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Background: Emergency medical personnel are among the people who play a major role in reducing the mortality and disability of the injured. This study determines the relationship between mental health and job satisfaction with professional ethics in emergency medical personnel. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 126 emergency medical personnel in Hamadan City, Iran. The data were collected using a 3-part demographic information questionnaire, the 28-item general health questionnaire, the Barry Field and Ruth job satisfaction questionnaire and the Cadozier professional ethics questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Stata software, version 14. Meanwhile, the significance level was considered P

The study considers the delamination resistance of carbon/epoxy laminates modified with Thermoplastic Nanoparticles of Polysulfone (TNPs). A new electrospinning nanofiber technique was utilized to convert polysulfone polymer into nanoparticles and uniformly disperse them within the resin. Fracture toughness was evaluated under loading modes I and II. In mode I, the toughness (GIC) increased significantly from 170 to 328 J/m² with TNPs incorporation. However, mode II showed minimal change, with GIIC values of 955 J/m² for virgin and 950 J/m² for TNPs-modified specimens. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to depict the influence of TNPs on damage characteristics and crack propagation patterns. In mode I, crack deviation enhanced toughness as TNPs bypassed the PSU, while in mode II, cracks propagated through TNPs, resulting in particle smearing on the epoxy surface. This highlights TNPs' potential to modify the fracture toughness in mode I loading, but their effect is constrained in mode II loading scenarios.

Background: Colon carcinoma poses a significant health challenge globally, particularly in developed nations where sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary choices, and genetic factors play a crucial role in its prevalence. Chemotherapy, the primary treatment method, carries severe side effects that can jeopardize patients' lives. Herbal extracts such as Ocimum Basillicum extract have shown effectiveness against cancer cells. Additionally, nanoparticles can significantly enhance drug delivery efficacy in these scenarios. Aim: This article aims to investigate the impact of copper nanoparticles coated with Ocimum Bassilicum at chemoradiotherapy of Colon Carcinoma to hopefully create new treatment options with fewer side effects for patients. Methodology: CuO bio-NPs were produced by the addition of 15 mL of extract dropwise to 80 mL of a 5 mM Cu (OAc)2 aqueous solution, which was then refluxed for 2 h at 100 °C. The mixture gradually became darker brown in color as a result of the heating procedure. The production of CuO NPs and the hydrogen-donating activity of antioxidant phenols within the plant are signaled by surface plasmon resonance excitation, which is the cause of this. In the cell culture, LS174t colon cancer cells were treated with OB extract, CuNPs, and OB-coated CuNPs with and without different radiation levels in order to assess cell viability, through the MTT assay, and the pro-apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic BCL2 expressions, through qPCR assay. Results: The results demonstrate a decrease in cell viability and the expression of BCL2 and an increase in the expression of BAX especially when treated with OB-coated CuNPs and even furthermore when paired with radiation therapy. Conclusions: After doing the clinical trial studies, the recent nanoparticles can be used for the treatment of Colorectal carcinoma.

Abstract In this study, a sensitive and selective fluorescent chemosensor was developed for the determination of pirimicarb pesticide by adopting the surface molecular imprinting approach. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanocomposite was prepared using pirimicarb as the template molecule, CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, and graphene quantum dots as a fluorophore (MIP-CuFe2O4/GQDs). It was then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The response surface methodology (RSM) was also employed to optimize and estimate the effective parameters of pirimicarb adsorption by this polymer. According to the experimental results, the average particle size and imprinting factor (IF) of this polymer are 53.61 nm and 2.48, respectively. Moreover, this polymer has an excellent ability to adsorb pirimicarb with a removal percentage of 99.92 at pH = 7.54, initial pirimicarb concentration = 10.17 mg/L, polymer dosage = 840 mg/L, and contact time = 6.15 min. The detection of pirimicarb was performed by fluorescence spectroscopy at a concentration range of 0–50 mg/L, and a sensitivity of 15.808 a.u/mg and a limit of detection of 1.79 mg/L were obtained. Real samples with RSD less than 2 were measured using this chemosensor. Besides, the proposed chemosensor demonstrated remarkable selectivity by checking some other insecticides with similar and different molecular structures to pirimicarb, such as diazinon, deltamethrin, and chlorpyrifos.

Today, higher education systems in general and engineering education in particular play a significant role in the sustainable development of countries. On the other hand, the production and development of different technologies has created new conditions for engineering education systems and has doubled its importance. In other words, engineering education should train engineers who can design effective solutions to meet the needs of society and adapt to new technological trends and tools, considering sustainable development. Therefore, along with the quantitative growth, the improvement of the quality of engineering education has been considered. In this regard, although Iran’s engineering education system has enjoyed increasing growth in recent years, its quality is challenged by overemphasis of the curriculum on theoretical knowledge, the mismatch of skills of the graduates with the needs of the labor market. Then, as graduates lack entrepreneurship skills their unemployment causes problems. Based on the above, this article, while examining the quantitative expansion of students in the engineering education system, analyzes challenges and the need to strengthen monitoring and assessment process to improve its quality. Then, the current situation and ideal role of Iranian Institute for Accreditation of Engineering Education are discussed.

This experiment is intended to determine the consequences of two artificial intelligence writing assistance tools, namely ProWritingAid and Grammarly, on the writing proficiency of Iranian Intermediate EFL learners. Additionally, the study seeks to ascertain which of these tools, ProWritingAid or Grammarly, exerts a more substantial influence on the writing competency of EFL pupils. A quasi-experimental study design was utilized. Through the Oxford Placement Test, a sample of 96 male students was selected from two private language institutes located in Marand, Iran. Two experimental groups and a control group were formed using a non-random allocation method. Each experimental group utilized one of the artificial intelligence writing aid technologies. Subsequently, an eight-session treatment phase was conducted. Then, one-way ANOVA was adopted to evaluate the results of the writing post-test and it pointed out that both experimental groups accomplished exceedingly well compared to the control group. In addition, it was observed that the group that utilized Grammarly exhibited significantly better performance in comparison to the group that used ProWritingAid. The study's conclusions have major ramifications for educators, language learners, and artificial intelligence writing aid technology developers. Educators have the opportunity to employ artificial intelligence driven writing assistance tools for the purpose of delivering prompt and customized feedback to students.

Using biomass-based catalysts in biodiesel production can make the process more economical and environmentally friendly. In this study, a new magnetic nanocatalyst was developed using banana peel biochar, ZIF-67, Fe3O4, and K2CO3, and then utilized in a catalytic transesterification process to convert waste cooking oils (WCO) into biodiesel. The level of free fatty acids of the treated WCO (WCOT) was reduced to generate a biodiesel with more suitable characteristics. The physicochemical aspects of the magnetic nanocatalyst were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and map techniques. In the transesterification process, the effect of temperature, methanol-to-oil ratio, process time, and nanocatalyst weight on the potential of nanocatalyst to produce biodiesel from WCO and WCOT was explored. The highest yield of biodiesel from WCO (96.82%) and WCOT (99.18%) was attained at 65 °C, nanocatalyst weight of 3 wt %, methanol-to-oil ratio of 19:1, a processing time of 3 h, and a mixing rate of 600 rpm. Based on thermodynamic studies, the biodiesel production process was endothermic and non-spontaneous. The regeneration of the nanocatalyst was studied using various solvents and n-hexane had a good ability to recover the catalyst (90% up to 5 stages). The results of the 1H NMR test revealed that the desired nanocatalyst had a high potential to generate biodiesel from WCO and WCOT. The properties of produced biodiesel met ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.

