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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of butyric acid on growth performance, immunity and digestive enzyme activities in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) (8.59 ± 0.33 g) at the period of 60 days. After 2-week adaptation, 120 fish with a density of 10 fish/tank in a completely randomized design were distributed to 12 tanks. Fish were fed with 4 levels of butyric acid including zero (control), 2.5 (T1), 5 (T2) and 10 g/kg (T3) of diet 2 times per day. The results showed that different levels of butyric acid in diet had significant effects on growth performance and nutritional indices compared to the control (p0.05). The food conversion ratio in control group was significantly higher than in the other treatments (p0.05). In conclusion, butyric acid, especially at the level of 10 g/kg of diet, displayed positive effects on the growth, immune indices and enzyme activities in yellowfin seabream.

BACKGROUND: Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and difficulty in emotion regulation are mechanisms leading to dysfunctional behaviors and reduction of mental health; hence, this study aimed to compare EMSs, emotion regulation, and general health in prisoners and non-prisoners. METHODS: The research method was causal-comparative (post-event). Statistical society comprised all of prisoners and non-prisoners in Fuman City in Iran. Of them, 100 prisoners were selected using random sampling and they were compared with 100 matched non-prisoner men based on the inclusion criteria and. Non-prisoners were matched with prisoners in terms of age, job, and education level. Both groups filled out Young Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YEMSQ), Persian version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P), and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Data were analyzed using independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). RESULTS: A significant difference was observed between two groups in total score of EMSs, emotion regulation, and general health (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference between two groups in general health, maladaptive schema, and emotion regulation which indicates that EMSs, inability to regulate emotions, and low general health could play a critical role in criminal behaviors.

Background: this study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of emotion regulation and distress tolerance skills training on coping strategies, emotion regulation, and perceived stress in prisoners Method:The esearch method of current study was semi experimental method in form of pretest and posttest with the control group.statistical population consisted of 200 prisoners in Fooman Prison in Iran; of individual who had inclusion criteria, 30 members were selected using convenient sampling method then assigned to two experimental and control groups (n=15 in each group). They were match base on education level and age. Experimental group received 12 sessions teaching of emotion regulation and distress tolerance skills, while control group were waiting. Both groups filled in coping responses, emotion regulation, and perceived stress reduction questionnaires at baseline and after treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS21 Software. Results: Emotion regulation and distress tolerance skill training could affect improvement of coping strategies, emotion regulation, and perceived stress reduction in prisoners (P

This study was aimed to investigate the distribution of various species of fecal coliform in urban, rural and private drinking water sources of Kermanshah, in the west of Iran. For this study, data of ten years period (2006–2016) assessments of microbial quality regarding various species of Fecal coliforms was taken from health centers associated with urban, rural and private resources of Kermanshah city. A total number of 8643 samples were taken, 1851 samples from rural, 365 from urban and 4834 from private resources. The results showed that Fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli) had the widest distribution in all urban, rural and private water resources (22.3%, 45.9% and 34%, respectively). Moreover, E. coli (47.5%) and Klebsiella (0.4%) had, respectively, the highest and lowest distribution in all months considered. Based on the results, E.coli exists mostly in water resources; it is therefore of particular importance in the monitoring of water resources. Keywords: Fecal coliforms, Distribution, Drinking water sources, Kermanshah

We conducted this study to determine the chronic effects of Azadirachtin on growth parameters, survival and gill morphology of grass carp [Ctenopharyngodon idella (C. idella)] with an average weight of 11.09±2.3g. We equally distributed 120 fish between three treatments and a control group, with three replicates each. Sublethal concentrations of poison, 0.073 (10% LC50), 0.15 (20% LC50), 0.22 ppm (30% LC50) were selected. Fish were exposed to these doses for 28 days. Increasing doses of Azadirachtin did not affect growth parameters and survival (P>0.05). During the test, we observed fish behavior patterns of irregular swimming, rotation, reaction increased response versus stimulus exterior, solitary and imbalance, histology, epithelial uplifting (swelling), hyperplasia, fusion of gill lamellae and necrosis of gill epithelial cells. The results showed that although the sublethal dose of Azadirachtin over a short time did not affect growth and survival of C. idella but brought about abnormal behavior in fish. There was increased gill tissue destruction with increased poison levels which showed that it could be effective on long duration of exposure.

Objective(s): Electromagnetic radiations which have lethal effects on the living cells are currently also considered as a disinfective physical agent. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, silver nanoparticles were applied to enhance the lethal action of low powers (100 and 180 W) of 2450 MHZ electromagnetic radiation especially against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Silver nanoparticles were biologically prepared and used for next experiments. Sterile normal saline solution was prepared and supplemented by silver nanoparticles to reach the sub-inhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL). Such diluted silver colloid as well as free-silver nanoparticles solution was inoculated along with test microorganisms, particularly E. coli. These suspensions were separately treated by 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation for different time intervals in a microwave oven operated at low powers (100 W and 180 W). The viable counts of bacteria before and after each radiation time were determined by colony-forming unit (CFU) method. Results: Results showed that the addition of silver nanoparticles significantly decreased the required radiation time to kill vegetative forms of microorganisms. However, these nanoparticles had no combined effect with low power electromagnetic radiation when used against Bacillus subtilis spores. Conclusion: The cumulative effect of silver nanoparticles and low powers electromagnetic radiation may be useful in medical centers to reduce contamination in polluted derange and liquid wastes materials and some devices.

Objective(s): Electromagnetic radiations which have lethal effects on the living cells are currently also considered as a disinfective physical agent. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, silver nanoparticles were applied to enhance the lethal action of low powers (100 and 180 W) of 2450 MHZ electromagnetic radiation especially against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Silver nanoparticles were biologically prepared and used for next experiments. Sterile normal saline solution was prepared and supplemented by silver nanoparticles to reach the sub-inhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL). Such diluted silver colloid as well as free-silver nanoparticles solution was inoculated along with test microorganisms, particularly E. coli. These suspensions were separately treated by 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation for different time intervals in a microwave oven operated at low powers (100 W and 180 W). The viable counts of bacteria before and after each radiation time were determined by colony-forming unit (CFU) method. Results: Results showed that the addition of silver nanoparticles significantly decreased the required radiation time to kill vegetative forms of microorganisms. However, these nanoparticles had no combined effect with low power electromagnetic radiation when used against Bacillus subtilis spores. Conclusion: The cumulative effect of silver nanoparticles and low powers electromagnetic radiation may be useful in medical centers to reduce contamination in polluted derange and liquid wastes materials and some devices.

Return and risk are significant parameters in selecting an optimal portfolio, depending on the portfolio return distribution. In a stochastic process, the Markov property causes the future distribution of a random process to be measurable according to the state-transition matrix and the initial process state. According to the main idea of the present study in the optimal portfolio selection, portfolio weights are chosen in a way that the Markov property is established for the portfolio return series and the distribution of future portfolio returns is close to the distribution of investor’s expected returns; hence, K-L divergence (Kullback–Leibler divergence) is utilized as a criterion of closeness. Using this idea, an optimal portfolio selection model was designed and implemented in the present study. This optimal portfolio was optimized using a Markov approach and according to historical data of 10 indices on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2022 in a six-member state. The optimal portfolio performance evaluation using the Sharpe ratio and value at risk criteria indicated that the research model had a higher performance than the mean-variance and weight parity models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]