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Background: Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as a major public health concern. It is a common pathogen in animal and human medicine. Aim: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) was used to fingerprint 10 strains of S. aureus obtained from nasal swabs in domesticated animals and humans to ascertain how comparable the different strains' genetic makeup was. Methods: These isolates were previously identified using standard molecular and microbiological methods. ERIC primers were amplified for all isolates. The dendrogram was generated using PGMA and the Dice similarity coefficient. The strains were genotyped according to the diversity of sample source (human or animal), and the geographic source. Results: Ten S. aureus strains were classified into eight "ERIC" kinds (genotypes) using "ERIC-PCR genotyping", in which the two most common clones were genotypes 8 and 2, which were represented by one strain from humans, one from cows, and two strains from sheep. Two strains derived from separate geographic areas and from different sample sources (human and cow) were determined to share the same genotype. Another two strains from different geographic areas but from the same sample source (sheep) were categorized under the same genotype. All the remaining strains were classified as a singular genotype. Conclusion: This study supports the possible bacterial transmission from animal to human and from animals themselves that usually happens during live animal marketing. Recognizing the interconnected nature of transmission systems and implementing the required approaches to disease prevention and control is essential for mitigating the risks posed by bacterial pathogens. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2256-2260]

Background: Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pseudotuberculosis) affecting superficial and internal lymph nodes and internal organs of small ruminants. Aims: Through the use of molecular methods, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis and it's contributing factors as well as the degree of genetic diversity and epidemiological relationships among C. pseudotuberculosis isolates from slaughtered sheep and goats in various districts of Duhok Province, Iraq. Methods: A total of 18836 carcasses (15775 sheep and 3061 goats) were inspected by veterinarians at slaughterhouses (Duhok-Sumel (2453 sheep+627 goats), Zakho (6000 sheep), Bardarash (1117 sheep+379 goats), Amedi (413 sheep+178 goats) and Akre (5792 sheep+1877 goats)) in Duhok Province for detection the prevalence rate of CLA using molecular techniques. Results: The prevalence of the disease was 0.94% and 1.93% in sheep and goats, respectively. Sheep in Duhok-Sumel and goats in Amedi were at the higher risk of infection than the animals in another location, with a prevalence rate of 4.31% and 6.18%, respectively. Sheep and goats of older age were more susceptible. Females were more susceptible than males in all districts except Duhok-Sumel where the reverse was true. ERIC-PCR analysis grouped the bacterial isolates into 11 different genotypes. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of C. pseudotuberculosis revealed no divergent sequences discovered in this study. Conclusion: A strict control program needs to be applied to reduce the entrance of the pathogen from the neighboring countries. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(5.000): 588-598]