dispersions and, at all concentrations, a lowering of the shear strain. Hence, in needle dispersions preshear resulted in changes in the volume fraction dependence of the elastic modulus from G P ∼ c 3.9 to G P ∼ c 2.5 and of the yield strain from γ y ∼ c − 1.7 to γ y ∼ c − 1 . However, small angle x-ray scattering showed not much structural changes, within the q-range covered. Our findings indicate ways to design colloidal organoclay dispersions with a mechanical response that can be tuned at will. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting the response of complex fluids to different flow conditions has been the focal point of rheology and is generally done via constitutive relations. There are, nonetheless, scenarios in which not much is known from the material mathematically, while data collection from samples is elusive, resource-intensive, or both. In such cases, meta-modeling of observables using a parametric surrogate model called multi-fidelity neural networks (MFNNs) may obviate the constitutive equation development step by leveraging only a handful of high-fidelity (Hi-Fi) data collected from experiments (or high-resolution simulations) and an abundance of low-fidelity (Lo-Fi) data generated synthetically to compensate for Hi-Fi data scarcity. To this end, MFNNs are employed to meta-model the material responses of a thermo-viscoelastic (TVE) fluid, consumer product Johnson's® Baby Shampoo, under four flow protocols: steady shear, step growth, oscillatory, and small/large amplitude oscillatory shear (S/LAOS). In addition, the time–temperature superposition (TTS) of the material response and MFNN predictions are explored. By applying simple linear regression (without induction of any constitutive equation) on log-spaced Hi-Fi data, a series of Lo-Fi data were generated and found sufficient to obtain accurate material response recovery in terms of either interpolation or extrapolation for all flow protocols except for S/LAOS. This insufficiency is resolved by informing the MFNN platform with a linear constitutive model (Maxwell viscoelastic) resulting in simultaneous interpolation and extrapolation capabilities in S/LAOS material response recovery. The roles of data volume, flow type, and deformation range are discussed in detail, providing a practical pathway to multifidelity meta-modeling of different complex fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of emulsifiers such as lecithin, AMPs, Palsgaard® Oil‐Binder and GMS on cocoa hazelnut spread rheology were compared under the same process conditions and formulation. Emulsifiers were added to the formulation separately at rates of 0.3%–0.4%–0.5%. Hardness values in cocoa hazelnut spread were examined at 15‐day intervals until the 60th day. In addition, viscosity, rheological analyses, color, spreadability, stability tests, and sensory analyses were performed. In the production of cocoa hazelnut spread, lecithin and AMP have less hardness and lower viscosity, greater fluent consistency, better spreadability, and lower “work of shear” values compared with other emulsifiers. The emulsifier type/ratio difference did not affect the color value statistically. It was determined that the use of Oil‐Binder and GMS significantly protected the stability compared with other emulsifiers. During the 60‐day storage period, lecithin preserved its hardness properties better than other emulsifiers. When sensory properties were examined, the use of lecithin and AMP in cocoa hazelnut spread samples scored high in brightness, spreadability, mouthfeel, and taste parameters. As a result, lecithin comes to the fore in the use of different types and ratios of emulsifiers in cocoa hazelnut spread production technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Response to exterior stimulants, such as light and pH and also self-healing behavior are the major specifications of smart nanocomposites. This project aims to synthesise various weight percentages of smart fluorescent hydrogel nanocomposites using natural and bio-friendly materials including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), corn starch (CS), aloe vera (AV) and g-C3N4QDs (PSA/CN). Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-C3N4QDs or CN) were synthesised by way of pyrolysis of the urea and citric acid (CA) blend with 18:1 weight proportion employing microwave-supported procedure. Next, synthesis and properties of the prepared nanocomposites were verified by means of microscopic and electroscopic methods. The strong absorption peaks registered at 230, 290 and 390 nm confirmed UV absorption ability of the synthesised PSA/CN nanocomposites. In response to 390 nm exciting wavelength, these nanocomposites emitted green fluorescence (FL) at 505–510 nm. Adding CN (0.25 wt% and 0.5 wt%) to the hydrogel matrix bred a growth in thermal stability of the resultant nanocomposites. Loading diverse weight percentages of CN into hydrogel matrix led the rheological features of the hydrogel nanocomposites to improve. Studies on pH-responsive and rheological analyses approved self-healing behavior of the PSA/CN nanocomposites against damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study aims to valorise a plant waste, corn cobs (Zea mays) enriched with fibres (cellulose of 19.09–19.18% and hemicellulose of 34.04–60.13%), to create gel‐like sorbents. Corn cobs (CB) were dried, grounded and sieved to obtain 500, 250 and 125 μm powder size fractions. Various CB powder concentrations (10–40% w/w) were mixed