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Your search keyword '"Reyes del Paso, Gustavo A."' showing total 469 results
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469 results on '"Reyes del Paso, Gustavo A."'

1. Racial differences in baroreflex function: Implications for the cardiovascular conundrum.

Author

Williams, DeWayne, Wiley, Cameron, Birenbaum, Julia, Fishback, Grace, Speller, Lassiter, Koenig, Julian, Jarczok, Marc, Kapuku, Gaston, Reyes Del Paso, Gustavo, Hill, LaBarron, and Thayer, Julian

Subjects
Baroreceptor, Baroreflex, Blood pressure, Ethnic differences, Total peripheral resistance
Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVE: African Americans (AAs) show early signs of vascular dysfunction paired with elevated blood pressure (BP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR), which is thought to underlie their increased rates of cardiovascular health complications relative to European Americans (EAs). AAs paradoxically have higher cardiac vagal tone, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), which is cardio-protective. This paradox has been termed the Cardiovascular Conundrum. The physiological mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not well understood. We examined race differences in baroreflex function, which might be an important mechanism underlying the Cardiovascular Conundrum. DESIGN: Participants completed a 5-minute baseline period where resting cardiac metrics were assessed. SETTING: Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: 130 college-aged individuals (54 women, 57 AAs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baroreflex function was indexed as baroreflex sensitivity (BRS; the magnitude of changes in cardiovascular activity in accordance with BP changes) and effectiveness (BEI; the ratio of BP changes that elicit changes in cardiovascular activity) in the cardiac, vascular, and myocardial limbs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results showed AAs to have higher HRV and cardiac BRS in comparison to EAs, suggesting the baroreflex is more sensitive to correcting the heart period for changes in BP among AAs compared to EAs. However, AAs showed lower vascular BEI relative to EAs, suggesting less effective control of TPR. In sum, lower BEI in the vascular branch might be an important mechanism underlying the Cardiovascular Conundrum (i.e., higher HRV and BP) and by extension, health disparities in cardiovascular diseases between AAs and EAs.

Published
2024

10. Long‐term stress exposure, cortisol level and cardiovascular activity and reactivity: Observations in patients with fibromyalgia.

Author

Reyes del Paso, Gustavo A., Duschek, Stefan, Contreras‐Merino, Ana M., and Davydov, Dmitry M.

Subjects
*FIBROMYALGIA, *HYDROCORTISONE, *CARDIAC output, *BLOOD pressure, *POSTURE
Abstract

Previous research suggested that exposure to long‐lasting or repeated laboratory stressors may lead to rearrangement of cardiovascular control, with a shift of regulation mechanisms from dominant cardiac to dominant vascular influences between the early and late response phases, respectively. This study investigated whether similar rearrangement occurs during life stress accompanying chronic disease by analyzing also associations between cortisol level and cardiovascular variables in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). In 47 women with FM and 36 healthy women (HW), cardiovascular recordings were taken during active body posture changes (sitting, lying down, and standing). Moreover, hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was obtained. During standing, which involved orthostatic challenge, FM patients showed higher total peripheral resistance (TPR) but lower stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and baroreflex sensitivity than HW. During sitting and lying down, TPR was more closely associated with blood pressure (BP) than CO in FM patients; in contrast, CO was more closely associated with BP than TPR in HW. HCC correlated positively with TPR and BP in FM patients, but negatively with TPR and BP and positively with SV and CO in HW. Results suggest that chronic disease‐related stress is associated with alterations in cardiovascular regulation toward greater involvement of vascular than cardiac mechanisms in BP control. Stress‐related cortisol release may contribute to the long‐term rearrangement of autonomic regulation. At the behavioral level, the dominance of vascular over cardiovascular control may relate to reduced somatic mobilization during an active fight‐flight response in favor of passive and behaviorally immobile coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Autonomic Cardiovascular Dysregulation at Rest and During Stress in Chronically Low Blood Pressure

Author

Duschek, Stefan, Hoffmann, Alexandra, Montoro, Casandra I., and Reyes del Paso, Gustavo A.

Abstract

Abstract.Chronic low blood pressure (hypotension) is accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue, reduced drive, faintness, dizziness, cold limbs, and concentration difficulties. The study explored the involvement of aberrances in autonomic cardiovascular control in the origin of this condition. In 40 hypotensive and 40 normotensive subjects, impedance cardiography, electrocardiography, and continuous blood pressure recordings were performed at rest and during stress induced by mental calculation. Parameters of cardiac sympathetic control (i.e., stroke volume, cardiac output, pre-ejection period, total peripheral resistance), parasympathetic control (i.e., heart rate variability), and baroreflex function (i.e., baroreflex sensitivity) were obtained. The hypotensive group exhibited markedly lower stroke volume, heart rate, and cardiac output, as well as higher pre-ejection period and baroreflex sensitivity than the control group. Hypotension was furthermore associated with a smaller blood pressure response during stress. No group differences arose in total peripheral resistance and heart rate variability. While reduced beta-adrenergic myocardial drive seems to constitute the principal feature of the autonomic impairment that characterizes chronic hypotension, baroreflex-related mechanisms may also contribute to this state. Insufficient organ perfusion due to reduced cardiac output and deficient cardiovascular adjustment to situational requirements may be involved in the manifestation of bodily and mental symptoms.

Published
2024
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31. A Case-Control Study of Cognitive Function in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Before and After Hemodialysis in Southern Spain

Author

Sánchez Fernández, María Mar, Fernández Serrano, María Josefa, Moreno Salazar, Antonio S., and Reyes del Paso, Gustavo Adolfo

Subjects
Male, Stroke rehabilitation, Thyroid hormones, Middle Aged, Stroke, Cognition, Cognitive dysfunction, Thyroid Dysgenesis, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, TMS 42, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Aged
Abstract

BACKGROUND: This single-center study aimed to investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on modulation of thyroid hormone levels and cognition in the recovery stage of patients with cognitive dysfunction following stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy post-stroke patients who had cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to either the rTMS group or the control (sham) group. Both groups were administered basic treatment, with the rTMS group receiving rTMS (1 Hz, 90% MT, 1000 pulse/20 min, once a day for 5 days, for a total of 20 times), the stimulation site was the contralateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the sham group receiving sham stimulation which had the same stimulation parameters and site, except that the coil plane was placed perpendicular to the surface of the scalp. Cognitive function assessment and thyroid function tests were performed before and after 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) showed a positive correlation with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale score of stroke patients in the recovery phase. The post-treatment change in the scores of MoCA and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and scores of 3 cognitive domains (visuospatial function, memory, and attention), as well as serum T3, FT3, and TSH levels, were improved more significantly in the rTMS group, and T3 and FT3 levels significantly affected the MoCA scores within the reference range. CONCLUSIONS: Serum T3, FT3, and TSH levels of stroke patients in the recovery phase were positively correlated with MoCA score. rTMS increased T3, FT3, and TSH levels and also improved MoCA and MBI of patients in the recovery phase of stroke.

Published
2023

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