156 results on '"Reubenson, Gary"'
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2. Impact of prior cryptococcal antigen screening on in-hospital mortality in cryptococcal meningitis or fungaemia among HIV-seropositive individuals in South Africa: a cross-sectional observational study
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Abrahams, Shareef, Ahmed, Khatija, Avenant, Theunis, Bamford, Colleen, Bhola, Prathna, Bishop, Kate, Black, John, Blumberg, Lucille, Bosman, Norma, Botha, Maria, Brink, Adrian, Budavari, Suzy, Burra, Asmeeta, Chibabhai, Vindana, Chomba, Rispah, Cohen, Cheryl, Coovadia, Yacoob, Crowther-Gibson, Penny, Dawood, Halima, de Gouveia, Linda, Dlamini, Nomonde, Dlamini, Siyanda, Dreyer, Andries, du Plessis, Nicolette, du Plessis, Erna, du Plessis, Mignon, Erasmus, Linda, Feldman, Charles, Govender, Nelesh, Govind, Chetna, Groome, Michelle, Haffejee, Sumayya, Hamese, Ken, Haumann, Carel, Hoho, Nombulelo, Hoosen, Anwar, Hoosien, Ebrahim, Howell, Victoria, Hoyland, Greta, Ismail, Farzana, Ismail, Husna, Ismail, Nazir, Ive, Prudence, Jooste, Pieter, Karstaedt, Alan, Khantsi, Ignatius, Kleinhans, Vicky, Kleynhans, Jackie, Kolojane, Molebogeng, Kufa-Chakezha, Tendesayi, Lebaka, Tiisetso, Lebudi, Jacob, Legare, Neo, Lekalakala, Ruth, Lindeque, Kathy, Lowman, Warren, Madhi, Shabir, Magobo, Rindidzani, Mahabeer, Prasha, Maharaj, Adhil, Makgoba, Martha, Maloba, Molatji, Maluleka, Caroline, Manaka, Mokupi, Mangena, Phetho, Maningi, Nontuthuko, Marcus, Louis, Marshall, Terry, Mathebula, Rudzani, Mathunjwa, Azwifarwi, Mbelle, Nontombi, Mbuthu, Bongani, McCarthy, Kerrigan, Meiring, Susan, Mekgoe, Omphile, Menezes, Colin, Miller, Cecilia, Mlisana, Koleka, Moncho, Masego, Moore, David, Moremi, Myra, Morris, Lynn, Moshe, Moamokgethi, Mothibi, Lesego, Moultrie, Harry, Mpembe, Ruth, Mutevedzi, Portia, Mwansa-Kambafwile, Judith, Naby, Fathima, Naicker, Preneshni, Naidoo, Romola, Nana, Trusha, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, Ndlovu, Phathutshedzo, Nel, Jeremy, Ngomane, Mimmy, Ngubane, Wendy, Nicol, Mark, Njikho, Sunnieboy, Ntlemo, Grace, Ntuli, Sindi, Page, Nicola, Paulse, Nuraan, Pearce, Vanessa, Perovic, Olga, Pillay, Keshree, Pombo, Dina, Poswa, Xoliswa, Prentice, Elizabeth, Puren, Adrian, Quan, Vanessa, Ramjathan, Praksha, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, Reddy, Kessendri, Reubenson, Gary, Richards, Lauren, Said, Mohammed, Samodien, Nazlee, Samuel, Catherine, Seetharam, Sharona, Sekwadi, Phuti, Selekisho, Mirriam, Senekal, Marthinus, Shuping, Liliwe, Sibiya, Ngoaka, Sirkar, Surendra, Smit, Juanita, Smith, Anthony, Smith, Marshagne, Sookan, Lisha, Sriruttan, Charlotte, Stacey, Sarah, Swe Han, Khine Swe, Thomas, Teena, Thomas, Juno, Tsisti, Merika, van Schalkwyk, Erika, Variava, Ebrahim, Vazi, Phumeza, Verwey, Charl, von Gottberg, Anne, Wadula, Jeanntte, Walaza, Sibongile, Wende, Linda, Whitelaw, Andrew, Wilson, Douglas, Zietsman, Inge, Paccoud, Olivier, Mashau, Rudzani, Greene, Greg, and Govender, Nelesh P.