with distilled water and rice bran oil for 2 min at ambient temperature to form hydrogel‐like and oleogel‐like sorbents, respectively. Visual appearance indicated that selected gels formed by 250 and 125 μm CB powders were self‐sustained right after mixing, while the largest particles (500 μm) could not fabricate gels at the CB concentrations studied. FTIR results suggested that the gelation process was primarily attributed to physical absorption rather than chemical binding. Comprehensive analyses of microstructure, physicochemical properties and rheological behaviour indicated that gelation was due to fibre–fibre interaction (125 μm) and oil/water–fibre interaction (250 μm). An increase in CB powder concentration enhanced the microstructural density and hardness of gels. Thus, 250 μm particles and higher absorbent concentrations resulted in brittle sorbents characterised by high hardness but low cohesiveness. The 250 μm particles also exhibit a superior antioxidant profile and lower oil/water loss than the 125 μm CB particles due to effective intra‐particle trapping mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Our study focuses on the gelling properties of pea protein (PP), which are comparatively weaker than those of other plant proteins, thereby limiting its application. However, we found that the addition of κ‐carrageenan (κ‐CAR) significantly (P < 0.05) increased PP gels' hardness and water‐holding capacity irrespective of gel formation temperature (80 or 95 °C). Rheological and microstructural analysis confirmed a synergistic effect between PP and κ‐CAR, with higher synergy values observed in hydrogels formulated at 95 °C. Molecular force studies revealed that non‐covalent interactions were dominant, with disulphide bonds contributing only to the structure of gels formed at 95 °C. These promising findings not only enhance our understanding of the PP and κ‐CAR gel formation mechanism but also hold practical implications, potentially leading to improved gelling properties of PP and expanding its applications in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The study investigates the impact of incorporating a fibre‐rich component derived from quinoa (QFC) into wheat flour on the physicochemical, rheological and bread‐making characteristics. QFC, possessing triple the dietary fibre contents of quinoa grain, increased fibre levels in blends from 4% to 12%. As QFC inclusion increased from 0% to 20%, farinograph water absorption increased from 59.6% to 66.7%, while dough stability decreased from 9.9 to 3.5 min. Amylograph properties exhibited elevated gelatinisation temperature and reduced viscosities with QFC supplementation. Bread hardness surged from 997 to 2800 g with 0%–20% QFC incorporation. Sensory quality remained acceptable up to 15% QFC, beyond which it significantly declined. Additives enhanced bread volume from 2.66 to 3.34 for 15% QFC bread, along with sensory parameters. The QFC‐incorporated bread not only improved nutritional quality but also positioned itself as a viable fibre‐rich alternative in the food industry, promising benefits for health‐conscious consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, a novel frozen pasta product (direct‐fried yeast‐fermented frozen youtiao, DFYF‐frozen youtiao) was developed, and its quality deterioration mechanism was explored from gluten. The comprehensive quality assessment revealed that DFYF‐frozen youtiao essentially satisfied consumers' expectations. However, after 10 freeze–thawed cycles (FTc), its specific volume dropped, accompanied by an 83.3% reduction in gas production capacity. Meanwhile, FTc treatment resulted in a noticeable decrease in springiness and resilience, and increased the hardness and springiness by 32.8% and 44.5% respectively. The deterioration of rheological properties for DFYF‐frozen youtiao dough during FTc was attributed to the loose gluten network, as evidenced by glutenin macropolymer depolymerisation, high hydrophobicity and weak thermal stability of gluten proteins. This study aims to offer technical guidance for producing palatable frozen youtiao with enhanced health attributes and understand the intricate relationships between the characteristics of gluten proteins and quality of DFYF‐frozen youtiao. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Aquasoya, or soybean cooking water, is a novel plant‐based material as an egg substitute due to its functional proteins. However, research on its fermentation is still emergent. To assess its prebiotic potential, we developed a plant‐based yoghurt alternative using aquasoya powder (ASP). After analysing the main components of ASP, six variants of aquasoya yoghurt, employing commercial cultures, underwent physicochemical, rheological properties, lactic acid bacteria viability and sensory attributes. The results showed that all samples were maintained under pH 4.6 and acidity over 0.7 for 20 days of storage and displayed prebiotic potential. Additionally, yoghurt with 8% ASP content and Sacco starter culture exhibited a thinner network phase. Panellists noted yoghurt with culture – Culture For Health – had weaker flavour intensity and yoghurt with 8% ASP received the highest overall liking score in the preliminary consumer acceptance test. This study established aquasoya as a promising food ingredient for incorporation into a novel milk substitute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study is carried out for the flow of a steady two-dimensional hybrid nanofluid through