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Reuscher, Michael G., Fiege, Dieter (2016): Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from cold seeps off Pakistan and hydrothermal vents off Taiwan, with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 197-208, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.4

Glyphanostomum bilabiatum sp. nov. (Figs 4 A���F; 7B) Specimens examined. Holotype: SMF 24137, Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Vent Field, high CO2 seepage site, Okinawa Trough, 24��50.777���N 122��42.039���E, 1365 m, SO 196, Station 49, TV-MUC, 17 March 2008 (cs). Paratype: SMF 24138, Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Vent Field, low CO2 seepage site, Okinawa Trough, 24��50.775���N 122��42.049���E, 1385 m, SO 196, Station 39, TV-MUC, 14 March 2008 (1 cs). Description. Length 1.8 mm, width 0.38 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision from surrounding lobe, without glandular ridges or eyes. Only tips of buccal tentacles visible. Segment II forming one continuous prominent ventral and ventrolateral lappet (Fig. 4 A). Three pairs of slender, cirriform branchiae, arranged in one transverse row in segment III, not separated by median gap; innermost branchia of right group missing; second outermost branchiae of transverse row originating from segment II, outermost branchiae of transverse row originating from segment III, innermost branchiae of transverse row originating from segment IV (Fig. 7 B). Segment II without chaetae. Notopodia with capillary chaetae from segment III, present in 14 chaetigers; first pair of notopodia much smaller than in following chaetigers; notopodia of thoracic unciniger 8 slightly elevated and connected by prominent dorsal glandular ridge (Fig. 4 B); ventral papilla in notopodia of thoracic unciniger 8, absent in other notopodia; capillary chaetae of elevated notopodia broken and indeterminable. Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 11 thoracic uncinigers; tori without cirri. Continuous ventral shields conspicuous to thoracic unciniger 9. Two intermediate uncinigers (Fig. 4 C). Nine abdominal uncinigers without rudimentary notopodia. Pinnules without dorsal cirrus. Each pair of pinnules connected by dorsal glandular stripe (Fig. 4 C, D). Pygidium with terminal anus and one pair of short, stout, ventrolateral anal cirri (Fig. 4 D). Uncini in thoracic and intermediate uncinigers with 7���8 teeth in 2 vertical rows over rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 4 E). Uncini in abdominal uncinigers with 10 teeth in 3 vertical rows over rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 4 F). Remarks. In the paratype specimen the two branchial groups are separated by a small median gap of about half the branchial width and the capillary chaetae of the elevated notopodia are not modified. The paratype specimen is 5.5 mm long and 0.6 mm wide. Glyphanostomum bilabiatum sp. nov. is unique within the genus because of the modified and elevated notopodia, connected by a dorsal ridge in thoracic unciniger 8. Lateral lappets in segment II have also been described in the congeneric species G. moreirai Aguirrezabalaga & Parapar, 2014 and G. hesslei Reuscher, Fiege & Imajima, 2015. However, in these species the lappets were relatively small and restricted to the sides of segment II. In the new species there is one continuous lappet that stretches from side to side, across the ventrum of segment II, reminiscent of lateral lappets in anterior segments of some terebellid genera. Ventrally the lappet looks like a second lower lip. The modified thoracic unciniger 8 is remarkably similar to the typical modification in the genera Anobothrus and Zatsepinia. The holotype was collected in the northern area of the Abyss vent. The area was characterized by high CO2 seepage. The sediment had a distinct H2S smell. At the collection site of the paratype gas bubbles were observed, even though it had a lower CO2 seepage rate (Rehder et al. 2008). Etymology. The species name refers to the ventral lappet in segment II, which looks like a second lower lip. Distribution. Exclusively known from the Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field in the Okinawa Trough off the northeastern coast of Taiwan., Published as part of Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2016, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from cold seeps off Pakistan and hydrothermal vents off Taiwan, with the description of three new species, pp. 197-208 in Zootaxa 4139 (2) on pages 202-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262112, {"references":["Aguirrezabalaga, F. & Parapar, J. (2014) Deep-sea Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from Capbreton Canyon (north-east Atlantic) with the description of a new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 94, 947 - 967. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315413001422","Reuscher, M., Fiege, D. & Imajima, M. (2015) Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part IV. Miscellaneous genera. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (6), 1105 - 1125. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315415000545","Rehder, G., Schneider von Deimling, J. & cruise participants (2008) RV Sonne Cruise Report SO 196, SUMSUN 2008, Suva - Guam - Okinawa Trough - Manila, February 19 - March 26, 2008. Leibniz Institut fur Ostseeforschung, Sektion Meereschemie, Warnemunde, 69 pp."]}

Anobothrus dayi Imajima, Reuscher & Fiege, 2013 (Fig 2 A, B) Specimens examined. SMF 24135, Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field, sampling site not affected by CO2 seepage, Okinawa Trough, 24��50.355���N 122��41.736���E, 1324 m, SO 196, Station 65, TV-MUC, 18 March 2008 (1 af). Description. Anterior fragment including ten thoracic uncinigers. Length 1.2 mm, width 0.35 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision from surrounding lobe, without glandular ridges or eyes. Buccal tentacles with ventral groove, smooth. Three pairs of cirriform branchiae in fused segments II + III, arranged in transverse row; groups of branchiae separated by wide median gap (Fig. 2 A); segmental origin of outermost and second outermost branchiae not determinable; branchiae of segment IV inserted in innermost position of transverse row. Chaetae in fused segments II + III longer and slightly thicker than following capillaries, pointing forwards. Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae from segment IV, present to end of fragment. Notopodia in thoracic unciniger 8 slightly elevated, connected by dorsal ridge (Fig. 2 A); notochaetae of thoracic unciniger 8 broken, shape indeterminable. Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present to end of fragment. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Circular glandular band absent. Continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 9. Intermediate and abdominal uncinigers missing. Nephridial papillae absent. Thoracic uncini with 9 teeth in 2 alternating rows above rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 2 B). Distribution. Anobothrus dayi has been found along the coast of Japan, in depths of 30���125 m (Imajima et al. 2013). The finding at the Yonaguni Knoll Hydrothermal Field is the species��� second record. It was found in an area that is not directly affected by the hydrothermal vent���s CO2 seepage. It is the deepest and southernmost record of the species., Published as part of Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2016, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from cold seeps off Pakistan and hydrothermal vents off Taiwan, with the description of three new species, pp. 197-208 in Zootaxa 4139 (2) on page 200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262112, {"references":["Imajima, M., Reuscher, M. G. & Fiege, D. (2013) Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia. Zootaxa, 3647 (1), 137 - 166. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.1.7"]}

Eclysippe yonaguniensis sp. nov. (Figs 3 A���C; 7A) Specimens examined. Holotype: SMF 24136, Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field, low CO2 seepage site, Okinawa Trough, 24��50.355���N 122��41.736���E, 1324 m, SO 196, Station 65, TV-MUC, 18 March 2008 (cs, broken into 3 pieces during examination). Description. Length 1.9 mm, width 0.16 mm. Prostomium triangular with conical front, without lobes, incisions, glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 3 A). Buccal tentacles smooth, with ventral groove (Fig. 3 B). Three pairs of smooth cirriform branchiae arranged in one transverse row in segment III, separated by median gap of about twice the branchial width; outermost and second outermost branchiae of right group missing; innermost branchiae short and digitiform, less than half as long as remaining branchiae (Fig. 3 A); second outermost branchiae of transverse row originating from segment II, outermost branchiae of transverse row originating from segment III, median branchiae originating from segment IV (Fig. 7 A). Segment II with enlarged chaetae, formed as paleae; three paleae in left group, four in right group (Fig. 3 B). Notopodia with capillary chaetae from segment III, present in 15 chaetigers; first two pairs of notopodia very small, gradually increasing in size to fourth pair, decreasing again from twelfth pair; notopodia without cirri (Fig. 3 A). Notochaetae of first two and last four thoracic uncinigers fewer in number, thinner and shorter than those in median thoracic notopodia. Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers; tori without cirri. Continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 8. Segment length gradually increasing between thoracic unciniger 7 and 9; each of thoracic uncinigers 9���12 about as long as first six thoracic uncinigers combined (Fig. 3 A). Two intermediate uncinigers (Fig. 3 C). Eight abdominal uncinigers without rudimentary notopodia. Pinnules without dorsal cirrus. Pygidium with terminal anus and two short stout ventrolateral anal cirri. Uncini in thoracic, intermediate and abdominal uncinigers with numerous teeth in two alternating rows over rostral tooth and basal prow. Remarks. Eclysippe yonaguniensis sp. nov. differs from E. trilobata by the possession of very short branchiae in the innermost position of the transverse row. In E. vanelli the innermost branchiae are unknown because they were missing in Fauvel���s (1936) and Eliason���s (1955) specimens. Eclysippe vanelli and E. trilobata were both described with modified notopodia in the last five thoracic uncinigers. In the new species the last five notopodia are slightly reduced in size, but their shape is not different. Furthermore, both E. trilobata and E. vanelli have much smaller gaps between branchial groups and a higher count of paleae (around 10). Eclysippe vanelli was described with 12 (Eliason 1955), E. trilobata with 12���14 (Hilbig 2000) abdominal uncinigers. Because the number of intermediate uncinigers (sensu Imajima et al. 2012), i.e., segments that have neuropodia of the thoracic type but lack notopodia, is constant within a genus, we assume that the first two uncinigers that were included in the counts of abdominal uncinigers of these species are actually intermediate uncinigers. Therefore, the adjusted counts of abdominal uncinigers in E. vanelli, E. trilobata, are assumed to be 10 and 10���12, respectively, whereas Eclysippe yonaguniensis sp. nov. has only 8 abdominal uncinigers. Distribution. Exclusively known from the Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field in the Okinawa Trough off the northeastern coast of Taiwan., Published as part of Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2016, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from cold seeps off Pakistan and hydrothermal vents off Taiwan, with the description of three new species, pp. 197-208 in Zootaxa 4139 (2) on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262112, {"references":["Eliason, A. (1955) Neue oder wenig bekannte schwedische Ampharetiden (Polychaeta). GOteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, 6 (16), 1 - 17.","Hilbig, B. (2000) Family Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1866. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. & Scott, P. V. (Eds.), Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. The Annelida Part 4. Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae to Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, pp. 169 - 230.","Imajima, M., Reuscher, M. G. & Fiege, D. (2012) Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part I: The genus Ampharete Malmgren, 1866, along with a discussion of several taxonomic characters of the family and the introduction of a new identification tool. Zootaxa, 3490, 75 - 88."]}

Glyphanostomum Levinsen, 1884 Type species: Samytha pallescens Th��el, 1879 Generic diagnosis (emended). Prostomium without glandular ridges. Buccal tentacles smooth. Three pairs of cirriform branchiae. Segment II without chaetae. Thorax with 14 chaetigers and 11 uncinigers. Modified thoracic unciniger 8 with elevated notopodia and dorsal glandular ridge absent or present. Two intermediate uncinigers. Abdominal rudimentary notopodia absent. Remarks. The generic diagnosis had to be emended to accommodate the newly described species, which has a modified segment in the posterior thorax, reminiscent of the modification in the genera Anobothrus and Zatsepinia Jirkov, 1986. We decided against the erection of a new genus because all morphological characters, with the exception of the modified segment, agree with the generic diagnosis of Glyphanostomum. In contrast, Anobothrus, which is distinguished by a similar modification from Ampharete has additional morphological differences, most notably smooth, rather than pinnate, buccal tentacles., Published as part of Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2016, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from cold seeps off Pakistan and hydrothermal vents off Taiwan, with the description of three new species, pp. 197-208 in Zootaxa 4139 (2) on page 202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262112, {"references":["Levinsen, G. M. R. (1884) Systematisk-geografisk Oversigt over de nordiske Annulata, Gephyrea, Chaetognathi og Balanoglossi. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i KjObenhavn, 1883, 92 - 350.","Theel, H. J. (1879) Les Annelides Polychetes des mers de la Nouvelle-Zemble. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 16 (3), 1 - 75.","Jirkov, I. A. (1986) [Zatsepinia rittichae gen. et sp. n. (Polychaeta, Ampharetidae) from the Norwegian and Barents Seas]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 65 (2), 289 - 290. [in Russian]"]}

Amage Malmgren, 1866 Type species: Amage auricula Malmgren, 1866 Paramage Caullery, 1944 Egamella Fauchald, 1972 Mexamage Fauchald, 1972 Generic diagnosis. Prostomium with middle lobe surrounded by inflated lobe, lacking glandular ridges. Buccal tentacles smooth. Two to four pairs of cirriform branchiae. Segment II usually without chaetae, or exceptionally with minute chaetae. Thorax with 11���14 uncinigers. Modified or intermediate segments absent. Abdomen with rudimentary notopodia. Remarks. With the description of new Amage species with unusual features (Sch��ller & Jirkov 2013; Reuscher et al. 2015) and the proposed synonymy of Amage with other genera (Jirkov 2011), the generic diagnosis has become quite inclusive. A revision of Amage is urgently needed to determine if this is justified, or if the genus needs to be split., Published as part of Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2016, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from cold seeps off Pakistan and hydrothermal vents off Taiwan, with the description of three new species, pp. 197-208 in Zootaxa 4139 (2) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262112, {"references":["Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens FOrhandlingar, 5, 355 - 410.","Caullery, M. (1944) Polychetes sedentaires de l'expedition du Siboga. Ariciidae, Spionidae, Chaetopteridae, Chlorhaemidae, Opheliidae, Oweniidae, Sabellariidae, Sternaspidae, Amphictenidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae. Siboga-Expeditie. Utkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch Gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 aan Boord H. M. Siboga onder Commando van Luitenant ter zee 1. kl. G. F. Tydeman, 24 (2), 1 - 204.","Fauchald, K. (1972) Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water off western Mexico and adjacent areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 7, 1 - 575.","Schuller, M. & Jirkov, I. A. (2013) New Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from the deep Southern Ocean and shallow Patagonian waters. Zootaxa, 3692 (1), 204 - 237. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3692.1.11","Reuscher, M., Fiege, D. & Imajima, M. (2015) Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part IV. Miscellaneous genera. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (6), 1105 - 1125. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315415000545","Jirkov, I. A. (2011) Discussion of taxonomic characters and classification of Ampharetidae (Polychaeta). Italian Journal of Zoology, 78, 78 - 94. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2011.617216"]}

