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This review article identifies the trends and developments regarding teachers in international schools from 1998 until 2022. International school teachers as a group are worthy of study as the number of schools delivering a curriculum in English outside of an English-speaking nation has grown considerably in recent years. Amidst continuous statistical growth there has been major structural changes as the arena has attracted a local middle class and the attention of commercial entities. As a result, the profit driven 'non-traditional' arena is now the dominant one, centred upon The Asia-Pacific and the Middle-East. This literature review analysed 69 peer-reviewed academic journal papers with regard to their thematic focus, methods, and theoretical frameworks. Three distinct phases of literature can be identified, with a sociological lens appearing after 2012 and a major period of growth beginning in 2015, and a large number of research gaps can be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many years, the significance of cardiac lymphatic vessels was largely overlooked in clinical practice, with little consideration given to their role in the pathophysiology or treatment of cardiac diseases. However, recent research has brought renewed attention to these vessels, progressively illuminating their function and importance within the realm of cardiovascular science. Experimental studies, particularly those utilizing animal models of cardiac disease, have demonstrated a clear relationship between cardiac lymphatic vessels and both the pathogenesis and progression of these conditions. These findings have prompted a growing interest in potential therapeutic applications that specifically target the cardiac lymphatic system. Conversely, while clinical investigations into cardiac lymphatics remain limited, recent studies have begun to explore their identification through specific surface markers, as well as the expression dynamics of lymphangiogenic factors. These studies have increasingly highlighted associations of lymphatic dysfunction with inflammation and fibrosis, both of which negatively impact cardiac function and remodeling across various pathological states. Despite these advances, comprehensive reviews of the current knowledge regarding the cardiac lymphatic vasculature, particularly within specific disease contexts, remain scarce. This review aims to address this gap by providing a detailed synthesis of existing reports, encompassing both animal model research and studies on human clinical specimens, with a special focus on the role of cardiac lymphatic vessels in different disease states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Arbeidsvraagstukken is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For EFL learners’ development of oral communication competence in English, computer-assisted instruction has become an indispensable model. In the face of the arrival of the information and intelligence era and the need for regular pandemic prevention and control, blended learning has become a normalized teaching approach. Although there have been some investigations of the effectiveness of blended learning in enhancing college EFL students’ English communication skills, a review article that synthesizes the findings of these studies deserves an urgent attention. Thus, the overall purpose of this research is to review previous studies that have examined the use of blended learning to improve college EFL students’ English communication skills. The anticipated outcomes of this research can uncover the potential benefits of utilizing blended learning for enhancing English oral communicative competence among college EFL students. This article can offer some critical perspectives, suggestions, and consequences concerning the integration of blended learning in the acquisition of English language communication competence among college EFL students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal artery denervation has re-emerged as a potential therapeutic option for patients with hypertension, especially those resistant to conventional pharmacotherapy. This comprehensive review explores the importance of careful patient selection, procedural techniques, clinical efficacy, safety considerations, and future directions of renal artery denervation in hypertension management. Drawing upon a wide range of available evidence, this review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the procedure and its role in contemporary hypertension treatment paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Spinal surgery is a common procedure associated with significant postoperative pain, and identifying effective interventions to manage this pain is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. This review assesses the existing literature to determine the overall impact of vitamin C supplementation on spinal postoperative pain. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes. It functions as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within the body. Furthermore, vitamin C is a cofactor in collagen synthesis, a crucial component of connective tissues, including those found in the spinal structures. Given its antioxidant and collagen-promoting properties, vitamin C has piqued interest as a potential therapeutic option for postoperative spinal pain. Based on the available evidence, vitamin C may have a beneficial effect on postoperative spinal pain, including reducing pain scores, analgesic consumption, and the incidence of complications such as complex regional pain syndrome. However, more research is needed to fully understand the optimal dosage and duration of vitamin C supplementation for postoperative pain management. Conclusion Vitamin C could be considered a potentially beneficial adjunctive therapy for managing spinal postoperative pain, but its routine use requires further investigation.

