Search

Your search keyword '"Reuther C"' showing total 130 results
Start Over Author "Reuther C"
130 results on '"Reuther C"'

5. Order/disorder processes and electromechanical properties of monoclinic GdCa4O(BO3)3

Author

Münchhalfen, M., Schreuer, J., Reuther, C., Möckel, R., Götze, J., Mehner, E., Stöcker, H., and Meyer, D.

Subjects
heat capacity, piezoelectricity, elasticity, GdCa₄O(BO₃)₃, nonconvergent cation ordering, thermal expansion
Abstract

Large single crystals of GdCa₄O(BO₃)₃ (space group Cm) were grown by the Czochralski method. Dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic coefficients at room temperature as well as specific heat capacity, thermal expansion and cation disorder were studied employing a variety of methods including resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry and X-ray diffraction techniques. The electromechanical parameters (4 dielectric, 10 piezoelectric and 13 elastic stiffness coefficients) obtained on different samples are in excellent agreement indicating high internal consistency of our approach, whereas the values reported in literature differ significantly. The elastic behaviour of GdCa₄O(BO₃)₃ resembles the one of structurally related fluorapatite, i.e. the elastic anisotropy is relatively small and the longitudinal effect of the deviations from Cauchy-relations exhibit a pronounced minimum along the direction of the dominating chains of cation polyhedra. GdCa₄O(BO₃)₃ exhibits a maximum longitudinal piezoelectric effect of 7.67 × 10−12 CN−10, a value in the order of that of langasite-type materials. Significant changes of the calcium/gadolinium distribution on the 3 independent cation sites accompanied by characteristic anomalies of heat capacity and thermal expansion suggest processes of nonconvergent cation ordering above about 900 K in GdCa₄O(BO₃)₃.