Pavelius makranensis sp. nov. (Figs 5 A���D; 6A���E; 7C) Specimens examined. Holotype: SMF 24139, Flare 2 cold seep, Makran accretionary prism, continental margin of Pakistan, 24��50.753���N 63��01.439���E, 1025 m, M 74/3, ROV Dive 181, push core, 6 November 2007 (cs, male). Paratype: SMF 24140, same station data as holotype (1 cs, female). Paratype: SMF 24141, same station data as holotype (1 cs, female). Paratypes: SMF 24142, Flare 2 cold seep, Makran accretionary prism, continental margin of Pakistan, 24��50.829���N 63��01.419���E, 1038 m, M 74/3, ROV Dive 180, sampling net, 5 November 2007 (1 cs, male). Paratypes: SMF 24143, Flare 2 cold seep, Makran accretionary prism, continental margin of Pakistan, 24��50.829���N 63��01.419���E, 1038 m, M 74/3, ROV Dive 180, sampling net, 5 November 2007 (4 cs, 3 af, 4 females, 3 males, plus 3cs used for SEM, stub-nos. 1199���1201). Additional material examined. SMF 24144, Flare 2 cold seep, Makran accretionary prism, continental margin of Pakistan, 24��50.829���N 63��01.419���E, 1038 m, M 74/3, ROV Dive 180, sampling net, 5 November 2007 (2af, 1 female, 1 male). Another specimen from the same station was used for DNA analysis. Description. Length 11.7 mm, width 1.6 mm. Prostomium with lateral incisions delimiting middle section, not reaching anterior end; prostomial glandular ridges absent; paired lateral dark pigment stripes in prostomium (Fig. 5 A). Buccal tentacles smooth. Four pairs of smooth cirriform branchiae arranged in one transverse row in segment III, not separated by median gap; branchiae with very densely arranged thick branchiophores, tapering distally; second outermost branchiae of transverse row originating from segment II, outermost branchiae of transverse row originating from segment III, innermost branchiae of transverse row originating from segment IV, second innermost branchiae of transverse row originating from segment V (Fig. 7 C). Segment II with small chaetae, resembling capillary notochaetae of following segments; chaetae of segment II emerging from notopodia like humps, located more ventrally than notopodia (Fig. 5 A). Notopodia with capillary chaetae (Fig. 6 A) from segment III, present in 15 chaetigers; first pair of notopodia smaller than following ones; first three pairs of notopodia slightly elevated dorsally above following notopodia; notopodia without cirri. Large nephridial papillae above notopodia of first unciniger (Figs. 5 A, 6B). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers; tori without cirri. Continuous ventral shields conspicuous to thoracic unciniger 10, faint in thoracic unciniger 11. Two intermediate uncinigers (Fig. 5 B). Sixteen abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia present as small papillae in intermediate uncinigers and first abdominal unciniger (Fig. 5 B), absent in remaining abdominal uncinigers. Pinnules without dorsal cirrus (Fig. 5 C). Pygidium with terminal anus but without anal cirri. Thoracic uncini with unpaired tooth on top and paired median teeth over rostral tooth and basal prow, framed by small lateral teeth (Fig. 6 C, D). Abdominal uncini with about seven teeth over rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 6 E). Tube made of dark grey clay. Remarks. The large nephridial papillae are presumably only present in male specimens. They were lacking in every specimen that contained eggs and vice versa. The prostomial dark pigment stripes in the holotype and several paratype specimens probably belong to nuchal organs. In some paratype specimens the area behind the lateral incisions of the prostomium lacked the dark pigment. Instead, they appeared to be brightly colored nuchal organs (Fig. 5 D). About half of the complete paratype specimens had ventrolateral papillae in their pygidia, while the other half and the holotype did not. It seems that Pavelius makranensis sp. nov. can contract the pygidium and withdraw the anal papillae. The only congener Pavelius uschakovi Kuznetsov & Levenstein, 1988 has 21 abdominal uncinigers (assuming that the first two of the 23 abdominal segments mentioned in the original description are actually intermediate uncinigers), five more than in the new species. P. makranensis sp. nov. has notopodial rudiments in the intermediate uncinigers and the first abdominal unciniger, whereas they are lacking in P. uschakovi. Finally, the abdominal uncini of P. uschakovi were described with five teeth. The new species has abdominal uncini with seven teeth. The type specimen of P. uschakovi was not available for examination because it is lost (Budaeva, pers. comm.). The new species had been tentatively identified as Pavelius uschakovi in an ecological study of the Makran accretionary prism (Fischer et al. 2011). They noted that the species dominated a transitional area between a central microbial mat and a peripheral vesicomyid clam bed. The only other described congener P. uschakovi has been recorded from the Paramushir gas hydrate seep in the Sea of Okhotsk and from gas hydrates on the Cascadia margin (Sahling et al. 2002). A presumably undescribed species was recorded from the coast off Natuna Island in the China Sea (Al-Hakim & Glasby 2004). No mention of gas hydrate seeps was made in the latter case. Unfortunately, DNA sequencing for three genes, i.e. COI, 16S rDNA and 18s rDNA, did not yield contiguous sequences. Possible explanations might be insufficient fixation or subsequent storage of samples under ambient conditions. Etymology. The new species is named after its sampling location, the Makran accretionary prism. Distribution. Exclusively known from cold seeps of the Makran accretionary prism off the coast of Pakistan., Published as part of Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2016, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from cold seeps off Pakistan and hydrothermal vents off Taiwan, with the description of three new species, pp. 197-208 in Zootaxa 4139 (2) on pages 204-206, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262112, {"references":["Kuznetsov, A. P. & Levenstein, R. Y. (1988) [Pavelius uschakovi gen. et sp. n. (Polychaeta, Ampharetidae) from Paramushir Gas Hydrate Spring in the Okhotsk Sea]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 67 (6), 819 - 825. [in Russian]","Fischer, D., Sahling, H., Nothen, K., Bohrmann, G., Zabel, M. & Kasten, S. (2011) Interaction between hydrocarbon seepage, chemosynthetic communities and bottom water redox at cold seeps of the Makran accretionary prism: insights from habitatspecific pore water sampling and modeling. Biogeosciences Discussions, 8, 9763 - 9811. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5194 / bgd- 8 - 9763 - 2011","Sahling, H., Rickert, D., Lee, R. W., Linke, P. & Suess, E. (2002) Macrofaunal community structure and sulfide flux at gas hydrate deposits from the Cascadia convergent margin, NE Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 231, 121 - 138. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 231121","Al-Hakim, I. & Glasby, C. J. (2004) Polychaeta (Annelida) of the Natuna Islands, South China Sea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement, 11, 25 - 45."]}

Anobothrus Levinsen, 1884 Type species: Ampharete gracilis Malmgren, 1866 Sosanides Hartmann-Schr��der, 1965 Anobothrella Hartman, 1967 Melythasides Desbruy��res, 1978 Generic diagnosis. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision from surrounding lobe, without glandular ridges. Buccal tentacles smooth or papillose. Three to four pairs of cirriform branchiae, all arising from fused segments II+III. Notochaetae originating from segment II, if present, varying in size from regular notochaetae size to strongly enlarged. Eleven or twelve thoracic uncinigers. One anterior unciniger may have a circular glandular band. Fourth-, fifth-, or sixth-to-last thoracic unciniger with one or more modifications: elevated notopodia, glandular ridge between notopodia, modified notochaetae. Two intermediate segments. Abdominal rudimentary notopodia absent., Published as part of Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2016, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from cold seeps off Pakistan and hydrothermal vents off Taiwan, with the description of three new species, pp. 197-208 in Zootaxa 4139 (2) on page 199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262112, {"references":["Levinsen, G. M. R. (1884) Systematisk-geografisk Oversigt over de nordiske Annulata, Gephyrea, Chaetognathi og Balanoglossi. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i KjObenhavn, 1883, 92 - 350.","Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens FOrhandlingar, 5, 355 - 410.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1965) Die Polychaeten des Sublitorals. In: Hartmann-Schroder, G. & Hartmann, G. (Eds.), Zur Kenntnis des Sublitorals der chilenischen Kuste unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. (Mit Bemerkungen uber den Einfluss sauerstoffarmer StrOmungen auf die Besiedlung von marinen Sedimenten). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut 62 (Erganzungsband), Hamburg, pp. 59 - 305.","Hartman, O. (1967) Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 2, 1 - 387.","Desbruyeres, D. (1978) Melythasides laubieri gen. sp. nov. Ampharetidae (Annelides Polychetes sedentaires) abyssal de la mer de Norvege. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 353 (514), 231 - 238."]}

Pavelius Kuznetsov & Levenstein, 1988 Type species: Pavelius uschakovi Kuznetsov & Levenstein, 1988 Generic diagnosis (emended). Prostomium without lobes or glandular ridges. Buccal tentacles smooth. Four pairs of branchiae. Notochaetae in segment II present, followed by fifteen thoracic chaetigers. Twelve thoracic uncinigers. Two intermediate uncinigers. Males with one pair of nephridial papillae above notopodia of first thoracic unciniger. Remarks. The generic diagnosis was emended to accommodate our findings in the newly described species. The genus was described lacking notopodial rudiments, which we found in the intermediate uncinigers and first abdominal unciniger. The large nephridial papillae above the notopodia of the first thoracic unciniger only seem to occur in male specimens. We do not follow Jirkov (2001, 2011), who suggested to synonymize Pavelius with Phyllocomus Grube, 1878. Phyllocomus is characterized by strongly modified branchiae and a very large number of abdominal uncinigers.

Eclysippe Eliason, 1955 Type species: Lysippe vanelli Fauvel, 1936 Generic diagnosis. Prostomium without glandular ridges. Buccal tentacles smooth. Three pairs of cirriform branchiae. Notochaetae of segment II enlarged as paleae. Twelve thoracic uncinigers. Posterior thoracic uncinigers strongly elongated. Two intermediate uncinigers. Abdominal rudimentary notopodia absent. Remarks. Curiously, both valid species of the genus, Eclysippe vanelli (Fauvel, 1936) and E. trilobata (Hartman, 1969) were originally described with four pairs of branchiae. Eliason (1955) accredited Fauvel���s diagnosis to a misinterpretation of notopodia as bases of the fourth pair of broken branchiae and redescribed the species Lysippe vanelli in the new genus Eclysippe Eliason, 1955. This new diagnosis of E. vanelli has been widely accepted (e.g. Holthe 1986; Hilbig 2000). E. trilobata, described as Anobothrus by Hartman (1969), was redescribed with three pairs of branchiae by Williams (1987) upon examination of the type specimens and assigned to Eclysippe. Day (1973) argued that specimens of E. vanelli described by Eliason (1955) were different from specimens reported by Fauvel (1936) and subsequently described a new species, Samythella eliasoni Day, 1973 from North Carolina, which, according to Day, was identical to the Swedish E. vanelli specimens described by Eliason (1955). However, he assigned the species to Samythella because of the uncertainty in the number of branchiae in Eclysippe (see discussion above) and because it fit into the generic diagnosis of Samythella according to his opinion. We do not follow Day���s opinion because the latter genus lacks the elongation of posterior thoracic uncinigers that is characteristic for Eclysippe. Furthermore, Samythella has broad, foliaceus branchiae, whereas Eclysippe has thin cylindrical branchiae. In his description of S. eliasoni Day did not mention the elongation of posterior thoracic uncinigers, which is the most conspicuous character of Eclysippe. Therefore, the generic affiliation of S. eliasoni is uncertain. Day (1963) described another species, Samythella affinis Day, 1963 that bears some resemblance to Eclysippe, even though Day did not mention the elongated posterior thoracic uncinigers and acknowledged that the generic affiliation of this species was uncertain., Published as part of Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2016, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from cold seeps off Pakistan and hydrothermal vents off Taiwan, with the description of three new species, pp. 197-208 in Zootaxa 4139 (2) on pages 200-201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/262112, {"references":["Eliason, A. (1955) Neue oder wenig bekannte schwedische Ampharetiden (Polychaeta). GOteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, 6 (16), 1 - 17.","Fauvel, P. (1936) Contribution a la faune des annelides polychetes du Maroc. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 43, 1 - 143.","Hartman, O. (1969) Atlas of the sedentariate polychaetous annelids from California. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 812 pp.","Holthe, T. (1986) Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia, 7, 1 - 192.","Hilbig, B. (2000) Family Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1866. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. & Scott, P. V. (Eds.), Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. The Annelida Part 4. Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae to Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, pp. 169 - 230.","Williams, S. J. (1987) Taxonomic notes on some Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from Southern California. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 7, 251 - 258.","Day, J. H. (1973) New Polychaeta from Beaufort, with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina. NOAA Technical Reports, National Marine Fisheries Service, Circulars, 375, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62852","Day, J. H. (1963) The Polychaete fauna of South Africa. Part 8: New species and records from grab samples and dredgings. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 10 (7), 383 - 445."]}

Amage cf. ehlersi Reuscher, Fiege & Imajima, 2015 (Fig. 1 A–E) Specimens examined. SMF 24134, Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field, low CO2 seepage site, Okinawa Trough, 24°50.802’N 122°42.094’E, 1382 m, SO 196, Station 40, TV-MUC, 14 March 2008 (1 cs). Description. Length 3.5 mm, width 0.6 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe bearing anterolateral frontal horns (Fig. 1 A), delimited by incision from inflated surrounding lobe; prostomium without glandular ridges or eyes. Buccal tentacles smooth. Four pairs of cirriform branchiae in L-shaped arrangement in segments II–IV (Fig. 1 A), separated by wide median gap; innermost branchiae of anterior transverse row originating from segment II, outermost branchiae of anterior transverse row originating from segment III, median branchiae of longitudinal row originating from segment IV, posterior branchiae of longitudinal row originating from segment V. Segment II without chaetae. Notopodia with capillary chaetae from segment III, present in 14 chaetigers; anterior notopodia small, increasing in size from first to third pair; notopodial cirri absent (Fig. 1 A). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 11 thoracic uncinigers; tori without cirri. Continuous ventral shields conspicuous to thoracic unciniger 11, faint to abdominal unciniger 4. Elevated or modified notopodia absent. Intermediate uncinigers absent. Eleven abdominal uncinigers with large digitiform rudimentary notopodia (Fig. 1 A). Pinnules with tuberculate dorsal cirrus. Rudimentary notopodia and pinnules connected by glandular stripe. Pygidium with crenulated terminal anus and one pair of short and thick lateral anal cirri (Fig. 1 A). Thoracic uncini in lower torus with 4 teeth in 1 row over basal prow and rostral tooth (Fig. 1 B), thoracic uncini in upper torus with one or two additional small teeth on top (Fig. 1 C). Abdominal uncini with about 7 teeth in two staggered rows over basal prow and rostral tooth (Fig. 1 D, E). Remarks. The single specimen collected at the Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field has eleven abdominal uncinigers, whereas Amage ehlersi Reuscher, Fiege & Imajima, 2015 was described with only ten. Otherwise the specimen agrees well with the original description. Future sampling effort in the Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field may help to conclude, if this vent population belongs to Amage ehlersi, or if the description of a new species is warranted. Distribution. Amage ehlersi has been found along the coast of Japan, in depths of 30–590 m (Reuscher et al. 2015). The finding at the Yonaguni Knoll Hydrothermal Field is the species’ second record and the first one from the vicinity of a hydrothermal vent. It is also the deepest and southernmost record of the species.

