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Nanotechnology provides a very good chance to research and develop multipurpose nanomaterials because of their smaller size, larger surface area, low cost, and nanoscale materials, which are auspicious tools for many biological applications. The AgVO3 nanoparticle synthesis employing plant extract has offered an eco-friendly alternative for the industry. Literature survey shows that no research has been performed on AgVO3 using jackfruit; hence, we prepared AgVO3 using jackfruit extract as a reducing agent by a simple, easy, and eco-friendly precipitation method. The characterization techniques used for synthesized AgVO3 nanoparticles were x-ray diffraction analysis, which determines the monoclinic structure of synthesized AgVO3 nanoparticles; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which shows the bonding of V–O–V; and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectra (EDS), which confirm the size, shape, purity, and elemental composition. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis confirms the pore size, pore volume, and surface area of synthesized AgVO3 nanoparticles, Raman studies show the crystalline property, and UV–Vis studies give information about the material's formation and optical properties. The bandgap was calculated to be 2.54 eV. Furthermore, the photocatalytic studies show 98.14% degradation in 180 min using MB dye. We also performed scavenger studies for detection of OH· radicals and recyclability. Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) micro-organisms were used to determine the antimicrobial characteristics. The full analysis verifies AgVO3's antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as its excellent photocatalytic activities for the degradation of the organic dye methylene blue with a high degree of recyclability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present work describes the UV–Visible and FT-IR spectral behavior of highly functionalized diarylmethanes via theoretical investigations. Analyses of both theoretical and experimental UV data were in good agreement with the assigned bands. In addition, calculations pertaining to natural bond orbitals (NBOs) and mapped molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPS) were also performed, revealing that the strongest hyperconjugative intramolecular interactions involves the π ⟶ π∗, LP ⟶ σ∗ and n → π * transitions in the D and A rings. Further, the theoretical vibrational analysis revealed several characteristic vibrations that may be used as a diagnostic tool for other diarylmethanes and also indicated that the experimental bands related to the nitrile group occur in regions lower than usual, which confirms high conjugation of the triple bond with the aromatic system. Molecular dynamics (MD) and molecular docking calculations were performed in order to evaluate the behavior of such molecules in aqueous medium and the pharmacological potential. Another interesting observation in this study is the HOMO–LUMO analysis, which showed that the global reactivity values changed according to the type of substituent groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bidentate (N- and O-) imine-based ligand (L1) and its metal complexes of types [CuII(L1)2] (C1), [CuII(L1)(Phen)] (C2), [CoIII(L1)2] (C3), and [CoIII(L1)(Phen)] (C4) (L1 = 2-((E)-(6-fluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-4-chlorophenol and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized as potential chemotherapeutic drug candidates. The prepared complexes were structurally characterized by spectral techniques (NMR, FT-IR, LC-MS, EPR, and electronic absorption), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA), magnetic moment, and CHNO elemental analysis. Spectroscopic studies suggested the distorted octahedral structure for all complexes. In vitro bioassay studies include binding and nuclease activities of the ligand and its complexes with target calf thymus-(CT-) DNA were carried out by employing UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, viscosity, and gel electrophoresis techniques. The extent of binding propensity was determined quantitatively by Kb and Ksv values which revealed a higher binding affinity for C2 and C4 as compared to C1 and C3. In addition, the scavenging superoxide anion free radical (O∙−2) activity of metal complexes was determined by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) light reduction assay. Molecular docking studies with DNA and SOD enzyme were also carried out on these compounds. The antimicrobial study has shown that all the compounds are potential antibacterial agents against Gram-negative bacterial strains and better antifungal agents with respect to standard drugs used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, precise and accurate stability-indicating isocratic reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method was developed for the determination of lamotrigine (LMT) in bulk drug and in its tablets. The method was developed using Waters Aquity BEH C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column with mobile phase consisting of a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer of pH 3.5 and an equal ratio of methanol and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v). The eluted compound was detected at 228 nm with a UV detector. The standard curve of mean peak area versus concentration showed an excellent linearity over a concentration range 1.0 . 75 µg/mL. Within-day and between-days RSD were less than 1.3% pronounces precision of the method. The accuracy of the method was further ascertained by recovery studies via standard addition procedure and the recoveries obtained were 98 - 100%. Forced degradation of the bulk sample was conducted in accordance with the ICH guidelines. Acidic, basic, hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal and photolytic degradation were used to assess the stability indicating power of the method. LMT was found to degrade significantly in acidic, basic and oxidative stress conditions and stable in thermal, hydrolytic and photolytic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two simple, selective, and rapid spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of mycophenolate mofetil (MPM) in pure form and in tablets. Both methods are based on charge-transfer complexation reaction of MPM with p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in dioxane-acetonitrile medium resulting in coloured product measurable at 520 nm (p-CA) or 580nm (DDQ). Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 40-400 and 12-120 µgmL-1 MPM for p-CA and DDQ, respectively, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.9995 and 0.9947. The apparent molar absorptivity values are calculated to be 1.06 × 10³ and 3.87 × 10³ Lmol-1 cm-1, respectively, and the corresponding Sandell's sensitivities are 0.4106 and 0.1119 µg cm-1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are also reported for both methods. The described methods were successfully applied to the determination of MPM in tablets. Statistical comparison of the results with those of the reference method showed excellent agreement. No interference was observed from the common excipients present in tablets. Both methods were validated statistically for accuracy and precision. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by recovery studies via standard addition procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, accurate and sensitive visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of nimodipine (NMD) and nitrazepam (NTZ) is described. The method is based on the diazotization of reduced drugs with nitrous acid followed by coupling with resorcinol to form colored azo-dye in an alkaline medium. The resulting colored azo-dye exhibits maximum absorption peak at 480 nm for both NTZ and NMD. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration ranges 0.5-10 and 1.0-40.0 μg/mL for NTZ and NMD, respectively. The calculated molar absorptivities are 1.84 × 104 and 0.67 × 10-4 L mol-1cm-1 for NTZ and NMD, respectively. All the variables such as effect of acid, alkali and reaction time were studied in order to optimize the reaction conditions. No interference from the excipients added to tablets was found. Statistical analysis of the results using Student's t-test for accuracy and F-test for precision revealed no significant difference between the proposed method and the literature method. The accuracy and validity of the methods were further established by recovery studies through the standard addition technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three simple, sensitive, accurate and indirect visible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of lamotrigine (LMT) in both pure and in pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the oxidation of lamotrigine with a known excess of cerium(IV) in acid medium. The unreacted cerium(IV) oxidize leuco crystal violet to crystal violet colored dye (Method A), leuco malachite green to bluish-green malachite green dye (Method B), leuco xylene cyanol FF to xylene cyanol FF bluish dye (Method C) and exhibiting absorption maxima (λmax) at 580, 610 and 610 nm, respectively. In these methods, the amount of cerium(IV) reacted corresponds to the amount of LMT. The results of the three methods have been validated statistically and by recovery studies. The results obtained in the proposed methods were in good agreement with the label claim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two direct, simple, sensitive and rapid extraction-free spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of lamotrigine (LMT) in pure form and in its dosage forms. The methods are based on formation of ion-pair complex between the drug and two sulphonthalein acidic dyes namely, bromothymol blue (method A) and bromocresol green (method B), followed by the measurement of absorbance at 410 nm in both the methods. Conformity to Beer's law enabled the assay of the drug in the range 1-12 μg mL-1 in both the methods with apparent molar absorptivities of 2.06 × 104 and 1.787 × 104 L mol-1cm-1 for method A and method B, respectively. The Sandell sensitivity values, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values have also been reported for both the methods. The stoichiometry of the ion-pair complexes as evaluated by Job's continuous variations method was 1:1 and the conditional stability constant (log Kf) were calculated to be 7.05 and 8.24 for method A and method B, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the methods were evaluated on intra-day and inter-day basis; the relative error (%RE) was < 2.0% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was < 1.60%. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of drug in tablets without interference by the common coformulated substances. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference method showed good agreement and indicated no significant difference in accuracy and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel copper(II) complex of quinolin-4(3H)-one derived Schiff base ligand was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H-NMR, MS, UV-Vis, magnetic moments, conductance measurements and thermal studies. The DNA binding and nuclease activities of copper(II) complex was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One titrimetric and two spectrophotometric methods which are simple, selective, sensitive, accurate, precise and economical for the determination of etamsylate (ETM) in bulk drug and in tablets employing permanganate as the oxidimetric reagent are described. In titrimetry, ETM is titrated directly with permanganate in sulphuric acid medium. A direct spectrophotometry (method A) involves treating the aqueous solution of the drug with permanganate in alkaline medium and measuring the bluish green product at 610 nm. In indirect spectrophotometry (method B), the drug solution was treated with a fixed concentration of permanganate in H2SO4 medium, and after a specified time, the unreacted permanganate was measured at 545 nm. The molar combining ratio in titrimetry and the optimum assay conditions were studied. Titrimetry is applicable over 1-10 mg range and the calculations are based on a 1:4 (ETM:KMnO4) molar ratio. In spectrophotometry, Beer's law is obeyed over 0.5- 5.0 and 1.5- -15 μg ml-1 for method A and B, respectively. The molar absorptivity values are calculated to be 2.79x104 and 4.17x104 l mol-1 cm-1 for method A and B, respectively and the corresponding sandell sensitivity values are 0.0094 and 0.0063 μg cm-2. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are also reported for spectrophotometric methods. The applicability of the developed methods was demonstrated by the determination of etamsylate in pure drug as well as in commercial dosage forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]