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- 2023
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3. Outcomes of flucytosine-containing combination treatment for cryptococcal meningitis in a South African national access programme: a cross-sectional observational study
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Abrahams, Shareef, Pearce, Vanessa, Moncho, Masego, Wadula, Jeanette, Maloba, Motlatji, Hoosen, Anwar, Verwey, Charl, Menezes, Colin, Moore, David, Pombo, Dina, Reubenson, Gary, Ntlemo, Grace, Richards, Lauren, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, Tsitsi, Merika, Moshe, Moamokgethi, Said, Mohammed, Kolojane, Molebogeng, Mothibi, Lesego, Du Plessis, Nicolette, Chomba, Rispah, Thomas, Teena, Avenant, Theunis, Nana, Trusha, Chibabhai, Vindana, Maharj, Adhil, Wilson, Douglas, Naby, Fathima, Dawood, Halima, Han, Khine Swe Swe, Sookan, Lisha, Dlamini, Nomonde, Ramajathan, Praksha, Mahabeer, Prasha, Bhola, Prathna, Naidoo, Romola, Haffejee, Sumayya, Sirkar, Surendra, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, Hamese, Ken, Sibiya, Ngoaka, Mangena, Phetho, Lekalakala, Ruth, Hoyland, Greta, Ntuli, Sindi, Variava, Ebrahim, Khantsi, Ignatius, Mekgoe, Omphile, Brink, Adrian, Prentice, Elizabeth, Reddy, Kessendri, Whitelaw, Andrew, Hoosien, Ebrahim, Zietsman, Inge, Marshall, Terry, Poswa, Xoliswa, Govind, Chetna, Smit, Juanita, Pillay, Keshree, Seetharam, Sharona, Howell, Victoria, Samuel, Catherine, Senekal, Marthinus, Bamford, Colleen, Dreyer, Andries, Marcus, Louis, Lowman, Warren, von Gottberg, Anne, Smith, Anthony, Mathunjwa, Azwifarwi, d'Abreu, Cecilia, Miller, Cecilia, Cohen, Cheryl, Ismail, Farzana, Moultrie, Harry, Ismail, Husna, Weyer, Jacqueline, Kleynhans, Jackie, Rossouw, Jenny, Frean, John, Ebonwu, Joy, Mwansa-Kambafwile, Judith, Thomas, Juno, Bishop, Kate, McCarthy, Kerrigan, Shuping, Liliwe, de Gouveia, Linda, Erasmus, Linda, Puren, Adrian, Blumberg, Lucille, Smith, Marshagne, Makgoba, Martha, Groome, Michelle, du Plessis, Mignon, Ngomane, Mimmy, Manaka, Mokupi, Moremi, Myra, Ismail, Nazir, Legare, Neo, Page, Nicola, Hoho, Nombulelo, Perovic, Olga, Sekwadi, Phuti, Magobo, Rindidzani, Mpembe, Ruth, Walaza, Sibongile, Dlamini, Siyanda, Njikho, Sunnieboy, Lebaka, Tiisetso, Ngubane, Wendy, Mashau, Rudzani C, Meiring, Susan T, Quan, Vanessa C, Nel, Jeremy, Greene, Greg S, Garcia, Andrea, Reddy, Denasha L, Venter, Michelle, Stacey, Sarah, Madua, Matamela, Boretti, Lia, Harrison, Thomas S, Meintjes, Graeme, Shroufi, Amir, Trivino-Duran, Laura, Black, John, and Govender, Nelesh P
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- 2022
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4. Case-fatality and sequelae following acute bacterial meningitis in South Africa, 2016 through 2020