Identification key for Amage species from Japanese waters 1. 11 or12thoracic uncinigers���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 ��� 14 thoracic uncinigers ������������������������������������������������������ Amage cf. adspersa (Grube, 1863) 2. 11 thoracic uncinigers���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 ��� 12 thoracic uncinigers���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 3. Anterior notopodia with notochaetae ���������������������������������������������������������������������������4 ��� Anterior notopodia lacking notochaetae ������������������������������������ Amage scutata Moore, 1923 4. Thoracic notopodia with ventral cirri ���������������������������������������������������������������������������5 ��� Thoracic notopodia lacking ventral cirri ������������ Amage ehlersi Reuscher, Fiege & Imajima, 2015 5. 8 abdominal uncinigers ��������������������������������������������������� Amage auricula Malmgren, 1866 ��� 12 abdominal uncinigers ��������������������������������������������������� Amage delus (Chamberlin, 1919) 6. 3 pairs of branchiae; anterior neuropodia conspicuously elongated; 13 abdominal uncinigers ������������������������������������������������������������ Amage longitorus Reuscher,Fiege&Imajima,2015 ��� 4 pairs of branchiae; anterior neuropodia not conspicuously elongated; 11 abdominal uncinigers ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Amage imajimai sp. nov., Published as part of Reuscher, Michael G., 2015, Amage imajimai sp. nov., a new species of Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japanese waters, pp. 1-7 in European Journal of Taxonomy 154 on page 5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2015.154, http://zenodo.org/record/3788000, {"references":["Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 5: 355 - 410."]}

Amage imajimai sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CCA76C94-C953-418D-AFC9-DDBBD7D99C6D Fig. 1 A���G Diagnosis Four pairs of branchiae. Twelve thoracic uncinigers. Notopodia without ventral cirri. Eleven abdominal uncinigers. Etymology The species is dedicated to the distinguished Japanese polychaete taxonomist Minoru Imajima. Specimens examined Holotype JAPAN: SMF 24087, Sagami Bay, 35��00.9��� N, 139��35.7��� E ��� 35��00.7��� N, 139��36.0��� E, 990���1060 m, KT-66-12, St. 7, Jul. 1966 (1 cs). Paratypes JAPAN: SMF 24086, same locality as holotype (3 cs); NSMT-Pol. P-600, same locality as holotype (3 cs, 1 af). Description Length of holotype 3.2 mm, width 0.4 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe bearing anterolateral frontal horns, delimited by incision from inflated surrounding lobe (Fig. 1A); prostomium without glandular ridges or eyes. Single tip of smooth buccal tentacle visible in buccal cavity. Four pairs of branchiae in L-shaped arrangement in segments II���IV (Fig. 1B), separated by wide median gap; all branchiae detached from specimen, cirriform, without conspicuous ciliation or annulations; innermost branchiae of anterior transverse row (1) originating from segment II, outermost branchiae of anterior transverse row (2) originating from segment III, median branchiae of longitudinal row (3) originating from segment IV, posterior branchiae of longitudinal row (4) originating from segment V (Fig. 1B). Segment II without chaetae. Notopodia with capillary chaetae from segment III, present in 15 chaetigers; first three notopodia in close succession due to shortness of segments and slightly elevated above following notopodia (Fig. 1C); first notopodia small, increasing in size from first to third pair; notopodial cirri absent. Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers; tori without cirri. Continuous ventral shields conspicuous from anterior thorax to thoracic unciniger 9. Modified notopodia or segments absent. Intermediate uncinigers absent. Eleven abdominal uncinigers with small tuberculate rudimentary notopodia. Pinnules with minute tuberculate dorsal cirrus. Rudimentary notopodia and pinnules connected by glandular fold. Pygidium with one pair of digitiform, ventrolateral anal cirri. Left anal cirrus broken off. Thoracic uncini with 7 teeth in 2 staggered row over basal prow and rostral tooth (Fig. 1 D���E). Abdominal uncini with numerous teeth in several rows over basal prow and rostral tooth. Tube parchment like with needle like spicules embedded. Remarks In four of the paratypes the buccal tentacles are better visible and clearly smooth. The tuberculate dorsal cirri of the abdominal pinnules are much better developed in the larger paratype specimens (Fig. 1F). The anal cirri are longer and cirriform in the larger paratypes (Fig. 1G). However, they also seem to break off easily as three of the six complete paratypes lack both anal cirri. The two other Amage species with twelve thoracic uncinigers are A. benhami Reuscher, Fiege & Wehe, 2009 from the northeast Pacific and the Ross Sea and A. longitorus Reuscher, Fiege & Imajima, 2015 from Japan. The latter species differs from A. imajimai sp. nov. by the possession of only three pairs of branchiae, the very long tori in the first two thoracic uncinigers and the larger number of abdominal uncinigers (13). A. benhami differs from the new species by the presence of club shaped notopodial cirri and the higher number of abdominal uncinigers (15���16). Among the other Japanese Amage species A. auricula, A. delus, A. ehlersi and A. scutata have 11 thoracic uncinigers, A. cf. adspersa has 14 thoracic uncinigers. A. cf. adspersa, A. auricula and A. delus differ from A. imajimai sp. nov. by the presence of notopodial cirri. A. scutata is unusual for the presence of rudimentary notopodia in the anterior segments. A. imajimai sp. nov. has a higher count of abdominal uncinigers (11) than A. auricula (8) and A. ehlersi (10) and a lower count than A. delus (12) and A. longitorus (13). Distribution Sagami Bay on the Southeastern Pacific coast of Honshu, in 990���1060 m., Published as part of Reuscher, Michael G., 2015, Amage imajimai sp. nov., a new species of Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japanese waters, pp. 1-7 in European Journal of Taxonomy 154 on pages 3-5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2015.154, http://zenodo.org/record/3788000