In response to the challenge of atmospheric pollution posed by growing environmental problems, this study reviews and analyzes the research status and development trends of green infrastructure (GI) in improving air pollution from 2014 to 2024. Using the CiteSpace tool, we explore research hotspots, disciplinary developments, significant contributors, and influential literature in this field, identifying current research gaps and predicting future trends. The findings indicate that GI significantly impacts the reduction of air pollution, the regulation of urban microclimates, and the enhancement of ecosystem services. However, existing studies often focus on isolated aspects and lack comprehensive assessments. Moreover, the research trajectory in this field shows a declining trend. Future research should emphasize interdisciplinary integration, combining ecology, urban planning, meteorology, and public health. By utilizing advanced technologies, such as drones, remote sensing, AI, and big data analysis, we can improve data accuracy and the generalizability of research findings. Additionally, it is crucial to consider the performance of GI under different climatic conditions and socio-economic contexts to comprehensively quantify its overall benefits in terms of air quality, urban thermal comfort, public health, and economic impact. This comprehensive approach will provide a scientific basis for policy-making and urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legislative committees have recently received inadequate attention in the available interjurisdictional literature. This article in the 2024 Policy Studies Yearbook, published by Politics & Policy, reviews legislative committee data categories, methods, and the distribution of authorship to explore how legislative committee research has fared between 2010 and 2023. This review article establishes that since 2010, research on committee structure has been dominated by U.S. congressional theories and how to test them in noncongressional settings. The dominant aspect of legislative organization across the five reviewed themes is the selection of committee members, an essential aspect of understanding power dynamics in modern legislatures. As survey methods and case studies have increased, the archival analysis methods have decreased, indicating an increasing turn to first‐hand primary data in analyzing the internal organization of committees. There is also a growing trend toward greater collaboration among scholars. Related Articles: Jeong, Gyung‐Ho. 2016. "Electoral Rules and Bureaucratic Effectiveness." Politics & Policy 44(6): 1089–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12184. Jones, Kate, and Kerry, Jacobs. 2009. "Public Accounts Committees, New Public Management, and Institutionalism: A Case Study." Politics & Policy 39(5): 1023–46. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00209.x/abstract. Pelizzo, Riccardo and Abel Kinyondo. 2014. "Public Accounts Committees in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Comparative Analysis." Politics & Policy 42(1), 77–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12062. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The active ingredients extracted from plant materials play an important role in human life and health, and the extraction is a critical step in the preparation of them. It is necessary to develop a sustainable and green extraction. Steam explosion pretreatment enhanced extraction is a higher efficiency, lower equipment investment, less hazardous chemicals and environment-friendly technique, which has been widely used to extract active ingredients from various plant materials. In this paper, current progress and future prospects of steam explosion pretreatment enhanced extraction are overviewed. The equipment, operating steps, strengthening mechanism, critical process factors are comprehensively introduced. Furthermore, recent applications and comparisons with other techniques are discussed in depth. Finally, the future development trends are prospected. The current results show that steam explosion pretreatment enhanced extraction has the advantage of high efficiency. Moreover, steam explosion is simple in equipment, and easy to operate. In conclusion, steam explosion pretreatment can be effectively used to enhance the extraction of active ingredients from plant materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments, especially in the area of gait disturbances. Physiotherapy, with a focus on task‐specific training, has demonstrated a level of efficacy as regards alleviating symptoms and enhancing functional capabilities in individuals with PD. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for improving motor functions in individuals with PD. Aims: This review article aims to investigate the effects of combining rTMS with task‐specific training on gait performance in individuals with PD. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Scopus were all searched for relevant studies. The focus of the search was on studies that investigated the efficacy of combining rTMS with task‐specific training to improve gait performance in individuals with PD. Results: Four studies were identified as fulfilling the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. The combination of rTMS with specific treadmill training and weight‐bearing exercises can significantly enhance walking efficiency, including improvements in walking speed, self‐mobility, and step rate. In addition, the combination of rTMS and task‐specific training, such as treadmill‐based training, shows promise in enhancing gait performance in individuals with PD. Discussion and Conclusion: High‐frequency rTMS targeting the primary motor cortex (or M1) can result in improved walking speed, self‐mobility, and step rate. However, limited research exists regarding low‐frequency stimulation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in individuals with gait issues. Further research is required to determine the optimal parameters of rTMS, such as strength, frequency, and duration of stimulation and it is worth considering the incorporation of additional training modalities, including cognitive exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spinal surgery is a common procedure associated with significant postoperative pain, and identifying effective interventions to manage this pain is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. This review assesses the existing literature to determine the overall impact of vitamin C supplementation on spinal postoperative pain. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes. It functions as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within the body. Furthermore, vitamin C is a cofactor in collagen synthesis, a crucial component of connective tissues, including those found in the spinal structures. Given its antioxidant and collagen-promoting properties, vitamin C has piqued interest as a potential therapeutic option for postoperative spinal pain. Based on the available evidence, vitamin C may have a beneficial effect on postoperative spinal pain, including reducing pain scores, analgesic consumption, and the incidence of complications such as complex regional pain syndrome. However, more research is needed to fully understand the optimal dosage and duration of vitamin C supplementation for postoperative pain management. Conclusion: Vitamin C could be considered a potentially beneficial adjunctive therapy for managing spinal postoperative pain, but its routine use requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Not available

Urban rivers are affected at different levels by the intensification of human activities, representing a serious threat to the maintenance of terrestrial life and sustainable urban development. Consequently, great efforts have been dedicated to the ecological restoration of urban rivers around the world, as a solution to recovering the environmental functionality of these environments. In this sense, the present work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of interventions carried out aimed at the recovery of urban rivers, through a systematic review of the literature between 2010 and 2022, using the search term "rivers recovery." The results showed that there have been notable advances in the implementation of river recovery programs in urban areas around the world between the years analyzed. The ecosystems studied were affected, for the most part, by the increase in the supply of nutrients from domestic and industrial effluents, in addition to having highly urbanized surroundings and with several changes in land use patterns. The preparation of this literature review made it possible to demonstrate that the effectiveness of river recovery is extremely complex, since river recovery projects are developed for different reasons, as well as being carried out in different ways according to the intended objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue expansion (TE) is a rather widely accepted technique in plastic surgery, with variable indications; among numerous other indications, it is commonly used in scar management. In our research, we focused on the significance of TE as an important armamentarium and valid solution for the treatment of large and old post-burn scars, with good cosmetic and functional outcomes. Our study is a retrospective analysis conducted at Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, during the period from 2020 to 2023. This retrospective analysis included 15 tissue expanders, which were inserted in eight patients with large post-burn scars. Each patient underwent two stages of scar repair using variable-size tissue expanders. Post-operative assessment for scar quality and patient satisfaction was conducted using the POSAS score system in addition to standard documentation. Our study sheds light on the satisfactory and accepted cosmetic and functional outcomes for skin tissue expanders for post-burn scars and deformities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic substantially influenced the world economy, affecting entrepreneurs and SMEs alike. This paper critically examines the relationship between entrepreneurship and COVID-19 through an integrative review analyzing 79 existing studies on the topic. We posit a novel framework for postcrisis recovery, identifying three phases of activity: business resumption (the decision to restart operations following a crisis), crisis impact analysis (understanding how the firm has changed as a result of the crisis), and future review and modification (examining how businesses need to move forward in the latter days following a crisis). Further, we call for additional entrepreneurship research embedded in a crisis environment, with the hope that new scholarship in this regard will provide a chance to increase awareness of the critical role of entrepreneurial management in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately assigning the document type of review articles in citation index databases like Web of Science(WoS) and Scopus is important. This study aims to investigate the document type assignation of review articles in Web of Science, Scopus and Publisher’s websites on a large scale.

For many years, the significance of cardiac lymphatic vessels was largely overlooked in clinical practice, with little consideration given to their role in the pathophysiology or treatment of cardiac diseases. However, recent research has brought renewed attention to these vessels, progressively illuminating their function and importance within the realm of cardiovascular science. Experimental studies, particularly those utilizing animal models of cardiac disease, have demonstrated a clear relationship between cardiac lymphatic vessels and both the pathogenesis and progression of these conditions. These findings have prompted a growing interest in potential therapeutic applications that specifically target the cardiac lymphatic system. Conversely, while clinical investigations into cardiac lymphatics remain limited, recent studies have begun to explore their identification through specific surface markers, as well as the expression dynamics of lymphangiogenic factors. These studies have increasingly highlighted associations of lymphatic dysfunction with inflammation and fibrosis, both of which negatively impact cardiac function and remodeling across various pathological states. Despite these advances, comprehensive reviews of the current knowledge regarding the cardiac lymphatic vasculature, particularly within specific disease contexts, remain scarce. This review aims to address this gap by providing a detailed synthesis of existing reports, encompassing both animal model research and studies on human clinical specimens, with a special focus on the role of cardiac lymphatic vessels in different disease states.