Fault location has significant importance in energy management system and has been used for many years. Recently, wide-area fault location using phasor measurement units (PMU) has attracted many attentions. However, measurement uncertainties decrease the accuracy of available methods. In this paper, a wide-area fault location method based on weighted maximum exponential squares (WMES) algorithm is proposed which has high robustness against measurement uncertainties. In this method, the measurements are weighted appropriately based on the uncertainty propagation theorem. Using WMES algorithm guarantees the robustness of the proposed method against bad data resulted from measurement uncertainty. In the previous methods, only voltage measurements are used in fault location; however, the formulation in this paper is developed to consider the current measurements provided by PMUs in addition to voltage ones for detecting the fault location. Results of simulation on the standard IEEE 57-bus network illustrates the efficiency of proposed fault location method based on the WMES compared to the other methods.

Abstract Introduction Falls among older adults are a significant cause of disability, injury, and death worldwide. The high incidence of falls in older adults, combined with the increased susceptibility to injury of the older adult population, leads to severe global health issues. Further studies are needed to comprehensively evaluate the typical personal and environmental risk factors of falls in the Iranian elderly population. Future preventive strategies and intervention programs will be based on these findings. The study determined the risk factors associated with unintentional falls among a representative sample of older adults living in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Methods The study design was cross-sectional. The target population was men/women aged 65 years and over from the general population living in 22 different districts of Tehran who were selected by stratified random sampling. The researchers gathered the data using validated questionnaires and observations. The informed consent was obtained from all participants before starting the interview. Multivariate logistic regression analysis examined the association between falls occurring during the past 12 months with demographics/ socioeconomics and fall-related predictor factors. Results The risk of falls was higher in women (47.0%) and those aged ≥ 75 years (44.1%). Older adults who were married had their fall risk reduced by 36.4% compared with other types of marital status. Older adults who were illiterate (48.1%), housewives (47.0%), and always had concerns about living expenses (53.9%) tended significantly to have a higher risk of falls. Moreover, participants who live with their family were less likely to fall than those who live alone (36.5% vs. 40.4%). Persons with safe homes were less likely to experience falls than persons with unsafe homes (30.9% vs. 41.4%). The logistic regression analysis showed that the female gender, being worried about living expenses, home safety, functional behavior, and function factors, were independently associated with the risk of falls during the past 12 months. Conclusions Our findings revealed that a wide range of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contributed to injurious falls; based on the literature, some are preventable. The present data may be helpful as a starting point and guide future efforts for health providers and policymakers to allocate additional resources and develop proper falls prevention or intervention programs at the community level.

Background and Objectives: This study uses finite element analysis to evaluate the impact of abutment angulation, types, and framework materials on the stress distribution and fatigue performance of dental implant systems. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional models of maxillary three-unit fixed implant-supported prostheses were analyzed. Abutments with different angles and types were used. Two different framework materials were used. Conducted on implants, a force of 150 N was applied obliquely, directed from the palatal to the buccal aspect, at a specific angle of 30 degrees. The distribution of stress and fatigue performance were then assessed, considering the types of restoration frameworks used and the angles of the abutments in three distinct locations. The simulation aspect of the research was carried out utilizing Abaqus Software (ABAQUS 2020, Dassault Systems Simulation Corp., Johnston, RT, USA). Results: In all models, fatigue strengths in the premolar region were higher than in the molar region. Maximum stress levels were seen in models with angled implants. In almost all models with the zirconia framework, fatigue performance was slightly lower. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it was concluded that the use of metal-framework multi-unit restorations with minimum angulation has significant positive effects on the biomechanics and long-term success of implant treatments.

Current methods of colon cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy, require new treatment methods due to adverse side effects. One important area of interest in recent years is the use of nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles since several studies have revealed that they can improve the target specificity of the treatment thus lowering the dosage of the drugs while preserving the effectiveness of the treatment thus reducing the side effects. The use of traditional medicine has also been a favorite topic of interest in recent years in medical research, especially cancer research. In this research work, the green synthesis of Fe nanoparticles was carried out using Mentha spicata extract and the synthesized nanoparticles were identified using FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM and EDS techniques. Then the effect of Mentha spicata, Fe nanoparticles, and Mentha spicata -loaded Fe nanoparticles on LS174t colon cancer cells, and our result concluded that all three, especially Mentha spicata -loaded Fe nanoparticles, have great cytotoxic effects against LS174t cells, and exposure to radiotherapy just further intensified these results. The in vitro condition revealed alterations in the expression of pro-apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic Bcl2, suggesting a pro-apoptotic effect from all three components, particularly the Mentha spicata-loaded Fe nanoparticles. After further clinical trials, these nanoparticles can be used to treat colon cancer.

Abstract The narrow escape theory (NET) predicts the escape time distribution of Brownian particles confined to a domain with reflecting borders except for one small window. Applications include molecular activation events in cell biology and biophysics. Specifically, the mean first passage time $$\bar{\tau }$$ τ ¯ can be analytically calculated from the size of the domain, the escape window, and the diffusion coefficient of the particles. In this study, we systematically tested the NET in a disc by variation of the escape opening. Our model system consisted of micro-patterned lipid bilayers. For the measurement of $$\bar{\tau }$$ τ ¯ , we imaged diffusing fluorescently-labeled lipids using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. We overcame the lifetime limitation of fluorescent probes by re-scaling the measured time with the fraction of escaped particles. Experiments were complemented by matching stochastic numerical simulations. To conclude, we confirmed the NET prediction in vitro and in silico for the disc geometry in the limit of small escape openings, and we provide a straightforward solution to determine $$\bar{\tau }$$ τ ¯ from incomplete experimental traces.

Abstract Background Durum wheat is one of the most important crops, especially in the Mediterranean region. Insight into the genetic diversity of germplasm can improve the breeding program management in various traits. This study was done using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers to characterize the genetic distinctiveness and differentiation of tetraploid wheat landraces collected from nine European and Asian countries. A sum of 23,334 polymorphic SNPs was detected in 126 tetraploid wheat landraces in relation to the reference genome. Results The number of identified SNPs was 11,613 and 11,721 in A and B genomes, respectively. The highest and lowest diversity was on 6B and 6 A chromosomes, respectively. Structure analysis classified the landraces into two distinct subpopulations (K = 2). Evaluating the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and weighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (WPGMA) clustering results demonstrated that landraces (99.2%) are categorized into one of the two chief subpopulations. Therefore, the grouping pattern did not clearly show the presence of a clear pattern of relationships between genetic diversity and their geographical derivation. Part of this result could be due to the historical exchange between different germplasms. Although the result did not separate landraces based on their region of origin, the landraces collected from Iran were classified into the same group and cluster. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) also confirmed the results of population structure. Finally, Durum wheat landraces in some countries, including Turkey, Russia, Ukraine, and Afghanistan, were highly diverse, while others, including Iran and China, were low-diversity. Conclusion The recent study concluded that the 126 tetraploid wheat genotypes and their GBS-SNP markers are very appropriate for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The core collection comprises two distinct subpopulations. Subpopulation II genotypes are the most diverse genotypes, and if they possess desired traits, they may be used in future breeding programs. The degree of diversity in the landraces of countries can provide the ground for the improvement of new cultivars with international cooperation. linkage disequilibrium (LD) hotspot distribution across the genome was investigated, which provides useful information about the genomic regions that contain intriguing genes.

