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We consider a simple but infinite class of staked links known as bongles. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for these bongles to be hyperbolic. Then, we prove that all balanced hyperbolic $n$-bongles have the same volume and the corresponding volume is an upper bound on the volume of any hyperbolic $n$-bongle for $n$ even. Moreover, all hyperbolic $n$-bongles have volume strictly less than $5n(1.01494\dots)$. We also include explicit volume calculations for all hyperbolic 3-bongles through 6-bongles., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures

In the current landscape of big data, the reliability and performance of storage systems are essential to the success of various applications and services. as data volumes continue to grow exponentially, the complexity and scale of the storage infrastructures needed to manage this data also increase. a significant challenge faced by data centers and storage systems is the detection and management of fail-slow disks that experience a gradual decline in performance before ultimately failing. Unlike outright disk failures, fail-slow conditions can go undetected for prolonged periods, leading to considerable impacts on system performance and user experience., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures

This paper presents the multiplicity of neutral and charged hadrons produced in 90 GeV$/c$ proton-carbon interactions from a dataset taken by the NA61/SHINE experiment in 2017. Particle identification via dE/dx was performed for the charged hadrons $\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$, and $p / \bar{p}$; the neutral hadrons $K^0_S$, $\Lambda$, and $\bar{\Lambda}$ were identified via an invariant mass analysis of their decays to charged hadrons. Double-differential multiplicity results as a function of laboratory momentum and polar angle are presented for each particle species; these results provide vital constraints on the predicted neutrino beam flux for current and future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.

In this article, we present results of our recent work of epitaxially-grown aluminum (epi-Al) on antimonide heterostructures, where the epi-Al thin film is grown at either room temperature or below zero $^o$C. A sharp superconducting transition at $T \sim 1.3$ K is observed in these epi-Al films, and the critical magnetic field follows the BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) model. We further show that supercurrent states are achieved in Josephson junctions fabricated in the epi-Al/antimonide heterostructures with mobility $\mu \sim 1.0 \times 10^6$ cm$^2$/Vs, making these heterostructures a promising platform for the exploration of Josephson junction effects for quantum microelectronics applications, and the realization of robust topological superconducting states that potentially allow the realization of intrinsically fault-tolerant qubits and quantum gates.

We introduce the ECG-Image-Database, a large and diverse collection of electrocardiogram (ECG) images generated from ECG time-series data, with real-world scanning, imaging, and physical artifacts. We used ECG-Image-Kit, an open-source Python toolkit, to generate realistic images of 12-lead ECG printouts from raw ECG time-series. The images include realistic distortions such as noise, wrinkles, stains, and perspective shifts, generated both digitally and physically. The toolkit was applied to 977 12-lead ECG records from the PTB-XL database and 1,000 from Emory Healthcare to create high-fidelity synthetic ECG images. These unique images were subjected to both programmatic distortions using ECG-Image-Kit and physical effects like soaking, staining, and mold growth, followed by scanning and photography under various lighting conditions to create real-world artifacts. The resulting dataset includes 35,595 software-labeled ECG images with a wide range of imaging artifacts and distortions. The dataset provides ground truth time-series data alongside the images, offering a reference for developing machine and deep learning models for ECG digitization and classification. The images vary in quality, from clear scans of clean papers to noisy photographs of degraded papers, enabling the development of more generalizable digitization algorithms. ECG-Image-Database addresses a critical need for digitizing paper-based and non-digital ECGs for computerized analysis, providing a foundation for developing robust machine and deep learning models capable of converting ECG images into time-series. The dataset aims to serve as a reference for ECG digitization and computerized annotation efforts. ECG-Image-Database was used in the PhysioNet Challenge 2024 on ECG image digitization and classification.

In order to solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers will likely need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead typically associated with error correction motivates the search for more hardware-efficient approaches. Here, using a microfabricated superconducting quantum circuit, we realize a logical qubit memory formed from the concatenation of encoded bosonic cat qubits with an outer repetition code of distance $d=5$. The bosonic cat qubits are passively protected against bit flips using a stabilizing circuit. Cat-qubit phase-flip errors are corrected by the repetition code which uses ancilla transmons for syndrome measurement. We realize a noise-biased CX gate which ensures bit-flip error suppression is maintained during error correction. We study the performance and scaling of the logical qubit memory, finding that the phase-flip correcting repetition code operates below threshold, with logical phase-flip error decreasing with code distance from $d=3$ to $d=5$. Concurrently, the logical bit-flip error is suppressed with increasing cat-qubit mean photon number. The minimum measured logical error per cycle is on average $1.75(2)\%$ for the distance-3 code sections, and $1.65(3)\%$ for the longer distance-5 code, demonstrating the effectiveness of bit-flip error suppression throughout the error correction cycle. These results, where the intrinsic error suppression of the bosonic encodings allows us to use a hardware-efficient outer error correcting code, indicate that concatenated bosonic codes are a compelling paradigm for reaching fault-tolerant quantum computation., Comment: Comments on the manuscript welcome!