Soil reinforcement is increasingly applied in many geotechnical applications due to its high performance and justified costs than other alternatives. Footings are frequently located close to each other leading to interference with one another's efficiency. Closely constructed shallow footings on geo-reinforced soils (GRS) have a markedly significant effect on bearing capacity (BC) combined with more complex interaction behaviors than individual footings requiring further research. This research aims to investigate in more detail than hitherto done with attention paid to the BC, tilt and efficiency factors of interfering footings. The potential BC failure and resistance mechanisms are discussed in detail. Optimal reinforcement variables and new relationships are proposed for various footing geometries using new dimensionless interference factors to achieve more accurate analysis and design of twin footings on GRS. Based on shortcomings of the cited studies, design guidelines and future research recommendations are made. Results reveal that maximum interference factors of the interacting footings on GRS appear when the ratio of the center-to-center distance of footings to a footing width Δ/B is almost 1.5–2 depending on the footing geometry, underlying soil and reinforcement characteristics. However, at the range of Δ/B = 3–5 the interference factors disappear. Optimizing reinforcement parameters, the combined influence of reinforcement and interference led to increasing the magnitude of BC by 1.35 to 3.6 times. Reinforcement below interfering footings reduces the depth of influenced stress significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the rapid growth of social media platforms and online news consumption, the proliferation of fake news has emerged as a pressing concern. Detecting and combating fake news has become crucial in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of information disseminated through social media. Machine learning plays a crucial role in fake news detection due to its ability to analyze large amounts of data and identify patterns and trends that are indicative of misinformation. Fake news detection involves analyzing various types of data, such as textual or media content, social context, and network structure. Machine learning techniques enable automated and scalable detection of fake news, which is essential given the vast volume of information shared on social media platforms. Overall, machine learning provides a powerful tool for detecting and preventing the spread of fake news on social media. This review article provides an extensive analysis of recent advancements in fake news detection. The chosen articles cover a wide range of approaches, including data mining, deep learning, natural language processing (NLP), ensemble learning, transfer learning, and graph-based techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa has been an important case in both scholarship and the public eye for decades. The anti-apartheid struggle saw mass international participation, and there was significant international optimism about the South African transition to multiracial democracy in 1994. Yet in the years since the advent of the new democratic dispensation in South Africa, a kind of pessimism has set in about the prospects for the country and for its democracy. Into this conversation Evan Lieberman's book, Until We Have Won Our Liberty, inserts a new perspective, arguing that South African democracy has been remarkably successful. Relying on a largely descriptive analysis of progress in infrastructure, rights guarantees, and dignified development, Lieberman argues that democratic performance in the country, especially given the starting point for democracy, has exceeded reasonable expectations. Lieberman's focus on what has gone right in South African democracy bucks many disciplinary and scholarly norms but presents a compelling argument for introspection on the part of the field. Political science often uses a deficit model to understand governmental performance, focusing on what is missing, what has gone wrong, what needs to be improved. Evan Lieberman's book, Until We Have Won Our Liberty, presents a new question: what has gone right? Using a descriptive analysis of South African democratic performance since the advent of multiracial elections, Lieberman argues that South African democracy has performed remarkably well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally acknowledged that an abstract is just a short text, but it is a gateway to publish and promote the article. However, writing a good abstract to publish in a prestigious international journal is quite challenging. Therefore, writing a well-constructed abstract based on the guideline is the best solution for writers. So far, the study on how to arrange rhetorical moves for writing the abstract of the review article is very limited. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the rhetorical structure of review article abstracts in applied linguistics published in high-impact international journals. The checklist obtained from the pilot project was used to analyze the 50 review article abstracts selected from four international journals. The results show that five moves are identified: Background, Objective, Method, Synthesis of Discussion, and Conclusion. The first two moves are regarded as conventional, while the rest of the moves are optional. Moreover, the outcomes indicate that some moves are constructed differently in terms of the content and structure, especially the linguistic features, compared to the research article abstracts. The findings also reveal that Background-Objective-Synthesis of Discussion (M1-M2-M4) is the common move pattern. As a practical implication, article writers should follow the common rhetorical move pattern and linguistic features as shown by this study when writing a review article abstract. For theoretical application, this study can be used to support future studies also.