Introduction: The aim of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs is to correct or eliminate risk factors and ultimately reduce injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of neuromuscular exercises on knee and ankle joint proprioception in male soccer player students prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Material & Methods: In this quasi-experimental research, 24 male soccer players prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury at Khorazmi University of Tehran in 2018 were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=12) and control groups (n=12). Two days before the commencement of neuromuscular training, knee and ankle proprioception assessment was performed on all subjects. The members of the experimental group participated in the neuromuscular training program for six weeks (3 sessions per week). Two days after finishing the training, all subjects were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using Shapiro-Wilk, covariance, and paired t-tests. Findings: In this study, among 24 students prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury, 12 cases performed neuromuscular training for six weeks. The results demonstrated that knee proprioception (P=0.013) and ankle proprioception (in inversion movement p=0.032, in eversion movement P=0.047) in the experimental group improved significantly after six weeks of neuromuscular training compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the use of neuromuscular training can be recommended to improve the proprioception of the knee and ankle joints and ultimately prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Extended Abstract Introduction and Objective: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) also called macaroni wheat is a tetraploid species of wheat that has been improved during consecutive selection processes in Emmer wheat. Hence, it seems that a high level of genetic diversity exists in its germplasm and it can serve as an ideal gene pool for the improvement of cultivated varieties. The main objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity in a set of durum wheat genotypes in terms of grain yield and some agronomic traits. Materials and Methods: In this research, 94 durum wheat genotypes were investigated at the country's dryland agriculture research station in Serarud, Kermanshah, in the form of an augmented design with six repeated controls during two crop years 2016-2017 and 2017-2028. To study the genetic diversity of the studied genotypes agronomic traits such as the number of days to heading, number of days to physiological maturity, plant height, 1000-kernals weight, and grain yield were measured. After collecting experimental data, analysis of variance was done based on the best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) models. The GT-biplot method was used to identify the superior genotypes based on grain yield and other traits. Results: The results showed that the genotypic effect was significant for all measured traits in both years (except for grain yield for the first year). The estimated genotypic variance for each of the measured traits was high in both agronomic years. According to the results obtained from the comparison of the genotypes' mean, it was found that genotypes numbers 24, 80, and 83 were relatively superior to other genotypes in terms of grain yield and other agronomic traits. Also, the results of GT analysis indicated the existence of a higher level of genetic diversity in terms of measured traits. As another result of this study, grain yield positively and significantly correlated with 1000-kernel weight. Conclusion: In general, according to the results obtained from this research, a high level of genetic diversity was found for grain yield and other measured traits in the investigated durum wheat genotypes, so this genetic diversity can be used in breeding programs to improve yield performance. Moreover, it seems that some selected genotypes for grain yield and other agronomic traits can be exploited for the simultaneous improvement of more than one trait in crossbreeding programs.

The phenomenon of Fault-Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery (FIDVR) appears in networks with high penetration of induction motor loads because the increase in requested reactive powers of motor loads after clearing the fault prevents the rapid return of the bus voltage to the pre-fault level. Load shedding is one of the effective ways to deal with the FIDVR phenomenon, which causes the amount of demand to approach the production of reactive power. In this paper, a wide-area load-shedding method is presented, which performs based on network conditions and loads. Since the introduced indicators for determining the locations and amounts of loads to be shed are based on the values of bus voltages, loads currents, and network impedance matrix; therefore, the proposed method can effectively shed the loads and deal effectively with FIDVR. The voltage estimation process is an important tool to predict the voltages at future moments and is defined based on the modified Gauss-Seidel load flow and the three-order model of the induction motor. This tool enables the proposed method to understand the effect of applying load shedding on voltage recovery and prevents the application of unnecessary ones.

Recently, governmental legislations, limitation of natural resources and adverse effects of End-of-Life products on ecological system have spurred researchers to design closed-loop supply chains. Natural gas has been used globally as a transitional fuel for supporting a green-energy-supply strategy, which has been questioned for the intermittence and lack of reliability of renewables. Natural gas has a complex and large supply chain including fields, processing plants, transmission pipelines, and distribution centers, etc. This article develops a theoretical conceptualization of supply chain uncertainty, based on the foundation provided by contingency theory. However, a qualitative analysis of the uncertainties and their sources is missing. Therefore, in this paper the authors propose an empirical approach to the identification of uncertainty occurring in the closed‐loop supply chain of Natural Gas Supply Chain (uncertainty in supply, process, demand, control, and environmental uncertainty). The investigation methodology consists of a content analysis of press media documents related to natural gas industry. Consequently, the evidences of uncertainty found are classified in a spectrum between statistical uncertainty and total ignorance (levels of uncertainty). In order to remain competitive in the market, firms are forced to expand their product offerings and offer high levels of customization, bringing about high uncertainty in their supply chain.

Objective:The sleep/wake cycle plays a vital role in mental health and daily life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of circadian rhythm sleep disorders in the young population and their effect on psychological health and mental disability.Materials and Methods:The present study is part of the first phase of the Ravansar cohort (a branch of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran cohort) and included 2991 participants from Ravansar, Iran. Data were collected using standard questionnaires, including the Kessler Psychological Distress (PD) Scale (K10), Sheehan Disability Scale, and sleep timing.Results:The prevalence of advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD) was 0.4% in the sample, the prevalence of delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) was 4.1%, and the prevalence of the desire to change sleep patterns was 61.3%. The results also showed that the level of PD in people with and without ASPD was not significant, but the level of PD was significantly higher in people with DSPD compared to those without (p

Traditional inspection methods often fall short in detecting defects or damage in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structures, which can compromise their performance and safety over time. A prime example is barely visible impact damage (BVID) caused by out-of-plane loadings such as indentation and low-velocity impact that can considerably reduce the residual strength. Therefore, developing advanced visual inspection techniques is essential for early detection of defects, enabling proactive maintenance and extending the lifespan of composite structures. This study explores the viability of using novel bio-inspired hybrid composite sensors for detecting BVID in laminated FRP composite structures. Drawing inspiration from the colour-changing mechanisms found in nature, hybrid composite sensors composed of thin-ply glass and carbon layers are designed and attached to the surface of laminated FRP composites exposed to transverse loading. A comprehensive experimental characterisation, including quasi-static indentation and low-velocity impact tests alongside non-destructive evaluations such as ultrasonic C-scan and visual inspection, is conducted to assess the sensors’ efficacy in detecting BVID. Moreover, a comparison between the two transverse loading types, static indentation and low-velocity impact, is presented. The results suggest that integrating sensors into composite structures has a minimal effect on mechanical properties such as structural stiffness and energy absorption, while substantially improving damage visibility. Additionally, the influence of fibre orientation of the sensing layer on sensor performance is evaluated, and correlations between internal and surface damage are demonstrated.