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Meiring, Susan, Cohen, Cheryl, de Gouveia, Linda, Plessis, Mignon du, Quan, Vanessa, Kleynhans, Jackie, Menezes, Colin, Reubenson, Gary, Dawood, Halima, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, Said, Mohamed, Mvelase, Nomonde, Mahabeer, Prasha, Chomba, Rispah, Lekalakala, Ruth, Nana, Trusha, Chibabhai, Vindana, Black, Marianne, and von Gottberg, Anne
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- 2022
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5. Risk factors for COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in a high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence setting in South Africa: a cohort study
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Abdullah, Shaina, Abrahams, Fiona, Adams, Vincentius, Adnane, Fhima, Adoni, Sonia, Adoons, Dieketso Melitta, Africa, Veronique, Aguinaga, D, Akach, Susan, Alakram Khelawon, Prisha, Aldrich, George, Alesinloye, Olatunde, Aletta, Mathale Biniki, Alice, Mametja, Aphane, Tebogo, Archary, Moherndran, Arends, Felicity, Arends, Shireen, Aser, Munonde, Asmal, T, Asvat, Mohammed, Avenant, Theunis, Avhazwivhoni, Muvhali, Azuike, Magnolia, Baartman, Johanna, Babalwa, Dlava, Badenhorst, Johan, Badenhorst, Miranda, Badripersad, Bianca, Badul, Lalihla, Bagananeng, M, Bahle, Mncedisi, Balfour, Liezl, Baloyi, T C, Baloyi, S, Baloyi, Tinyiko, Baloyi, Tshepo Mpho, Banda, Thokozani, Barit, Shimon, Bartsch, Nicole, Bayat, Junaid, Bazana, Siyabulela, Beetge, Marlene, Bekapezulu, Nosindiso, Belebele, Rammala, Bella, Phala, Belot, Zanenkululeko, Bembe, Lindi Gladys, Bensch, Sonja, Beukes, Gishma, Bezuidenhout, Karla, Bhembe, Themba, Bikisha, N A, Bilenge, Ben, Bishop, Leesa, Biyela, Baphamandla, Blaauw, Cyntheola, Blaylock, Mark, Bodley, Nicola, Bogale, Power, Bokolo, Sibongile, Bolon, Stefan, Booysen, Mary, Booysen, Eldereze, Boretti, Lia, Borges, Paula, Boshoga, Millicent, Bosman, Natasha, Bosvark, Lucinda, Botes, Nicky, Botha, Adele, Botha, Chantall, Botha, Jana, botha, Chantall, Botha, Mandlakayise Irvin, Botha, Alet, Bradbury, Janet, Breakfast, Zandisile, Breed, Maria, Brenda, Molele, Brice, Moshito, Britz, Jolene, Brown, Amanda, Buchanan, T, Bucwa, Thozama, Burger, Crystelle, Busakwe, Ziyanda, Bushula, Nosiviwe, Buthelezi, Zinhle, Buthelezi, Dumsile, Buthelezi, Thubelihle, Buthelezi, Mpumelelo Basil, Buthelezi, Fundiswa Lidwina, Bux, Nadia, Buys, Christoff, Buys, Anneline, Caka, Ernestina, Canal, Armando Sanchez, Caroline, Sithole, Casper, Monrick, Cawood, Shannon, Cebisa, Oratile, Cele, Nothando, Cele, Sboniso, Cele, Sthembile Goodness, Chauke, Mkhacani, Chauke, Pinkie, Chelin, Nevil, Chen, Xiaohui, Chetty, Venmalla, Chetty, Kerisse, Cheu, Christinah, Chibabhai, Vindana, Chirima, Takudzwa, ChisaleMabotja, Mantwa, Chivenge, Charity, Choene, Ngoasheng, Choko, Mbali Nosisa, Choshi, Martin, Chowdhury, Sabbir, Christoforou, Anastacia, Chuene, S L S, Chueu, T S, Cilliers, Dale, Cilliers, Vanessa, Claassen, Marcel, Cloete, Jeané, Coelho, Chantelle, Coetzee, Carol, Coetzee, Hans