Published
2019

6. Abstract

Author

Mache, Ch., Urban, Ch., Sauer, H., Brandesky, G., Meßner, H., Grienberger, H., Becker, H., Slave, I., Hauer, Ch., Pakisch, B., Oberbauer, R., Mokry, M., Ebner, F., Kleinert, R., Schiller, D., Kasparu, H., Schneider, G., Sega, W., Lutz, D., Mader, R. M., Steger, G. G., Sieder, A. E., Ovissi, L., Roth, E., Hamilton, G., Jakesz, R., Rainer, H., Schenk, T., Kornek, G., Schulz, F., Depisch, D., Rosen, H., Sebesta, Ch., Scheithauer, W., Locker, G. J., Czernin, J., Derfler, K., Gnant, M., Schiessel, R., Petru, E., Pickel, H., Heydarfadai, M., Lahousen, M., Haas, J., Sagaster, P., Flamm, J., Umek, H., Essl, R., Teich, G., Micksche, M., Ludwig, H., Ambros, P. F., Lestou, V., Strehl, S., Mann, G., Gadner, H., Eibl, B., Greiter, E., Grünewald, K., Gastl, G., Thaler, J., Aulitzky, W., Lion, T., Henn, T., Gaiger, A., Hofmann, J., Wolf, A., Spitaler, M., Ludescher, Christof, Grunicke, H., Mitterbauer, G., Stangl, E., Geissler, K., Jäger, U., Lechner, K., Mannhalter, C., Haas, Oskar A., Tirita, Anthi, Kahls, P., Haas, O., Hinterberger, W., Linkesch, W., Pober, Michael, Fae, Ingrid, Kyrle, Alexander, Neumeister, Andrea, Panzer, Simon, Kandioler, D., End, A., Grill, R., Karlic, H., Inhauser, T., Chott, A., Pirc-Danoewinata, H., Klepetko, W., Heinz, R., Hopfinger-Limberger, G., Koller, E., Schneider, B., Pittermann, E., Lorber, C., Eichinger, S., Neumann, E., Weidinger, J., Gisslinger, H., Bedford P., Jones D., Cawley J., Catovsky D., Bevan P., Scherrer, R., Bettelheim, P., Knöbl, P., Kyrie, P. A., Lazcika, K., Schwarzinger, I., Sillaber, C., Watzke, H., Dávid, M., Losonczy, H., Matolcsy, A., Papp, M., Prischl, F. C., Schwarzmeier, J. D., Zoubek, Andreas, Harbott, Jochen, Ritterbach, Jutta, Ritter, Jörg, Sillaber, Ch., Agis, H., Spanblöchl, E., Sperr, W. R., Valent, P., Czerwenka, K., Virgolini, I., Li, S. R., Müller, M., Wrann, M., Gaggl, S., Fasching, B., Herold, M., Geissler, D., Nachbaur, D., Huber, Ch., Schwaighofer, H., Pichl, M., Niederwieser, D., Gilly, B., Weissel, H., Lorber, Ch., Schwarzmeier, J., Gasché, C., Reinisch, W., Hilgarth, M., Keil, F., Thomssen, C., Kolb, H. J., Holler, E., Wilmanns, W., Tilg, H., Gächter, A., Panzer-Grümayer, E. R., Majdic, O., Kersey, J. H., Petzer, A. L., Bilgeri, R., Zilian, U., Geisen, F. H., Haun, M., Konwalinka, G., Fuchs, D., Zangerle, R., Artner-Dworzak, E., Weiss, G., Fritsch, P., Tilz, G. P., Dierich, M. P., Wachter, H., Schüller, J., Czejka, M. J., Jäger, W., Meyer, B., Weiss, C., Schernthaner, G., Marosi, Ch., Onderka, E., Schlögl, B., Maca, T., Hanak, R., Mannhalter, Ch., Brenner, B., Mayer, R., Langmann, A., Langmann, G., Slave, J., Poier, E., Stücklschweiger, G., Hackl, A., Fritz, A., Pabinger, I., Willfort, A., Groiss, E., Bernhart, M., Waldner, R., Krieger, O., Nowotny, H., Strobl, H., Michlmayr, G., Mistrik, M., lstvan, L., Kapiotis, S., Laczika, K., Speiser, W., Granena, A., Hermans, J., Zwaan, F., Gratwohl, A., Labar B., Mrsić M., Nemet D., Bogdanić V., Radman I., Zupančić-Šalek Silva, Kovačević-Metelko Jasna, Aurer I., Forstinger, C., Scholten, C., Kier, P., Kalhs, P., Schwinger, W., Slavc, I., Lackner, H., Nussbaumer, W., Fritsch, E., Fink, M., Zechner, O., Kührer, I., Kletter, V., Frey, S., Leitgeb, C., Fritz, E., Silly, H., Brezinschek, R., Kuss, I., Stöger, H., Schmid, M., Samonigg, H., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Schmidt, F., Bauernhofer, T., Kasparek, A. K., Ploner, F., Stoeger, H., Moser, R., Leikauf, W., Klemm, F., Pfeffel, F., Niessner, H., Poschauko, H., Pojer, E., Locker, G. J., Braun, J., Gnant, M. F. X., Michl, I., Pirker, R., Liebhard, A., Zielinski, C., Dittrich, C., Bernát, S. I., Pongrácz, E., Kastner, J., Raderer, M., Jorbenyi, Z., Yilmaz, A., Suardet, L., Lahm, H., Odartchenko, N., Varga, Gy., Sréter, L. A., Oberberg, D., Berdel, W. E., Budiman, R., Brand, C., Berkessy, S., Radványi, G., Pauker, Zs., Nagy, Zs., Karádi, Å., Serti, S., Hainz, R., Kirchweger, P., Prager, C., Prada, J., Neifer, S., Bienzle, U., Kremsner, P., Kämmerer, B., Vetterlein, M., Pohl, W., Letnansky, K., Imre, S. G., Parkas, T., Lakos, Zs., Kiss, A., Telek, B., Felszeghy, E., Kelemen, E., Rak, K., Pfeilstöcker, M., Reisner, R., Salamon, J., Georgopoulos, A., Feistauer, S., Georgopoulos, M., Graninger, W., Klinda, F., Hrubisko, M., Sakalova, A., Weißmann, A., Röhle, R., Fortelny, R., Gutierrez, F., Fritsch, G., Printz, D., Buchinger, P., Buchinger, P., Hoecker, P., Peters, C., Gebauer, E., Katanić, D., Nagy, Á., Szomor, Á., Med. J., Batinić D., Užaervić B., Marušić M., Kovačoević-Metelko Jasminka, Jakić-Razumović Jasminka, Kovačević-Metelko Jasminka, Zuoancić-Šalek Silva, Ihra, G. C., Reinisch, W. W., Hilgarth, M. F., Schwarzmeier, I. D., Várady, E., Molnár, Z. S., Fleischmann, T., Borbényi, Z., Bérczi, M., István, L., Szerafin, L., Jakó, J., Bányai, A., Dankó, K., Szegedi, Gy., Neubauer, M., Frudinger, A., Scholten, Ch., Forstinger, Ch., Dobrić I., Willheim, M., Szépfalusi, Z., Mader, R., Boltz, G., Schwarzmeier, J. D., Nahajevszky, S., Téri, N., Póth, I., Nagy, P., Smanykó, D., Babicz, T., Ujj, Gy., Iványi, J. L., Tóth, F. D., Kiss, J., Konja, J., Petković, I., Kardum, I., Kaštelan, M., Kelečić, J., Feminić, R., Djermanović, M., Bilić, E., Jakovljević, G., Peter, B., Gredelj, G., Senji, P., Thalhammer, F., Floth, A., Etele-Hainz, A., Kainberger, F., Radaszkiewicz, T., Kierner, H., Mód, Anna, Pitlik, E., Gottesman, M., Magócsi, Mária, Sarkadi, B., Knapp, S., Purtscher, B., DelleKarth, G., Jaeger, U., Krieger, O., Berger, W., Elbling, L., Ludescher, C., Hilbe, W., Eisterer, W., Preuß, E., Izraeli, S., Janssen, J. W. G., Walther, J. U., Kovar, H., Ludwig, W. D., Rechavi, G., Bartram, C. R., Rehberger, A., Mittermayer, F., Schauer, E., Kokoschka, E. M., Kammerer, B., Kokron, E., Desser, L., Abdul-Hamid, G., Kroschinksky, F., Luther, Th., Fischer, H., Nowak, R., Wolf, H., Fleischer, J., Wichmann, G., Albercht, S., Adorf, D., Kaboth, W., Nerl, C., Aman, J., Rudolf, G., Peschel, C., Anders, O., Burstein, Ch., Ernst, B., Steiner, H., Konrad, H., Annaloro, U. P., Mozzana, C., Butti, R., Della, C., Volpe A., Soligo D., Uderzo M., Lambertenghi-Deliliers