AbstractBackground: A main problem in the proper management of non–muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the under staging of lesions after initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUBRT). Under staging is much more likely in T1 tumors when the detrusor muscle is absent. So, we evaluated under-staging and residual tumor in patients with complete initial TURBT, whose initial pathological samples revealed the presence of the detrusor muscle.Methods: In this prospective study performed in our hospital from August 2018 to April 2020, 51 patients with newly diagnosed T1 bladder tumor were enrolled according to our criteria and underwent standard Re-TURBT before eight weeks after the initial TURBT.Results: Of the 51 patients who underwent Re-TURBT, 12 patients (23.5%) had tumors, of whom eight patients had microscopic, and four patients had macroscopic tumors. None of them were upstaged or upgraded. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of tumor in Re-TURBT and the size of the primary tumor (> 3 cm) and the number of tumors (> 1). Not only no changes were observed in the stage and grade of the disease, but also the treatment plan of the patients did not change despite imposing financial burden on the patient and the health system.Conclusion: Re-TURBT is not necessary for all superficial bladder tumors, especially in the case of complete initial TURBT and also in the presence of the detrusor muscle in the pathological sample, and when the tumor is single and less than three centimeters in size.

Amaç: Diş dokusundan daha az madde kaldırmak ve daha iyi estetik sonuçlar elde etmek için inlay, onlay ve overlay restorasyonlar, posterior dişlerdeki geniş kaviteler için iyi bir tedavi seçeneğidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı minimal invaziv restorasyonlarla rehabilite edilen, Mezio-okluza-distal (MOD) kusurlu mandibular büyük azı dişlerine gelen stres dağılımını incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Daha önce çekilmiş sağlam bir mandibular molar diş uygulama için bulundu ve inlay, onlay ve overlay restorasyonların hazırlanmasına uygun preperasyonlar yapıldı. Her aşama sonrasında model tarayıcı ile taranarak EXOCAD programına aktarıldı ve aynı formatla ilgili restorasyonlar dizaynlandı. Tüm datalar Solidworks programına aktarılarak çakıştırma işlemi yapıldı ve ABAQUS programında restorasyona üç farklı materyalin özellikleri verilerek her birine aksiyal yönde 600 N kuvvet, modellerin okluzal tablalarına uygulandı. Bulgular: Elde edilen sonuçlardan bağımsız olarak, herhangi bir doku ya da restorasyona gelen kuvvetler, dayanım sınırlarının üzerinde değildi. Mineye iletilen maksimum principal stresleri karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek değer inlay için en düşük değer ise overlay için bulundu. Direkt, restorasyonda ortaya çıkan stresler için en yüksek maksimum principal stres değerleri overlay için görülürken, onlay ve inlay arasındaki fark çok da büyük değildi. Zirkonyum içerikli cam seramiklerde (Vita Suprinity) ortaya çıkan stres, rezin matrikse sahip seramik materyallere (Cerasmart, Shofu Block HC Hard) kıyasla daha fazla olsa da; destek dokulara iletilen stresin daha az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Minimal invaziv restorasyon seçenekleri düşünüldüğünde restorasyonun kapladığı alan ve tüberkül sayısı arttıkça mineye iletilen kuvvet de belirgin şekilde azalır. Bunun yanında daha yüksek elastik modülüne sahip restorasyonların kullanılması destek dişte oluşabilecek mine kırıklarını önlemek açısından daha iyi bir seçenektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: CAD/CAM Seramikler, Minimal İnvaziv Restorasyonlar, Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi

In today’s competitive world, uncertainty is an integral part of all optimization problems. One of the cases where uncertainty has the greatest impact on optimization issues is SCN design. In most of the conducted studies, parameters such as demand, transportation cost and capacity of tehsils have been published in an uncertain manner. In this type of problem, various methods have been used to control these uncertainty parameters, which can be referred to as fuzzy programming, robust optimization, two-stage stochastic programming, multi-stage stochastic programming, multi-stage fuzzy stochastic programming, fuzzy robust optimization. Each of the mentioned methods has limitations in terms of its implementation. in the fuzzy programming method, there is no deviation from the data collected by experts’ opinions. In probabilistic methods, it is very difficult to determine the exact type of distribution function. Therefore, many researchers have investigated the strengths and weaknesses of each method in their studies. Therefore, in this paper we try to review the strength and weakness of these methods to apply the best approaches for different situations. In this paper, a real-world case study of a natural gas supply chain is investigated. By using concepts related to natural gas industry and the relations among the components of transmission and distribution network, a Five-level supply chain has been introduced and presented schematically.

Abstract The fault‐induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) and short‐term voltage instability (STVI) phenomena appear in networks with high penetration of induction motor loads because the increase in requested reactive powers of these loads prevents the voltages from quickly returning to their pre‐fault levels. Load shedding (LS) is one of the ways to deal with FIDVR and STVI and reduce the imbalance between the generation and demand of reactive power. Under‐voltage (UV) relays that disconnect loads during voltage drop cannot effectively deal with this phenomenon because of their inability to detect the effective loads on the reduction of FIDVR and STVI severities. Therefore, the operation of UV relays during these phenomena causes unnecessary load disconnection, and the interference of their operations with FIDVR and STVI must be avoided. This paper presents two wide‐area approaches based on network and loads parameters, the first of which deals with the most critical FIDVR, and the second tries to simultaneously handle critical FIDVRs of all buses. Also, bus prioritization for LS during STVI has been addressed. Simulation results revealed the better performance of the proposed approaches than the previous ones in terms of the amount of LS and the number of selected buses for LS.

IntroductionThis large case-control study explored the application of machine learning models to identify risk factors for primary invasive incident breast cancer (BC) in the Iranian population. This study serves as a bridge toward improved BC prevention, early detection, and management through the identification of modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors. MethodsThe dataset includes 1,009 cases and 1,009 controls, with comprehensive data on lifestyle, health-behavior, reproductive and sociodemographic factors. Different machine learning models, namely Random Forest (RF), Neural Networks (NN), Bootstrap Aggregating Classification and Regression Trees (Bagged CART), and Extreme Gradient Boosting Tree (XGBoost), were employed to analyze the data. ResultsThe findings highlight the significance of a chest X-ray history, deliberate weight loss, abortion history, and post-menopausal status as predictors. Factors such as second-hand smoking, lower education, menarche age (>14), occupation (employed), first delivery age (18-23), and breastfeeding duration (>42 months) were also identified as important predictors in multiple models. The RF model exhibited the highest Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.9, as indicated by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Following closely was the Bagged CART model with an AUC of 0.89, while the XGBoost model achieved a slightly lower AUC of 0.78. In contrast, the NN model demonstrated the lowest AUC of 0.74. On the other hand, the RF model achieved an accuracy of 83.9% and a Kappa coefficient of 67.8% and the XGBoost, achieved a lower accuracy of 82.5% and a lower Kappa coefficient of 0.6.ConclusionThis study could be beneficial for targeted preventive measures according to the main risk factors for BC among high-risk women.

Purpose Despite to high burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs), the RTI epidemiology has received less attention with rare investments on robust population cohorts. The PERSIAN Traffic Safety and Health Cohort (PTSHC) was designed to assess the potential causal relationships between human factors and RTI mortality, injuries, severity of the injury, hospitalised injury, violation of traffic law as well as offer the strongest scientific evidence.Participants The precrash cohort study is carried out in four cities of Tabriz, Jolfa, Shabestar and Osku in East Azerbaijan province located in northwest Iran. The participants were people who sampled among the general population. The cluster sampling method was used to enrol the households in this study. The PTSHC encompasses a wide and comprehensive range and types of data. These include not only the common cohort data collections such as medical examination measures, previous medical history, bio assays and behavioural assessments but also includes data obtained using advanced novel technologies, for example, electronic travel monitoring, driving simulation and neuro-psycho-physiologic laboratory assessments specifically developed for traffic health field.Findings to date A total of 7200 participants aged 14 years and above were enrolled at baseline, nearly half of them being men. The mean age of participants was 39.2 (SD=19.9) years. The majority of participants (55.4%) belonged to the age group of 30–56 years. Currently, approximately 1 200 000 person-measurements have been collected.Future plans PSTHC will be used to determine the human-related risk factors by adjusting for the vehicle and land-use-related factors. Therefore, a lot of crashes can be prevented using effective interventions. Although this cohort provides valuable data, it is planned to increase its size to achieve the highest level of evidence with higher generalisability. Also, according to the national agreement this cohort is going to be extended to several geographical regions in second decade.