We give simple numerical bounds for $\zeta(s)$, $\vartheta(s)$, $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$, $Z(t)$, for use in the numerical computation of these functions. The purpose of the paper is to give bounds for several functions needed in the calculation of $\zeta(s)$ and $Z(t)$. We are not pretending to have any originality. Our object is to be useful as a reference in our work for simple (simple to compute and simple to check) bounds., Comment: 8 pages

In arXiv:2406.0243 two real functions $g(x,t)$ and $f(x,t)$ are defined, so that the Riemann-Siegel $Z$ function is given as \[Z(t)=\mathop{\mathrm{Re}}\Bigl\{\frac{u(t)e^{\frac{\pi i}{8}}}{\frac12+it}\int_0^\infty g(x,t)e^{i f(x,t)}\,dt\Bigr\},\] where $u(t)$ is a real function of order $t^{-1/4}$ when $t\to+\infty$. The function $g(x,t)$ is indefinitely differentiable and tends to $0$ as well as all its derivatives when $x\to0^+$ or $x\to+\infty$. Since, furthermore, for $t\to+\infty$ the function $f(x,t)$ tends to $+\infty$ we may expect that the integral depends essentially on the behavior of $g(x,t)$ at the extremes. As Polya in an analogous situation we consider the substitution of $\psi(x)$ by a simpler similar function. A simple function with this behavior is \[\psi_0(x):=2\pi(1+\tfrac{1}{4}x^{-5/2})e^{-\pi x-\frac{\pi}{4x}}.\] Therefore, we define $J_0(t)$ replacing in the definition of $J(t)$ the function $\psi(x)$ by the simpler $\psi_0(x)$. \begin{equation} J_0(t)=2\pi\int_0^\infty (1+\tfrac{1}{4}x^{-\frac52})e^{-\pi x-\frac{\pi}{4x}}(1-ix)^{\frac12(\frac12+it)}\,dx. \end{equation} The resulting $Z_0(t)$ disappoints us \[Z_0(t)\asymp \mathop{\mathrm{Re}}\Bigl\{\frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}}\exp\Bigl\{i\Bigl(\frac{t}{2}\log\frac{t}{2\pi}-\frac{t}{2}-\frac{\pi}{8}\Bigr)\Bigr\}+\frac{2}{(2\pi t)^{1/4}}\exp\Bigl(\pi i\sqrt{\frac{t}{2\pi}}\;\Bigr)\Bigr\},\quad t\to+\infty.\] However, the integral $J_0(t)$ is interesting as a technical challenge. And still we have the possibility to get a better result improving $\psi_0(x)$. This is a preliminary version, and we set it as a challenge: to compute and study this integral., Comment: 21 pages

Starting from some of Norman Levinson's results, we construct interesting examples of functions $f(s)$ such that for $s=\frac12+it$, we have $Z(t)=2\Re\{\pi^{-\frac{s}{2}}\Gamma(s/2)f(s)\}$. For example one such function is \[\begin{aligned}{\mathcal R }_{-3}(s)=\frac12&\int_{0\swarrow1}\frac{x^{-s}e^{3\pi ix^2}}{e^{\pi i x}-e^{-\pi i x}}\,dx\\&+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\int_{0\swarrow1}\frac{x^{-s}e^{\frac{\pi i}{3}x^2}}{e^{\pi i x}-e^{-\pi i x}}\Bigl(e^{\frac{\pi i}{2}}+2e^{-\frac{\pi i}{6}}\cos(\tfrac{2\pi x}{3})\Bigr)\,dx.\end{aligned}\], Comment: 14 pages 6 figures

We give an explicit version for van der Corput's $d$-th derivative estimate of exponential sums. $ \textbf{Theorem.}$ Let $X$, and $Y\in\mathbb{R}$ be such that $\lfloor Y\rfloor>d$ where $d\ge3$ is a natural number. Let $f\colon(X,X+Y]\to\mathbb{R}$ be a real function with continuous derivatives up to the order $d$. Assume that $0<\lambda\le f^{(d)}(x)\le\Lambda$ for $X