Jurgens, Coetzee, Christine, Coetzee, Marelize, Coetzer, Dane, Coka, Sizwe, Colane, M, Combrink, Herkulaas, Conjwa, Songezo, Contrad, Colleen, Cornelissen, Faith, Cronje, Leezelle, Crouse, Christine, Dabi, Tshidi, Dandala, Ziyanda, Dangor, Ziyaad, Daniel, Gildenhuys, Daniel, Ngwana, Daumas, Alfred, Dauth, Madelein, David, Mongalo, Davids, Wayne, Daweti, Nozuko, Dawood, Halima, Dayile, Wandisa, De Bruin, B, De Klerk, Karin, De la Rosa, Tanya, de Nysschen, Marice, De vos, Marie, De Wet, Darien, Debising, Mohith, Deenadayalu, Darshan, Dekeda, Babalwa, Desiree, Mofokeng, Deysel, Annelise, Dhlamini, Abram, Diala, Makgethwa Dhlala, Diale, Mathapelo, Diketane, Bella, Dingani, Nosisa, Diniso, Siyabonga, Diphatse, Lesego, Diya, Anele, Dladla, Zihloniphile, Dladla, Nompumelelo, Dladla, Mlungisi, Dladla, Patience, Dlamini, Baphilie, Dlamini, Nonhlanhla, Dlamini, Linda, Dlamini, Nonzwakazi, Dlamini, Wendy, Dlamini, Ncomeka, Dlamini, Siyabonga, Dlamini, Nicodemus, Dlamini, Lebohang, Dlamini, Motshedise, Dlava, Babalwa Christine, Dlova, Phikiwe, Dlozi, Lindiwe, Doreen, Maenetja, Doyi, Vumile, Doyi, Athini, Du Plessis, Belinda, du Plessis, Johanna Aletta, du Plessis, Eddie, du Plessis, Nicolette, du Plessis, Karin, du Toit, Briette, du Toit, Narissa, Dube, Jabulile, Dubula, Athayanda, Duduzile, Msomi, Duiker, Sechaba, Duma, Unati Bongile, Duma, Kholiwe, Dunne, Kella, Dyantyi, Kholeka, Dyantyi, Avile, Dyasi, Simphiwe, Dyondzo, Chauke, Dyubhele, Phelisa, Dywili, B J, Edwards, Letitia, Eksteen, Madie, Ellis, Tersia, Ellis, Tia, Emmerson, Glenda, Enslin, Theusia, Epule, Odimula, Erasmus, Lana, Erick, Mathonsi, Etsane, Lerato, Eunice, Shimange, Fani, Zanele, Ferreira, Mariette, Finger-Motsepe, K L, Floris, Fabion, Fobo, Tseko, Fokotsane, Keresemetse, Fokwana, Duduzile Emmelda, Fords, Genevieve Marion, Fortein, Juanita, Fouche, Christine, Fourie, Rulandi, Frean, Andrew, Fredericks, Ludwig, Funda, Wandile, funjwa, kabelo, Futhane, Martha, Futuse, Amanda, Gabaediwe, Dora, Gabuza, Nonhlanhla, Galant, Janycke, Gama, Zanele, Gano, Thobile, Gardiner, Emma Cora, Gastrow, Henri, Gate, Kelly, Gaunt, Ben, Gavaza, Rikhotso, Gayi, Thapelo, Gcakasi, Nkosinathi, Gcobo, Nomusa, Geffen, Leon, Geldenhuys, S, George, Jenny, Gerber, Martha, Getyengana, Zolisa, Gigi, Nkululo, Gihwala, Radha, Gilliland, Mitchell, Gloria, Zandile, Glover, Elitia, Gokailemang, Ellen, Goosen, Suseth, Gopane, Maria, Gosa-Lufuta, Thandazile, Gosnell, Bernadett, Gouws, Sharleen, Govender, Christina, Govender, Raksha, Govender, Pearl, Govender, Sally, Govender, Roxanne, Govender, K, Govender, Savie, Govinden, Rashika, Gqabuza, Luphumlo, Gqaji, Nomthandazo, Gqetywa, Maneo, Green, Caroline, Green, Nathan, Green, Neera, Grobler, Hendrik, Groenwald, Pamela, Grootboom, Daniel, Gumede, Beatrice, Gumede, Nomonde, Gumede, Simphiwe, Gumede, Slindile, Gumede, Ntombikayise, Gumede, Zenande, Gxotiwe, Thandiswa, H