Sosane brevibranchiata sp. nov. (Figs. 7 A���J; 16 D) Specimens examined. Holotype: NSMT-Pol. H 564, Bungo Channel, 32 ��43.0'N, 132 �� 32.3 'E ��� 32 �� 42.9 ���N, 132 ��32.0'E, 84���99 m, KT 99 - 18, St. DG- 1, 12.1999, (1 cs). Paratype: NSMT-Pol P 565, Off Tsushima Island, 34 �� 15.1 'N, 130 ��15.0'E ��� 34 ��15.0'N, 130 �� 14.9 'E, 100 m, Soyo-maru, SO 08-D 5, 7.2008, (1 af). Description. Length 10 mm, width 1 mm. Prostomium without glandular ridges, with one pair of eyespots (Fig. 7 A). Buccal tentacles without groove, smooth. Lower lip slightly crenulated (Fig. 7 B). Four pairs of cirriform branchiae (Fig. 7 C); 3 pairs of branchiae in transverse row in segment II, 1 pair of branchiae in segment IV; branchial groups separated by wide median gap; branchiae of segment II in median position of transverse row, branchiae of segment III in outermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment IV in innermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment V emerging next to notopodia of segment IV (Fig. 16 D); branchiae of transverse row with ventral tufts of cilia, annulated (Fig. 7 D); posterior branchiae much shorter, without cilia. Chaetae in segment II of same length and thickness as following notochaetae (Fig. 7 B, C). Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae from segment III, present in 15 segments. Notopodia in third-to-last thoracic unciniger elevated, basally inflated, apically conical, not connected by dorsal ridge (Fig. 7 E, F); notochaetae of modified unciniger in fan-like arrangement on convex side of notopodia, with hirsute tips (Fig. 7 G). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 10. Two intermediate uncinigers. Ten abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules without cirri or papillae. Pygidium with terminal anus and one pair of short ventrolateral digitiform anal cirri (Fig. 7 H). Thoracic and abdominal uncini with crest of numerous teeth above rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 7 I, J). Remarks. Sosane brevibranchiata sp. nov. differs from the other species of Sosane sensu stricto, S. jirkovi, S. occidentalis, and S. sulcata, by the rudimentary 4 th pair of branchiae and the large gap between the groups of branchiae. The ventral tufts of cilia in the first 3 pairs of branchiae and their distinct annulation have also been observed in other species of the genus Sosane, i.e., Sosane uebelackerae sp. nov. (see below), and other genera, e.g., Anobothrus (see above). The ciliation is probably a juvenile character. Distribution. Bungo Channel between Kyushu and Shikoku, and off Tsushima Island in the Korea Strait, in 84��� 100m., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on pages 149-150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Sosane wireni (Hessle, 1917) (Figs. 12 A���G; 17 C) Specimens examined. Moroiso Bay, 35 ��09.4'N, 139 �� 36.8 'E, 30 m, St. 2, 3.1979 (1 cs). Off Shimoda, 34 �� 38.4 'N, 138 �� 56.3 'E ��� 34 �� 38.5 'N, 138 �� 56.5 'E, 37���39 m, St. 12, 9.1987 (1 cs). Kushimoto, 33 �� 27.2 'N, 135 �� 45.4 'E ��� 33 �� 27.2 'N, 135 �� 45.6 'E, 19���27 m, St. 14, 7.1978 (3 cs); 33 �� 29.1 'N, 135 ��51.0'E ��� 33 �� 29.2 'N, 135 �� 51.2 'E, 34 m, St. 9, 7.1978 (1 cs); 33 �� 27.4 'N, 135 �� 44.2 'E ��� 33 �� 27.3 'N, 135 ��44.0'E, 43���48 m, St. 15, 7.1978 (2 cs). Description. Length 5 to 8 mm, width 0.8 to 1 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 12 A, B). Buccal tentacles unknown. Lower lip not crenulated. Four pairs of cirriform branchiae (Fig. 12 A); 3 pairs of branchiae in triangular arrangement in segment II, and 1 pair in segment IV; branchial groups separated by median gap of more than one branchial width; branchiae of segment II inserted in anteromedian position of triangle, branchiae of segment III in outermost position of triangle, branchiae of segment IV in innermost position of triangle, branchiae of segment V emerging next to notopodia of segment IV (Fig. 17 C); branchiae in smallest specimen ciliated, without cilia in bigger specimens. Chaetae in segment II absent. Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae from segment III, present in 15 segments (Fig. 12 C). Notopodia in third-to-last thoracic unciniger elevated, basally inflated, apically bifid, not connected by dorsal ridge (Fig. 12 D, E); notochaetae of modified unciniger in fan-like arrangement on convex side of notopodia, with indistinctly hirsute tips (Fig. 12 F). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 8 or 9. Two intermediate uncinigers. Nine abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules without cirri or papillae. Pygidium with terminal anus and 1 pair of ventrolateral cirriform anal cirri. Thoracic and abdominal uncini with crest of numerous teeth above rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 12 G). Remarks. There are two different species, Sosane wireni (Hessle, 1917) (described as Sosanopsis wireni) and Sosane wireni Caullery, 1944. The synonymy of Sosane and Sosanopsis would leave S. wireni Caullery, 1944 as homonym of Hessle���s species. However, Caullery���s species description of S. wireni and S. fauveli Caullery, 1944 seem to be based on a misconception of the genus Sosane since both of Caullery���s species do not have the characteristically modified segment. We think that Caullery���s species may belong to Lysippe. A re-examination of Caullery���s material was not possible because collections were being moved between the natural history museums of Amsterdam and Leiden during the time of this study. Distribution. North Sea, Barents Sea, Laptev Sea (Holthe 1986 a, Hartmann-Schr��der 1996), New England (Hilbig 1994), California (Hilbig 2000). Newly recorded from Sagami Bay and Kushimoto, Pacific coast of Honshu, in 19��� 48 m., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on pages 156-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Zatsepinia Jirkov, 1986 Type species: Zatsepinia rittichae Jirkov, 1986 Generic diagnosis (emended). Prostomium simple, without glandular ridges. Buccal tentacles smooth. Two or three pairs of cirriform branchiae. Notochaetae in segments II and III absent. Ten thoracic uncinigers. Notopodial cirri absent. Second-to-last thoracic unciniger with elevated notopodia, connected by mid-dorsal ridge. Four intermediate segments. Abdominal rudimentary notopodia absent. Remarks. The generic diagnosis has been emended to account for the presence of 3 pairs of branchiae, found in Zatsepinia jirkovi sp. nov., and the number of intermediate uncinigers., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on page 160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Anobothrus dayi sp. nov. (Figs. 4 A���J; 16 A) Specimens examined. Holotype: NSMT-Pol. H 551, Yakiuchi Bay, Amami-Oshima Island, 28 �� 16.4 'N, 129 �� 16.5 'E ��� 28 �� 16.5 'N, 129 �� 16.6 'E, 47 ��� 45 m, St. 15, 7.1989. Paratype: NSMT-Pol. P 552, same locality as holotype (15 cs, 3 af). Paratypes: Yakiuchi Bay, NSMT-Pol. P 566, 28�� 16.6 'N, 129 �� 17.2 'E ��� 28 �� 16.6 'N, 129 �� 17.4 'E, 38 ��� 30 m, St. 16, 7.1989 (6 cs); NSMT-Pol. P 567, 28�� 16.1 'N, 129 �� 16.2 'E ��� 28 �� 16.1 'N, 129 �� 16.4 'E, 53 ��� 49 m, St. 14, 7.1989 (1 cs); SMF 21690, 28�� 16.4 'N, 129 �� 13.9 'E ��� 28 �� 16.4 'N, 129 �� 14.1 'E, 63���71 m, St. 11, 7.1989 (7 cs). Additional specimens: Off Shimoda, 34 ��41.0'N, 139 ��00.8'E ��� 34 �� 40.4 'N, 139 ��02.5'E, 106 ��� 97 m, St. 26, 11.1981 (1 af). Tosa Bay, 33 �� 26.7 'N, 133 �� 34.8 'E, 46 m, No. 2 - 2, 4.1970 (1 cs). West of Cape Ashizuri, 32 �� 44.3 'N, 132 �� 41.1 'E ��� 32 �� 44.4 'N, 132 �� 40.8 'E, 124���125 m, KT- 99 - 18, St. DG- 8, 12.1999 (8 cs). Description. Length 7 mm, width 0.6 mm. Prostomium with conical middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 4 A, B). Buccal tentacles with ventral groove, smooth. Three pairs of cirriform branchiae in fused segment II + III (Fig. 4 C), arranged in transverse row; groups of branchiae separated by wide median gap; segmental origin of outermost and median branchiae not determinable; branchiae of segment IV inserted in innermost position of transverse row (Fig. 16 A). Chaetae in fused segments II + III originating from segment II, longer and slightly thicker than following capillaries, pointing forwards (Fig. 4 B, C, D). Chaetae of segment III absent. Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae from segment IV, present in 14 segments. Notopodia in fifth-to-last thoracic unciniger elevated, connected by dorsal ridge (Fig. 4 E); notochaetae of modified notopodia with broad wings and hirsute tip (Fig. 4 F). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Circular glandular band absent. Continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 9. Two intermediate uncinigers. Ten abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules without cirri or papillae. Pygidium with terminal anus and one pair of ventrolateral cirriform anal cirri (Fig. 4 G). Nephridial papillae absent. Thoracic uncini with 11 teeth in 2 alternating rows above rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 4 H, I). Abdominal uncini with crest of numerous teeth above rostral tooth and basal prow. Remarks. No cilia are visible in the branchiae of the holotype and the larger paratypes. The smaller paratypes have branchiae with ventral tufts of cilia (Fig. 4 J). The smallest (non-type) specimens have branchiae without cilia. The development of a dorsal ridge between the elevated notopodia differs among specimens. Larger specimens usually have a more pronounced dorsal ridge. The only other species in the genus with 3 pairs of branchiae are Anobothrus laubieri (Desbruy��res, 1978) and Anobothrus flabelligerulus sp. nov. Anobothrus dayi sp. nov. differs from these species by the conical shape of the prostomium and the wide gap between the groups of branchiae. Further differences include the chaetae of segment II (paleae), which are much thinner than those of A. flabelligerulus sp. nov., and the notochaetae of segment III, which are absent in A. dayi sp. nov. and A. flabelligerulus sp. nov. but present in A. laubieri. Etymology. The species is named after John Hemsworth Day, in recognition of his extensive research on the taxonomy of ampharetid polychaetes. Distribution. Northwest Pacific, Japan, Sagami Bay and Tosa Bay, Pacific coast of Honshu, and Yakiuchi Bay, East China Sea coast of Amami-Oshima Island, in 30��� 125 m., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on pages 144-145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Sosane cf. cinctus (Hartman, 1965) (Fig. 8 A���C) Muggoides cinctus Hartman, 1965: 221 ���222, pl. 48, figs. c���e Mugga cinctus: Jirkov 1994 b: 35. Sosane cinctus: Jirkov 2001: 486; Jirkov 2008: 114, tab. 1 Specimens examined. North of Tokunoshima Island, 28 ��03.79'N, 128 �� 56.31 'E ��� 28 ��04.71'N, 128 �� 57.59 'E, 533��� 583 m, KH-05- 1, St.OT- 10, 5.2005 (1 cs). Additional material examined. Melinnata americana Hartman, 1965 Holotype: LACM-AHF POLY 246. North Atlantic, USA, New England continental slope, 36 �� 23 ��� 30 ���N, 68 ��04��� 30 ���W, 4850 m, anchor dredge, R/V Atlantis, Sta. KK 1, coll. Sanders, H., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 10 Aug. 1961. Paratype: LACM-AHF POLY 247. Collected at same station as holotype. Muggoides cinctus Hartman, 1965 Holotype: LACM-AHF POLY 242. North Atlantic, Bermuda, Bermuda slope, 32 �� 17 ���00���N, 64 �� 35 ���W, 1700 m, R/V Atlantis, Sta. Bermuda 4, 2 May 1960. Paratype: LACM-AHF POLY 243. Collected at same station as holotype. Description. Length 3.4 mm, width 0.4 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 8 A). Buccal tentacles unknown. Lower lip crenulated (Fig. 8 A). Branchiae lost; scars in segment II visible, but exact number and position of branchiae indeterminable. Fused segments II + III with 1 pair of thin capillary notochaetae, notopodia reduced (Fig. 8 A). Notopodia with capillary notochaetae from segment IV, first 2 pairs reduced in size. 14 thoracic chaetigers. Notopodia in last thoracic unciniger elevated, basally inflated, with terminal conical lobe, connected by dorsal ridge (Fig. 8 B); notochaetae of modified unciniger in fan-like arrangement on convex side of notopodia, with hirsute tips (Fig. 8 C). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 11 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Continuous ventral shields distinct to thoracic unciniger 8, faint to thoracic unciniger 11. Two intermediate uncinigers. Eight abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules without cirri or papillae. Pygidium with terminal anus and 1 pair of lateral blunt lobes. Thoracic and abdominal uncini with crest of numerous teeth above rostral tooth and basal prow. Remarks. During the examination of holo- and paratypes of Sosane cinctus (Hartman, 1965) we found that the species has 4, rather than 3 pairs of branchiae. The number of branchiae is, even with methyl green staining, indeterminable in specimens where branchiae are broken off, e.g. in the holotype. Several paratype specimens, however, have a complete set of 4 pairs of branchiae. Numbers of thoracic chaetigers and uncinigers are 14 and 11, respectively, which is in contrast to the 13 thoracic chaetigers and 10 thoracic uncinigers given in the original description. In our single specimen all branchiae are broken off. We were not able to determine the number of branchiae. All other characters, however, agree with those observed in S. cinctus. Distribution. The species has only been recorded from its type locality Bermuda. Records (as Muggoides) with uncertain species affiliation exist from Cape Hatteras off the coast of North Carolina as Muggoides nr. cinctus (Hilbig 1994) and from the Southern Ocean as Muggoides cf. cinctus (Sch��ller & Ebbe 2007) and Muggoides sp. 1 (Hilbig 2004; Brandt et al. 2007), respectively. Newly recorded from the East China Sea., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on pages 150-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Sosane trigintaduo sp. nov. (Figs. 10 A���H; 17 A) Specimens examined. Holotype: NSMT-Pol. H 564, Bungo Channel, 32 ��43.0'N, 132 �� 32.3 'E ��� 32 �� 42.9 ���N, 132 ��32.0'E, 84���99 m, KT 99 - 18, St. DG- 1, 12.1999, (1 cs). Paratype: NSMT-Pol P 565, Off Tsushima Island, 34 �� 15.1 'N, 130 ��15.0'E ��� 34 ��15.0'N, 130 �� 14.9 'E, 100 m, Soyo-maru, SO 08-D 5, 7.2008, (1 af). Description. Length 9 mm, width 1 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 10 A, B, C). Buccal tentacles without groove, smooth. Lower lip crenulated (Fig. 10 B). Four pairs of cirriform branchiae (Fig. 10 A); three pairs of branchiae in transverse row in segment II, 1 pair of branchiae in segment IV; branchial groups separated by wide median gap; branchiae of segment II in 2 nd outermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment III in outermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment IV in innermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment V emerging next to notopodia of segment IV (Fig. 17 A). Chaetae in segment II absent. Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae from segment III, present in 16 segments. Notopodia in fourth-to-last thoracic unciniger elevated, basally inflated, apically conical, not connected by dorsal ridge (Fig. 10 D, E); notochaetae of modified unciniger in fan-like arrangement on convex side of notopodia, with hirsute tips (Fig. 10 F). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 13 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Last segment of continuous ventral shields indeterminable. One intermediate unciniger. Eight abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules without cirri or papillae. Pygidium with terminal anus and one pair of short ventrolateral cirriform anal cirri (Fig. 10 G). Thoracic and abdominal uncini with crest of numerous teeth above rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 10 H). Remarks. Sosane trigintaduo sp. nov. is the first species of the genus with 13 thoracic uncinigers and the modification located in the fourth-to-last thoracic unciniger. We consider Sosane trigintaduo sp. nov. the possible link between the genus Lysippe and the remaining Sosane species, as discussed in the phylogenetic analysis. Etymology. The species name ��� trigintaduo ��� is Latin for thirty-two, which refers to the 32 notopodia (16 pairs)���a unique character state in the genus Sosane. Distribution. Sagami Bay, Pacific coast of central Honshu, in ca. 100 m., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on page 153, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Sosane uebelackerae sp. nov. (Figs. 11 A–I; 17 B) Genus A Uebelacker, 1984: 14–16, figs. 9, 10 Specimens examined. Holotype: NSMT-Pol. H 559, Sagami Bay, 35 °10.0'N, 139 ° 34.9 'E − 35 ° 10.3 'N, 139 ° 34.8 'E, 84 m, 9.1979. Paratype: NSMT-Pol P 560, 35°08.7'N, 139 ° 34.7 'E − 35 °08.5'N, 139 ° 34.6 'E, 86–89 m, Rinkai-maru, St. 1, 4.2002 (1 cs). Paratypes: Sagami Bay, SMF 21694, 35°07.5'N, 139 ° 34.6 'E − 35 °07.9'N, 139 ° 34.4 'E, 93−95 m, Rinkai-maru, St. 1, 6.2002 (4 cs, 1 af); NSMT-Pol. P 569, 35°07.9'N, 139 ° 33.7 'E − 35 °07.8'N, 139 ° 33.7 'E, 100−101 m, Rinkai-maru, St. 1, 1.2003 (1 cs); NSMT-Pol. P 570, 35°07.4'N, 139 ° 33.4 'E − 35 °07.4'N, 139 ° 33.4 'E, 177−200 m, Rinkai-maru, St. 2, 1.2003 (1 cs). Additional specimens: Sagami Bay, 35 °09.1'N, 139 ° 23.3 'E − 35 °09.1'N, 139 ° 23.9 'E, 478−490 m, KT- 76 - 3, St. BS 1 - 1, 2.1976 (3 cs). Kushimoto, 33 ° 27.7 'N, 135 ° 44.8 'E − 33 ° 27.5 'N, 135 ° 44.4 'E, 44 m, St. 5, 7.1978 (1 cs). West of Cape Ashizuri, 32 ° 44.3 'N, 132 ° 41.1 'E − 32 ° 44.4 'N, 132 ° 40.8 'E, 124−125 m, KT- 99 - 18, St. DG- 8, 12.1999 (1 cs). Additional material examined. Ampharetidae genus A 3 specimens: USNM 75265. Gulf of Mexico, USA, off Florida, 24 ° 47 ’ 11 ”N, 83 ° 13 ’08”W, 58 m, modified Reineck box core, Southwest Florida Shelf Ecosystem Study (SOFLA) station 28, November 1980. 1 specimen: USNM 91423. Gulf of Mexico, USA, off Texas, Hospital Rock, 27 ° 32 ’05”N, 96 ° 28 ’ 19 ”W, 75 m, modified Smith-McIntyre grab, South Texas Outer Continental Shelf Study (STOCS) station HR-1, 1976. Description. Length 21 mm, width 3 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 11 A). Buccal tentacles unknown. Lower lip crenulated (Fig. 11 A, B). Three pairs of cirriform branchiae in transverse row in segment II (Fig. 11 B, C); branchial groups separated by narrow median gap; branchiae of segment II in 2 nd outermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment III in outermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment IV in innermost position of transverse row (Fig. 17 B). Innermost and 2 nd outermost branchiae distinctly ciliated and annulated, outermost branchiae indistinctly annulated. Chaetae in segment II absent. Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae (Fig. 11 D) from segment III, present in 15 segments. Notopodia in second-to-last thoracic unciniger elevated, basally inflated, apically conical, connected by dorsal ridge (Fig. 11 E, F); notochaetae of modified unciniger in fan-like arrangement on convex side of notopodia, with hirsute tips (Fig. 11 G, H). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 8. 1 intermediate unciniger. Ten abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules without cirri or papillae. Pygidium with terminal anus and one pair of ventrolateral cirriform anal cirri. Thoracic and abdominal uncini with arc of 4 small teeth over arc of 3 large teeth above rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 11 I). Remarks. The tips of buccal tentacles are visible in one paratype. Besides the usual, smooth tentacles, some median ones are covered by papillae. Papillated tentacles have never been described in any of the Sosane species. The specimens from Japan do not differ morphologically from the Gulf of Mexico specimens described by Uebelacker (1984) as Genus A, which have since been referred to as Genus A sensu Uebelacker or Sosane sp. Uebelacker. The three smallest of the four examined specimens from the Gulf of Mexico have ventral tufts of cilia in their branchiae. This is the first species with the typical Sosane modification in the second-to-last thoracic unciniger. The only other species of the genus with only 3 pairs of branchiae, Sosane bathyalis and S. wahrbergi, have 9 thoracic uncinigers and the modified notopodia in the last thoracic unciniger. All other species with 12 thoracic uncinigers have 4 pairs of branchiae, 2 intermediate uncinigers, and the modified notopodia in the third-to-last thoracic unciniger. Etymology. The species is named after Joan Uebelacker, who was the first to find this species in the Gulf of Mexico but did not describe it according to the rules of the ICZN. Distribution. Continental shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico (Uebelacker 1984). Newly recorded from Sagami Bay and Kushimoto, Pacific coast of Honshu, and to the west off Cape Ashizuri, Pacific coast of southern Shikoku, in 44– 490 m. The new record from Japan is the first record from the Pacific. The unusual distribution may indicate that Sosane uebelackerae sp. nov. is an introduced species in either the Gulf of Mexico or Japan. Cryptic speciation cannot be excluded.