Abstract Aim The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic confronted healthcare providers, especially physicians and nurses, with many unprecedented changes and physical and psychological pressures. This study aimed to explore the healthcare providers' experiences providing healthcare services for patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic in “Golestan, Northeast Iran”. Design Qualitative, conventional content analysis. Methods A total of 13 eligible participants were recruited through the purposeful sampling method. Data were gathered using semi‐structured in‐depth individual interviews. Transcripts were analysed using an inductive content analysis based on the Elo and Kyngas model. The COREQ checklist was used to prepare the manuscript. Results The analysis of the data in this study led to the development of 16 subthemes and 5 themes emerged as follows pervasive chaos, imposed difficulties, paradoxical perceptions, committed efforts, and constructive transition. Conclusion The experience of HCPs during the COVID pandemic in “Iran” showed that despite the physical, mental, emotional, and social consequences, a kind of constructive evolution and transition has also taken place in personal, professional, and organizational dimensions. It is suggested that managers while strengthening and protecting the capabilities and skills that have emerged, to reduce the tensions of HCPs, have developed programs for comprehensive support from them in physical, psychological, social, and financial dimensions. Relevance to Clinical Practice It is necessary to improve inter‐professional cooperation, empathy, teamwork, professional commitment, and continuous learning in crises.

The global methanol market size was USD 27.95 Billion in 2020 and is projected to grow from USD 28.74 billion in 2021 to USD 39.18 billion in 2028 at a CAGR of 4.5% during the 2021-2028 period. The methanol-to-olefins (MTO) reaction is one of the most important reactions in C1 chemistry, which provides a chance for producing basic petrochemicals from nonoil resources such as coal and natural gas. As olefin-based petrochemicals and relevant downstream processes have been well developed for many years, MTO is believed to be a linkage between coal or natural gas chemical industry and modern petrochemical industry. Many institutions and companies have put great effort to the research of MTO reaction since it was first proposed by Mobil Corporation in 1977. Getting ethylene and propylene from methanol by the MTO process represents a major progress in chemical technology in recent years. This paper deals with the conceptual design of an energy efficient and cost-effective MTO process. Hence, we try to introduce the basic value chain management of Methanol to Olefin Process and hope to give the researcher a holistic approach to develop this research by mathematical modeling, system thinking approaches and so on. The economic evaluation results revealed that the conversion of methanol to olefins is more attractive for investment than the sale of crude methanol. The development of methanol to olefins units is more economical than constructing a new gas to ethylene, polyethylene and propylene unit because of the lower investment costs.

Introduction: Among cereals, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is one of the most important protein and energy sources after bread wheat. It has a significant role in human nutrition in most countries. Materials and methods: In this study, in order to identify and localization of QTLs controlling traits related to flag leaf and peduncle, 118 durum wheat recombinant inbred lines obtained from the cross between the local genotype of Iran-249 originated from the west of Iran and the local cultivar of Zardak from Kermanshah were evaluated in three environments under rainfall conditions using randomized complete block design along with parents in three replications. QTL analysis for each trait was performed using the inclusive composite interval mapping method to identify genomic regions that significantly affected the studied traits. Results: Based on the analysis of variance, the effect of genotype (recombinant inbred line) was significant in terms of traits related to flag leaf and peduncle in three environments, which indicates the existence of appropriate levels of genetic diversity in the studied population for measured traits. The results of QTL analysis using the inclusive composite interval mapping method led to the identification of 33 QTL for the measured traits. The common and stable QTLs were located in at least two environments on chromosomes 1A, 1B.1, 2B.1 and 5A for peduncle length and diameter traits and on chromosomes 2A, 5A and 7A for flag leaf length, flag leaf width and flag leaf area. Identification of repeatable QTLs in the different environments can indicate the existence of stable genomic regions related to flag leaf and peduncle. On the other hand, a positive and significant correlation was observed between the traits, probably due to the linkage or pleiotropic effect of their controlling QTLs. Also, based on QTL analysis using the two-locus method, the additive main effect, as well as the interaction effect of the QTL× environment, was significant for all traits except for the middle and bottom peduncle diameter. In total, six gene loci with significant additive× additive epistasis effects were identified for the flag leaf area-related traits and top peduncle diameter. Conclusion: Identification and localization of stable QTLs in different environments for some traits related to flag leaf and peduncle can assist in understanding better the genetic basis of these traits to be used in breeding programs, especially in MAS projects.

In response to the global megatrends of digitalization and transportation automation, Turku University of Applied Sciences has developed a test platform to advance autonomous maritime operations. This platform includes the unmanned surface vessel eM/S Salama and a remote operations center, both of which are detailed in this article. The article highlights the importance of collecting and annotating multi-modal sensor data from the vessel. These data are vital for developing deep learning algorithms that enhance situational awareness and guide autonomous navigation. By securing relevant data from maritime environments, we aim to enhance the autonomous features of unmanned surface vessels using deep learning techniques. The annotated sensor data will be made available for further research through open access. An image dataset, which includes synthetically generated weather conditions, is published alongside this article. While existing maritime datasets predominantly rely on RGB cameras, our work underscores the need for multi-modal data to advance autonomous capabilities in maritime applications.

In the Industrial Internet of Things, a wide variety of sensors are distributed all over the environment to monitor data collection, thereby allowing industrial processes to be monitored more efficiently. One of the fundamental goals of IIoT is to provide the highest level of reliability while simultaneously increasing network lifetime, reducing power consumption, and preventing delays. 6TiSCH is a popular communication standard relied upon in IIoT. The aim of the present study is to propose an inter-layer method that simultaneously considers network scheduling and routing processes based on TSCH and RPL approaches in multi-sink environments. The proposed method is intended to address the limitations of IIoT and meet the requirements of field-specific applications.

Oceans cover approximately 71% of the Earth's surface and provide numerous services to the environment and humans. Precise, real-time, and large-scale monitoring of the oceanographic parameters is essential for ocean conservation and understanding the interactions between oceans and the atmosphere. In this regard, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, with unique capabilities (e.g., day-night and almost all-weather data acquisition), provide valuable datasets for ocean studies. Many studies have exploited the applications of SAR imagery for oceans and have proposed numerous methods to study oceanographic parameters. In this study, a brief introduction to SAR and the interaction between microwave signals and the ocean surface are initially provided. Then, the important spaceborne and airborne SAR systems for oceanographic applications are summarized. Subsequently, 12 different applications of SAR systems in the ocean are comprehensively discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of SAR systems for ocean studies are extensively explored. Finally, the research trend on SAR applications in the ocean is provided by analyzing all the relevant papers published between 1973 and the end of December 2022, and the existing challenges are discussed for future studies.