L, Makhubela, Hadebe, Nonhlanhla, Hadebe, Skhumbuzo, Halkas, Christos, Hamer, Ansie, Hamida, Ebrahim, Hammond, Juan, Haniff, Sumayia, Hare, Annelise, Hattingh, lorinda, Hendricks, Thenjiwe, Henecke, Philip-George, Henly-Smith, Brends, Herselman, Glynis, Heymans, Ansie, Heyns, Chantel, Hlabahlaba, Golekane, Hlabangwane, Lucky, Hlamarisa, Simango, Hlanzi, Ntokozo, Hlela, Hlengiwe, Hlokwe, Katlego, Hlongwa, Thembinkosi, Hlongwana, Anele, Hlubi, Themba, Hobo, Tozama, Hopane, Nare Nathaniel, House, Mariska, Hudson, Catharina, Huysamen, Marinda, Indheren, Jezreen, Ingle, Samantha, Isaacs, Gavin, Isaacs, T S Thekiso, Itumeleng, Maringa, J van Rensburg, Karien, Jackson, Saloshni, Jacob, Neziswa, Jacobs, Burton, Jacobs, Tshireletso, Jacobs, Gugulethu, Jaftha, Mesadi, Jaji, Zimkhitha, Jali, Sibusiso, James, Gcobisa, January, Gillian, Jeke, Andiswa, Jeremiah, Laurent, Jeremiah, L S, Jhetam, Mubeen, John, Maureen, John, Chuene, Jola, Thandiwe, Jonas, Yolande, Jonas, Anovick, Juggernath, Amilcar, Kaba, Eileen, Kabo, Venetia, Kadi, Disebo, Kaizer, Karabo, Kambule, Moshaya Peter, Kapp, Lorraine, Kau, Tshepo, Keneth, Nchabeleng, Kgabi, O, Kgafela, Tebogo Audrey, Kgakgadi, Vincent, Kgaswe, Isabella, Kgathlane, Tsholofelo, Kgetha, Vuyelwa Julia, Kgomojoo, Mmaselloane, Kgoro, B, Kgosiemang, Christinah, Kgosiencho, Gloria, Khambula, Stephen, Khan, Ariffa, Khanare, Refemetswe, Khanyase, Ncamsile, Khanyile, Nokwethemba, Kharatsi, Fillip, Khawula, Simangele, Khohlakala, Themba, Khomo, Letitia, Khoza, Isabel, Khoza, Sinethemba, Khukule, Nombulelo, Khumalo, Busisiwe, Khumalo, Tracy, khumalo, Zinhle, Khumalo, Vuyelwa, Khumalo, Delisile, Khumalo, Lebohang, Khumalo, Boitumelo, Khumalo, Thuli, Khumalo, Gugu, Khuzwayo, Bongiwe, Khuzwayo, Thembhelihle, Kidson, Hennie, Kistan, Jesne, Klaas, Gugu, Klassen, Marilyn, Koeberg, Josehine, Koen, Marizel, Koena, Simphiwe, Kok, Ina, Kola, Imraan, Kolokoto, Karabo, Konar, Ramachandra, Kotsedi, Dr, Kotze, Jaline, Koupis, Martins, Kritzinger, Helen, Kruger, Marlize, Kruger, Henk, Kubayi, Tlangelani, Kubeka, Thabisile, Kubheka, Nonjabulo, Kubheka, Melusi, Kubheka, Sibusiso Clifford, Kubheka, Erol, Kumalo, Monica, Kunene, Thulani, Kunene, Siphilile Candy, Kunneke, Yvette, Kupa, R P, Kutama, Rachel, Kwakwazi, Nompumelelo, Kweyama, Lwanele, Labuschagne, Maureen, Labuschagne, Marina, Lakshman, Prabha, Lamani, Lungelo, Lamani, Thembela, Langa, Naomi, Langeni, Khangelani, Langeni, Aphelele, Langeni, Nwabisa Hazel, Langeveldt, Gena, Laubscher, Anchen, Le Roux, Laetitia, Leah, Magagane, Lebea, Collen, Lebea, Sello, Lebenya, Viyella Phumla Cynthia, Lebogang, Lorraine, Leboho, P K, Lee, Chantel, Lefakane, Kelebogile Rejoice, Legoabe, Zandile, Lekala, Patrick, Lekhoaba, Motsitsi, Lekunutu, Tanki Shadrack, Lerefolo, Galaletsang, Letebele, N, Lethoba, Tsepo Patric, Letlalo, Emission, Letlhage, Ofentse, Letshufi, D S V, Letsoalo, Dineo