Anobothrus flabelligerulus sp. nov. (Figs. 6 A–H; 16 C) Specimens examined. Holotype: NSMT-Pol. H 555, off Emi, Boso Peninsula, 35 °01.0'N, 140 °04.6'E – 35 °01.3'N, 140 °05.1'E, 77–83 m, KT- 76 - 16, St. C- 2, 9.1976. Paratype: NSMT-Pol. P 556, same locality as holotype (9 cs). Paratypes: off Emi, Boso Peninsula, NSMT-Pol 568, 34° 51.5 'N, 139 °56.0'E, 95 m, KT- 76 - 16, St. C 6 - 1, 9.1976 (1 cs); SMF 21691, 35°01.1'N, 140 °04.4'E, 75 m, KT- 76 - 16, St. C 2-3, 9.1976 (5 cs, 13 af);. Additional specimens: Miyako Bay, 39 ° 37.4 'N, 141 ° 59.1 'E, 17 m, St. 6, 7.1967 (3 cs). Yamada Bay, 39 ° 28.9 'N, 142 °02.8'E, 53 m, St. 12, 7.1967 (1 cs, 2 af). Otsuchi Bay, 39 ° 21.2 'N, 141 ° 58.8 'E, 63 m, 10.1978 (2 cs); 39 ° 20.5 'N, 141 ° 57.2 'E – 39 ° 20.6 'N, 141 ° 57.4 'E, 43–45 m, 8.1979 (3 cs); 39 ° 21.9 'N, 141 ° 59.9 'E – 39 ° 21.6 'N, 141 ° 59.8 'E, 84–85 m, 7.1985 (8 cs); 39 ° 22.4 'N, 142 °02.0'E – 39 ° 22.6 'N, 142 °02.1'E, 113–120 m, 7.1985 (2 cs). Tokyo Bay, 35 °23.0'N, 139 °45.0'E, 20 m, KT- 73 - 6, St. TB- 5, 6.1973 (2 cs). Sagami Bay, 35 ° 14.2 'N, 139 ° 34.5 'E – 35 ° 14.6 'N, 139 ° 34.4 'E, 46 m, St. 14, 9.1979 (2 cs); 35 °08.6'N, 139 ° 34.9 'E – 35 °09.0'N, 139 ° 34.8 'E, 83 m, St. 4, 9.1979 (2 cs); 35 °08.5'N, 139 ° 34.7 'E – 35 °07.9'N, 139 ° 34.6 'E, 88–92 m, 10.1979 (1 cs); 35 ° 14.4 'N, 139 ° 28.7 'E – 35 ° 14.9 'N, 139 ° 27.4 'E, 110–140 m, KT- 70 – 4, St. Bt- 3, 5.1970 (2 cs, 1 af); 35 ° 12.2 'N, 139 ° 12.6 'E – 35 °12.0'N, 139 ° 12.9 'E, 825 m, KT- 70 - 4, St. Bt- 1, 5.1970 (2 cs); 35 °00.3'N, 139 ° 40.2 'E – 35 °00.2'N, 139 ° 40.5 'E, 300 – 274 m, Shin'yo-maru, St. 5, 10.2003 (2 cs). Off Shimoda, 34 ° 44.8 'N, 139 °02.0'E – 34 ° 44.9 'N, 139 °02.1'E, 87 - 81 m, St. 6, 10.1981 (2 cs). Suruga Bay, 35 °01.6'N, 138 ° 51.1 'E – 35 °02.5'N, 138 ° 50.6 'E, 88–99 m, KT- 73 - 15, St. A, 10.1973 (2 cs); 34 ° 55.1 'N, 138 ° 44.1 'E – 34 ° 54.2 'N, 138 ° 44.1 'E, 313 – 304 m, KT- 73 - 15, St. H, 10.1973 (3 cs); 34 ° 55.8 'N, 138 ° 43.8 'E – 34 ° 56.4 'N, 138 ° 43.8 'E, 365–380 m, KT- 76 - 3, St.003, 2.1976 (1 cs); 34 ° 54.4 'N, 138 ° 27.7 'E – 34 ° 54.4 'N, 138 °28.0'E, 56–64 m, KT- 78 - 2, St. Z- 13, 2.1978 (2 af). Off Oga Peninsula, 39 ° 53.6 'N, 139 ° 41.5 'E – 39 ° 53.6 'N, 139 ° 42.5 'E, 101 – 93 m, St. B- 4, 6.1983 (3 cs, 1 af); 39 ° 48.6 'N, 139 ° 50.6 'E – 39 ° 48.3 'N, 139 ° 50.1 'E, 57–62 m, St. A- 13, 6.1983 (3 cs); 39 ° 45.3 'N, 139 ° 48.8 'E – 39 °45.0'N, 139 ° 48.3 'E, 80–83 m, St. A- 23, 6.1983 (6 cs). Tosa Bay, 33 ° 23.1 'N, 133 ° 37.4 'E, 80 m, 2.1970 (1 cs); 33 ° 13.2 'N, 133 ° 40.1 'E – 33 °14.0'N, 133 ° 41.1 'E, 300 m, KT- 88 - 22, St. 5 - 2, 12.1988 (6 cs, 1 af). Off Tsushima Island, 34 ° 35.4 'N, 129 °06.0'E, 140 m, St. 17, 7.1968 (1 cs). Off Sanriku, 39 ° 14.4 'N, 142 ° 12.3 'E – 39 ° 14.9 'N, 142 ° 12.4 'E, 406–419 m, KT- 85 - 11, St. SR 14, 8.1985 (4 af); 38 ° 39.10 'N, 142 °02.22'E, 375 m, Wakataka-maru, 05- DE 380 D, 11.2005 (5 cs, 15 af). Additional material examined. Anobothrus nataliae Jirkov, 2008 Holotype and 3 paratypes: SIO RAS: East Pacific, off the coast of Peru, 9 ° 56 '0''S, 79 ° 26 ' 6 ''W, 891 m, Sigsbee trawl, R/V Dmitriy Mendeleev, st. 544, 31.07. 1972. Description. Length 5 mm, width 0.5 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes. Visible tips of buccal tentacles without ventral groove, smooth. Three pairs of cirriform branchiae in fused segments II + III, arranged in transverse row without median gap (Fig. 6 A, B); branchial bases fused, leaving the segmental origin of branchiae indeterminable (Fig. 16 C). Chaetae of fused segments II+III originating from segment II, very long and thick golden paleae with mucronate tips (Fig. 6 C). Paleae numbering about 25 per fascicle, arranged in semi-circular fan with central dermal hump (Fig. 6 B). Chaetae of segment III absent. Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae from segment IV, present in 14 segments. Notopodia in fourth-to-last thoracic unciniger elevated, connected by dorsal ridge (Fig. 6 D); notochaetae of modified notopodia with hirsute tips (Fig. 6 E). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Circular glandular band present in thoracic unciniger 3. Last segment of continuous ventral shields indeterminable. Two intermediate uncinigers. Ten abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules without cirri or papillae. Pygidium crenulated, with paired short lateral anal cirri (Fig. 6 F). Nephridial papillae absent. Thoracic uncini with 8 teeth in two alternating rows above rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 6 G, H). Abdominal uncini with crest of numerous teeth above rostral tooth and basal prow. Remarks. The number of paleae ranges from about 24 to 27 per fascicle. The new species is similar to Anobothrus paleatus Hilbig, 2000, A. nataliae Jirkov, 2008, and A. wakatakamaruae Imajima, 2009. All four species have elevated notopodia with hirsute notochaetae, connected by a dorsal ridge in thoracic unciniger 9 (fourth-to-last). Other Anobothrus species have this modification in thoracic unciniger 8 (fifth-to-last). The four species also share number, morphology and arrangement of the paleae. A. flabelligerulus differs from these species by the presence of 3, rather than 4 pairs of branchiae. The only other species with 3 pairs of branchiae, A. dayi sp. nov. and A. laubieri, have elevated notopodia in thoracic unciniger 8, and much less developed chaetae in segment II. We have examined the holotype and three paratypes of A. nataliae and consider the species a junior synonym of A. paleatus. Jirkov (pers. comm.) shares our opinion. The examination revealed that A. nataliae has papillated, rather than smooth buccal tentacles. In addition to the circular band in thoracic unciniger 3, the development of a circular glandular band in thoracic unciniger 2 varies between absent, inconspicuous, and prominent. These two observations lead us to the conclusion that A. wakatakamaruae, which has been described with circular glandular bands in thoracic uncinigers 2 and 3 and papillose buccal tentacles, is also a junior synonym of A. paleatus. No papillae have been observed in the buccal tentacles of A. flabelligerulus. However, only the tips were visible in the holotype and one paratype. Etymology. The species name means “carrier of fans” and refers to the prominent paleae that are reminiscent of a pair of fans. Distribution. Northwest Pacific from Otsuchi Bay to Tosa Bay along the coast of Honshu, off Oga Peninsula in the Sea of Japan, and off Tsushima Island in the Korea Strait, in 17– 825 m.

Sosane sulcata Malmgren, 1866 (Figs. 9 A���K; 16 E) Sosane sulcata Malmgren, 1866: 368, pl. 26, fig. 79 ���Hessle 1917: 108���109, fig. 13. Gibbs & Probert 1973: 399���401, fig. 2. Uebelacker 1984: 11���14, figs. 7, 8. Holthe 1986 a: 48���50, fig. 17. Hartmann-Schr��der 1996: 502. Hayashi & Hanaoka 1997: 385���388, fig. 2. Specimens examined. Uraga Channel, 35 ��09.6'N, 139 �� 48.6 'E, 33 m, 12.1978 (1 cs). Sagami Bay, 35 �� 16.8 'N, 139 �� 33.7 'E, 12 m, 10.1985 (1 cs); 35 �� 11.6 'N, 139 �� 34.2 'E ��� 35 �� 11.7 'N, 139 �� 33.9 'E, 60 m, St. 11, 9.1979 (2 cs); 35 �� 10.3 'N, 139 �� 33.4 'E ��� 35 �� 10.5 'N, 139 �� 33.4 'E, 147���175 m, 1.1970 (1 af); 35 ��08.1'N, 139 �� 32.9 'E ��� 35 ��07.6'N, 139 �� 32.8 'E, 240���418 m, Rinkai-maru, St. 3, 2.2002 (2 af); 35 ��09.1'N, 139 �� 23.3 'E ��� 35 ��09.1'N, 139 �� 23.9 'E, 478��� 490 m, KT- 76 - 3, St. BS 1 - 1, 2.1976 (3 af); 35 ��07.7'N, 139 ��22.0'E, 800 m, St.W 7, 6.1980 (1 af); 35 �� 11.7 'N, 139 ��23.0'E, 950 m, St.W 6, 5.1980 (1 cs); 35 ��00.3'N, 139 �� 40.2 'E 35 ��00.2'N, 139 �� 40.5 'E, 274���300 m, Shin'yomaru, St. 5, 10.2003 (2 af). Off Kunozan, 34 �� 56.6 'N, 138 �� 31.1 'E, 80 m, St. 1, 7.1967 (1 cs). Kushimoto, SMF 21692, 33�� 29.2 'N, 135 �� 48.4 'E ��� 33 �� 29.4 'N, 135 �� 49.2 'E, 12���14 m, St. 7, 7.1978 (3 cs); 33 �� 27.7 'N, 135 �� 44.8 'E ��� 33 �� 27.5 'N, 135 �� 44.4 'E, 44 m, St. 5, 7.1978 (4 cs). Off Akita, 39 ��47.0'N, 139 �� 54.7 'E, 40 m, 8.1981 (2 cs). Iyo-nada, 33 ��35.0'N, 132 ��12.0'E, 65 m, Toyoshio-maru, St. 1-2, 5.2005 (1 cs). Tosa Bay, 33 �� 26.7 'N, 133 �� 34.8 'E, 46 m, No. 2 - 2, 4.1970 (3 cs). Sasebo Bay, 33 ��05.5'N, 129 �� 40.2 'E, 50 m, St. 2, 5.1972 (2 cs). Kagoshima Bay, 31 �� 20.6 'N, 130 �� 34.6 'E, 50��� 55 m, St. 8, 1.1974 (1 af). Off Tsushima Island 34 ��16.0'N, 129 �� 31.5 'E, 105 m, St. 33, 8.1968 (1 af). Chichijima, Ogasawara Islands, 26 �� 58.069 'N, 142 ��09.066'E ��� 26 �� 57.812 'N, 142 ��09.057'E, 150���152 m, Koyo, St. 13, 10.2008 (1 cs). Off Sanriku, 41 ��25.0'N, 142 �� 18.5 'E ��� 41 �� 24.7 'N, 142 �� 19.7 'E, 1230���1250 m, KT- 69 - 16, St. 2, 9.1969 (1 af). Description. Length 15 to 26 mm, width 1.8 to 2.2 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, in trilobed shape, without glandular ridges, with several small eyespots (Fig. 9 A). Buccal tentacles smooth, distally spindle-shaped (Fig. 9 B). Four pairs of cirriform branchiae (Fig. 9 C); 3 pairs of branchiae in transverse row in segment II, 1 pair behind innermost branchiae of transverse row; branchial groups not separated by median gap; branchiae of segment II inserted in innermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment III inserted in 2 nd outermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment IV in posterior position, branchiae of segment V in outermost position of transverse row (Fig. 16 E). Chaetae in segment II present, slightly longer than following notochaetae, 10���15 per fascicle. Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae (Fig. 9 D) from segment III, present in 15 thoracic segments; notopodia of segments III and IV small. Notopodia in third-to-last thoracic unciniger elevated, basally inflated, apically broadly conical (Fig. 9 E, F); notochaetae of modified unciniger with hirsute tips (Fig. 9 G). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers. Two intermediate uncinigers. Ten abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules without cirri or papillae. Pygidium with terminal anus and 1 pair of ventrolateral anal cirri (Fig. 9 H). Thoracic (Fig. 9 I, J) and abdominal uncini (Fig. 9 K) with three columns of up to 5 teeth each. Remarks. The position of the 4 th pair of branchiae in Sosane sulcata in the anterior transverse row is unusual within the genus Sosane. The fusion of the branchial bases with the dorsum and the origin of the branchiae in segment V are still visible. Distribution. North Sea (Hessle 1917), Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea (Holthe 1986 a, Hartmann-Schr��der 1996), Gulf of Mexico (Uebelacker 1984), Wakasa Bay in the Sea of Japan (Hayashi & Hanaoka 1997). Newly recorded along the Japanese Pacific coast from off Sanriku between Hokkaido and Honshu, in the north to Kagoshima Bay, Kyushu, in the south, off Chichijima Island in the Pacific, off Akita in the Sea of Japan, and off Tsushima Islands in the Korea Strait, in 12���1250 m., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on pages 151-153, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Subfamily Ampharetinae Chamberlin, 1919