G., Ansari, H., Dickson, D., Hasford, J., Hehlmann, R., Anyanwu, E., Krysa, S., Bülzebrück, H., Vogt-Moykopf, I., Arning, M., Südhoff, Th., Kliche, K. O., Wehmeier, A., Schneider, W., Arnold, R., Bunjes, D., Hertenstein, B., Hueske, D., Stefanic, M., Theobald, M., Wiesneth, M., Heimpel, H., Waldmann, H., Arseniev, L., Bokemeyer, C., Andres, J., Könneke, A., Papageorgiou, E., Kleine, H. -D., Battmer, K., Südmeyer, I., Zaki, M., Schmoll, H. -J., Stangel, W., Poliwoda, H., Link, H., Aul, C., Runde, V., Heyll, A., Germing, U., Gattermann, N., Ebert, A., Feinendegen, L. E., Huhn, D., Bergmann, L., Dönner, H., Hartlapp, J. H., Kreiter, H., Schuhmacher, K., Schalk T., Sparwasser C., Peschel U., Fraaß C. Huber, HIadik, F., Kolbe, K., Irschick, E., Bajko, G., Wozny, T., Hansz, J., Bares, R., Buell, U., Baumann, I., Harms, H., Kuse, R., Wilms, K., Müller-Hermelink, H. K., Baurmann, H., Cherif, D., Berger, R., Becker, K., Zeller, W., Helmchen, U., Hossfeld, D. K., Bentrup, I., Plusczyk, T., Kemkes-Matthes, B., Matthes, K., Bentz, M., Speicher, M., Schröder, M., Moos, M., Döhner, H., Lichter, P., Stilgenbauer, S., Korfel, A., Harnoss, B. -M., Boese-Landgraf, J., May, E., Kreuser, E. -D., Thiel, E., Karacas, T., Jahn, B., Lautenschläger, G., Szepes, S., Fenchel, K., Mitrou, P. S., Hoelzer, D., Heil, G., Lengfelder, E., Puzicha, E., Martin, H., Beyer, J., Kleiner, S., Strohscheer, I., Schwerdtfeger, R., Schwella, N., Schmidt-Wolf, I., Siegert, W., Weyer, C., arzen, G., Risse, G., Miksits, K., Farshidfar, G., Birken, R., Schilling, C. v., Brugger, W., Holldack, J., Mertelsmann, R., Kanz, L., Blanz, J., Mewes, K., Ehninger, G., Zeller, K. -P., Böhme. A., Just G., Bergmann. L., Shah P., Hoelzer D., Stille W., Bohlen, H., Hopff, T., Kapp, U., Wolf, J., Engert, A., Diehl, V., Tesch, H., Schrader, A., van Rhee, J., Köhne-Wömpner, H., Bokemeyer', C., Gonnermann, D., Harstrick, A., Schöffski, P., van Rhee, J., Schuppert, F., Freund, M., Boos, J., Göring, M., Blaschke, G., Borstel, A., Franke, A., Hüller, G., Uhle, R., Weise, W., Brach, Marion A., Gruss, Hans-Jürgen, Herrmann, Friedhelm, deVos, Sven, Brennscheidt, Ulrich, Riedel, Detlev, Klch, Walter, Bonlfer, Renate, Mertelsmann, Roland, Brieaer, J., Appelhans, H., Brückner, S., Siemens, HJ., Wagner, T., Moecklin, W., Mertelsmann, R., Bertz, H., Hecht, T., Mertelsmann, R., Bühl, K., Eichelbaum, M. G., Ladda, E., Schumacher, K., Weimer, A., Bühling, F., Kunz, D., Lendeckel, U., Reinhold, D., Ulmer, A. J., Flad, H. -D., Ansorge, S., Bühring, Hans-Jörg, Broudy¶, Virginia C., Ashman§, Leonie K., Burk, M., Kunecke, H., Dumont, C., Meckenstock, G., Volmer, M., Bucher, M., Manegold, C., Krenpien, B., Fischer, J. R., Drings, P., Bückner, U., Donhuijsen-Ant, R., Eberhardt, B., Westerhausen, M., Busch, F. W., Jaschonek, K., Steinke, B., Calavrezos, A., Hausmann, K., Solbach, M., Woitowitz, H. -P., Hilierdal, G., Heilmann, H. -P., Chen, Z. J., Frickhofen, N., Ellbrück, D., Schwarz, T. F., Körner, K., Wiest, C., Kubanek, B., Seifried, E., Claudé, R., Brücher, J., Clemens, M. R., Bublitz, K., Bieger, O., Schmid, B., Clemetson, K. J., Clemm, Ch., Bamberg, M., Gerl, A., Weißbach, L., Danhauser-Riedl, S., Schick, H. D., Bender, R., Reuter, M., Dietzfelbinger, H., Rastetter, J., Hanauske, A. -R., Decker, Hans-Jochen, Klauck, Sabine, Seizinger, Bernd, Denfeld, Ralf, Pohl, Christoph, Renner, Christoph, Hombach, Andreas, Jung, Wolfram, Schwonzen, Martin, Pfreundschuh, Michael, Derigs, H. Günter, Boswell, H. Scott, Kühn, D., Zafferani, M., Ehrhardt, R., Fischer, K., Schmitt, M., Witt, B., Ho, A. D., Haas, R., Hunstein, W., Dölken, G., Finke, J., Lange, W., Held, M., Schalipp, E., Fauser, A. A., Mertelsmann, R., Donhuijsen, K., Nabavi, D., Leder, L. D., Haedicke, Ch., Freund, H., Hattenberger, S., Dreger, Peter, Grelle, Karen, Schmitz, Norbert, Suttorp, Meinolf, Müller-Ruchholtz, Wolfgang, Löffler, Helmut, Dumoulin, F. L., Jakschies, D., Walther, M., Hunger, P., Deicher, H., von Wussow, P., Dutcher, J. P., Ebell, W., Bender-Götze, C., Bettoni, C., Niethammer, D., Reiter, A., Sauter, S., Schrappe, M., Riehm, H., Niederle, N., Heidersdorf, H., Müller, M. R., Mengelkoch, B., Vanhoefer, U., Stahl, M., Budach, V., loehren, B., Alberti, W., Nowrousian, M. R., Seeber, S., Wilke, H., Stamatis, G., Greschuchna, D., Sack, H., Konietzko, N., Krause, B., Dopfer, R., Schmidt, H., Einsele, H., Müller, C. A., Goldmann, S. F., Grosse-Wilde, H., Waller, H. D., Libal, B., Hohaus, S., Gericke, G., von Eiff, M., Oehme, A., Roth, B., van de Loo, J., von Eiff, K., Pötter, R., Weiß, H., Suhr, B., Koch, P., Roos, H., van de Loo, J., Meuter, V., Heissig, B., Schick, F., Duda, S., Saal, J. G., Klein, R., Steidle, M., Eisner, S., Ganser, A., Seipelt, G., Leonhardt, M., Engelhard, M., Brittinger, G., Gerhartz, H., Meusers, P., Aydemir, Ü., Tintrup, W., Tiemann, H., Lennert, K., Esser, B., Hirsch, F. W., Evers, C., Riess, H., Lübbe, A., Greil, R., Köchling, A., Digel, D., Bross, K. J., Dölken, G., Mertelsmann, R., Gencic S., Ostermann, M., Baum, R. P., Fiebig, H. H., Berger, D. P., Dengler, W. A., Winterhalter, B. R., Hendriks, H., Schwartsmann, G., Pinedo, H. M., Ternes, P., Mertelsmann, R., Dölken, G., Fischbach, W., Zidianakis, Z., Lüke, G., Kirchner, Th., Mössner, J., Fischer, Thomas, Haque, Saikh J., Kumar, Aseem, Rutherford, Michael N., Williams, Bryan R. G., Flohr, T., Decker, T., Thews, A., Hild, F., Dohmen, M., von Wussow, P., Grote-Metke, A., Otremba, B., Fonatsch, C., Binder, T., Imhof, C., Feller, A. C., Fruehauf, S., Moehle, R., Hiddemann Th., Büchner M. Unterhalt, Wörmann, B., Ottmann, O. G., Verbeek, G. W., Seipelt A. Maurer, Geissler, G., Schardt, C., Reutzel, R., Hiddemann, W., Maurer, A., Hess, U., Lindemann, A., Frisch, J., Schulz, G., Mertelsmann, R., Hoelzer, P., Gassmann, W., Sperling, C., Uharek, L., Becher, R., Weh, H. J., Tirier, C., Hagemann, F. G., Fuhr, H. G., Wandt, H., Sauerland, M. C., Gause, A., Spickermann, D., Klein, S., Pfreund-schuh, M., Gebauer, W., Fallgren-Gebauer, E., Geissler, R. G., Mentzel, U., Kleiner, K., Rossol, R., Guba, P., Kojouharoff, G., Gerdau, St., Körholz, D., Klein-Vehne, A., Burdach, St., Gerdemann M., Maurer