We prove that the auxiliary function $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ has the integral representation \[\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)=-\frac{2^s \pi^{s}e^{\pi i s/4}}{\Gamma(s)}\int_0^\infty y^{s}\frac{1-e^{-\pi y^2+\pi \omega y}}{1-e^{2\pi \omega y}}\,\frac{dy}{y},\qquad \omega=e^{\pi i/4}, \quad\Re s>0,\] valid for $\sigma>0$. The function in the integrand $\frac{1-e^{-\pi y^2+\pi \omega y}}{1-e^{2\pi \omega y}}$ is entire. Therefore, no residue is added when we move the path of integration., Comment: 10 pages 1 figure

Gabcke proved a new integral expression for the auxiliary Riemann function \[\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)=2^{s/2}\pi^{s/2}e^{\pi i(s-1)/4}\int_{-\frac12\searrow\frac12} \frac{e^{-\pi i u^2/2+\pi i u}}{2i\cos\pi u}U(s-\tfrac12,\sqrt{2\pi}e^{\pi i/4}u)\,du,\] where $U(\nu,z)$ is the usual parabolic cylinder function. We give a new, shorter proof, which avoids the use of the Mordell integral. And we write it in the form \begin{equation}\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)=-2^s \pi^{s/2}e^{\pi i s/4}\int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{e^{-\pi x^2}H_{-s}(x\sqrt{\pi})}{1+e^{-2\pi\omega x}}\,dx.\end{equation} where $H_\nu(z)$ is the generalized Hermite polynomial., Comment: 5 pages 2 figures

In one of the sheets in Riemann's Nachlass he defines an entire function and connect it with his zeta function. As in many pages in his Nachlass, Riemann is not giving complete proofs. However, I consider that this work is undoubtedly by Riemann. He obtains an $L^\infty$ function whose Fourier transform vanish at the real values $\gamma$ with $\zeta(\frac12+i\gamma)=0$. We give proofs of Riemann formulas. This is an integral representation of the zeta function different from the known ones. I believe this is the first time it has been published., Comment: 10 pages 1 figure

We apply Poisson formula for a strip to give a representation of $Z(t)$ by means of an integral. \[F(t)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{h(x)\zeta(4+ix)}{7\cosh\pi\frac{x-t}{7}}\,dx, \qquad Z(t)=\frac{\Re F(t)}{(\frac14+t^2)^{\frac12}(\frac{25}{4}+t^2)^{\frac12}}.\] After that we get the estimate \[Z(t)=\Bigl(\frac{t}{2\pi}\Bigr)^{\frac74}\Re\bigl\{e^{i\vartheta(t)}H(t)\bigr\}+O(t^{-3/4}),\] with \[H(t)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty\Bigl(\frac{t}{2\pi}\Bigr)^{ix/2}\frac{\zeta(4+it+ix)}{7\cosh(\pi x/7)}\,dx=\Bigl(\frac{t}{2\pi}\Bigr)^{-\frac74}\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^{\frac12+it}}\frac{2}{1+(\frac{t}{2\pi n^2})^{-7/2}}.\] We explain how the study of this function can lead to information about the zeros of the zeta function on the critical line., Comment: 17 pages 1 figure

The series for the zeta function does not converge on the critical line but the function \[G(t)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^{\frac12+it}}\frac{t}{2\pi n^2+t}\] satisfies $Z(t)=2\Re\{e^{i\vartheta(t)}G(t)\}+O(t^{-\frac56+\varepsilon})$. So one expects that the zeros of zeta on the critical line are very near the zeros of $\Re\{e^{i\vartheta(t)}G(t)\}$. There is a related function $U(t)$ that satisfies the equality $Z(t)=2\Re\{e^{i\vartheta(t)}U(t)\}$., Comment: 12 pages 3 figures

There are many analytic functions $U(t)$ satisfying $Z(t)=2\Re\bigl\{ e^{i\vartheta(t)}U(t)\bigr\}$. Here, we consider an entire function $\mathop{\mathcal L}(s)$ such that $U(t)=\mathop{\mathcal L}(\frac12+it)$ is one of the simplest among them. We obtain an expression for the Riemann-Siegel function $Z(t)$ in terms of the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal L}(s)$. Implicitly, the function $\mathop{\mathcal L}(s)$ is considered by Riemann in his paper on Number Theory. Riemann spoke of having used an expression for $\Xi(t)$ in his demonstration that most of the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function lie on the critical line. Therefore, any expression deserves a study., Comment: 10 pages 2 figures

