Search

Your search keyword '"Rheingans, Richard"' showing total 266 results
Start Over Author "Rheingans, Richard"
266 results on '"Rheingans, Richard"'

9. Chapter 8 Shamba Maisha: Pilot Agricultural Intervention for Food Security and HIV Health Outcomes in Kenya: Design, Methods, Baseline Results and Process Evaluation of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Cohen, Craig R., primary, Steinfeld, Rachel L., additional, Weke, Elly, additional, Bukusi, Elizabeth A., additional, Hatcher, Abigail M., additional, Shiboski, Stephen, additional, Rheingans, Richard, additional, Scow, Kate M., additional, Butler, Lisa M., additional, Otieno, Phelgona, additional, Dworkin, Shari L., additional, and Weiser, Sheri D., additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Burden of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and shigella non-fatal diarrhoeal infections in 79 low-income and lower middle-income countries: a modelling analysis

Author

Anderson, John D, Bagamian, Karoun H, Muhib, Farzana, Amaya, Mirna P, Laytner, Lindsey A, Wierzba, Thomas, and Rheingans, Richard

Subjects
Diarrhea, Male, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Article, Enteritis, Global Burden of Disease, Child, Preschool, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Humans, Female, Shigella, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Mortality, Developing Countries, Escherichia coli Infections, Growth Disorders, Dysentery, Bacillary
Abstract

Summary Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and shigella are two major pathogens that cause moderate-to-severe diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years. Diarrhoea is associated with an increased risk of stunting, which puts children at risk of death due to other infectious diseases. Methods We modelled ETEC-related and shigella-related mortality and the effect of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea episodes to determine the number of children with stunting due to these infections in 79 low-income and lower middle-income countries. We applied population attributable risk for increased number of deaths due to other infectious diseases in children who are stunted. We calculated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the point estimates. Findings In children younger than 5 years, we estimate 196 million (95% UI 135–269) episodes of ETEC and shigella diarrhoea occur annually, resulting in 3·5 million (0·8–5·4) cases of moderate-to-severe stunting and 44 400 (29 400–59 800) total ETEC deaths and 63 100 (44 000–81 900) total shigella deaths in 2015. Additional infectious disease mortality due to stunting resulted in increases of 24% (8–34; for ETEC) and 28% (10–39; for shigella) over direct deaths due to diarrhoeal episodes. The distribution of mortality and morbidity varied geographically, with African Region and Eastern Mediterranean Region countries bearing the greatest burden. Interpretation The expanded effects of non-fatal ETEC and shigella-related diarrhoeal episodes can have lasting consequences. Prevention of these infections could reduce the risk of direct death and stunting and deaths due to other infectious diseases. Understanding the countries and populations with the highest disease risk helps to target interventions for the most vulnerable populations. Funding The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2018

38. 'The girl with her period is the one to hang her head' Reflections on menstrual management among schoolgirls in rural Kenya

Author

Obure Alfredo F, Caruso Bethany A, Winch Peter J, McMahon Shannon A, Ogutu Emily A, Ochari Imelda A, and Rheingans Richard D

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background The onset of menstruation is a landmark event in the life of a young woman. Yet the complications and challenges that can accompany such an event have been understudied, specifically in resource-poor settings. As interventions aim to improve female attendance in schools, it is important to explore how menstruation is perceived and navigated by girls in the school setting. This research conveys rural Kenyan schoolgirls' perceptions and practices related to menstruation Methods Data were collected at six rural schools in the Nyanza Province of Western Kenya. Using focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and field notes from observations, researchers collected information from 48 primary schoolgirls and nine teachers. Systematic analysis began with a reading of transcripts and debriefing notes, followed by manual coding of the narratives. Results Focus group discussions became opportunities for girls to share thoughts on menstruation, instruct one another on management practices and advise one another on coping mechanisms. Girls expressed fear, shame, distraction and confusion as feelings associated with menstruation. These feelings are largely linked to a sense of embarrassment, concerns about being stigmatized by fellow students and, as teachers explained, a perception that the onset of menstruation signals the advent of a girl's sexual status. Among the many methods for managing their periods, girls most frequently said they folded, bunched up or sewed cloth, including cloth from shirts or dresses, scraps of old cloth, or strips of an old blanket. Cloth was reported to frequently leak and cause chafing, which made school attendance difficult particularly as the day progressed. Attitudes and practices of girls toward menstruation have been arranged into personal, environmental and behavioural factors. Conclusion Further research on menstrual management options that are practical, sustainable and culturally acceptable must be conducted to inform future programs and policies that aim to empower young girls as they transition into womanhood. Stakeholders working within this and similar contexts must consider systematic mechanisms to explain to young girls what menstruation is and how to manage it. Providing sanitary supplies or guiding girls on how to create supplies serve as critical components for future interventions.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Cost-effectiveness of maternal influenza immunization in Bamako, Mali: A decision analysis

Author

Orenstein, Evan W., primary, Orenstein, Lauren A. V., additional, Diarra, Kounandji, additional, Djiteye, Mahamane, additional, Sidibé, Diakaridia, additional, Haidara, Fadima C., additional, Doumbia, Moussa F., additional, Diallo, Fatoumata, additional, Coulibaly, Flanon, additional, Keita, Adama M., additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Teguete, Ibrahima, additional, Tapia, Milagritos D., additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, and Rheingans, Richard, additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Potential cost effectiveness of a rotavirus vaccine in Chile

Author

Constenla, Dagna, O'Ryan, Miguel, Navarrete, María S, Antil, Lynn, and Rheingans, Richard D

Subjects
Rotavirus, Cost-benefit analysis, Rotavirus vaccines, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Background:Cost effectiveness studies are essential to assess the real value of interventions with preventive or therapeutic objectives. Aim: To assess the theoretical cost-effectiveness of a vaccine against rotavirus in Chilean children of less than five years of age. Material and methods: An economic model was developed based on information on disease incidence, health care costs associated with treatment and the effectiveness and costs of vaccination. Net disease and vaccination costs were estimated from the health system perspective and were compared with life years and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) gained using a 3% discount rate. Local administrative and accounting hospital data and vaccine efficacy data were used to estimate healthcare costs and cost-effectiveness of vaccination. Results: A rotavirus vaccination program would prevent 10 deaths due to rotavirus gastroenteritis, 6,245 related hospitalizations and 41,962 outpatient visits during the first five years of life, per vaccinated cohort. For every 1,000 children born, the healthcare service spends US$15,077 on treatment of gastroenteritis. From the healthcare perspective, vaccination would yield a cost-effectiveness ratio of US$11,261 per DALY when the price of the vaccine is US$24 per course. Conclusions: Rotavirus vaccine can effectively reduce the disease burden and healthcare costs of rotavirus gastroenteritis and can be a cost-effective investment compared to other options

Published
2006

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results