The article provides an overview of the scientific conference “Vectors and Prospects of Describing Cultural Semantics” held on May 25, 2023 at the Pushkin State Institute of the Russian Language within the framework of the Third Kostomarov Forum. The conference participants discussed the ways and methods of studying the cultural semantics of language and the impact of digi- tal technologies on this process. The review introduces the reports of well-known scholars dealing with the problems of attracting extralinguistic information in “small lexicography” (M.A. Krongauz), the cultural component of the meaning of language units (A.D. Shmelev), linguoculturology as a direction of anthropological linguistics (V.I. Karasik), integrative approach in the study of paroemias and phraseological units (M.L. Kovshova). Attention is drawn to the works devoted to the types of linguistic knowledge in the process of speech activity (N.B. Mechkovskaya), the differentiation of ethnolinguistics and linguoculturology (E.L. Berezovich), and the representation of cultural semantics in dictionaries of different types (N.G. Bragina). Designated are the directions of research of cultural semantics through the prism of semantic universals based on the approach “natural semantic metalanguage” (A.N. Gladkova) as well as combinations of traditional and experimental methods in linguoculturology when comparing universal values of different cultures (S.L. Nistratova). The observations of I.M. Kobozeva on articles on cultural semantics submitted to the editorial office of the Bulletin of the Moscow University are presented.

Abstract Purpose Highly accelerated compressed sensing cine has allowed for quantification of ventricular function in a single breath hold. However, compared to segmented breath hold techniques, there may be underestimation or overestimation of LV volumes. Furthermore, a heterogeneous sample of techniques have been used in volunteers and patients for pre-clinical and clinical use. This can complicate individual comparisons where small, but statistically significant differences exist in left ventricular morphological and/or functional parameters. This meta-analysis aims to provide a comparison of conventional cine versus compressed sensing based reconstruction techniques in patients and volunteers. Methods Two investigators performed systematic searches for eligible studies using PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science to identify studies published 1/1/2010-3/1/2021. Ultimately, 15 studies were included for comparison between compressed sensing cine and conventional imaging. Results Compared to conventional cine, there were small, statistically significant overestimation of LV mass, underestimation of stroke volume and LV end diastolic volume (mean difference 2.65 g [CL 0.57–4.73], 2.52 mL [CL 0.73–4.31], and 2.39 mL [CL 0.07–4.70], respectively). Attenuated differences persisted across studies using prospective gating (underestimated stroke volume) and non-prospective gating (underestimation of stroke volume, overestimation of mass). There were no significant differences in LV volumes or LV mass with high or low acceleration subgroups in reference to conventional cine except slight underestimation of ejection fraction among high acceleration studies. Reduction in breath hold acquisition time ranged from 33 to 64%, while reduction in total scan duration ranged from 43 to 97%. Conclusion LV volume and mass assessment using compressed sensing CMR is accurate compared to conventional parallel imaging cine.

Copyright of Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Laboratory Diagnostics / Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Highly accelerated compressed sensing cine has allowed for quantification of ventricular function in a single breath hold. However, compared to segmented breath hold techniques, there may be underestimation or overestimation of LV volumes. Furthermore, a heterogeneous sample of techniques have been used in volunteers and patients for pre-clinical and clinical use. This can complicate individual comparisons where small, but statistically significant differences exist in left ventricular morphological and/or functional parameters. This meta-analysis aims to provide a comparison of conventional cine versus compressed sensing based reconstruction techniques in patients and volunteers. Methods: Two investigators performed systematic searches for eligible studies using PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science to identify studies published 1/1/2010-3/1/2021. Ultimately, 15 studies were included for comparison between compressed sensing cine and conventional imaging. Results: Compared to conventional cine, there were small, statistically significant overestimation of LV mass, underestimation of stroke volume and LV end diastolic volume (mean difference 2.65 g [CL 0.57–4.73], 2.52 mL [CL 0.73–4.31], and 2.39 mL [CL 0.07–4.70], respectively). Attenuated differences persisted across studies using prospective gating (underestimated stroke volume) and non-prospective gating (underestimation of stroke volume, overestimation of mass). There were no significant