Fiona, Letsoalo, Seleka Jones, Letsoalo, Pennelope, Letwaba, Getrude, Linda, Sobekwa, Lipholo, Katleho, Litabe, Sabata, Lochan, Harsha, Lomax, Linda, Lombaard, Francina, Loots, Elmarie, Lourens, Ariana, Louw, Celeste, Louw, Rianna, Lubambo, Zikhona, Lubambo, Msebenzi Moises, Ludada, Gregory, Lukas, Michael, Lungu, Thembela, Lupindo, Nomvume, Lusenga, Emmah, Luthuli, Happiness, Luvuno, Zoleka Sylvia, M H, Gwangwa, Maarman, Mustafa, Mabaso, Buyisiwe, Mabaso, Cynthia, Mabitle, Morena, Mabogoane, Grace, Mabone, Kgakgamatso, Mabuza, Rueben, Mabuza, Velaphi, Madiseng, Mogantla, Madlala, Thobile, Madolo, Mashooase, Madonsela, Thabiso, Madubanya, Lesetsa, Maepa, Amukelani, Mafumana, Namhla, Mafumo, Caroline, Magadla, Pumeza, Magale, Viscah, Magaqa, Nompumelelo, Magda, Oberholzer, Magdeline, Rakgoale, Maggie, Tswai, Maginxa, Bongeka, Magoba, Cathrine Maite, Magongwa, Caroline, Magubane, Agretia, Magubane, Agretia Ntombizodwa, Magwai, R, Mahabane, D I, Mahabeer, Padmini, Mahadulula, Elsie, Mahanjana, Lungiswa, Maharaj, Amy, Mahlambi, Qedusiza, Mahlangu, Yvonne, Mahlangu, Lerato, Mahlangu, Ntombifikile, Mahlangu, Makhosazana, Mahlangu, Mahlatsi, Mahlasela, Penelope, Mahlatse, Thosago, Mahlobo, Regina, Mahole, Dikhing, Mahomed, Adam, Mahubane, Mapeu Debora, Mahume, Peter, Maifo, Lehlogonolo, Maimane, Vincent, Maimele, Petunia, Maine, Phakoe, Mainongwane, Patricia Senyanyathi, Majamani, Nomalungisa, Majozini, Amahle, Makalima, Noluthando, Makam, Nomfundo, Makamba, Khanyisa, Makan, R, Makarapa, Mashiane, Makgahlela, Malesela, Makgisa, Mogoiwa David, Makgomo, Makgoba, Makgopa, M A, Makhalema, Mabone, Makhanya, Lindokuhle Lizo, Makhanya, Philile Valentia, Makharaedzha, Tolerance, Makhathini, Nathi, Makhesi, Elizabeth, Makhubela, Cinile, Makhunga, Nkululeko Freedom, Makhupula, Nomalinge, Makhura, R R, Makola, Rangwato, Makuba, Zingisa, Makubalo, Asanda, Makumsha, Lonwabo, Makuya, George, Malaka, Levy Mmachuene, Malangeni, Themba, Malatji, M L, Malebana-Metsing, Pelonomi, Malek, Malek, Malevu, Luthando, Malgas, Juanita, Malgas, Dimakatso, Malope, Paul Makgasane, Malose, Monyeki, Maluleke, Katekani, Mambane, Kato, Mamorobela, Nthabiseng, Manamela, Kukami, Manana, Tshepo, Maneto, Sathiel, Manganye, Aron Kabelo, Mangena, Pheto, Mangoale, Anna, Mangozho, Tinotenda Florence, Manickchund, Pariva, Mankayi, Zandisile, Manning, Arthur, Manyaapelo, Kelebogile Manyaapelo, Manyane, Tabea, Manzana, Zoliswa, Manzini, Milton, Mapasa-Dube, Busisiwe, Maphumulo, Siboniso, Maphumulo, Ntombifuthi, Maponya, Sindy, Maponya, Khomotso Mumsy, Maponya, Napjadi, Maqubela, Lami, Maqubela, Lizeka, Maqungo, Vuyo, Marais, Marisa, Marais, Chantal, Maramba, Nondumiso, Mare, Annelize, Maredi, Madumetsa, Martins, Afikile, Marule, Johanna, Marumo, Refilwe, Masakona, N N, Masehla, Kedibone Vincentia, Maseko, Eric, Maselesele, Tshilidzi, Maselo, Mojalefa, Maseloa, M, Masemola, M