Abstract Two major aflatoxin-producing strains are Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Probiotic bacteria have been identified as a potential means to fight aspergilli and reduce the availability of aflatoxin (AFs) as well as other food contaminants. In this study, the potential of ABRIIFBI-6 and ABRIIFBI-7 strains to inhibit the growth of aspergilli was investigated. Both strains survived in the simulated gastrointestinal conditions and inhibited the growth of Aspergillus significantly. Auto-aggregation ranged from 67.4 ± 1.9 for ABRIIFBI-6 to 75.8 ± 2.3% for ABRIIFBI-7, and hydrophobicity ranged from 57.3 ± 1.6 to 61.2 ± 1.4% for ABRIIFBI-6 and ranged from 51.2 ± 1.4 to 55.4 ± 1.8% for ABRIIFBI-7. The ranges of coaggregation with Staphylococcus aureus were 51.3 ± 1.7 and 52.4 ± 1.8% for ABRIIFBI-6 and ABRIIFBI-7, respectively, while coaggregation with Bacillus cereus was 57.9 ± 2.1 and 49.3 ± 1.9% for ABRIIFBI-6 and ABRIIFBI-7, respectively. Both strains indicated remarkable sensitivity to clinical antibiotics. According to the analysis of the identified potential probiotics, the findings of this study could significantly contribute to the understanding of the probiotic potential of LAB in dairy products in order to access their probiotic characterization for use as biocontrol of aflatoxin-producing species.

Undoubtedly, the world of childhood is one of the most important periods in the life of every human being, a period during which everyone's personality is formed. Therefore, education and intellectual products offered to the child in this period are significant. Animation is a tool affecting the thinking of this age group. Among the humor works that have been done in this field in Iran is the "Shekarestan" animation TV series (2008). It is rooted in old Iranian-Eastern stories, proverbs, fables, and folk tales. This animation TV series has been dubbed into other languages including Arabic. The humor used in this series has special subtleties, which require a lot of care and attention to translate into Arabic. This paper seeks to criticize and analyze the humor translation methods used in the story "False Brother" of this series via a descriptive-analytical method based on the humor translation approach of Magdalena Panek. The result shows that the literal translation method, which is the most profitable humor translation method from the author's point of view, has a high frequency in this part of the series, and this issue has greatly reduced the artistic value of the dubbing group. However, for their efforts, this group has used other strategies of Panek’s techniques, such as modulation, paraphrase, condensation, substitution, deletion, neologisms, and transposition. The general result of this research is that the Arabic dubbing team has not been very successful in localizing this part of Shekarestan in Arabic culture and the humor used in the original language of this story has been sacrificed to the Arabic dubbing.

Abstract We aimed to explain the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exosomes) on gene expressions of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Four different cell lines were employed, including ACHN, 5637, LNCaP, and PC3, as well-known representatives for renal, bladder, hormone-sensitive, and hormone-refractory prostate cancers, respectively. Cell lines were exposed to diverse concentrations of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes to find IC50 values. Percentages of apoptotic cells were evaluated by Annexin/P.I. staining. Micro Culture Tetrazolium Test assessed proliferative inhibitory effect; and prostate biomarker (KLK2), EMT (E-cadherin and Snail), angiogenesis genes (VEGF-A/VEGF-C), apoptosis genes (BAX/BCL2, P53) and Osteopontin variants (OPNa/b, and c) mRNA levels were studied by realtime PCR method. All 5637, LNCaP, and PC3 following treatment with exosomes illustrated specific responses with changes in expression of different genes. The increased TP53 and decreased BCL2 expressions were seen in 5637, LNCaP, and PC3. In PC3, OPNb and OPNc have raised more than P53; in LNCap, the increase was in VEGF-c. In 5637 cells, more than TP53 and BCL2 changes, two other genes, VEGFa and B.A.X., have decreased, suggesting exosomes’ anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects. The kidney tumor cell line saw no significant gene expression change in ten targeted genes. MSC-exosomes therapy has augmented some interesting antitumor effects on prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer cell lines. This effect which originates from exosomes’ potency to persuade apoptosis and prevent the proliferation of cancer cells simultaneously, was more substantial in bladder cancer, moderate in prostate cancer, and mild in renal cancer.

Introduction: Knowledge of the amount of genetic diversity in germplasms provides plant breeders with valuable information for the effective preservation of genetic resources and their use. More knowledge about genetic diversity and genetic factors of diversity is very beneficial for exploring new genes. Maintaining such diversity and using it in breeding programs is one of the main principles of biological conservation and genetic breeding of crop plants.Materials and methods: This research was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity in 20 different durum wheat genotypes, including landraces, improved cultivars, and breeding lines using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. In this research, 31 RAPD primers and 13 ISSR primers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity in durum wheat genotypes.Results: Based on the results, the studied genotypes had significant diversity based on both molecular markers. In RAPD analysis, 31 primers amplified 319 bands, of which 204 bands were polymorphic and the percentage of polymorphic bands was estimated at 63.94%. In ISSR markers, 13 primers produced 125 bands, of which 88 bands were polymorphic and the total percentage of polymorphic bands was estimated at 70.4%. Genetic similarity and cluster analysis of RAPD and ISSR were estimated using the Jaccard coefficient. For RAPD, the similarity index values ​​ranged from 0.22 to 0.90, and for ISSR from 0.22 to 0.94, which indicated the presence of high genetic diversity at the molecular level for the studied genotypes. The results of cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis based on each of the RAPD and ISSR markers grouped genotypes into four groups. The results of the research showed that RAPD and ISSR markers are suitable markers for genetic diversity studies in durum wheat. But the ISSR marker is preferable due to its greater compatibility with the geographical origin, high reproducibility, and the similar cost as RAPD. The results showed that the grouping patterns of durum wheat genotypes are not mainly due to their geographical origins. The results indicated that the grouping of populations in different geographical regions in similar groups is probably due to the gene flow between regions through the gradual exchange of grains between farmers. This could also be due to the previous selection for sum agronomical traits in the populations for tolerance to environmental stresses. Conclusion: Based on both markers, genotype # 20 (Stj3//Bcr/lks4) showed a different response from the other genotypes, so it was placed in a separate group in the analysis based on each of the markers. Therefore, this genotype can be used as one of the parents in crossing with other genotypes in subsequent studies.

Durum wheat is the second most important crop of wheat and the tenth most important crop in the world, which includes about 6% of the area under wheat cultivation and its annual production is between 37-40 million tons. Countries with Mediterranean climates are the largest producers of durum wheat and the largest consumers of durum wheat products. Historically, durum wheat is well adapted to a dry area with variable precipitation rates and terminal heat stress, such as the Mediterranean basin. In fact, the countries of the Mediterranean basin (Algeria, Turkey, Italy, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, France, Spain, and Greece) account for almost 50% of the world's cultivated area and production of durum wheat. Outside this basin, Canada, Mexico, the United States, Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and India are the largest producers of durum wheat, respectively. Durum wheat is genetically, morphologically, and physiologically different from bread wheat, and in terms of chemical compounds, its amount of protein, minerals, vitamins, and carotenoid pigments is higher than bread wheat. Durum wheat with hard vitreous and yellow grains, in addition to providing an important source of energy, possessing a wide range of minerals and vitamins, protein and gluten, beta-carotene pigment (antioxidants and anti-cancer compounds) as well as simple carbohydrates, minerals, and other nutrients compounds that are essential in the human diet. Durum wheat is one of the most important foods with a high percentage of protein (12-14% and sometimes up to 22%) compared to rice (7%) and bread wheat (10 to 12%). In durum wheat, the amount of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and copper is much higher than the amount of these elements in bread wheat and brown and white rice. The high content of these elements in durum wheat grain indicates the importance of the nutritional value of this product compared to the mentioned products that provide a major part of the consumer's food basket. In addition to semolina, which is used in the preparation of paste products such as macaroni and spaghetti, lasagna, noodle, etc., durum wheat is used in the making of other products such as bulgur, couscous, freekeh, durum wheat bread, etc. In this review article, the aim is to study the geographical distribution and production of durum wheat in different regions of the world, to introduce the nutritional value of the products and their products and their preparation, as well as to study the economic value of this valuable product. Moreover, new-released durum wheat cultivars with appropriate agronomic characteristics will be introduced.