differences in LV volumes or LV mass with high or low acceleration subgroups in reference to conventional cine except slight underestimation of ejection fraction among high acceleration studies. Reduction in breath hold acquisition time ranged from 33 to 64%, while reduction in total scan duration ranged from 43 to 97%. Conclusion: LV volume and mass assessment using compressed sensing CMR is accurate compared to conventional parallel imaging cine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unexplained cardiac arrest (UCA) is a working diagnosis that should be replaced by a final diagnosis once evaluation is completed. Complete evaluation of UCA should include high-yield tests like cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, exercise treadmill test, and sodium-channel blocker challenge to identify latent causes of UCA. If no clear etiology is revealed after complete evaluation, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation may be diagnosed, and the strength of its diagnosis can be divided into definitive, probable, and possible based on the number of high-yield tests performed. Care should be provided by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil liquefaction remains an important and interesting problem that has attracted the development of enumerable prediction models. Increasingly, these models are utilizing algorithmic learning or "artificial intelligence" (AI). The rapid growth of AI in the liquefaction literature is unsurprising, given its ease of implementation and potential advantages over traditional statistical methods. However, AI liquefaction models have been widely ignored by practitioners and researchers alike; the objective of this article is to investigate "why?" Through a sample review of 75 publications, we identify several good reasons. Namely, these models frequently (1) are not compared to state-of-practice models, making it unclear why they should be adopted; (2) depart from best practices in model development; (3) use AI in ways that may not be useful; (4) are presented in ways that overstate their complexity and make them unapproachable; and (5) are discussed but not actually provided, meaning that no one can use the models even if they wanted to. These prevailing problems must be understood, identified, and remedied, but this does not mean that AI itself is problematic or that all prior efforts have been without merit or utility. Instead, understanding these recurrent shortcomings can help improve the direction and perceptions of this growing body of work. Toward this end, we highlight papers that are generally free from these shortcomings, and which demonstrate applications where AI is more likely to provide value in the near-term: permitting new modeling approaches and potentially improving predictions of liquefaction phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The menarche plays an important role in a woman's life, as its onset may generate the development of certain pathologies in the future. Objectives: To review the updated bibliography about risk factors related to the age of onset of menarche. Search Strategy: A systematic search review of PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCO‐Host, Springer Link, and Clinical Key from November 2021 to May 2022. Data Collection and Analysis: From each article a descriptive summary organized by first author, year of publication, type of article, characteristics of the study, and results was extracted. The results of the different articles were compared before using them in the current literature review. Main Results: A total of 15 824 articles were collected, from which 33 articles were used following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was found that an early estrogen stimulus triggers a predisposing factor for pathologies such as insulin resistance, asthma and short stature. In contrast, a late estrogenic stimulus generates low bone mineral density. Conclusions: The importance of menarche as a protective or triggering factor of pathologies helps us to implement preventive measures to avoid these future pathologies. Synopsis: Onset of menarche generates the development of certain pathologies; knowing it can help us to implement preventive measures to avoid the development of future diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article presents the results of an exploratory study for illuminating the state of the research concerning public policy in Colombia. A core assumption of the project is that the national capacity (intellectual capital) for producing relevant and thorough research in public policy, theory and practice, is a key element for the quality of its democracy and the sustainability of the system. A systematic documentary review of the research papers produced between 2008 and 2018 was conducted, spanning a total of 1010 papers. The results point to the relevance of continuing this type of study within Colombia and to the need of involving all the stakeholders in a dialogue about how to improve the country's capacity to design, implement, and evaluate sound public policies. Related Articles: Asongu, Simplice A. 2016. "Sino‐African Relations: A Review and Reconciliation of Dominant Schools of Thought." Politics & Policy 44(2): 351–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12152. De Lombaerde, Philippe. 