J., Gerhartz, H. H., Schmetzer, H., Mayer, P., Clemm, C., Hentrich, M., Hartenstein, R., Kohl, P., Gieseler, F., Boege, F., Enttmann, R., Meyer, P., Glass, B., Zeis, M., Loeffler, H., Mueller-Ruchholtz, W., Görg, C., Schwerk, W. B., Köppler, H., Havemann, K., Goldschmitt, J., Goldschmidt, H., Nicolai, M., Richter, Th., Blau, W., Hahn, U., Kappe, R., Leithäuser, F., Gottstein, Claudia, Schön, Gisela, Dünnebacke, Markus, Berthold, Frank, Gramatzki, M., Eger, G., Geiger, M., Burger, R., Zölch, A., Bair, H. J., Becker, W., Griesinger, F., Elfers, H., Griesser, H., Grundner-Culemann, E., Neubauer, V., Fricke, D., Shalitin, C., Benter, T., Mertelsmann, R., Dölken, Gottfried, Mertelsmann, Roland, Günther, W., Schunmm, M., Rieber, P., Thierfelder, S., Gunsilius, E., Kirstein, O., Bommer, M., Serve, H., Hülser, P. -J., Del Valle F., Fischer J. Th., Huberts H., Kaplan E., Haase, D., Halbmayer, W. -M., Feichtinger, Ch., Rubi, K., Fischer, M., Hallek, M., Lepislo, E. M., Griffin, J. D., Emst, T. J., Druker, B., Eder, M., Okuda, K., D.Griffin, J., Kozłowska-Skrzypczak, K., Meyer, B., Reile, D., Scharnofske, M., Hapke, G., Aulenbacher, P., Havemann, K., Becker, N., Scheller, S., Zugmaier, G., Pralle, H., Wahrendorf, J., Heide, Immo, Thiede, Christian, de Kant, Eric, Neubauer, Andreas, Herrmann, Richard, Rochlitz, Christoph, Heiden, B., Depenbrock, H., Block, T., Vogelsang, H., Schneider, P., Fellbaum, Ch., Heidtmann, H. -H., Blings, B., Havemann, K., Fackler-Schwalbe, E., Schlimok, G., Lösch, A., Queißer, W., Löffler, B., Kurrle, E., Chadid, L., Lindemann, A., Mertelsmann, R., Nicolay, U., Gaus, W., Heinemann, V., Jehn, U., Gleixner, B., Wachholz, W., Scholz, P., Plunkett, W., Heinze, B., Novotny, J., Hess, Georg, Gamm, Heinold, Seliger, Barbara, Heuft, H. G., Oettle, H., Zeiler, T., Eckstein, R., Heymanns, J., Havemann, K., Hladik, F., Hoang-Vu, C., Horn, R., Cetin, Y., Scheumann, G., Dralle, H., Köhrle, J., von zur Mühlen, A., Brabant, G., Hochhaus, A., Mende, S., Simon, M., Fonatsch, Ch., Heinze, B., Georgii, A., Hötzl, Ch., Hintermeier-Knabe, R., Kempeni, J., Kaul, M., Hoetzl, Ch., Clemm, Ch., Lauter, H., Hoffknecht, M. M., Eckardt, N., Hoffmann-Fezer, G., Gall, C., Kranz, B., Zengerle, U., Pfoersich, M., Birkenstock, U., Pittenann, E., Heinz, B., Hosten, N., Schörner, W., Kirsch, A., Neumann, K., Felix, R., Humpe, A., Kiss, T., Trümper, L. H., Messner, H. A., Hundt, M., Zielinska-Skowronek, M., Schubert, J., Schmidt, R. E., Huss, R., Storb, R., Deeg, H. J., Issels, R. D., Bosse, D., Abdel-Rahman, S., Jaeger, M., Söhngen, D., Weidmann, E., Schwulera, U., Jakab, I., Fodor, F., Pecze, K., Jaques, G., Schöneberger, H. -J., Wegmann, B., Grüber, A., Bust, K., Pflüger, K. -H., Havemann, K., Faul, C., Wannke, B., Scheurlen, M., Kirchner, M., Dahl, G., Schmits, R., Fohl, C., Kaiser, U., Tuohimaa, P., Wollmer, E., Aumüller, G., Havemann, K., Kolbabek, H., Schölten, C., Popov-Kraupp, B., Emminger, W., Hummel, M., Pawlita, M., v.Kalle, C., Dallenbach, F., Stein, H., Krueger, G. R. F., Müller-Lantzsch, N., Kath, R., Höffken, K., Horn, G., Brockmann, P., Keilholz, U., Stoelben, E., Scheibenbogen, C., Manasterski, M., Tilgen, W., Schlag, P., Görich, J., Kauffmann, G. W., Kempter, B., Rüth, S., Lohse, P., Khalil, R. M., Hültner, L., Mailhammer, R., Luz, A., Hasslinger, M. -A., Omran, S., Dörmer, P., Kienast, J., Kister, K. P., Seifarth, W., Klaassen, U., Werk, S., Reiter, W. W., Klein, G., Beck-Gessert, S., Timpl, R., Hinrichs, H., Lux, E., Döring, G., Scheinichen, D., Döring, G., Wernet, P., Vogeley, K. T., Richartz, G., Südhoff, T., Horstkotte, D., Klocker, J., Trotsenburg, M. v., Schumer, J., Kanatschnig, M., Henning, K., Knauf, W. U., Pottgießer, E., Raghavachar, A., Zeigmeister, B., Bollow, M., Schilling, A., König, H., Koch, M., Volkenandt, M., Seger, Andrea, Banerjee, D., Vogel, J., Bierhoff, E., Heidi, G., Neyses, L., Bertino, J., Kocki, J., Rozynkowa, D. M., M.Rupniewska, Z., Wojcierowski, J., König, V., Hopf, U., Koenigsmann, M., Streit, M., Koeppen, K. M., Martini, I., Poppy, U., Hardel, M., Havemann, K., Havemann, K., Clemm, Ch., Wendt, Th., Gauss, J., Kreienberg, R., Hohenfellner, R., Krieger, O., Istvan, L., Komarnicki, M., Kazmierczak, M., Haertle, D., Korossy, P., Haus, S. Kotlarek, Gabryś, K., Kuliszkiewicz-Janus, M., Krauter, J., Westphal, C., Werner, K., Lang, P., Preissner, K. T., Völler, H., Schröder, K., Uhrig, A., Behles, Ch., Seibt-Jung, H., Besserer, A., Kreutzmann, H., Kröning, H., Kähne, T., Eßbach, U., Kühne, W., Krüger, W. H., Krause, K., Nowicki, B., Stockschläder, M., Peters, S. O., Zander, A. R., Kurowski, V., Schüler, C., Höher, D., Montenarh, M., Lang, W., Schweiger, H., Dölken, Gottfried, Lege, H., Dölken, G., Wex, Th., Frank, K., Hastka, J., Bohrer, M., Leo, R., Peest, D., Tschechne, B., Atzpodien, J., Kirchner, H., Hein, R., Hoffmann, L., Stauch, M., Franks, C. R., Palmer, P. A., Licht, T., Mertelsmann, R., Liersch, T., Vehmeyer, K., Kaboth, U., Maschmeyer, G., Meyer, P., Helmerking, M., Schmitt, J., Adam, D., Prahst, A., Hübner, G., Meisner, M., Seifert, M., Richard, D., Yver, A., Spiekermann, K., Brinkmann, L., Battmer, K., Krainer, M., Löffel, J., Stahl, H., Wust, P., Lübbert, M., Schottelius, A., Mertelsmann, R., Henschler, R., Mertelsmann, R., Mapara, M. Y., Bargou, R., Zugck, C., Krammer, P. H., Dörken, B., Maschek, Hansjörg, Kaloutsi, Vassiliki, Maschek, Hansjörg, Gormitz, Ralf, Meyer, P., Kuntz, B. M. E., Mehl, B., Günther, I., Bülzebruck, H., Menssen, H. D., Mergenthaler, H. -G., Dörmer, P., Heusers, P., Zeller, K. -P., Enzinger, H. M., Neugebauer, T., Klippstein, T., Burkhardt, K. L., Putzicha, E., Möller, Peter, Henne, Christof, Eichelmann, Anette, Brüderlein, Silke, Dhein, Jens, Möstl, M., Krieger, O., Mucke, H., Schinkinger, M., Moiling, J., Daoud, A., Willgeroth, Ch., Mross K., Bewermeier P., Krüger W., Peters S., Berger C., Bohn, C., Edler, L., Jonat, W., Queisser, W., Heidemann, E., Goebel, M., Hamm, K., Markovic-Lipkovski, J., Bitzer, G., Müller, H., Oethinger, M., Grießhammer, M., Tuner, I., Musch E., Malek, M., Peter-Katalinic, J., Hügl, E., Helli, A., Slanicka, M., Filipowicz, A., Nissen, C., Speck, B., Nehls, M. C., Grass, H. -J., Dierbach, H., Mertelsmann, R., Thaller, J., Fiebeler, A., Schmidt, C. A., O'Bryan, J. P., Liu, E., Ritter, M., de