Objectives: Military personnel are unique occupational groups who happen to frequently experience sleep insuffciencies. Since sleep disorders are known to be linked to many psychiatric symptoms, sleep disturbance is a salient concern among active duty service members and veterans. Existing evidence indicates that although sleep disturbances co-occur with mental illnesses, there is a tendency to particularly label them as consequences of certain mental health issues. Material and Methods: This review focuses on the emerging evidence which identifies sleep disturbances as a precursor for mental illnesses. In this regard, the impact of sleep disturbance on the development of mental health outcomes including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety has been thoroughly scrutinized. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science academic databases using appropriate keywords. Results: Reviewed evidence substantiates the predicting role of sleep complaints and disorders to herald PTSD, depression, and anxiety among military staff. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of sleep disturbances and properly addressing them in active-duty service members and veterans should be then sought to prevent the development and progression of consequent mental health- related comorbidities in this study group.

Objective: The relationship between parents’ sleep quality and sleep hygiene and preschool children’s sleep habits was examined. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of the parents of all preschool children at daycare centers located in Kermanshah Province. Through cluster sampling, 153 parents from 26 daycare centers were selected. In order to assess the quality of sleep and sleep health of parents, Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) and sleep hygiene index (SHI) were used. As to the status of childrens sleep habits (CSH), the parents also completed child sleep habit questionnaire (CSHQ). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 25. The non-parametric tests like U Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis’s test, Spearman’s rho, and regression test were used. Results: The mean score of CSHQ from the parents’ viewpoint was 56.34±7.96, which meant a relatively improper sleep habits in the children. The CSH was significantly and directly related to parents’ sleep quality and all of its subscales except two sub-scales (SSQ and HSE). In addition, CSH was directly and significantly related to the parents’ sleep hygiene and its three subscales. The results of multiple linear regression showed that the impact coeffcient of parents’ sleep quality (B=1.02), given the t-value, predicted changes in CSH with 0.99 confidence. Conclusion: In general, the results showed that CSH was in a relatively bad state, while it had a direct relationship with parents’ sleep quality and hygiene. To improve CSH, it is possible to improve parents’ sleep quality through implementing proper programs and motivating parents to observe sleep hygiene.

The presence of an adequate circumferential ferrule is of great importance for the prosthetic rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth. However, there may not be an adequate circumferential ferrule effect. This study aimed to evaluate the fatigue performance of endocrown and post–core restorations applied to different configurations without an adequate ferrule effect using the finite element method and endeavors to offer a comprehensive perspective on the challenging rehabilitation of maxillary incisors with excessive coronal substance loss, addressing a notable gap in research and providing valuable insights for clinicians. The goal is to address this gap in research and contribute valuable insights that could be beneficial for practitioners. The maxillary central incisor was selected, and lithium disilicate (LS) and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) were used in post–core groups with no ferrule effect (PC0); a 2 mm ferrule effect on the buccal wall (PC1); a 2 mm ferrule effect on the buccal-mesial wall (PC2); a 2 mm ferrule effect on the buccal–mesial–palatal wall (PC3); and a 2 mm circumferential ferrule effect (PC4) In the endocrown groups, an external retention group with a circumferential ferrule (ECER) and an inner retention form group (ECIR) were prepared. Fatigue performance was examined by applying a 150 N oblique load. The evaluation of the fatigue performance of the restorative materials shows that LS always had more successful fatigue performance results, while the post–core groups were generally more successful in terms of dentin survival. In situations where there is insufficient circumferential ferrule, the application of endocrowns is likely to result in a less successful prognosis for survival.

https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_92138.html#:~:text=Abstract%0AAngiomyolipoma%20(AML,the%20best%20outcome.

ObjectiveOrchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a perennial forage and cross-pollinating grass, has wide genetic distribution in Iran. Although the genus Dactylis has been studied quite well within the past decades, little is known about the genetic diversity and population patterns of natural populations in grassland regions. The aim of this study is to identify the genetic diversity of this species in the East Azerbaijan, Iran.Materials and methodsIn this study, seeds of 25 ecotypes of Dactylis glomerata L. were planted in the research farm of the Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Northwest & West region in Tabriz as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Then 34 selected genotypes (single plant) were examined using 22 ISSR markers.ResultsAccording to the results of ISSR markers, a total of 424 loci were amplified in the genome, of which 34 loci among all studied genotypes were monomorphic and 390 loci were polymorphic. The mean percentage of polymorphisms for D. glomerata L. in ISSR markers was estimated to be 70.39%. Also, the mean PIC value (polymorphic information content) for ISSR markers was equal to 0.288, the minimum PIC value for ISSR14 marker (0.175) and the maximum PIC value belonged to ISSR22 marker (0.341). Grouping of D. glomerata L. genotypes based on ISSR markers was performed using Mega 4.0.2 and Structure software, which grouped the results of Mega 4.0.2 genotypes into 4 groups, and Structure software grouped the genotypes into 2 groups.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the using of ISSR markers to differentiate close kin populations has a high advantage and plays a significant role in the differentiation of individuals. Also, the high allelic diversity of ISSR markers indicate a large level of diversity in D. glomerata L. populations and it’s a suitable tool for studying the genetic diversity of D. glomerata L.

One way to improve the distribution network resilience is to use mobile generators (MEGs) in the network. Such generators with the ability to move in the network and supply power to different parts increase the possibility of supplying important loads. However, due to the limited fuel of these generators, their movement will be limited, which will reduce their efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, considering this type of generators and also their limited fuel, an algorithm for their optimal displacement during the disaster is presented. Also, by considering fueling vehicles and planning to move them to inject fuel into these generators, an attempt has been made to reduce the effect of fuel restrictions on these generators. Finally, by simulating the proposed algorithm on the IEEE 33-bus network, taking into account the daily variable loads, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on improving the resilience of the distribution network is shown.