We prove that for $s=\sigma+it$ with $\sigma\ge0$ and $0

We prove a density theorem for the auxiliar function $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ found by Siegel in Riemann papers. Let $\alpha$ be a real number with $\frac12< \alpha\le 1$, and let $N(\alpha,T)$ be the number of zeros $\rho=\beta+i\gamma$ of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ with $1\ge \beta\ge\alpha$ and $0<\gamma\le T$. Then we prove \[N(\alpha,T)\ll T^{\frac32-\alpha}(\log T)^3.\] Therefore, most of the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ are near the critical line or to the left of that line. The imaginary line for $\pi^{-s/2}\Gamma(s/2)\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ passing through a zero of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ near the critical line frequently will cut the critical line, producing two zeros of $\zeta(s)$ in the critical line., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures

Let $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ be the function related to $\zeta(s)$ found by Siegel in the papers of Riemann. In this paper we obtain the main terms of the mean values \[\frac{1}{T}\int_0^T |\mathop{\mathcal R}(\sigma+it)|^2\Bigl(\frac{t}{2\pi}\Bigr)^\sigma\,dt, \quad\text{and}\quad \frac{1}{T}\int_0^T |\mathop{\mathcal R}(\sigma+it)|^2\,dt.\] Giving complete proofs of some result of the paper of Siegel about the Riemann Nachlass. Siegel follows Riemann to obtain these mean values. We have followed a more standard path, and explain the difficulties we encountered in understanding Siegel's reasoning., Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure

We report the first detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) on germanium, measured at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Ge-Mini detector of the COHERENT collaboration employs large-mass, low-noise, high-purity germanium spectrometers, enabling excellent energy resolution, and an analysis threshold of 1.5 keV electron-equivalent ionization energy. We observe a on-beam excess of 20.6$_{+7.1}^{-6.3}$ counts with a total exposure of 10.22 GWhkg and we reject the no-CEvNS hypothesis with 3.9 sigma significance. The result agrees with the predicted standard model of particle physics signal rate within 2 sigma., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

We obtain the product for the auxiliary function $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ and study some related functions as its phase $\omega(t)$ at the critical line. The function $\omega(t)$ determines the zeros of $\zeta(s)$ on the critical line. We study the influence of the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ on $\omega(t)$. Thus, the relationship between the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ and those of $\zeta(s)$ is determined., Comment: 12 pages

We show that there is a sequence of zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ in the fourth quadrant. We show that the $n$-th zero $\rho_{-n}=\beta_{-n}+i\gamma_{-n}$, with $\beta_{-n}\sim 4\pi^2 n/\log^2n$ and $\gamma_{-n}\sim-4\pi n/\log n$. We give the first terms of an asymptotic development of $\rho_{-n}$ and an algorithm to calculate $\rho_{-n}$ from $n$., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures

It is proved that $s=-2n$ is a simple zero of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ for each integer $n\ge1$. Here $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ is the function found by Siegel in Riemann's posthumous papers., Comment: 5 pages

We prove that the number of zeros $\varrho=\beta+i\gamma$ of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ with $0<\gamma\le T$ is given by \[N(T)=\frac{T}{4\pi}\log\frac{T}{2\pi}-\frac{T}{4\pi}-\frac12\sqrt{\frac{T}{2\pi}}+O(T^{2/5}\log^2 T).\] Here $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ is the function that Siegel found in Riemann's papers. Siegel related the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ to the zeros of Riemann's zeta function. Our result on $N(T)$ improves the result of Siegel., Comment: 7 pages

We state and give complete proof of the results of Siegel about the zeros of the auxiliary function of Riemann $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$. We point out the importance of the determination of the limit to the left of the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ with positive imaginary part, obtaining the term $-\sqrt{T/2\pi}P(\sqrt{T/2\pi})$ that would explain the periodic behaviour observed with the statistical study of the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$. We precise also the connection of the position on the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ with the zeros of $\zeta(s)$ in the critical line., Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures

Numerical data suggest that the zeros $\rho$ of the auxiliary Riemann function in the upper half-plane satisfy $\mathop{\mathrm{Re}}(\rho)<1$. We show that this is true for those zeros with $\mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\rho)> 3.9211\dots10^{65}$. We conjecture that this is true for all of them., Comment: 10 pages

