In this paper, with the aim of improving hydrogen storage efficiency, cerium vanadate/reduced graphene oxide (CeVO4/rGO) nanocomposite was synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method due to its unique characteristics, including suitable electrochemical behavior, high specific surface area, and high porosity. In addition to controlling the growth of CeVO4 nanoparticles, hydrazine reduces graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and enables one-step synthesis. FESEM images showed that the rod-like CeVO4 nanoparticles were dispersed on the graphene plates. According to the obtained storage results, with the addition of graphene, the synergistic effect between the layers has increased and, as a result, the hydrogen storage capacity has increased. The highest amount of electrochemical storage of hydrogen in the synthesized nanocomposite was about 5430 mAh/g, which is a significant result compared to other nanostructures used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]