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In this paper, the dispersion characteristics of two standard single-mode optical fibers (SMFs), fabricated with silica and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are studied in telecommunication spectral regions. The effect of structural parameters, such as the radius of the fiber core and the relative core-cladding index difference, is numerically investigated. It is found that over whole spectral range, the PMMA-based SMF shows lower dispersion than the silica SMF. Also, the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) of PMMA-based SMF is longer than that of silica fiber. The results may be of practical importance for the telecommunication applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As one of the most life-threatening illnesses, cardiovascular diseases are often discerned with a high apoptosis rate because of exposure to the high level of oxidative stresses. The present study has investigated the interaction of the Linum Usitatissimum (Lu) and aerobic exercise (Ae) on apoptosis of aortic endothelial and heart tissue in rats intoxicated by H2O2. Methods: 56 male Albino Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups, included HC (Healthy Control), TC (Toxic-Control), Toxic-Lu1 (Received Lu, 5 mg/kg), Toxic-Lu2 (Received Lu, 10 mg/kg), Toxic-Ae (Received Aerobic Exercise), Toxic-Ae+Lu1, and Toxic-Ae+Lu2. Finally, the rats were sacrificed ethically, and the apoptotic biomarkers were measured in isolated aortic endothelial and heart tissues. Results: The interactive comparisons showed that the Ae and Lu had a significant interactive change on pro-apoptosis biomarkers. The BAX in aortic endothelial (P=0.0011) and heart (P=0.0007), caspase- 3 in aortic endothelial (P=0.0006) and heart (P=0.0016), and Bcl-2 in aortic endothelial (P=0.0018) and heart (P=0.0016) have significant interactive changes. No significant independent effect was observed. Post hoc test showed that group Toxic-Ae+Lu2 have the most significant improvement compared to the TC group (P=0.05). Conclusions: The simultaneous effect of Ae and Lu supplementation most effectively improved the apoptosis biomarkers and displayed potent cardioprotective effects compared to the singular administration of each intervention. Probably, the short rehabilitation period has caused nonsignificant independent changes. However, the interaction of Ae and Lu has shortened the treatment period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: As a high-energy demanding tissue, the heart is exposed to a high level of ROS molecules such as H2O2, leading to cardiovascular disorders through damaging macromolecules such as DNA and disrupting ATP production. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of aerobic exercise (Ae) and Linum Usitatissimum (Lu) supplementation on DNA damage and ATP synthesis in heart and aorta endothelial tissues in rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Material and Methods: 56 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, including HC (Healthy Control), TC (Toxicated Control), Lu1 (Received 5 mg/kg of Lu), Lu2 (Received 10 mg/kg of Lu), Ae (Received only Aerobic Exercise), Ae Lu1, and Ae Lu2. Then, all groups got poisoned by H2O2 except HC. Next, they received Linum Usitatissimum (Lu) supplementation and Low-Intensity Interval Training (LIIT). Finally, 24h after the last treatment session, the level of 6-methylguanine (6MG) and ATP were measured via the ELISA technique in cardiovascular tissue. Results: The findings determined that Lu supplementation and Ae significantly diminish the 6-methyl guanine level in endothelial (F=111.3, P=0.0008, η=0.9823) and heart cells (F=147.9, P=0.0005, η=0.9867). Also, the ATP level was increased significantly in endothelial (F=342.6, P=0.0003, η=0.9942) and heart cells (F=135.1, P=0.0013, η=0.9854). However, no considerable changes were found for both factors in groups who received Ae or Lu singularly. Conclusion: The study showed that concurrent administration of Lu and Ae could exert dynamic cardio protective properties through their antioxidant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]