To define an explicit regions without zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$, in a previous paper we obtained an approximation to $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ of type $f(s)(1+U)$ with $|U|< 1$. But this $U$ do not tend to zero when $t\to+\infty$. In the present paper we get an approximation of the form $f(s)(1+o(t))$. We precise here Siegel's result, following his reasoning. This is essential to get the last Theorems in Siegel's paper about $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$., Comment: 8 pages

Siegel in 1932 published a paper on Riemann's posthumous writings, including a study of the Riemann-Siegel formula. In this paper we explicitly give the asymptotic developments of $\mathop{\mathcal R }(s)$ suggested by Siegel. We extend the range of validity of these asymptotic developments. As a consequence we specify a region in which the function $\mathop{\mathcal R }(s)$ has no zeros. We also give complete proofs of some of Siegel's assertions. We also include a theorem on the asymptotic behaviour of $\mathop{\mathcal R }(\frac12-it)$ for $t \to+\infty$. Although the real part of $e^{-i\vartheta(t)}\mathop{\mathcal R }(\frac12-it)$ is $Z(t)$ the imaginary part grows exponentially, this is why for the study of the zeros of $Z(t)$ it is preferable to consider $\mathop{\mathcal R }(\frac12+it)$ for $t>0$., Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures

We give explicit and extended versions of some of Siegel's results. We extend the validity of Siegel's asymptotic development in the second quadrant to most of the third quadrant. We also give precise bounds of the error; this allows us to give an explicit region free of zeros, or with only trivial zeros. The left limit of the zeros on the upper half plane is extended from $1-\sigma\ge a t^{3/7}$ in Siegel to $1-\sigma\ge A t^{2/5}\log t$. Siegel claims that it can be proved that there are no zeros in the region $1-\sigma\ge t^\varepsilon$ for any $\varepsilon>0$. We show that Siegel's proof for the exponent $3/7$ does not extend to prove his claim., Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure

We have computed all zeros $\beta+i\gamma$ of $\mathop{\mathcal R }(s)$ with $0<\gamma<215946.3$. A total of 162215 zeros with 25 correct decimal digits. In this paper we offer some statistic based on this set of zeros. Perhaps the main interesting result is that $63.9\%$ of these zeros satisfies $\beta<1/2$., Comment: 17 pages, 18 figures. Added links to the papers in arXiv. Added line of seeds to Figure 2 "Rzeta200.pdf" and substitute Figure 18 "RzetaCompletadaBWW.pdf" by a correct one

We give the definition, main properties and integral expressions of the auxiliary function of Riemann $\mathop{\mathcal R }(s)$. For example we prove $$\pi^{-s/2}\Gamma(s/2)\mathop{\mathcal R }(s)=-\frac{e^{-\pi i s/4}}{ s}\int_{-1}^{-1+i\infty} \tau^{s/2}\vartheta_3'(\tau)\,d\tau.$$ Many of these results are known, but they serve as a reference. We give the values of $\mathop{\mathcal R }(s)$ at integers except at odd natural numbers. We have $$\zeta(\tfrac12+it)=e^{-i\vartheta(t)}Z(t),\quad \mathop{\mathcal R }(\tfrac12+it)=\tfrac12e^{-i\vartheta(t)}(Z(t)+iY(t)),$$ with $\vartheta(t)$, $Z(t)$ and $Y(t)$ real functions., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures

In a letter to Weierstrass Riemann asserted that the number $N_0(T)$ of zeros of $\zeta(s)$ on the critical line to height $T$ is approximately equal to the total number of zeros to this height $N(T)$. Siegel studied some posthumous papers of Riemann trying to find a proof of this. He found a function $\mathop{\mathcal R }(s)$ whose zeros are related to the zeros of the function $\zeta(s)$. Siegel concluded that Riemann's papers contained no ideas for a proof of his assertion, connected the position of the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R }(s)$ with the position of the zeros of $\zeta(s)$ and asked about the position of the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R }(s)$. This paper is a summary of several papers that we will soon upload to arXiv, in which we try to answer Siegel's question about the position of the zeros of $\mathop{\mathcal R }(s)$. The articles contain also improvements on Siegel's results and also other possible ways to prove Riemann's assertion, but without achieving this goal., Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures. Added links to the papers in arXiv