Kant, E., Brendel, C., He, M., Dodge, R., George, S., Davey, F., Silver, R., Schiffer, C., Mayer, R., Ball, E., Bloomfield, C., Ramschak, H., Tiran, A., Truschnig-Wilders, M., Nizze, H., Bühring, U., Oelschlägel, U., Jermolow, M., Oertel, J., Weisbach, V., Zingsem, J., Wiens, M., Jessen, J., Osthoff, K., Timm, H., Wilborn, F., Bodak, K., Langmach, K., Bechstein, W., Blumhardt, G., Neuhaus, P., Olek, K., Ottinger, H., Kozole, G., Belka, C., Meusers, P., Hense, J., Papadileris, Stefan, Pasternak, G., Pasternak, L., Karsten, U., Pecherstorfer, M., Zimmer-Roth, I., Poloskey, A., Petrasch, S., Kühnemund, O., Uppenkamp, M., Lütticken, R., Kosco, M., Schmitz, J., Petrides, Petro E., Dittmann, Klaus H., Krieger, O., Pflueger, K. -H., Grueber, A., Schoeneberger, J., Wenzel, E., Havemann, K., Pies, A., Kneba, M., Edel, G., Pohl, S., Bulgay-Mörschel, M., Polzin, R., Issing, W., Clemm, Ch., Schorn, K., Ponta, H., Zöller, M., Hofmann, M., Arch, R., Heider, K. -H., Rudy, W., Tölg, C., Herrlich, P., Prümmer, O., Scherbaum, W. A., Porzsolt, F., Prümmer, O., Krüger, A., Schrezenmeier, H., Schlander, H., Pineo, G., Marin, P., Gluckman, E., Shahidi, N. T., Bacigalupo, A., Ratajczak, M. Z., Gewirtz, A. M., Ratei, R., Borner, K., Bank, U., Bühling, F., Reisbach, G., Bartke, L., Kempkes, B., Kostka, G., Ellwart, X., Birner, A., Bornkamm, G. W., Ullrich, A., Dörmer, P., Henze, G., Parwaresch, R., Müller-Weihrich, S. T., Klingebiel, Th., Odenwald, E., Brandhorst, D., Tsuruo, T., Wetter, O., Renner, C., Pohl, C., Sahin, U., Renner, U., Zeller, K. -P., Repp, R., Valerius, Th., Sendler, A., Kalden, J. R., PIatzer, E., Reuss-Borst, M. A., Bühring, H. J., Reuter, C., der Landwehr, II, U. Auf, der Landwehr, II, U. Auf, Schleyer, E., Rolf, C., Ridwelski, K., Matthias, M., Preiss, R., Riewald, M., Puzo, A., Serke, S., Rohrer, B., Pfeiffer, D., Hepp, H., Romanowski, R., Schött, C., Rüther, U., Rothe, B., Pöllmann, H., Nunnensiek, C., Schöllhammer, T., Ulshöfer, Th., Bader, H., Jipp, P., Müller, H. A. G., Rupp, W., Lüthgens, M., Eisenberger, F., Afflerbach, C., Höller, A., Schwamborn, J. S., Daus, H., Krämer, K., Pees, H., Salat, C., Reinhardt, B., Düll, T., Knabe, H., Hiller, E., Sawinski, K., Schalhorn, A., Kühl, M., Heil, K., Schardt, Ch., Drexler, H. G., Scharf, R. E., Suhijar, D., del Zoppo, G. J., Ruggeri, Z. M., Roll, T., Möhler, T., Giselinger, H., Knäbl, P., Kyrie, P. A., Lazcíka, K., Lechner, X., Scheulen, M. E., Beelen, D. W., Reithmayer, H., Daniels, R., Weiherich, A., Quabeck, K., Schaefer, U. W., Reinhardt J., Grimm M., Unterhalt M., Schliesser, G., Lohmeyer, J., Schlingheider, O., von Eiff, M., Schulze, F., Oehme, C., van de Loo, J., Schlögl E., Bemhart M., Schmeiser, Th., Rozdzinski, E., Kern, W., Reichle, A., Moritz, T., Merk, Bruno, Schmid, R. M., Perkins, N. D., Duckett, C. S., Leung, K., Nabel, G. J., Pawlaczyk-Peter, B., Kellermann-Kegreiß, Schmidt E., Steiert, I., Schmidt-Wolf, G., Schmidt-Wolf, I. G. H., Schlegel, P., Blume, K. G., Chao, N. J., Lefterova, P., Laser, J., Schmitz, G., Rothe, G., Schönfeld, S., Schulz, S., Nyce, J. W., Graf, N., Ludwig, R., Steinhauser, I., Brommer, A. E., Qui, H., Schroeder, M., Grote-Kiehn, J., Bückner, U., Rüger, I., Schröder, J., Meusers, P., Weimar, Ch., Schoch, C., Schröter, G., Stern, H., Buchwald, B., Schick, K., Avril, N., Flierdt, E. v. d., Langhammer, H. R., Pabst, H. W., Alvarado, M., Witte, T., Vogt, H., Schuler, U., Brammer, K., Klann, R. C., Schumm, M., Hahn, J., Günther, W., Wullich, B., Moringlane, J. R., Schöndorf, S., Schwartz, S., Bühring, H. -J., Notter, M., Böttcher, S., Martin, M., Schmid, H., Lübbe, A. S., Leib-Mösch C., Wankmüller, H., Eilbrück, D., Funke, I., Cardoso, M., Duranceyk, H., Seitz, R., Rappe, N., Kraus, H., Egbring, R., Haasberg, M., Havemann, K., Seibach, J., Wollscheid, Ursula, Serke, St., Zimmermann, R., Shirai, T., Umeda, M., Anno, S., Kosuge, T., Katoh, M., Moro, S., Su, C. -Y., Shikoshi, K., Arai, N., Schwieder, G., Silling-Engelhardt, G., Zühlsdorf, M., Aguion-Freire-Innig, E., van de Loo, J., Stockdreher, K., Gatsch, L., Tischler, H. -J., Ringe, B., Diedrich, H., Franzi, A., Kruse, E., Lück, R., Trenn, G., Sykora, J., Wen, T., Fung-Leung, W. P., Mak, T. W., Brady, G., Loke, S., Cossman, J., Gascoyne, R., Mak, T., Urasinski, I., Zdziarska, B., Usnarska-Zubkiewicz, L., Kotlarek-Haus, S., Sciborskl, R., Nowosad, H., Kummer, G., Schleucher, N., Preusser, P., Niebel, W., Achterrath, W., Pott, D., Eigler, F. -W., Venook, A., Stagg, R., Frye, J., Gordon, R., Ring, E., Verschuer, U. v., Baur, F., Heit, W., Corrons, J. L. L. Vives, Vogel, M., Nekarda, H., Remy, W., Bissery, M. C., Aapro, M., Buchwald-Pospiech, A., Kaltwasser, J. P., Jacobi, V., de Vos, Sven, Asano, Yoshinobu, Voss, Harald, Knuth, Alexander, Wiedemann, G., Komischke, B., Horisberger, R., Wussow, P. v., Wanders, L., Senekowitsch, R., Strohmeyer, S., Emmerich, B., Selbach, J., Gutensohn, K., Wacker-Backhaus, G., Winkeimann, M., Send, W., Rösche, J., Weide, R., Parviz, B., Havemann, K., Weidmann, B., Henss, H., Engelhardt, R., Bernards, P., Zeidler, D., Jägerbauer, E., Colajori, E., Kerpel-Fronius, S., Weiss, A., Buchheidt, D., Döring, A., D.Saeger, H., Weissbach, L., Emmler, J., Wermes, R., Meusers, P., Flasshove, M., Skorzec, M., Käding, J., Platow, S., Winkler, Ute, Thorpe, Philip, Winter, S. F., Minna, J. D., Nestor, P. J., Johnson, B. E., Gazdar, A. F., Havemann, K., Carbone, D. P., Wit, M. de, Bittner, S., Hossfeld, D., Wittmann, G., Borchelt, M., Steinhagen-Thiessen, E., Koch, K., Brosch, T., Haas, N., Wölfel, C., Knuth, A., Wölfel, T., Safford, M., Könemann, S., Zurlutter, K., Schreiber, K., Piechotka, K., Drescher, M., Toepker, S., Terstappen, L. W. M. M., Bullerdiek, J., Jox, A., zur Hausen, H., Wolters, B., Stenzinger, W., Woźny, T., Sawiński, K., Kozłowska-Skrzypczak, M., Wussow, P. v., Hochhaus, T., Ansarl, H., Prümmer, O., Zapf, H., Thorban, S., Präuer, H., Zeller, W., Stieglitz, J. v., Dürken, M., Greenshaw, C., Kabisch, H., Reuther, C., Knabbe, C., Lippman, M., Havemann, K., Wellstein, A., Degos, L., Castaigne, S., Fenaux, P., Chomienne, C., Raza, A., Preisler, H. D., PEG Interventional Antimicrobial Strategy Study Group, Interventional Antimicrobial Strategy Study Group of the Paul Ehrlich Society (PEG), and H. Riehm for the BFM study group