Introduction: Nitrogen is a determining element in nutrition, plant growth, and its quantitative and qualitative performance. Considering the high cultivated area of dryland wheat in the country and the economical importance of this crop in dryland conditions, it is necessary to consider any solution to optimize the quantity and quality of this product.Materials and methods: a strip split plot design based on RCBD with three replicates was conducted under rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions during two cropping seasons (2016-17 and 2017-18) to evaluate the effect of Nitrogen (urea) applied by different foliar application treatments and top dressing fertilizer on grain yield, grain protein content, Zeleny number, and gluten index of wheat, Experimental treatments were: A: control (without application of N), foliar application of urea during booting, booting + grain filling and grain filling stages as the main plot, B: wheat cultivars as sub-plots, C: top dressing fertilizer including application and non-application (control) in strip factor were considered.Results: The results of a combined analysis of variance and mean comparison showed that foliar spraying of urea fertilizer in all three growth stages significantly increased grain yield, nitrogen content, the percentage of grain protein and grain hardness, Zeleny number and grain gluten index. The application of top dressing fertilizer in both rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions on grain yield, grain protein and gluten index was also significant. The highest gluten index in rainfed conditions (24.08%) and supplementary irrigation (16.19%) was related to foliar application of urea during the grain filling stage. The highest index of gluten, grain hardness and Zeleny number in both rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions belonged to Rijaw variety. Rijaw variety had the highest value with 27.3 and Azar-2 variety had the lowest gluten index value with 18.6. Foliar application of urea during the grain filling stage had the most contribution to the increase of grain protein and the control treatment had the least contribution. The highest amount of grain yield in rainfed conditions was 2907 and in supplementary irrigation conditions were 3957 kg, which compared to the control treatment (no application of vinegar fertilizer), increased the grain yield by 19 and 16% in both rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions, respectively.Conclusion: The results of this research showed that foliar application treatments and top dressing fertilizer in both rainfed conditions and supplementary irrigation were effective in improving quality traits. In this study, supplementary irrigation led to a significant increase in grain yield compared to rainfed conditions.

Introduction: Assessment of the genetic diversity of crops is vital to plant breeding and heritage conservation programs. Genetic diversity in plant species is important for selecting the right parents for hybridization and producing suitable offspring. The genetic diversity of durum wheat compared to other crops has decreased significantly during the time, initially due to the domestication of the plant and gradually due to the use of uniform and modified germplasm, which has shown this to be a threat.Materials and methods: Genetic diversity and population structure of a set of durum wheat germplasm, including 36 durum wheat landraces and five new cultivars, were evaluated using 15 Dof markers.Results: The total number of amplified bands was 117, of which 79 were polymorphic with an average polymorphism of 62.32%. The mean polymorphism information content, marker index, and resolving power in the population were 0.34, 1.61 and 1.9, respectively. According to the indices calculated in this study, Dof16, Dof20, Dof31 and Dof35 markers are more suitable for studying the genetic diversity of durum wheat. Population structure analysis divided germplasm into three subgroups (K=3). The molecular analysis of variance based on three subgroups obtained from STRUCTURE for Dof markers showed that the variance within and between subgroups was 85% and 15% of the total variance, respectively. Principal coordinate analysis partly corresponded to the result of population structure and divided the germplasm into three groups.Conclusion: The results of the present study showed a high level of polymorphism and diversity in Dof markers, indicating the efficiency of these markers in differentiating durum wheat genotypes in this study. Due to the very high conservation of Dof sequences, this specific marker is significant in plants, so this marker can be used to study genetic diversity in different plant species.

Rhenium diboride (ReB2) exhibits high differential strain due to its puckered boron sheets that impede shear deformation. Here, we demonstrate the use of solid solution formation to enhance the Vickers hardness and differential strain of ReB2. ReB2-structured solid solutions (Re0.98Os0.02B2 and Re0.98Ru0.02B2, noted as “ReOsB2” and “ReRuB2”) were synthesized via arc-melting from the pure elements. In-situ high-pressure radial x-ray diffraction was performed in the diamond anvil cell to study the incompressibility and lattice strain of ReOsB2 and ReRuB2 up to ∼56 GPa. Both solid solutions exhibit higher incompressibility and differential strain than pure ReB2. However, while all lattice planes are strengthened by doping osmium (Os) into the ReB2 structure, only the weakest ReB2 lattice plane is enhanced with ruthenium (Ru). These results are in agreement with the Vickers hardness measurements of the two systems, where higher hardness was observed in ReOsB2. The combination of high-pressure studies with experimentally observed hardness data provides lattice specific information about the strengthening mechanisms behind the intrinsic hardness enhancement of the ReB2 system.

Numerous reports have indicated a foreign body in the bladder. Various objects, or more precisely, everything in the human environment, have been found in the urinary bladder. In the current case study, the patient was a single 38-year-old woman who was referred to the emergency department with the complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms. The patient’s history and radiological examination confirmed the presence of a foreign body (mobile phone charger cable) in the bladder. Since the patient was not mentally retarded and had no history of substance abuse, investigating other mental disorders and sexual abuse for her was recommended.

The one-dimensional quantum Ising model is used to describe many physical systems, therefore the calculation of ground and excited state energies of Ising model that has many applications in statistical mechanics, has been paid attention. We obtain the ground and excited states of this model by using the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm(QAOA), which is a kind of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms. For this purpose, first, we find the ground state with quantum approximate optimization algorithm, then we generalize this algorithm by adding an overlap term to obtain excited states. We calculated ground state energy and excited states energies for different coupling coefficients which is compatible with exact calculation.

This study evaluates the expression level of genes that change by pressure changes in astronautics and diving disorders such as decompression sickness. This study was performed on five skilled divers to analyze the expression level of TLR-2, HSP-72, IL-1b, NF-kB, and MPO genes that are responsible for pro-inflammatory conditions. In addition, the expression level of DRD4 and BNIP3 genes (Astronaut index genes that were previously measured in a spacecraft study on mice) was analyzed on native Iranian samples. Blood samples were taken half an hour after diving, RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized. Then, real-time PCR was done. Based on the results obtained using the T-Student statistical method, it was found that the expression level of all genes except MPO and TLR-2 genes increased significantly after exposure to pressure changes and diving activities. These conditions can be a permanent effect after pressure changes and can be considered an indicator for healthy people under stress in diving and astronautics.

Introduction: Knowledge of genetic diversity in crop species can play an important role in exploiting genetic diversity and lead to the development and expansion of crop cultivation in drought-prone environments. In this regard, identifying and utilizing informative markers related to agro-physiological traits will be necessary for application in breeding programs and marker-assisted selection.Materials and methods: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between SCoT markers and agro-physiological traits in the durum wheat breeding germplasm. For this purpose, 220 durum wheat genotypes were evaluated for agronomic, phenological, and physiological traits. They were received from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) during two consecutive cropping seasons (2017-18 and 2018-19). The germplasm was also genotyped using five SCoT markers. In order to identify the informative markers related to each trait, the regression analysis method was used.Results: According to the results, considerable variation for agro-physiological traits was observed in the studied germplasm. The majority of ICARDA germplasms that most favored by grain yield, 1000-kernel weight (TKW), normal difference vegetative index (NDVI), plant height (PH), and peduncle length (PL) well separated from the majority of CIMMYT germplasm that most favored late in the heading (DH) and maturity (DM) and higher canopy temperature (CT). These findings indicate that the breeding lines originally developed from ICARDA might possess traits of tolerance to drought conditions absent in those developed in CIMMYT. 13 SCoT loci were associated with at least three traits based on trait-marker association analysis. These markers would enhance the efficiency of parental selection in the durum wheat breeding programs. Six informative SCoT loci (SCoT16-845, SCoT16-965, SCoT33-780, SCoT24-1400, SCoT16-845, and SCoT25-680) were identified as repeatable markers that can be considered as candidate markers for assessment of other wheat germplasm collections and scanning the genome for the related traits.Conclusion: This study based on phenotypic data and SCoT markers revealed a high level of diversity in durum wheat breeding germplasm that may be useful in breeding programs. This information is valuable for germplasm grouping and determination of different phenotypic and genotypic groups, developing high-yielding genotypes, and using cross-breeding programs.