The increasing use of social media to share lived and living experiences of substance use presents a unique opportunity to obtain information on side effects, use patterns, and opinions on novel psychoactive substances. However, due to the large volume of data, obtaining useful insights through natural language processing technologies such as large language models is challenging. This paper aims to develop a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) architecture for medical question answering pertaining to clinicians' queries on emerging issues associated with health-related topics, using user-generated medical information on social media. We proposed a two-layer RAG framework for query-focused answer generation and evaluated a proof of concept for the framework in the context of query-focused summary generation from social media forums, focusing on emerging drug-related information. Our modular framework generates individual summaries followed by an aggregated summary to answer medical queries from large amounts of user-generated social media data in an efficient manner. We compared the performance of a quantized large language model (Nous-Hermes-2-7B-DPO), deployable in low-resource settings, with GPT-4. For this proof-of-concept study, we used user-generated data from Reddit to answer clinicians' questions on the use of xylazine and ketamine. Our framework achieves comparable median scores in terms of relevance, length, hallucination, coverage, and coherence when evaluated using GPT-4 and Nous-Hermes-2-7B-DPO, evaluated for 20 queries with 76 samples. There was no statistically significant difference between the two for coverage, coherence, relevance, length, and hallucination. A statistically significant difference was noted for the Coleman-Liau Index. Our RAG framework can effectively answer medical questions about targeted topics and can be deployed in resource-constrained settings., Comment: Published in JMIR: https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e66220

Prompts to large language models (LLMs) have evolved beyond simple user questions. For LLMs to solve complex problems, today's practices are to include domain-specific instructions, illustration of tool usages, and/or long context such as textbook chapters in prompts. As such, many parts of prompts are repetitive across requests. Recent works propose to cache and reuse KV state of prompts. However, they are all confined to a single-GPU optimization, while production LLM serving systems are distributed by nature. This paper proposes Preble, the first distributed LLM serving platform that targets and optimizes for prompt sharing. We designed a distributed scheduling system that co-optimizes KV state reuse and computation load-balancing with a new scheduling algorithm and a hierarchical scheduling mechanism. Our evaluation of Preble with real workloads and request arrival patterns on two open-source LLMs shows that Preble outperforms the SOTA serving systems by 1.5X to 14.5X on average latency and 2X to 10X on p99 latency.

In this paper we investigate a power law coupling Higgs inflationary model in which the background geometry is determined by the Palatini's variational principle. The geometrical symmetries of the background geometry determine the invariant form of the action of the model and the background geometry resulted is of the Weyl-integrable type. The invariant action results also invariant under the $U(1)$ group, which in general is not compatible with the Weyl group of invariance of the background geometry. However, we found compatibility conditions between the geometrical and physical symmetries of the action in the strong coupling limit. We found that if we start with a non-minimally coupled to gravity action, when we impose the congruence between the both groups of symmetries we end with an invariant action of the scalar-tensor type. We obtain a nearly scale invariant power spectrum for the inflaton fluctuations for certain values of some parameters of the model. Also we obtain va\-lues for the tensor to scalar ratio in agreement with PLANCK and BICEP observational data: $r<0.032$., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures

It has been demonstrated that factorial moments analysis in dependence from the size of phase-space cells (when the latter is decreased but is still considerably large), exhibits sensitivity to particle bunching within a system situated in the two-dimensional cell. Based on recent findings concerning fluctuations in charge particle density observed in central Au + Au collisions at various energies ranging from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 to 200 GeV at RHIC/STAR, it is proposed that analyzing factorial moments in relativistic heavy-ion collisions could serve as a method to investigate density fluctuations linked to correlation phenomena. Our understanding of particle production mechanisms may be enriched by using factorial moments analysis to gain new information contained in them that was previously unavailable.

Blind and low-vision (BLV) people face many challenges when venturing into public environments, often wishing it were easier to get help from people nearby. Ironically, while many sighted individuals are willing to help, such interactions are infrequent. Asking for help is socially awkward for BLV people, and sighted people lack experience in helping BLV people. Through a mixed-ability research-through-design process, we explore four diverse approaches toward how assistive technology can serve as help supporters that collaborate with both BLV and sighted parties throughout the help process. These approaches span two phases: the connection phase (finding someone to help) and the collaboration phase (facilitating help after finding someone). Our findings from a 20-participant mixed-ability study reveal how help supporters can best facilitate connection, which types of information they should present during both phases, and more. We discuss design implications for future approaches to support face-to-face help., Comment: To Appear In Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. 24 pages