2015. "The Political Economy of Trade Protection in Colombia." Politics & Policy 43(6): 855–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12140. Seefeldt, Jennapher Lunde. 2020. "Lessons from the Lithium Triangle: Considering Policy Explanations for the Variation in Lithium Industry Development in the 'Lithium Triangle' Countries of Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia." Politics & Policy 48(4): 727–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12365. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) contributes to public administration by augmenting public services, including managing big data and information technology. AI is currently utilized in e‐government services that contribute value to American citizens, including providing a personalized customer experience, such as linking individualized data and processing individual assistance requests. Furthermore, AI can take over redundant routine tasks such as digital information provisioning and delivering services. However, in the United States, there is no overarching policy that governs AI. Inconsistent public policy contributes to public distrust of AI, concerns about privacy intrusion, and fears of inequitable service delivery. This review article discusses the rapid emergence of government applications of AI and provides a systematic review of proposed AI governance models. It then outlines their common components for the purpose of building a coherent, yet adaptable, AI Governance Framework and proposes a research agenda for policy and administration researchers. Related Articles: Glen, Carol M. 2014. "Internet Governance: Territorializing Cyberspace?" Politics & Policy 42(5): 635–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12093. Glen, Carol M. 2021. "Norm Entrepreneurship in Global Cybersecurity." Politics & Policy 49(5): 1121–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12430. Zeng, Jinghan, Tim Stevens, and Yaru Chen. 2017. "China's Solution to Global Cyber Governance: Unpacking the Domestic Discourse of 'Internet Sovereignty.'" Politics & Policy 45(3): 432–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12202. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reviews studies on sports performance and visual exploration strategies in the field of sports proficiency and comprehension. Accepting visual information is conducted through visual search, now referred to as visual exploration. Visual exploration refers to the process of paying attention to appropriate key clues that contain the necessary information to prepare and execute actions in a given circumstance or to make pertinent decisions. The visual exploration study uses an eye-tracking system to measure gaze fixation time and position, and to discern the disparity in the process of obtaining information between experienced and amateurs depending on the various sports fields and presents meaningful results in revealing the characteristics of the former: experienced individuals. The Vision-in-Action system presents a methodology that can solve the limitations of the visual exploration paradigm. That is, the movement pattern of the gaze is recorded at the same time as performing the physical technical movement performed in the actual sporting event. This methodology is consistent with a theoretical flow that emphasizes the perceptual-action coupling process. Research on visual exploration and exercise performance has been conducted in various sporting events such as aiming, conceptual, and tactical tasks. Specifically, in aiming tasks, QED is a crucial facet linked to performance accuracy. Based on these exploration studies, perceptual technology training is applied. Perception technology training is applied as a method of QED and gaze control training, and it is reported that it has a distinctively positive effect on improving performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sterilisaatio on yksi maailman käytetyimmistä ehkäisymenetelmistä, jonka myös osa vapaaehtoisesti lapsettomista henkilöistä katsoo itselleen parhaaksi ehkäisyvaihtoehdoksi. Toimenpiteen pysyvyyden ja eugeniikkaan liittyvän historian vuoksi sen suorittamista säädellään monissa maissa kansallisella lainsäädännöllä tai eettisillä ohjeistuksilla. Sterilisaatiota koskevissa päätöksissä merkittävässä roolissa ovat myös lääkärit. Vaikka vapaaehtoisesti lapsettomien omissa narratiiveissa sterilisaatio näyttäytyy usein positiivisena asiana, on lääketieteellisessä keskustelussa noussut esiin huoli toimenpiteen mahdollisesta katumisesta. Katsausartikkelissa selvitän 1970-luvulta nykypäivään sijoittuvan tutkimuskirjallisuuden avulla, millaiset tekijät ovat vaikuttaneet sterilisaation katumista koskevien käsitysten muodostumiseen ja samalla näkemyksiin sterilisaatiosta vapaaehtoisesti lapsettomien ehkäisymenetelmänä. Pyrin luomaan laajan kokonaiskuvan ilmiöstä tarkastelemalla lääketieteellistä, eettistä sekä kohderyhmän omaa näkökulmaa esiintuovaa tutkimusta kulttuurintutkimuksellisesta perspektiivistä.