Published
1992
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Synthesis and optical characterization of Gd-neso-borate single crystals

Author

Reuther, C., Möckel, R., Götze, J., Hengst, M., Heide, G., Reuther, C., Möckel, R., Götze, J., Hengst, M., and Heide, G.

Abstract

Single crystals of Ca4GdO[BO3]3 and Sr3Gd2[BO3]4 were synthesized using the Czochralski method, both in different crystallographic directions. Best result were obtained for View the MathML source010 orientated seeds and growth rates of 1 mmh−1. The morphology of the as-grown crystals reflects the symmetry and for Ca4GdO[BO3]3-crystals a typical rhombohedral and for Sr3Gd2[BO3]4-crystals almost circular cross section are formed. UV–VIS and IR measurements show a wide range of transmission of light. Between 350–1100 and 1600–2500 nm no absorption was observed. Below 350 nm the crystals show distinct absorption peaks caused by electron transitions of Gd. In the IR region most vibration modes can be assigned to [BO3]3−-groups and Gd/Ca-O or Gd/Sr-O-polyhedra.

Published
2015

12. Pesticides in groundwater: occurrence and ecological impacts

Author

Notenboom J, Verschoor A, Linden A van der, Plassche E van de, Reuther C, ECO, LBG, and CSR

Subjects
modelling, monitoring, pesticiden, grondwater, groundwater, modellenonderzoek, pesticides, effects, effecten, ecosystemen, ecosystems, ecotoxicological risk assessment
Abstract

Ecotoxicologische risicobeoordeling is een uitgangspunt in de normstelling en wordt in deze verkennende studie toegepast op gewasbeschermingsmiddelen in grondwater. Daartoe zijn naast elkaar verschillende benaderingen gehanteerd voor het afleiden van ecotoxicologisch kritische concentraties voor het grondwater. Vervolgens zijn deze vergeleken met de huidige EU-normen voor bestrijdingsmiddelen in grondwater en met kritisch geevalueerde gemeten concentraties. Daarnaast zijn voor aldicarb, atrazine en MITC de resultaten van geografische modelering ecotoxicologisch geevalueerd. De studie heeft vooral betrekking op Nederland maar zijdelings is het probleem geplaatst in Europese context. Veel van de gerapporteerde bestrijdingsmiddelen concentraties in grondwater zijn onderling gecorreleerd. Daarom verdient het aanbeveling om beoordeling van de mate van grondwaterverontreiniging door bestrijdingsmiddelen te baseren op het aantal verschillende locaties waar deze middelen zijn aangetroffen. In ondiep Nederlands grondwater blijken aldicarb, 1,3-dichloorpropeen, 1,2-dichloorpropaan, dinoseb, dinoterb, ethoprofos en MITC ecotoxicologisch de meest gevaarlijke. Van de in monitoring programma's aangetroffen middelen zijn voor aldicarb en aldicarbsulfoxide, dinoseb, dinoterb, ethoprofos, heptachloor, MITC, parathion-ethyl en pirimicarb ecotoxicologisch kritische concentraties afgeleid die lager liggen dan de huidige norm van 0,1 ug/l. Indien ecotoxicologisch risico grenzen voor grondwater gewenst zijn dan is het raadzaam deze af te leiden van standaard aquatische toxiciteitsgegevens en in de extrapolatie rekening te houden met de ecologische eigenschappen van het grondwatersysteem. Het ontwikkelen van toxiciteitstesten met specifieke grondwater organismen als basis voor de risicobeoordeling van stoffen voor grondwater ecosystemen lijkt geen haalbare benadering.

Published
2012

13. Maximum Permissible Concentrations and Negligible Concentrations for aniline derivatives

Author

Reuther C, Crommentuijn T, Plassche EJ van de, and CSR

Subjects
nitroaniline, vr, risiconiveaus, mac, milieu, maximaal toelaatbaar risiconiveau, mtr, nitroanilines, anilines, chloroanilines, negligible concentrations, methylaniline, maximum permissible concentrations, mpc, methylanilines, verwaarloosbaar risiconiveau, chlooraniline, nc, risks, environment, risico
Abstract

In dit rapport zijn Maximaal Toelaatbare Risiconiveaus (MTR's) en Verwaarloosbare Risicioniveaus (VR's) voor chloor-, nitro- en methylgesubstitueerde anilines afgeleid. De keuze van stoffen is vooral gebaseerd op hun voorkomen in het Nederlandse milieu. Anilines zijn de afgelopen tien jaar regelmatig aangetoond in zoete oppervlaktewateren. Er is geprobeerd zo veel mogelijk 'groep MTR's' af te leiden. Dit betekent dat een waarde kan worden toegepast voor een groep van isomeren. Dit is gedaan door de toxiciteitsdata van een groep van isomeren te combineren en vervolgens een extrapolatie-methode toe te passen. Hiervoor is aangenomen dat de isomeren hetzelfde werkingsmechanisme bezitten en dat de effecten additief zijn, in het geval een organisme tegelijkertijd is blootgesteld aan meer dan een isomeer. Een groep-MTR kan worden toegepast op de som van de isomeren binnen een groep waarvoor een MTR is afgeleid. In het geval meerdere isomeren tegelijkertijd zijn aangetoond in water, kan de som van de concentraties worden gerelateerd aan de groep-MTR voor deze groep van stoffen. De MTR's en VR's zijn vergeleken met recent gemeten concentraties van het Rijksinstituut voor Integraal Zoetwaterbeheer en Afvalwaterbehandeling (RIZA) en de Samenwerkende Rijn- en Maaswaterleidingsbedijven (RIWA). Slechts een fractie van de behandelde stoffen wordt regelmatig gemeten dan wel aangetoond. Recent gemeten concentraties in 1995-96 in Nederlandse oppervlaktewateren blijken de in dit rapport afgeleide MTR's niet te overschrijden. Data over gehaltes van anilines in bodem en sediment zijn niet beschikbaar.

Published
2012

16. Empirische Feldstudien über elektromagnetische Emissionen in Gesteinen unter aktiven Krustenspannungen

Author

Reuther, C.-D. and Moser, Elmar

Abstract

In den vergangenen Jahren wurden von den Mitgliedern unseres Departments mehrere Feldstudien über elektromagnetische Emissionen in tektonisch aktiven Regionen durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungsgebiete lagen in Südspanien, Sizilien, Malta, Eger-Graben/Tschechische Republik und die Provence/Frankreich als auch in Süd-Chile. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchungen war die Erfassung der größten horizontalen Spannungs-Richtung in der oberen Erdkruste. Dazu wurden die Intensität des elektromagnetischen Feldes in Bezug zu der Orientierung einer Richtantenne gemessen. Diese Ergebnisse wurden mit aktiven Stress-Richtungen verglichen die aus Doorstopper-Messungen, Bohrloch- Randausbrüchen, Herdflächenlösungen und neotektonischen Strukturanalysen gewonnen wurden. Die Richtungen der größten Horizontalspannungen stimmen sehr gut mit der Orientierung der maximalen elektromagnetischen Emission überein., conference

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Erkundung von Erdfallstrukturen in der Metropolregion Hamburg und Lüneburg mit dem Georadar (Ground Penetrating Radar)

Author

Buurman, Nils and Reuther, C.-D.

Abstract

Der oberflächennahe geologische Untergrund Norddeutschlands wird durch das Auftreten zahlreicher Salzvorkommen geprägt. Während der Triaszeit und des unteren Juras herrschte ein EW gerichtetes, extensives tektonisches Regime vor. Durch zusätzliche Umlagerung klastischer Sedimente wurden darunter liegende Salzmassen permischen Alters (Zechstein) aus Tiefen von bis zu 5000Metern an die Erdoberfläche empor gepresst. Durch diesen Salzaufstieg wurden darüber liegende mesozoische Schichten durchschlagen, randlich der Salzdiapire deformiert und teilweise mitgeschleppt. Eine letzte Phase salztektonischer Aktivitäten während der oberen Kreide und des unteren Tertiärs zeichnet sich zum einen durch weiteren Salzaufstieg aus und zum anderen durch horizontale Einengung der Salzstöcke. Begleitgesteine der Salze, wie Gips, Anhydrit, und Karst, sowie Tertiäre und Quartäre Ablagerungen überlagern die Salzstöcke mit unterschiedlichen Mächtigkeiten. Das humide Klima Norddeutschlands begünstigt natürliche Auslaugungsprozesse (Subrosion) der Evaporite durch Grundwasser. Je nach Tiefenlage des Salzspiegels (Salzstock Lüneburg: −20 bis −40 m; Salzstock Othmarschen-Langenfelde (Hamburg): ca 0 bis −250 m) kann es zu intensiver Hohlraumbildung im tieferen Untergrund kommen. Die fortschreitende Vergrößerung einer solchen Höhle steht in Abhängigkeit zur Intensität der Lösungsprozesse, während die Stabilität des Hohlraumes zusätzlich von der Materialbeschaffenheit abhängt. So können feste Gesteine oder bindige Böden zwar ein stabiles Höhlendach bilden, jedoch ist bei andauernden Lösungsprozessen langfristig ein statisches Versagen des Höhlendaches unvermeidlich. Der damit verbundene Kollaps und die Verfüllung des Hohlraumes mit Sediment spiegelt sich häufig in Form von sub-zirkularen und konischen Einsturzröhren oder weitläufigen morphologischen Trichtern an der Erdoberfläche wieder. Die Terminologie der Erdfälle wird anhand der Subsidenzrate gewählt..., conference

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. REECOB: 20 Years of Rare Earth Element Calcium Oxoborates Crystal Growth Research

Author

Möckel, R., Reuther, C., Götze, J., Möckel, R., Reuther, C., and Götze, J.