Tanseimaruana boninensis sp. nov. (Figs. 13 A���I; 17 D) Specimens examined. Holotype: NSMT-Pol. H 561: off Chichijima Island, 27 �� 17.99 'N, 142 ��44.00'E ��� 27 �� 18.08 'N, 142 �� 43.96 'E, 2840���2855 m, 3.2009, St. TE-02(2), R/V Tansei-Maru. Additional material examined. Amphicteis vestis Hartman, 1965 Holotype: LACM-AHF POLY 278: North Atlantic, USA, New England continental slope, east of upper end of Block Canyon, 39 �� 58 ' 24 ''N, 70 �� 40 ' 18 ''W, 300 m, Sta. Slope 3: anchor dredge, R/V Atlantis, coll. Sanders, H., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 28 August 1962 Paratype: LACM-AHF POLY 279: from the same station as holotype. Description. Holotype incomplete and broken between thorax and abdomen, length 7.5 mm, width 0.8 mm. Prostomium roughly pentagonal, with brown pigment spots and short paired nuchal slits, without incision, glandular ridges or eyespots (Fig. 13 A). Border of peristomium and segment I discernable (Fig. 13 A, B). Buccal tentacles smooth. Lower lip smooth. Four pairs of branchiae, all broken off, in a rhomb-like arrangement in segments II���IV (Figs. 13 A, 17 D); branchial groups separated by wide median gap; segmental origin of branchiae indeterminable. Chaetae of segment II (paleae) longer and slightly thicker than following notochaetae (Fig. 13 A, B); paleae tapering evenly to hairlike tips (Fig. 13 C); 10 paleae on each side. Notopodia with capillary notochaetae from segment III, present in 17 chaetigers; notopodia of segments III and IV small, without ventral papilla, dorsally elevated, with fine capillary chaetae (Fig. 13 B); subsequent notopodia larger, with conical ventral cirrus (Fig. 13 D) and narrowly limbate capillary chaetae. Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 14 thoracic uncinigers, conspicuously erect from body, with conical dorsal cirrus (Fig. 13 D). Continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 8. Intermediate uncinigers absent. Holotype incomplete, with 2 abdominal uncinigers. First abdominal unciniger with dermal fold across dorsum, bearing 4 foliose lobes with median lobes being larger than lateral ones (Fig. 13 E���G). Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules with dorsal papilla (Fig. 13 F). Pygidium unknown. Thoracic and abdominal uncini with crest of numerous teeth above rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 13 H, I). Remarks. Tanseimaruana boninensis sp. nov. resembles the genotype, T. vestis (Hartman, 1965), in the shape of the prostomium, the arrangement of branchiae, and the presence of 4 foliose lobes in the first abdominal chaetiger. T. boninensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from T. vestis by the presence of ventral papillae in the notopodia, conical dorsal cirri in the tori, and dorsal papillae in the pinnules. The type specimen broke between thorax and abdomen during a shipment. Drawings were prepared prior to the shipment when the specimen was in one piece (Fig. 13). Etymology. The species is named after its type locality, the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. Distribution. Off Chichijima Island in the Pacific Ocean, in ca. 2850 m., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on pages 158-160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Family Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1866, Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Zatsepinia rittichae Jirkov, 1986 (Figs. 15 A���K; 17 F) Zatsepinia rittichae Jirkov, 1986: 289 ���290, 1 fig.���Jirkov 2008: 120, tab. 1 Specimens examined. Off Kushiro, Hokkaido, 42 �� 34.99 'N, 144 �� 48.02 'E ��� 42 �� 34.68 'N, 144 �� 49.91 'E, 1028���1075 m, KT-07- 29, St. K- 1, 11.2007 (2 cs, 3 af); SMF 21696, 42�� 27.63 'N, 144 �� 57.44 'E ��� 42 �� 27.57 'N, 144 �� 59.38 'E, 2025��� 2037 m, KT-07- 29, St. K- 3, 11.2007 (6 cs, 5 af). Off Cape Erimo, Hokkaido, 41 ��43.00'N, 143 �� 56.37 'E ��� 41 �� 44.53 'N, 143 �� 56.46 'E, 1008���1031 m, KT-07- 29, St. E- 1, 11.2007 (7 af). Off Hachinohe, 40 ��00.00'N, 143 �� 31.37 'E ��� 41 ��00.76'N, 143 �� 30.25 'E, 2032���2055 m, KT-07- 29, St. H- 2, 11.2007 (3 cs, 1 af). Sagami Bay, 35 ��09.2'N, 139 �� 22.4 'E ��� 35 ��09.7'N, 139 �� 22.2 'E, 500���520 m, KT- 66 - 12, St. 2, 6.1966 (1 cs); 35 ��04.1'N, 139 �� 31.5 'E ��� 35 ��04.2'N, 139 �� 32.1 'E, 750���870 m, KT- 76 - 3, St. BS 4, 3.1976 (3 cs). Shimoda, 34 ��41.0'N, 139 ��01.1'E ��� 34 �� 40.7 'N, 139 ��00.6'E, 102 ��� 92 m, St. 12, 11.1981 (6 cs, 2 af). North of Tokunoshima Island, 28 ��03.79'N, 128 �� 56.31 'E ��� 28 ��04.71'N, 128 �� 57.59 'E, 533���583 m, KH-05- 1, St. OT- 10, 5.2005 (1 af). Additional material examined. Holotype: Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Pol. 301, N Atlantic, off northern Norway, Stn. 11, 71�� 10 ���N, 17 ��00���E, Transect 105, 354 ��� 357 m, R/V Tunets, Sigsbee Trawl, 21.07. 1978, leg. & det. Jirkov. Description. Length 12���16 mm, width 0.8���1 mm. Prostomium simple, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 15 A). Buccal tentacles broad, smooth, with deep ventral groove (Fig. 15 A, B, C). Segment II dorsally reduced or overgrown by segment III (Fig. 15 A, B). Two pairs of cirriform branchiae in a transverse line at anterior end of segment III (Fig. 15 A); branchial groups separated by small median gap (Fig. 15 A); branchiae of segment II in innermost position, branchiae of segment III in outermost position (Fig. 17 F). Chaetae in segments II and III absent. Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae from segment IV, present in 12 segments. Notopodia in second-to-last thoracic unciniger elevated, connected by dorsal ridge (Fig. 15 D, E); notochaetae of modified segment with broad wings and hirsute tips (Fig. 15 F, G). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 10 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Continuous ventral shields distinct to thoracic unciniger 8 or 9, faint to abdominal unciniger 1 or 2. Four intermediate uncinigers. 15 abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules with dorsal papilla (Fig. 15 H). Pygidium with terminal anus surrounded by ring of short papillae (Fig. 15 I). Thoracic uncini with 1 small and 1 large tooth in 1 median row over 2 lateral rows with 2 teeth each, above rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 15 J, K). Abdominal uncini with crest of numerous teeth above rostral tooth and basal prow. Remarks. Three of the examined specimens collected in November 2007 are filled with eggs. The abdominal unciniger count of 15 is slightly higher than in the holotype (13). The tentacles, of which only the tips are visible in the holotype, seem to be smooth, in contrast to Jirkov���s description as ���pinnate (?)���, and the uncini are in agreement with our specimens. We consider the difference in the number of abdominal uncinigers an intraspecific variation. Distribution. Barents Sea and Norwegian Sea (Jirkov 1986). Newly recorded along the Japanese Pacific coast from off Kushiro, Hokkaido, in the north, to Sagami Bay, central Honshu, in the south, and off the coast of Tokumoshima Island in the East China Sea, in 100���2055 m., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on pages 162-164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Zatsepinia jirkovi sp. nov. (Figs. 14 A–J; 17 E) Specimens examined. Holotype: NSMT-Pol. H 562, off Shirahama, Boso Peninsula, 34 ° 51.5 'N, 139 °56.0'E, 95 m, KT- 76 - 16, St. C 6 - 1, 9.1976. Paratype: NSMT-Pol. P 563, same locality as holotype (2 cs). Paratypes: Off Emi, Boso Peninsula, NSMT-Pol. P 571, 35°01.0'N, 140 °04.6'E – 35 °01.3'N, 140 °05.1'E, 77–83 m, KT- 76 - 16, St. C- 2, 9.1976 (10 cs, 16 af); SMF 21695, 35°00.1'N, 140 °06.9'E, 150 m, KT- 76 - 16, St. C 1 - 1, 9.1976 (2 cs, 18 af). Additional specimens: Sagami Bay, 35 °07.7'N, 139 ° 36.5 'E – 35 °07.3'N, 139 ° 36.2 'E, 46 m, St. 20 ', 9.1979 (15 cs); 35 °0 9.3 'N, 139 ° 35.8 'E – 35 °09.7'N, 139 ° 35.7 'E, 50 m, St. 8, 9.1979 (3 cs); 35 °07.76'N, 139 ° 33.96 'E– 35 °07.34'N, 139 ° 33.86 'E, 100–111 m, Rinkai-maru, St. 1, 10.2006 (5 cs); 35 °09.4'N, 139 ° 23.3 'E, 480 m, KT- 66 - 23, St. 10, 10.1966 (1 cs); 35 °09. 2 'N, 139 ° 30.4 'E – 35 °08.9'N, 139 ° 29.5 'E, 590 m, KT- 66 - 12, St. 1, 6.1966 (1 cs, 1 af); 35 °08.2'N, 139 ° 28.4 'E, 860 m, KT- 67 - 22, St. 1, 10.1967 (3 af); 35 °04. 1 'N, 139 ° 31.5 'E – 35 °04.2'N, 139 ° 32.1 'E, 750–870 m, KT- 76 - 3, St. BS 4, 3.1976 (2 cs, 2 af); 35 °00.9'N, 139 ° 35.7 'E – 35 °00.7'N, 139 °36.0'E, 990–1060 m, KT- 66 - 12, St. 7, 7.1966 (1 cs, 1 af). Off Shimoda, 34 ° 40.9 'N, 139 °01.1'E – 34 ° 40.5 'N, 139 °00.9'E, 102–120 m, St. 31, 10.1981 (2 cs); 34 ° 41.1 'N, 139 °00.0'E – 34 ° 40.9 'N, 138 ° 59.8 'E, 50–59 m, St. 29, 10.1981 (7 cs, 1 af). Off Northern Kyushu, 34 °01.2'N, 130 °24.0'E, 60 m, St. 38, 8.1968 (2 cs); 34 °08.1'N, 130 ° 28.6 'E, 75 m, St. 37, 8.1968 (1 cs); 34 ° 23.1 'N, 129 ° 27.5 'E, 85 m, St. 32, 8.1968 (1 cs); 33 ° 49.6 'N, 129 °29.0'E, 100 m, St. 8, 7.1968 (2 cs); 34 ° 25.1 'N, 129 ° 59.3 'E, 115 m, St. 35, 8.1968 (22 cs, 28 af); 34 °03.3'N, 129 °04.5'E, 125 m, St. 11, 7.1968 (4 cs, 1 af). West of Amami-Oshima Island, 28 ° 32.22 'N, 127 °01.84'E – 28 ° 31.05 'N, 127 °01.49'E, 576–594 m, R/V Hakuho-Maru, KH- 05- 1, St. OT- 6, 5.2005 (1 cs). Description. Holotype incomplete, length 10 mm, width 0.4 mm. Prostomium simple, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 14 A). Buccal tentacles broad, smooth, with deep ventral groove (Fig. 14 B, C). Segment II dorsally reduced or overgrown by segment III. Three pairs of cirriform branchiae in arc at anterior end of segment III; branchial groups separated by very small median gap (Figs. 14 D, 17 E); segmental origin of branchiae indeterminable. Chaetae in segments II and III absent. Limbate capillary notochaetae from segment IV, present in 12 segments (Fig. 14 E). Notopodia reduced in segment IV (Fig. 14 B, D). Notopodia in second-to-last thoracic unciniger elevated, connected by dorsal ridge (Fig. 14 F); notochaetae of modified segment with broad wings (Fig. 14 G). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 10 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Continuous ventral shields distinct to thoracic unciniger 8, faint to thoracic unciniger 10. Four intermediate uncinigers. Holotype incomplete, with 8 abdominal uncinigers. Rudimentary notopodia and glandular pads in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules without cirri or papillae. Thoracic uncini with 3 teeth in single row over paired teeth, above rostral tooth and basal prow (Fig. 14 H, I). Abdominal uncini with crest of numerous teeth above rostral tooth and basal prow. Remarks. The two paratypes are complete. They have 20 and 21 abdominal uncinigers, respectively. The pygidium bears a pair of blunt ventral lobes (Fig. 14 J). Zatsepinia jirkovi sp. nov. is only the second species of the genus. It differs from Zatsepinia rittichae by having 3, rather than 2 pairs of branchiae. The new species has 20–21 abdominal uncinigers, Z. rittichae has only 13–15. Furthermore, the pygidium bears two blunt lobes, whereas Z. rittichae has a pygidium that bears a ring of papillae around the anus. The thoracic uncini have 3 teeth in single row over paired teeth, whereas Z. rittichae has thoracic uncini with two median teeth in a single row over 4 teeth in 2 lateral rows. Despite the differences that require an emendation of the generic diagnosis, we refrained from describing a new genus. The shape of the prostomium, the absence of chaetae in segment III, the type and position of the elevated notopodia connected by a dorsal ridge, and the unusually high number of 4 intermediate uncinigers are unique characters among all ampharetid genera, shared by Z. rittichae and Z. jirkovi sp. nov. Etymology. The species is named after Igor Jirkov, renowned ampharetid taxonomist, who described the genus Zatsepinia. Distribution. Off Boso Peninsula, Sagami Bay, and Sagami Sea along the Pacific coast of Honshu, off the northern coast of Kyushu, and off the west coast of Amami-Oshima Island in the East China Sea, in 46–1000 m.

Tanseimaruana gen. nov. Type species: Amphicteis vestis Hartman, 1965 Diagnosis. Prostomium without incisions or glandular ridges, with nuchal slits. Buccal tentacles smooth. 4 pairs of cirriform branchiae. Segment II with enlarged notochaetae (paleae). 14 thoracic uncinigers. Intermediate uncinigers absent. First abdominal unciniger with 4 dorsal foliose lobes with smooth margin, emerging from transverse dermal fold. Uncini with many teeth in several rows. Remarks. Tanseimaruana gen. nov. shares the number of thoracic chaetigers, absence of intermediate uncinigers, number of branchiae, and presence of enlarged chaetae (paleae) in segment II with Amphicteis and a number of other genera. However, because of a number of differences, we think that the description of Tanseimaruana gen. nov. for the two species Tanseimaruana vestis (Hartman, 1965) comb. nov., described as Amphicteis vestis, and T. boninensis sp. nov. is warranted. Tanseimaruana gen. nov. lacks prostomial glandular ridges, possesses 4 foliose lobes that emerge from a dermal fold in the first abdominal unciniger, and its uncini have several rows of teeth, rather than a single row. Jugamphicteis Fauchald & Hancock, 1981, another genus that is related to Amphicteis, also has a dorsal lobe structure in the first abdominal unciniger. The dorsal modification of Jugamphicteis is a very high ���valve-like��� (Fauchald & Hancock 1981) dermal fold with papillated convex margin and a median notch. Despite the same location of the modification, we share the opinion of Fauchald & Hancock (1981) and Holthe (2000), who discussed the status of Tanseimaruana vestis (as Amphicteis vestis), that the modification of Jugamphicteis is different. Therefore, they are not considered homologous. Furthermore, Jugamphicteis differs from Tanseimaruana gen. nov. by the presence of prostomial glandular ridges. The modifications in Tanseimaruana vestis comb. nov., in the four species of Jugamphicteis, and in the monotypic genus Ymerana Holthe, 1986 b have been defined as modified notopodial structures by their describers. This terminology was reiterated by subsequent authors (Jirkov 2008, 2011; Reuscher et al. 2009; Parapar et al. 2011). However, a notopodial origin of the dermal fold or lobes seems unlikely. The lobes do not resemble notopodia. They rather seem to be dermal protrusions from a transverse dermal fold across the dorsum. The dermal folds with its accessory structures are likely to be apomorphic structures that might have evolved to help create a current through the mucus-sediment tube (see also Parapar et al. 2011). A notopodial origin seems also unlikely in the light of the phylogeny of the genus. Tanseimaruana gen. nov. and, even more so, Jugamphicteis seem to be genera that are related to Amphicteis. All three genera have 17 pairs of notopodia (paleae of segment II not included). If the modification of Tanseimaruana gen. nov. and Jugamphicteis was of notopodial origin, Amphicteis, the potential ancestral genus, would be expected to have an additional 18 th pair of notopodia from which the lobes have been derived. Additionally, the neuropodia of the modified segment are not tori but pinnules, which is a strong indication that the modified segment belongs to the abdomen, rather than to the thorax. Etymology. The genus is named after the Japanese research vessel R/V Tansei-Maru from which it was collected., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Sosane Malmgren, 1866 Type species: Sosane sulcata Malmgren, 1866 Synonyms: Sosanopsis Hessle, 1917 Mugga Eliason, 1955 ? Melinnata Hartman, 1965 Muggoides Hartman, 1965 Sosanella Hartman, 1965 Genus A sensu Uebelacker, 1984 Generic diagnosis (emended). Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges. Buccal tentacles usually smooth. Lower lip usually crenulated. Three to four pairs of cirriform branchiae; pairs 1���3 in segment II, 4 th pair, if present, usually in segment IV. Notochaetae in segment II of same size as following notochaetae, or absent. Nine to 13 thoracic uncinigers. Notopodial cirri absent. Last, second-, third-, or fourth-tolast thoracic unciniger with elevated, enlarged notopodia, sometimes connected by mid-dorsal ridge. Notochaetae of modified notopodia with hirsute tips. One or two intermediate segments. No abdominal rudimentary notopodia present. Uncini with numerous teeth in 3 or more rows. Remarks. The diagnosis has been emended to account for the first Sosane species with elevated and modified notopodia in the second-to-last and fourth-to-last thoracic uncinigers, respectively. Furthermore, the position of the branchiae, and the number of intermediate segments are included. The synonymies of the genera listed above, suggested by Jirkov (2001, 2011), are accepted. The characteristic Sosane -like modification of a posterior thoracic unciniger in these genera is considered synapomorphic. Sosanopsis Hessle, 1917 differs from Sosane Malmgren, 1866 only by the absence of chaetae in segment II (���paleae���). This character is not considered valid for the distinction of genera (Jirkov 1994 a, 2001, 2008, 2011; Reuscher et al. 2009; Parapar et al. 2012). The monotypic genus Sosanella Hartman, 1965 was described with 13 thoracic uncinigers. Our examination of the holotype revealed that only 12 thoracic uncinigers are present. The species Sosanella apalea Hartman, 1965 is herein considered a junior synonym of Sosane wireni, Sosanella a junior synonym of Sosane. The holo- and paratype of Melinnata americana Hartman, 1965 are incomplete, missing the modified segment. The species, and the monotypic genus Melinnata Hartman, 1965, are therefore indeterminable. The possible synonymy of the genus with Sosane is doubtful., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2013, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia, pp. 137-166 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on pages 148-149, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/224273