an exponentially expanding/shrinking surface under the influence of a magnetic field. Further, the impact of thermal buoyancy is also incorporated into the momentum equation. The model is developed using the rheological properties of hybrid nanofluid, such as viscosity, conductivity, specific heat, etc. that develop the physical significance of nanofluid. The principal equations for the motion are re-constructed to their dimensionless form by implementing similarity transformation and these are handled numerically using Runge–Kutta fourth-order. The crux of the problem is that the dual solution is obtained for the particular flow parameters. Further, the simulation is carried out by setting the characterising parameters, and their characteristics are explained briefly. The important outcomes of the study are: for the enhanced volume concentration the velocity profile enhances significantly in the case of the first solution and the impact is opposite in the case of the second solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semisolid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing (3DP) technology is emerging due to its simplicity and potential for on-site manufacturing of personalized drug products with tailored functionality (dose, release profile), as well as recognizability (size, shape, color). However, even a minor change in the composition of the ink (the feedstock material) and the printing process parameters can largely influence the outcome of printing. This paper summarizes the recent SSE 3DP studies, where the important factors affecting the quality of the printed drug products are discussed. Further challenges are showcased by introducing a case study focusing on the design of oral theophylline immediate-release drug products. The identified crucial factors, such as the printing hardware and connected software, printing parameters, and composition of the ink are discussed. Especially, the rheological properties of the ink during the printing process, together with solidification, mechanical properties, and morphology studies of already printed products are deliberated to gain more understanding of the printability of drug products by SSE. This work aims to provide an overview of design aspects related to SSE-based fabrication of personalized drug products. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work reports on tailoring of 3D printed gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) employing poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) P(VdF‐HFP) as the host matrix and mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous‐15 (SBA‐15) mesoporous sieve as ceramic filler. Further, this work envisages an investigation on its physicochemical properties, thermal shrinkage behavior, and electrochemical performance. An effort has been undertaken to formulate 3D printable P(VdF‐HFP)/SBA‐15 composite‐based GPE ink with suitable rheological properties. The breath figure method is followed to investigate the influence of 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) mixture as a solvent on the porosity of 3D printed GPE, through which enhanced porosity is evident from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The morphological analysis further confirms the hybrid porous structure facilitated by the addition of SBA‐15 into the P(VdF‐HFP) matrix. The 3D printed P(VdF‐HFP)/SBA‐15 (10%) composite‐based GPE shows promising ionic conductivity in the order of 0.2 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature and demonstrates excellent dimensional thermal stability up to 175°C. The electrochemical measurement of 3D printed GPE is tested separately using 3D printed cathode half‐cell (3D printed LFP vs. Li+) and 3D printed anode half cell (3D printed LTO vs. Li+) with GPE as separator. Further, also tested with conventionally prepared electrode and the coin cell studies show discharge capacity of 3D printed P(VdF‐HFP)/SBA‐15 (10%) composite‐based GPE is comparable to commercial celgard separator. All these features speculate that the 3D printed fabricated in the current work may find potential application in lithium‐ion battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, lignin has received increasing attention due to its wide availability, low cost, renewability, and potential for improving the performance of asphalt pavement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the rheological properties and microscopic mechanism of modified asphalt by using different types of lignin. The effects of different aging durations on the rheological properties, as well as the chemical and morphological changes of different lignin-modified asphalts, were analyzed using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results of the rheological tests demonstrated that the addition of lignin had a positive effect on the permanent deformation of the asphalt matrix and significantly improved the rutting resistance of the asphalt at high temperatures, with the most significant change observed in enzymatic lignin. The addition of lignin improves certain fatigue resistance and good fatigue life. The chemical test results indicate that lignin, as a blending agent, can compensate for the molecular weight changes caused by the aging of the matrix asphalt when degrading, maintaining a balanced distribution of molecular weight, which is the main mechanism of resistance to thermal oxidation aging of lignin-modified asphalt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]