Kiran Chandra Kedarisetti,1 Raja Narayanan,1,2 Michael W Stewart,3 Nikitha Reddy Gurram,1 Arshad M Khanani4,5 1Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; 2Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), Hyderabad, Telangana, India; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; 4Department of Clinical research, Sierra Eye Associates, Reno, NV, USA; 5Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USACorrespondence: Raja Narayanan, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Tel +91-9177111975, Email narayanan@lvpei.orgAbstract: Macular telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel) is a gradually progressive disease that affects the quality of life by impairing both distant and near vision. It had previously been considered a vascular condition, but recent evidence suggests a neurodegenerative etiology, with primary involvement of Muller cells. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) hyperplasia and subretinal neovascularization (SNV) are responsible for most of the vision loss in advanced cases. Neurotrophic factors in the non-proliferative phase and intravitreal anti-Vascular Endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the proliferative phase have shown to retard the progression of the disease. This review will discuss the pathophysiology, clinical features, important diagnostic imaging studies and available treatment options for MacTel.Keywords: macular telangiectasia type 2, MacTel, CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor

Secondary lymphedema is caused by lymphatic insufficiency (lymphatic drainage failure) following lymph node dissection during the surgical treatment or radiation therapy of breast or pelvic cancer. The clinical problems associated with lymphedema are reduced quality of life in terms of appearance and function, as well as the development of skin ulcers, recurrent pain, and infection. Currently, countermeasures against lymphedema are mainly physical therapy such as lymphatic massage, elastic stockings, and skin care, and there is no effective and fundamental treatment with a highly recommended grade. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a fundamental novel treatment for intractable lymphedema. Therapeutic lymphangiogenesis, which has been attracting attention in recent years, is a treatment concept that reconstructs the fragmented lymphatic network to recover lymphatic vessel function and is revolutionary to be a fundamental cure. This review focuses on the translational research of therapeutic lymphangiogenesis for lymphedema and outlines the current status and prospects in the development of therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review focuses on Part 1 of the new Routledge Handbook to Sociology of Music Education, titled "Post-structuralism, Globalization, Internationalization, and Post-colonialism." Framed by Hildegard Froehlich's (2006) call for music education scholarship to "prob[e] the nature of power relationships and the paradoxes that form them" (6), we discuss not only the contexts and arguments revealed by the authors in Part I, but also consider how "power relations" and "paradoxes" might get in the way of meeting social justice goals--for the chapters in this section of the Handbook and for other authors with similar interests. The review closes with reflective questions that guide readers to consider how to acknowledge and engage with the paradoxes in their everyday work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, collaboration within a team to solve complicated scientific and social problems has attracted growing popularity. In particular, many complex challenges and opportunities require expertise and skills across disciplinary, organizational, and cultural boundaries. However, rapid growth in the demand for scientific collaboration has outpaced changes in the factors needed to support scientific teams. Also, scientific results are not simply a combination of different working results; understanding how teams work and what causes them to fail or succeed is of the utmost importance. Thus, the Science of Team Science (SciTS), an emerging interdisciplinary research area, has emerged as a way of understanding and managing the circumstances that facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of large-scale cross-disciplinary, collaborative research, training, and translational initiatives. SciTS integrates various quantitative and qualitative research methods and is still advancing in its sophistication. Using bibliometric and information visualization methods, this paper clarifies the concepts and connotations of teams and team science. It sets out important events in the emergence and development of SciTS and summarizes the characteristics of the SciTS literature, identifying seven main research areas. The paper concludes with a discussion on the challenges facing the future advancement of SciTS and corresponding recommendations for breaking through these bottlenecks. Our goal is to deepen researchers’ understanding of SciTS and better inform the policies and practices that govern SciTS for more effective team science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chironomus sancticaroli is a tropical species, easy to grow and to maintain in laboratory cultures. It has a fast reproduction cycle, under adequate conditions, around 30 days, allowing it to have many generations per year, an important criterion for selecting a test organism in ecotoxicology. Its life stages include: eggs, four larval instars (one planktonic and three benthic), pupa and adult (midges) This study aimed to: (1) review the methods for C. sancticaroli cultivation and its use in ecotoxicological tests, (2) establish a laboratory culture of C. sancticaroli, presenting the difficulties and discussing the ways to overcome them. Early 4th instar larvae was the most used in acute studies, while the 1st instar larvae (early 1st instar) was the most used in chronic studies; 96 h and 28 days were the most frequent durations in acute and chronic studies, respectively. The most common endpoints evaluated were organisms' survival and development, and most of the ecotoxicological studies using C. sancticaroli were performed in laboratory. Most of the tested contaminants were pesticides and these had the most adverse effects on organisms. Most mesocosms with environmental contaminated samples did not show adverse effects on C. sancticaroli. Chronic and field studies as well as those testing the effects of the mixture contaminants on C. sancticaroli were still deficient. Keeping the laboratory environment and equipment effectively sanitized was important as well as maintaining stabilized conditions of temperature, photoperiod, physical, chemical and biological water quality in cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]