Abstract

Rare earth element calcium oxoborates (REECOB, REECa4O[BO3]3) represent a group of materials for non-linear optics and with useful piezoelectric properties under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions making it applicable as sensor materials in extreme environments. High-quality crystals with appropriate size are generally grown from a melt by the Czochralski method. This article presents a compilation and comparison of crystal growth parameters and properties of members of the REECOB group from the literature with those of own growth experiments. Recent studies provided new data concerning the melting temperature of REECOB members, such as ca. 1475°C for SmCa4O(BO3)3 (SmCOB). In addition, first data on the change of thermal expansion coefficients of SmCOB are presented and discussed.

Published
2013

32. Pesticides in groundwater: occurrence and ecological impacts

Author

ECO, LBG, CSR, Notenboom J, Verschoor A, van der Linden A, van der Plassche E, Reuther C, ECO, LBG, CSR, Notenboom J, Verschoor A, van der Linden A, van der Plassche E, and Reuther C

Abstract

RIVM rapport:Ecotoxicologische risicobeoordeling is een uitgangspunt in de normstelling en wordt in deze verkennende studie toegepast op gewasbeschermingsmiddelen in grondwater. Daartoe zijn naast elkaar verschillende benaderingen gehanteerd voor het afleiden van ecotoxicologisch kritische concentraties voor het grondwater. Vervolgens zijn deze vergeleken met de huidige EU-normen voor bestrijdingsmiddelen in grondwater en met kritisch geevalueerde gemeten concentraties. Daarnaast zijn voor aldicarb, atrazine en MITC de resultaten van geografische modelering ecotoxicologisch geevalueerd. De studie heeft vooral betrekking op Nederland maar zijdelings is het probleem geplaatst in Europese context. Veel van de gerapporteerde bestrijdingsmiddelen concentraties in grondwater zijn onderling gecorreleerd. Daarom verdient het aanbeveling om beoordeling van de mate van grondwaterverontreiniging door bestrijdingsmiddelen te baseren op het aantal verschillende locaties waar deze middelen zijn aangetroffen. In ondiep Nederlands grondwater blijken aldicarb, 1,3-dichloorpropeen, 1,2-dichloorpropaan, dinoseb, dinoterb, ethoprofos en MITC ecotoxicologisch de meest gevaarlijke. Van de in monitoring programma's aangetroffen middelen zijn voor aldicarb en aldicarbsulfoxide, dinoseb, dinoterb, ethoprofos, heptachloor, MITC, parathion-ethyl en pirimicarb ecotoxicologisch kritische concentraties afgeleid die lager liggen dan de huidige norm van 0,1 ug/l. Indien ecotoxicologisch risico grenzen voor grondwater gewenst zijn dan is het raadzaam deze af te leiden van standaard aquatische toxiciteitsgegevens en in de extrapolatie rekening te houden met de ecologische eigenschappen van het grondwatersysteem. Het ontwikkelen van toxiciteitstesten met specifieke grondwater organismen als basis voor de risicobeoordeling van stoffen voor grondwater ecosystemen lijkt geen haalbare benadering., The ecotoxicological risk concept is considered to be the basis for setting environmental quality objectives for pesticides in groundwater. Ecotoxicological critical concentrations for groundwater can be derived through several exploratory approaches. These approaches will be subsequently compared (focusing mainly on the Netherlands but bringing the European Union standard for pesticides in groundwater into the relevant context ) with critically reviewed groundwater monitoring data. Furthermore, aldicarb, atrazine and MITC results of geographic modelling are ecotoxicologically evaluated. The study focuses mainly on the Netherlands but the European context is not forgotten. Many reported groundwater monitoring data are strongly correlated. Therefore the assessment of the extent of groundwater contamination should be based on the number of localities where pesticides have been detected. Shallow Dutch groundwater monitoring data reveal that aldicarb, 1,3-dichloropropene, 1,2-dichloropropane, dinoseb, dinoterb, ethoprophos and MITC are ecotoxicologically the most hazardous pesticides. Of the pesticides found in monitoring programs critical levels are lower than 0.1 4g/l for aldicarb and aldicarb sulfoxide, dinoseb, dinoterb, ethoprophos, heptachlor, MITC, parathion ethyl and pirimicarb. If ecotoxicological risk levels for groundwater are desired they should be derived from standard aquatic toxicity data, and the ecological characteristics of the system should be taken into account in the extrapolation. It was not found meaningful to develop ecotoxicity tests based on specific groundwater organisms.

Published
1999

33. Strike-slip generated rifting and recent tectonic stresses on the African foreland (Central Mediterranean region)

Author

Reuther, C. D.

Abstract

On the southern foreland of the Central Mediterranean Afro-European zone of convergence strike-slip processes induced the formation of the Pantelleria Rift between Sicily end Tunisia (Streit of Sicily). The complex rift system is about 380 km long and 100 km wide and consists of pull-apart basins linked by east trending dextral and north-northwest trending sinistral transfer faults. The pull-aparts merge into composite pull-apart grabens and transfer basins displaying a general NE-SW orientation of minimum stress G3 (horizontal). The evolution of the neotectonic fault pattern on the African foreland is partly controlled by older structures. The present maximum horizontal stress was determined in-situ in Malta and southern Sicily and trends parallel to the NW-SE oriented main grabens of Pantelleria, Linosa and Malta. Structural analysis on the Maltese and Pelagian islands demonstrates that the active tectonic stress field has been initiated during the Late Miocene (Messinian).

Published
1990

34. Maximum Permissible Concentrations and Negligible Concentrations for aniline derivatives

Author

CSR, Reuther C, Crommentuijn T, Plassche EJ van de, CSR, Reuther C, Crommentuijn T, and Plassche EJ van de

Abstract

RIVM rapport:This report documents Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPCs) and Negligible Concentrations (NCs) for chloro- (CAs), nitro- (NAs) and methylsubstituted anilines (MAs). Aniline derivatives have frequently been measured in Dutch surface waters during the last decade. In principle, MPCs are derived for the anilines measured in the environment. An attempt has been made to derive 'group MPCs' as much as possible. Group MPCs refers to MPCs which are derived for selected groups of isomers by combining all available toxicity data on a class of isomers and subsequently applying an extrapolation method. Here, it is assumed that isomers have the same mode of action and that the effects are considered additive when an organism is exposed simultaneously to more than one isomer. The MPC derived in this way can be subsequently used for the sum of the individual compounds included in a group concentration. The MPCs and NCs derived and documented in the report were compared to actual concentrations in Dutch surface waters using recent data from the Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment (RIZA) and the Association of Rhine and Meuse Water Supply Companies (RIWA). Only a fraction of the compounds considered were found to be regularly detected and measured in surface waters, and none of the actual concentrations measured during 1995/96 exceed the derived MPCwaters. Data on soil and sediment concentrations were not available., In dit rapport zijn Maximaal Toelaatbare Risiconiveaus (MTR's) en Verwaarloosbare Risicioniveaus (VR's) voor chloor-, nitro- en methylgesubstitueerde anilines afgeleid. De keuze van stoffen is vooral gebaseerd op hun voorkomen in het Nederlandse milieu. Anilines zijn de afgelopen tien jaar regelmatig aangetoond in zoete oppervlaktewateren. Er is geprobeerd zo veel mogelijk 'groep MTR's' af te leiden. Dit betekent dat een waarde kan worden toegepast voor een groep van isomeren. Dit is gedaan door de toxiciteitsdata van een groep van isomeren te combineren en vervolgens een extrapolatie-methode toe te passen. Hiervoor is aangenomen dat de isomeren hetzelfde werkingsmechanisme bezitten en dat de effecten additief zijn, in het geval een organisme tegelijkertijd is blootgesteld aan meer dan een isomeer. Een groep-MTR kan worden toegepast op de som van de isomeren binnen een groep waarvoor een MTR is afgeleid. In het geval meerdere isomeren tegelijkertijd zijn aangetoond in water, kan de som van de concentraties worden gerelateerd aan de groep-MTR voor deze groep van stoffen. De MTR's en VR's zijn vergeleken met recent gemeten concentraties van het Rijksinstituut voor Integraal Zoetwaterbeheer en Afvalwaterbehandeling (RIZA) en de Samenwerkende Rijn- en Maaswaterleidingsbedijven (RIWA). Slechts een fractie van de behandelde stoffen wordt regelmatig gemeten dan wel aangetoond. Recent gemeten concentraties in 1995-96 in Nederlandse oppervlaktewateren blijken de in dit rapport afgeleide MTR's niet te overschrijden. Data over gehaltes van anilines in bodem en sediment zijn niet beschikbaar.