Ampharete falcata Eliason, 1955 (Figs. 3 A���I; 6 C) Ampharete falcata Eliason, 1955: 3 ���6, figure 1 ��� Holthe 1986 a: 35 ���37, figure 10, map 9; Hartmann-Schr��der 1996: 492 ���493. Specimens examined. Sagami Bay, 35 �� 17.7 ���N, 139 ��23.0���E, 60 m, St. W 2, 5.1980 (2 cs). Off Tsushima, 34 �� 45.9 ���N, 129 �� 35.9 ���E, 64 m, NSMT, St. 25, 8.1968 (11 cs, 10 af; SMF 21643); 34 �� 16.4 ���N, 130 ��06.4���E, 95 m, NSMT, St. 36, 8.1968 (1 cs); 34 �� 25.1 ���N, 129 �� 59.3 ���E, 115 m, NSMT, St. 35, 8.1968 (7 cs, 17 af); 34 �� 50.6 ���N, 129 �� 21.3 ���E, 205 m, NSMT, St. 21, 8.1968 (1 cs); 34 �� 15.1 ���N, 130 ��15.0���E ��� 34 ��15.0���N, 130 �� 14.9 ���E, 100 m, Soyomaru, St. SO08-D 5, 7.2008 (2 cs). West of Chichijima I., 27 ��07.31���N, 142 ��07.70���E ��� 27 ��07.03���N, 142 ��07.64���E, 129 ��� 127 m, Koyo, St. 25, 10.2008 (1 af). Description. Length 11 to 18 mm, width 1.0 to 1.2 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 3 A). Buccal tentacles without groove, densely covered with long and slender pinnae (Fig. 3 B). 4 pairs of smooth to indistinctly annulated, cirriform branchiae in rhomb-like arrangement in the fused segments II + III; branchial groups separated by wide median gap; branchiae of segment II in anterior position, branchiae of segment III in outermost position, branchiae of segment IV in innermost position, branchiae of segment V in posterior position (Fig. 3 C; 6 C). 6���9 short and thick, thorn-like chaetae in fused segments II + III (Fig. 3 D), usually in equal numbers on both sides, occasionally differing by 1. Notopodia with regular capillary notochaetae from segment IV, present in 14 chaetigers. Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent (Fig. 3 E). Continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 10. Elevated or modified notopodia absent. 2 intermediate segments. Body constricted between intermediate and abdominal body region (Fig. 3 F). 10 abdominal uncinigers. Small glandular pads above pinnules present in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers. Pinnules with small dorsal papilla. Pygidium with terminal anus, surrounded by 1 pair of lateral, long, filiform anal cirri, inserted sub-terminally, 1 pair of ventrolateral, digitiform anal cirri, inserted terminally, and a ring of papillae (Fig. 3 G). 1 pair of nephridial papillae in segment IV, located posterior to innermost branchiae. Thoracic and abdominal uncini with 9 teeth in 2 alternating rows over basal prow and rostral tooth (Fig. 3 H, I). Distribution. North Atlantic from Southwest England and the Kattegat to Spitsbergen. Newly recorded from Japan (southern part of Honshu, Tsushima, Chichijima; 60���205m). All localities are influenced by the warm Kuroshio Current. The species seems to be restricted to water depths less than 400 m., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2012, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part I: The genus Ampharete Malmgren, 1866, along with a discussion of several taxonomic characters of the family and the introduction of a new identification tool, pp. 75-88 in Zootaxa 3490 on page 82, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282430, {"references":["Eliason, A. (1955) Neue oder wenig bekannte Schwedische Ampharetiden (Polychaeta). Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, 6 (16), 1 - 17.","Holthe, T. (1986 a) Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia, 7, 1 - 192.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. 2 nd revised edition. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 58. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 648 pp."]}

Ampharete cinnamomea sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A���L; 6 B) Specimens examined. Holotype NSMT-Pol. H 547, Tokyo Bay, 35 �� 22.6 ���N, 139 �� 45.4 ���E, 20 m, KT- 71 - 12, St. TB, 8.1971. Paratypes: NSMT-Pol. P 548, same locality as holotype (59 cs). SMF 21642, Tokyo Bay, 35 ��23.0���N, 139 ��45.0���E, 20 m, KT- 71 - 19, St. B 5, 11.1971 (3 cs). Additional specimens: Utoro, Hokkaido, 44 ��05.1���N, 145 ��00.1���E, intertidal zone, 8.1960 (1 af). Sarufutsu, Hokkaido, 45 �� 19.3 ���N, 142 �� 14.8 ���E, 22 m, NSMT, St. 14, 9.1991 (1 af). Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 41 �� 44.3 ���N, 140 �� 35.6 ���E, intertidal zone, 8.1963 (1 af). Otsuchi Bay, 39 �� 20.7 ���N, 141 �� 57.5 ���E ��� 39 �� 20.6 ���N, 141 �� 57.6 ���E, 45 m, St. 5, 10.1978 (1 af). Kamaishi Bay, 39 �� 14.9 ���N, 141 ��55.0���E, 31 m, St. 6, 11.1974 (8 cs, 9 af). Ofunato Bay, 39 ��01.4���N, 141 �� 43.2 ���E, 10 m, St. 3, 7.1967 (1 af). Banzu, 35 �� 24.5 ���N, 139 �� 53.9 ���E, 4 m, St. 9, 6.1974 (1 cs, 2 af); Off Toi, Suruga Bay, 34 �� 55.1 ���N, 138 �� 44.1 ���E ��� 34 �� 54.2 ���N, 138 �� 44.1 ���E, 313 ��� 304 m, KT- 73 - 15, St. H, 10.1973 (1 cs). Tsukumo Bay, 37 �� 17.7 ���N, 137 �� 14.7 ���E ��� 37 �� 17.9 ���N, 137 �� 14.7 ���E, 37 m, St. 4, 5.1973 (2 cs, 3 af; SMF 21689). Mukaishima, 34 �� 21.7 ���N, 133 �� 13.2 ���E, intertidal zone, 5.1964 (1 af). Ariake Sea, 32 �� 37.6 ���N, 130 �� 17.2 ���E, 19 m, St. 67, 12.1957 (1 cs). Tomioka Bay, Amakusa, 32 ��32.0���N, 130 ��03.5���E, 27 m, 12.1962 (2 cs). Description. Length 20 mm, width 2 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 2 A). Buccal tentacles unknown. 4 pairs of annulated, cirriform branchiae in fused segments II + III; 3 pairs of branchiae in transverse line without median gap, 4 th pair shifted caudally between 2 nd outermost and innermost branchiae of transverse row; branchiae of segment II in 2 nd outermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment III in outermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment IV in innermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment V shifted caudally (Figs. 2 B; 6 B). Chaetae in fused segments II + III absent. Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae from segment IV, present in 14 chaetigers (Fig. 2 C). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent (Fig. 2 D, E). Very well developed continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 11, weakly developed ventral shields in thoracic unciniger 12. Elevated or modified notopodia absent. 2 intermediate uncinigers. 15 abdominal uncinigers. Well developed glandular pads with well set off terminal papilla above tori of intermediate segments and above pinnules in abdominal segments. Pinnules with well developed dorsal papilla (Fig. 2 F, G). Pygidium with terminal anus, surrounded by 1 pair of lateral, cirriform anal cirri, inserted sub-terminally, and a ring of papillae (Fig. 2 H). 1 pair of distinct nephridial papillae in segment IV, located posterior to innermost branchiae of transverse row. Thoracic uncini with 7 teeth in 2 alternating rows above basal prow and rostral tooth (Fig. 2 I, J). Abdominal uncini with 8 teeth in 2 alternating rows above basal prow and rostral tooth (Fig. 2 K, L). Distinct reddish brown stripe along body on both sides, located between notopodia and tori in thorax (Fig. 2 E) and continuing in glandular pads of intermediate and abdominal segments; terminal papillae of glandular pads unpigmented; prostomium, peristomium, and ventral shields with less distinct brown pigmentation. Remarks. Ampharete cinnamomea sp. nov. belongs to the rather small group of Ampharete species without notochaetae in the fused segments II + III, formerly assigned to the genus Asabellides Annenkova, 1929. The species described here has 15 abdominal segments, while the other Ampharete species without notochaetae in the fused segment II + III have either less abdominal segments ��� A. cornuata (Hilbig, 2000) with 8, A. californica (Hilbig, 2000) with 9, A. lineata (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1943) with 12 ��� or more abdominal segments ��� A. sibirica (Wir��n, 1883) with 18, A. orientalis (Annenkova, 1929) with 19. Ampharete cinnamomea sp. nov. also differs from A. californica, A. cornuata, and A. lineata by lacking a median gap between left and right groups of branchiae. Further differences are the filiform dorsal cirri in the neuropodia of intermediate and abdominal uncinigers of A. lineata, horn-like anterolateral extensions of the prostomium in A. cornuata, the unusually fused branchiae and very large nephridial papillae in A. orientalis, and the very short anal cirri in A. sibirica. Etymology. The species name refers to the distinct lateral brown pigmentation, which is reminiscent of cinnamon sprinkles. Distribution. Hokkaido, northern and southern Honshu and Kyushu. The species has been found from the intertidal to 304 m, and is dominant in 20 m depth in Tokyo Bay., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2012, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part I: The genus Ampharete Malmgren, 1866, along with a discussion of several taxonomic characters of the family and the introduction of a new identification tool, pp. 75-88 in Zootaxa 3490 on pages 80-82, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282430, {"references":["Annenkova, N. (1929) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Polychaeten-Fauna der USSR. I. Fam. Pectinariidae Quatrefages (Amphictenidae Malmgren) und Ampharetidae Malmgren. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, 30 (3), 477 - 502.","Hilbig, B. (2000) 8. Family Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1867. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. & Scott, P. V. (Eds.): Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 7. The Annelida Part 4. Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae to Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 169 - 230.","Berkeley, E. & Berkeley, C. (1943) Biological and oceanographical conditions in Hudson Bay. II. Polychaeta from Hudson Bay. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 6 (2): 129 - 132.","Wiren, A. (1883) Chaetopoder fran Sibiriska Ishafvet och Berings Haf insamlade under Vega-Expeditionen 1878 - 1879. Vega- Expeditionens Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser, 2, 383 - 428."]}

Ampharete orientalis (Annenkova, 1929) (Figs. 5 A���H; 6 E) Asabellides orientalis Annenkova, 1929: 494 ���495, plate XXXVIII, figures 50���51, plate XXXIX, figures 60���65. Specimens examined. Mutsu Bay, 41 ��01.0���N, 140 �� 52.8 ���E, 6 m, St. 6, 10.1971 (6 cs, 2 af); 41 ��07.6���N, 140 �� 50.6 ���E, 40 m, St. 5, 10.1971 (62 cs, 53 af). Miyako Bay, 39 �� 38.7 ���N, 142 ��00.0���E, 38 m, St. 5, 7.1967 (1 cs). Otsuchi Bay, 39 �� 20.7 ���N, 141 �� 57.5 ���E ��� 39 �� 20.6 ���N, 141 �� 57.6 ���E, 45 m, St. 5, 10.1978 (14 cs, 3 af; SMF 21645). Onagawa Bay, 38 �� 26.3 ���N, 141 �� 27.6 ���E, 15m, NSMT, St. 2, 9.1994 (1 cs, 23 af). Off Emi, Boso Peninsula, 35 ��01.0���N, 140 ��04.6���E ��� 35 ��01.3���N, 140 ��05.1���E, 77���83 m, KT- 76 - 16, St. C- 2, 9.1976 (1 cs). Sagami Bay, 35 ��08.6���N, 139 �� 34.9 ���E ��� 35 ��09.0���N, 139 �� 34.8 ���E, 83 m, St. 4, 9.1979 (1 cs). Description. Length 5 to 18 mm, width 0.8 to 1 mm. Prostomium with kite-shaped middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 5 A). Buccal tentacles without groove, with 2 ventrolateral rows of long, thick pinnae and 2 ventral rows of very short pinnae. Tips of long pinnae covered by tufts of cilia (Fig. 5 B). 4 pairs of smooth, cirriform branchiae in 2 transverse lines in fused segments II + III; bases of all 8 branchiae fused to a single stem-like membrane, outermost branchiae of posterior transverse row fused to a slightly lesser degree; branchiae of anterior transverse row separated by small gap, branchiae of posterior transverse row not separated by median gap; branchiae of segment II and segment III in anterior transverse row, exact origin because of fusion not determinable; branchiae of segment IV in innermost position of posterior transverse row, branchiae of segment V in outermost position of posterior transverse row (Figs. 5 A, C; 6 E). Chaetae in fused segments II + III absent. Notopodia with regular capillary notochaetae from segment IV, present in 14 chaetigers. Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic notopodia absent. Tori with a very small dorsal terminal papilla (Fig. 5 D). Very well developed continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 11, weakly developed ventral shields in thoracic unciniger 12. Elevated or modified notopodia absent. 2 intermediate uncinigers. 19 abdominal uncinigers. Well developed glandular pads above pinnules present in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers, occasionally with an offset terminal sphere (Fig. 5 E, F). Pinnules with small dorsal papilla. Pygidium with terminal anus, surrounded by 1 pair of lateral, cirriform anal cirri, inserted subterminally, and a ring of papillae (Fig. 5 G). 1 pair of very large digitiform nephridial papillae in segment IV, located posterior to innermost branchiae of posterior transverse row, not separated by median gap. Thoracic uncini with 8 teeth in 2 alternating rows over basal prow and rostral tooth (Fig. 5 H). Abdominal uncini with 9 teeth in 2 alternating rows over basal prow and rostral tooth. Remarks. Ampharete orientalis was synonymized with A. sibirica (Wir��n, 1883) by Hartman (1956), along with two other species, Neosabellides alaskensis Treadwell, 1943 and Pseudosabellides littoralis Berkeley & Berkeley, 1943. However, Hartman (1956) did only examine type material of Treadwell���s species. Hartman blended the descriptions of A. sibirica and A. orientalis together and justified the synonymizations by referring characters described by Annenkova (1929) for A. orientalis to A. sibirica. However, Wir��n had not described nor figured the most conspicuous characters of A. orientalis, the unusually fused branchiae and the very large nephridial papillae. Furthermore, the anal cirri of A. sibirica were described as ���brevissimi��� (= very short), whereas A. orientalis has two long anal cirri and a ring of papillae. Therefore, the synonymy of A. orientalis with A. sibirica is not accepted here. Distribution. Sea of Okhotsk, Japan (northern part of Honshu, 6���83 m). All localities are influenced by the cold Oyashio Current. Because of the confusion of Ampharete orientalis with A. sibirica, a species that has been recorded all the way from the Sea of Okhotsk to Alaska, more records of A. orientalis, attributed to A. sibirica, might exist. The records of Neosabellides alaskensis might also potentially represent A. orientalis since the description of Hartman (1956) resembles A. orientalis, rather than A. sibirica., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2012, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part I: The genus Ampharete Malmgren, 1866, along with a discussion of several taxonomic characters of the family and the introduction of a new identification tool, pp. 75-88 in Zootaxa 3490 on pages 85-87, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282430, {"references":["Annenkova, N. (1929) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Polychaeten-Fauna der USSR. I. Fam. Pectinariidae Quatrefages (Amphictenidae Malmgren) und Ampharetidae Malmgren. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, 30 (3), 477 - 502.","Wiren, A. (1883) Chaetopoder fran Sibiriska Ishafvet och Berings Haf insamlade under Vega-Expeditionen 1878 - 1879. Vega- Expeditionens Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser, 2, 383 - 428.","Hartman, O. (1956) Polychaetous annelids erected by Treadwell, 1891 to 1948, together with a brief chronology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 109 (2), 245 - 310.","Treadwell, A. L. (1943) Neosabellides alaskensis, a new species of polychaetous annelid from Alaska. American Museum Novitates, 1235, 1 - 2.","Berkeley, E. & Berkeley, C. (1943) Biological and oceanographical conditions in Hudson Bay. II. Polychaeta from Hudson Bay. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 6 (2): 129 - 132."]}