Published
1998

42. Solvent extraction of cottonseed and peanut oils. VIII. Effects of moisture on the preparation and flaking of cottonseed.

Author

Reuther, C., Westbrook, R., Hoffman, Wade, Vix, H., and Gastrock, E.

Abstract

The results indicate that 9 to 10% moisture in the meats is the best level for the preparation of cottonseed into flakes for solvent extraction. At lower moisture the flakes contain more fines before and after agitation in solvent, and the percolation rate of solvent through a flake bed is lower because of reduced particle size. At higher moisture the amount of oil in the hulls from the beater is greater. Also the flakes produce more fines, and the percolation rate becomes slower because of the softness and pliability of the flaked meat. It is likely that in commercial continuous operations this packing or balling up tendency of the flaked meats may lead to periodic channeling or plugging in the extractor, dryer, conveyors, and filters. These conclusions have been applied in the continuous pilot plant solvent extraction of three lots of prime cottonseed. The results substantiate the findings herein and will be reported in a separate publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1951
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Pilot-plant fractionation of cottonseed. III. Process development of differential settling.

Author

Spadaro, J., Persell, R., Reuther, C., Vix, H., Laborde, E., Latham, J., Jaeger, R., Pollard, E., and Gastrock, E.

Abstract

Chemical engineering data are presented to show the pilotplant process development of cottonseed fractionation employing the differential settling principle. The purpose of the process is to produce a cottonseed meal fraction essentially free of pigment glands and hulls, and a second fraction in which the pigment glands are concentrated sufficiently to serve as a raw material if pharmaceutical or other industrial use is developed for the glands or the pigments. The non-lipids fraction will make available a meal of high nutritive value and a source of industrial protein. Unit operations involved, including machinery and other equipment required, and proposed flow diagrams for commercial application are discussed. In brief the unit operations are as follows: material preparation; disintegration for proper size reduction of cottonseed flakes (either defatted or undefatted) in solvent slurries; separation by tank differential settling or by centrifugal differential settling at 62 times gravity; meal recovery to recover separated fractions by either centrifuging at 1450 times gravity or by pressure filtration; desolventization of solvent-damp meal; and oil and solvent recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1950
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Pilot-plant application of filtration-extraction to rice bran.

Author

Graci, A., Reuther, C., Eaves, P., Molaison, L., and Spadaro, J.

Abstract

The pilot-plant application to rice bran of a recently developed method of solvent extraction, called filtration-extraction, has been described. The process consists simply of mildly cooking the rice bran, cooling to about 130° F., slurrying the cooked bran with a miscella filtrate, filtering the slurry and countercurrently washing the cake three times on a continuous, rotary, vacuum filter, followed by conventional recovery of oil and meal products. The advantageous effects of cooking under the conditions described in the paper are reflected in the shorter filtration cycle time, better extractability, and virtual elimination of the fines problem. For example, tests showed that uncooked bran required filtration cycle times of more than 30 minutes compared to 30 to 60 seconds for cooked bran. This development makes available to the industry a feasible continuous solvent-extraction process for rice bran. Feasibility of the process is due primarily to the practical elimination of the inherently serious fines problem and to other advantages of the process, such as the possibility of attaining high capacities for small units; lower solvent content of extracted cake and of final miscella, which should decrease recovery costs; lower solvent requirements; and extraction to a residual lipides of 1 to 1.5%. Because of the reduced equipment size and simplicity of the process, it should prove economically feasible for the small and medium-sized plant, where heretofore a solvent-extraction plant required the processing of relatively large quantities of material daily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1953
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Solvent extraction of cottonseed and peanut oils. IX. Determination of fines in miscella.

Author

Graci, A., Crovetto, A., Parker, J., and Reuther, C.

Abstract

Four oil-yielding materials, cottonseed, peanuts, okraseed, and rice bran, were used to develop a rapid method of determining the solids content of miscellas. In each case straight-line plots of the gravimetric determination vs. the volumetric determination were obtained when samples were diluted to fall within the proper range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1952
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. FILTRATION-EXTRACTION OF COTTONSEED

Author

D'Aquin, E. L., primary, Vix, H. L. E., additional, Spadaro, J. J., additional, Graci, A. V., additional, Eaves, P. H., additional, Reuther, C. G., additional, Molaison, L. J., additional, McCourtney, E. J., additional, Crovetto, A. J., additional, Gastrock, E. A., additional, and Knoepfler, N. B., additional

Published
1953
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Soil gas 222Rn concentration in northern Germany and its relationship with geological subsurface structures

Author

Künze, N., Koroleva, M., and Reuther, C.-D.

Subjects
*SOIL air, *RADON isotopes, *SALT tectonics, *SOIL sampling, *MORAINES, *ROCKS
Abstract

Abstract: 222Rn in soil gas activity was measured across the margins of two active salt diapirs in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, in order to reveal the impact of halokinetic processes on the soil gas signal. Soil gas and soil sampling were carried out in springtime and summer 2011. The occurrence of elevated 222Rn in soil gas concentrations in Schleswig-Holstein has been ascribed to radionuclide rich moraine boulder material deposits, but the contribution of subsurface structures has not been investigated so far. Reference samples were taken from a region known for its granitic moraine boulder deposits, resulting in 222Rn in soil gas activity of 40 kBq/m3. The values resulting from profile sampling across salt dome margins are of the order of twice the moraine boulder material reference values and exceed 100 kBq/m3. The zones of elevated concentrations are consistent throughout time despite variations in magnitude. One soil gas profile recorded in this work expands parallel to a seismic profile and reveals multiple zones of elevated 222Rn activities above a rising salt intrusion. The physical and chemical properties of salt have an impact on the processes influencing gas migration and surface near radionuclide accumulations. The rise of salt supports the breakup of rock components thus leading to enhanced emanation. This work provides a first approach regarding the halokinetic contribution to the 222Rn in soil gas occurrence and a possible theoretical model which summarizes the relevant processes was developed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. 222Rn activity in soil gas across selected fault segments in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain

Author

Künze, N., Koroleva, M., and Reuther, C.-D.

Subjects
*SOIL air, *GEOLOGICAL formations, *GEOLOGICAL mapping, *EARTHQUAKE zones
Abstract

Abstract: 222Rn activity in soil gas was measured across fault segments of the seismic active Ventaniella Fault and the seismic inactive Sabero-Gordón Fault in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain, in order to investigate the variability of the 222Rn concentration. The sampling took place in summer and autumn 2010. During the autumn measurement program, an additional 222Rn soil gas mapping was carried out in the Sabero-Gordón research area. Zones of elevated 222Rn activity in the soil gas were identified by background 222Rn values of the geological formations used for mapping and local background values from 222Rn values outside the elevated 222Rn activity zones. Unexpectedly, the Sabero-Gordón Fault showed higher 222Rn activity, up to 441kBqm−3, compared to the 222Rn activity of the Ventaniella Fault which had a maximum of 106kBqm−3. Comparison of the results shows that the values measured in summer are about 5 times higher than the autumn values. This difference is not reflected in petrophysical soil parameters or meteorological conditions documented during the field measurements. Based on the results of our work we conclude that the magnitude of 222Rn concentration in soil gas is not an indicator of local seismic activity of the investigated faults. For the studied segment of the aseismic Sabero-Gordón Fault we suggest active genesis of pathways for gas migration driven by aseismic fault slip causing the elevated 222Rn activity in soil gas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results