Ampharete ampullata sp. nov. (Figs. 1 A���H; 6 A) Specimens examined. Holotype NSMT-Pol. H 545, Tomioka Bay, Amakusa, 32 �� 31.5 ���N, 130 ��02.2���E, intertidal zone, 10.1963. Paratypes: NSMT-Pol. P 546, same locality as holotype (1 cs). SMF 21641, off Eni, Boso Peninsula, 35 ��01.0���N, 140 ��04.6���E ��� 35 ��01.3���N, 140 ��05.1���E, 77���83 m, KT- 76 - 16, St. C- 2, 9.1976 (6 cs). Additional specimens: Sagami Bay, 35 ��08.0���N, 139 �� 35.5 ���E ��� 35 ��07.8���N, 139 �� 35.6 ���E, 73 m, St. 19, 9.1979 (2 cs); 35 ��00.0���N, 139 �� 40.2 ���E ��� 35 ��00.0���N, 139 �� 40.3 ���E, 97���108 m, Shin���yo-maru, St. 3, 10.2003 (1 cs). Off Shimoda, 34 �� 44.9 ���N, 139 ��02.2���E ��� 34 ��45.0���N, 139 ��01.9���E, 57���85 m, NSMT, St. 5, 10.1981 (1 af); 34 ��41.0���N, 139 ��00.8���E ��� 34 �� 40.4 ���N, 139 ��02.5���E, 97���106 m, NSMT, St. 26, 11.1981 (2 cs). Description. Length 9 mm, width 1 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes. Buccal tentacles without groove, with 2 ventrolateral rows of thick pinnae; tips of pinnae covered by tufts of cilia (Fig. 1 A���D). 4 pairs of annulated, cirriform branchiae in fused segments II + III; 3 pairs of branchiae in transverse line, separated by wide median gap, 4 th pair shifted caudally between 2 nd outermost and innermost branchiae of transverse row; branchiae of segment II in 2 nd outermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment III in outermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment IV in innermost position of transverse row, branchiae of segment V shifted caudally (Figs. 1 A, B; 6 A). Chaetae in fused segments II + III of same length as regular notochaetae, but thinner. Notopodia with limbate capillary notochaetae from segment IV, present in 13 chaetigers (Fig. 1 E). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 11 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent (Fig. 1 B). Continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 9. Elevated or modified notopodia absent. 2 intermediate uncinigers. 12 abdominal uncinigers. Glandular pads above pinnules in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers absent. Pinnules with cirriform dorsal cirri (Fig. 1 F). Pygidium with terminal anus, anal cirri lacking (presumably broken off). 1 pair of large, bottle-shaped nephridial papillae in segment IV, shifted forwards between innermost branchiae of transverse row in segment III. Thoracic uncini with 3 teeth in 1 row over basal prow and rostral tooth (Fig. 1 G). Abdominal uncini with 8 teeth arranged in an arc and 1 median tooth over basal prow and rostral tooth (Fig. 1 H). Body filled with eggs. Remarks. The paratype has filiform, lateral anal cirri, suggesting that the anal cirri of the holotype are broken off. The branchiae of the paratype are smooth, rather than annulated. This difference might be caused by the developmental change of ciliation of the branchiae like in other ampharetid genera, such as Sosane Malmgren 1866 sensu Jirkov 2001, and Anobothrus (personal observations MR). There are six other valid species of Ampharete with 11 uncinigers, formerly assigned to Sabellides Milne Edwards in Malmgren, 1866. Only 3 of these species have notochaetae in the fused segment II + III. Ampharete borealis (Sars, 1856), A. manriquei (Salazar-Vallejo, 1996), and A. octocirrata (Sars, 1835) all have small, rather than large, bottle-shaped nephridial papillae. Ampharete ampullata sp. nov. has 12 abdominal uncinigers, whereas A. borealis has 10, A. manriquei 15, and A. octocirrata 13���15. Ampharete luederitzi (Augener, 1918), originally described in the monotypic genus Pterampharete Augener, 1918 that was later synonymized with Sabellides by Day (1964), shares number of thoracic chaetigers and uncinigers, presence of chaetae in segment II, and presence of pinnate tentacles. It differs from the new species by the presence of pinnate branchiae, 9 abdominal uncinigers, larger chaetae in segment II, small nephridial papillae, papilliform dorsal cirri in pinnules, and thoracic uncini with two rows of teeth. Etymology. The species name refers to the unusual bottle-like shape of the nephridial papillae. Distribution. Off Boso Peninsula, Sagami Bay (Honshu) and Kyushu. All localities are influenced by the warm Kuroshio Current. The species was found from the intertidal to 108 m., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2012, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part I: The genus Ampharete Malmgren, 1866, along with a discussion of several taxonomic characters of the family and the introduction of a new identification tool, pp. 75-88 in Zootaxa 3490 on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282430, {"references":["Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 5, 355 - 410.","Jirkov, I. A. (2001) [Polychaeta of the Arctic Ocean]. Yanus-K, Moskva, 632 pp (in Russian).","Sars, M. (1856) Nye annelider. Fauna littoralis Norvegiae, 2, 1 - 24.","Salazar-Vallejo, S. I. (1996) Sabellides manriquei new species from the Eastern Pacific, and redescription of Sabellides oculata Webster from the Northwestern Atlantic (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 59 (1), 142 - 149.","Sars, M. (1835) Beskrivelser og Iagttagelser over nogle maerkelige eller nye i Havet ved den Bergenske Kyst levende Dyr af Polypernes, Acalephernes, Radiaternes, Annelidernes og Molluskernes classer, med en kort Oversigt over de hidtil af Forfatteren sammesteds fundne Arter og deres Forekommen. Thorstein Hallagers Forlag hos Chr. Dahl, Bergen, 81 pp.","Augener, H. (1918) Polychaeta. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas, 2 (2), 67 - 625.","Day, J. H. (1964) A review of the family Ampharetidae (Polychaeta). Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (4), 97 - 120."]}

Ampharete Malmgren, 1866 Type species: Amphicteis acutifrons Grube, 1860 Branchiosabella Clapar��de, 1863 Sabellides Milne-Edwards in Malmgren, 1866 Heterobranchus Wagner, 1885 Pterampharete Augener, 1918 Asabellides Annenkova, 1929 Pseudosabellides Berkeley & Berkeley, 1943 Parampharete Hartman, 1978 Generic diagnosis. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges. Buccal tentacles pinnate. 4, or exceptionally 3, pairs of cirriform, or exceptionally pinnate, branchiae, all arising from fused segments II + III. Notochaetae in fused segments II + III absent or present in varying size from enlarged to regular notochaetae size. 11 or 12 thoracic uncinigers. Notopodial cirri absent. Elevated or modified notopodia absent. 2 intermediate segments. Glandular pads above neuropodia in intermediate and abdominal segments usually present. 1 pair of dorsal nephridial papillae in segment IV., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2012, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part I: The genus Ampharete Malmgren, 1866, along with a discussion of several taxonomic characters of the family and the introduction of a new identification tool, pp. 75-88 in Zootaxa 3490 on pages 78-79, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282430, {"references":["Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 5, 355 - 410.","Grube, A. - E. (1860) Beschreibung neuer oder wenig bekannter Anneliden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 26, 71 - 118.","Claparede, E. (1863) Beobachtungen uber Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte wirbelloser Thiere an der Kuste von Normandie angestellt. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 119 pp.","Wagner, N. (1885) Die Wirbellosen des Weissen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 168 pp.","Augener, H. (1918) Polychaeta. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas, 2 (2), 67 - 625.","Annenkova, N. (1929) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Polychaeten-Fauna der USSR. I. Fam. Pectinariidae Quatrefages (Amphictenidae Malmgren) und Ampharetidae Malmgren. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, 30 (3), 477 - 502.","Berkeley, E. & Berkeley, C. (1943) Biological and oceanographical conditions in Hudson Bay. II. Polychaeta from Hudson Bay. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 6 (2): 129 - 132.","Hartman, O. (1978) Polychaeta from the Weddell Sea Quadrant, Antarctica. Antarctic Research Series, 26 (4), 125 - 223."]}

Ampharete lindstroemi Hessle, 1917 (Figs. 4 A���I; 6 D) Ampharete lindstroemi Hessle 1917: 98, plate 1, figure 5 ��� not Malmgren, 1867: 214 (nomen nudum); Holthe 1986 a: 41 ���42, figure 13, map 12; Hartmann-Schr��der 1996: 494; Parapar et al. in press: 6���7, figure 4. Specimens examined. Off Sanriku, 38 �� 56.42 ���N, 141 �� 59.28 ���E ��� 38 �� 56.24 ���N, 141 �� 59.17 ���E, 213���214 m, Wakatakamaru, St. D 210 D, 10.2006 (1 af). Sagami Sea, 34 �� 20.2 ���N, 139 ��07.9���E ��� 34 �� 20.6 ���N, 139 ��08.1���E, 480 m, KT- 65 - 34, St. 8, 11.1965 (1 af). Off Toshima I., 34 �� 36.95 ���N, 139 �� 15.81 ���E ��� 34 �� 36.70 ���N, 139 �� 16.37 ���E, 316���328 m, KT-07- 31, St. L- 3-300, 11.2007 (1 af; SMF 21644); 34 �� 3.83 ���N, 139 �� 14.91 ���E ��� 34 �� 37.30 ���N, 139 �� 15.17 ���E, 372 ��� 342 m, KT-07- 31, St.L- 3-400, 11.2007 (1 cs, 1 af). Tsushima, 34 ��16.0���N, 129 �� 31.5 ���E, 105 m, NSMT, St. 33, 8.1968 (1 cs). Description. Length 7 to 17 mm, width 0.7 to 1.6 mm. Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges or eyes (Fig. 4 A). Buccal tentacles without groove, densely covered with long and slender pinnae (Fig. 4 B). 4 pairs of indistinctly annulated, cirriform branchiae in transverse lines in fused segments II + III, with 4 th pair usually displaced slightly caudally; branchial groups separated by wide median gap; branchiae of segment II in 2 nd outermost position, branchiae of segment III in outermost position, branchiae of segment IV in innermost position, branchiae of segment V in 2 nd innermost position, shifted slightly caudally (Figs. 4 C, D; 6 D). 8���12 chaetae in fused segments II + III, slightly thicker and longer than regular notochaetae. Numbers on both sides differing by 1 in each specimen. Notopodia with regular capillary notochaetae from segment IV, present in 14 chaetigers (Fig. 4 E). Neuropodial tori with uncini from segment VI, present in 12 thoracic uncinigers. Cirri and papillae in thoracic parapodia absent. Continuous ventral shields present to thoracic unciniger 10. Elevated or modified notopodia absent. 2 intermediate uncinigers. 10 abdominal uncinigers. Glandular pads above pinnules present in intermediate and abdominal uncinigers. Pinnules with small dorsal papilla (Fig. 4 F). Pygidium with terminal anus, surrounded by 1 pair of lateral, cirriform anal cirri, inserted sub-terminally, and a ring of papillae (Fig. 4 G). 1 pair of nephridial papillae in segment IV, located posterior to innermost branchiae. Thoracic and abdominal uncini with 9 teeth in 2 alternating rows over basal prow and rostral tooth (Figs. 4 H, I). Faint reddish brown stripe along body on both sides, located between notopodia and tori in thorax, continuing in the abdominal glandular pads; prostomium, peristomium, and ventral shields also faintly pigmented. Distribution. North Atlantic from Nova Scotia, New Foundland, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence over Iceland, the Irish Sea, to Spitsbergen and the North Sea as far east as the Kattegat; White Sea; North Pacific including the Japanese coast (105���480m). The species has been recorded from a wide depth range from 8 to 1940 m., Published as part of Imajima, Minoru, Reuscher, Michael G. & Fiege, Dieter, 2012, Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part I: The genus Ampharete Malmgren, 1866, along with a discussion of several taxonomic characters of the family and the introduction of a new identification tool, pp. 75-88 in Zootaxa 3490 on pages 83-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282430, {"references":["Hessle, C. (1917) Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 5, 39 - 258.","Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Groenlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 24 (4), 127 - 235.","Holthe, T. (1986 a) Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia, 7, 1 - 192.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. 2 nd revised edition. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 58. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 648 pp."]}