E, Masemola, Thembi, Mashaba, Bella, Mashangwane, James, Mashao, Mantebele, Mashego, Shalom, Mashele, Lerato, Mashiane, Ester, Mashibini, Joyce, Mashilo, J, Mashiloane, Tumi, Mashishi, Charity, Mashiyi, Ngazibini, Mashudu, Khomola, Masindi, Aluwani, Maslo, Caroline, Masondo, Nduduzo, Masuku, Dumisile, Matamela, Cry, Matandela, Mirriam, Mathabela, Nontokozo, Mathabi, T, Mathe, Keitumetse, Mathebula, Mathabo, Mathebula, Catherine, Mathebula, Mdungazi Andres, Mathenjwa, Nqobizwe, Mathibe, Jane, Mathibela, Lebohang, Mathilda, Makwela, Mathiva, Khakhu, Mathobela, Mokgadi Alinah, Mathonsi, Fikile Pearl, Mathonsi, K P, Mathosa, Katlego, Matiwane, Noluvo, Matjeke, Emma, Matjiane, Bella, Matjila, Thabang, Matlala, Chidi, Matome, Petlo, Matoti, Nolusindiso, Matseliso, C, Matsemela, Dineo, Matsha, Phumeza, Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence, Matshediso, Motsumi, Matshela, Esther, Mavuma, Bongeka, Mavundla, Pearl, Mavuso, Nomthandazo, Mawasha, Lovender, Mawelela, Rebecca, Mazibuko, Nelisiwe, Mazibuko, Phumlani, Mazubane, Lindiwe, Mbanjwa, Bavumile, Mbasa, Ayanda, Mbatha, Nosimilo, Mbatha, Zanele, Mbatha, Rudolph Zenzele, Mbedzi, Gift, Mbizi, Tatenda Trevor, Mbonambi, Khumbulani, Mboniswa, Nondumiso, Mbonisweni, Nomfanelo, Mbuilu, Jody, Mbulawa, Siyabonga, Mbutho, Zama, Mbuzi, Natasha, Mchunu, Nonkululeko, Mchunu, Cyprian, Mchunu, Nokuzola, Mchunu, Masesi Thandeka, Mciteka, Vuyokazi, Mdaka, Solly, Mdakane, Neho, Mdediswa, Siyabonga, Mdima, Melusi, Mdima Masondo, Nozipho, Mdindana, Siviwe, Mdleleni, Ntombizikhona, Mdletshe, Sibusiso, Mdoda, Gcobisa Precious, Mdolo, Ntombi, Mdontsane, Anele, Mehta, Ruchikas, Memela, Philile Rittah, Methuse, Masande, Metshile, Keatlaretse, Metuse, Pheliswa, Meyer, Anton, Meyer, Gavin, Meyer, Cameron, Mfazwe, Sisonke, Mfecane, Andiswa, Mfecane, Bongeka, Mfeka, Nelisiwe, Mgaga, Busisiwe, Mgauli, Thandiwe Portia, Mgedezi, Thembekile, Mgedezi, Vuyokazi, Mgevane, Kalipile, Mgiba, Bongni, Mgoduka, Babalwa, Mhlaba, Patrick, Mhlaba, Zeldah, Mhlanga, Ntombizodwa, Mhlinza, Vangile, 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- 2021
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6. Difference in mortality among individuals admitted to hospital with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in South Africa: a cohort study
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Abdullah, Shaina, Abrahams, Fiona, Adams, Vincentius, ADNANE, FHIMA, Adoni, Sonia, Adoons, Dieketso Melitta, Africa, Veronique, Aguinaga, Dr, Akach, Susan, Alakram Khelawon, Prisha, Aldrich, George, Alesinloye, Olatunde, Aletta, Mathale Biniki, Alice, Mametja, Aphane, Tebogo, Archary, Moherndran, Arends, Felicity, Arends, Shireen, Aser, Munonde, Asmal, T, Asvat, Mohammed, Avenant, Theunis, Avhazwivhoni, Muvhali, Azuike, Magnolia, Baartman, Johanna, Babalwa, Dlava, Badenhorst, Johan, Badenhorst, Miranda Badenhorst, Badripersad (CEO), Bianca, Badul, Lalihla, Bagananeng, M, Bahle, Mncedisi, Balfour, Liezl, Baloyi, TC, Baloyi, S, Baloyi, Tinyiko, Baloyi, Tshepo Mpho, Banda, Thokozani, Barit, Shimon, Bartsch, Nicole, Bayat, Junaid, Bazana, Siyabulela, Beetge, Marlene, Bekapezulu, Nosindiso, Belebele, Rammala, Bella, Phala, Belot, Zanenkululeko, Bembe, Lindi Gladys, Bensch, Sonja, Beukes, Gishma, Bezuidenhout, Karla, Bhembe, Themba, BIKISHA, N.A, Bilenge, Ben, Bishop, Leesa, Biyela, 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Lungiswa, Mthethwa, Nompumelelo Petunia, Mthimkhulu, Khulekani, Mthuli, Lungani Percival, Mthunzi, Ashley, Mtolo, Xolani Sydney, Mtolo, Nomonde Precious, Mtshali, Linda, Mtwa, Neliswa, Mtyobile, Fezeka, Mtyobile, Kanyisa, Mudau, Mpfariseni, Muemeleli, Magwabeni, Mulaudzi, Isaac, Mulaudzi, Rebecca, Mulaudzi, Mhlelekedzeni, Muligwe, Dakalo Rejoyce, Muponda, Blessing, Mushadi, Mmbangiseni Stella, Mushid, M, Muthaphuli, Konanani, Muthavhine, J, Muthika, Mpho, Mvelase, Samkelisiwe, Mvelase, Vusi, MWEHU, LAURENT KAYUMBA, Myaka, Thabile, myburgh, Magriet, Mzamo, Zimkhitha, Mzawuziwa, Fezeka, Mzini, Mfundo Lunga, Mzizana, Oscar, Mzobe, Ntokozo, Mzobe, Thokozile, Mzobe, Zamaswazi, Mzwandile, Mtimkulu, Naby, Fathima, NAICKER, KESHNEE, Naicker, Pregashnie, Naicker, Saroja, Naicker, Pershen, Naicker, Saiyen Virgil, NAIDOO, RIA, Naidoo, Sam, Naidoo, Mergan, NAIDOO, KAMALAMBAL, Naidoo, Aroomugam, Naku, Sivuyile, Nakwa, Firdose, Nancy, Masoga, Nathan, Rita, Naude, Maritsa, Ncaza, Gcobisa, Ncaza, Aviwe, Ncha, Relebohile, Ncoyini, Yanelisa, Ncube, Snothile, Ndaba, Mrs, NDABA, VUSUMUZI, Ndaba, Mmapula, Ndawonde, Siziwe, Ndevu, Ziphozihle, NDHLOVU, NONHLANHLA FAITH, Ndima, Simphiwe, Ndlela, Sindisiwe, Ndlela, Thobsile P, Ndlovu, Nobuhle, Ndlovu, Nwabisa, Ndlovu, Virginia Dipuo, Ndlumbini, Sombekhaya, Nduli, Khululiwe, Nduli, Priscilla Nontokozo, Ndwambi, Michael, Nel, Jeremy, Nel, Rina, Nel, Lizelle, Nemanashi, Ntsundeni florah, Nemudivhiso, Usinkhangwe Nyaphophi, Nemutavhanani, Joyce Nemutavhanani, Nene, Jabu, Nene, Xolani, Netshilonga, David, Netsianda, Rendani, Newton, Charmaine, Ngalo, Vuyo Leroy, Ngani, Ncumisa, Ngcakaza, Thabisa Monica, Ngcobo, Thamela, Ngcobo, Trulove Nonhlanhla, Ngcobo, Richards, Ngcobo, Gcinile, Ngcobo, Guguletu, Ngetu, Thozama, Ngewu, Pinkie, Ngobeni, Tshepo, Ngobeni, Providence, Ngobeni, Khanyisile, Ngobeni, Prudence, Ngobese, Thembisile, Ngomane, Tracy, Ngondo, Nolusindiso, Ngubane, Nokukhanya, Ngubane, Sithembiso, Nguse, Ntombizodwa Praxedise, Ngwane, Tholakele, Ngwasheng, Elizabeth, Ngwenya, Siphamandla, Ngwenya, Gugu, Ngwenya, Nomthandazo, Ngwenya, Themba, Ngwenya, Eva, Ngxola, Zintlanu, Nhabe, Tshegofatso, Nhlabathi, Jabulile, Nhlangwana, Ishmael, Nhlapo, Sithembile, nick, Matlala, Niemand, Vicky, Nienaber, Carina, Nix, Louise, Njikelana, Chumisa, Njomi, Masiza, Nkabinde, Lucia, NKABINDE, M, Nkabiti, Boitumelo, Nkabule, Gugu, Nkadimeng, Mankopodi, Nkanjeni, Nonkanyiso, Nkatlo, Palesa Portia, Nkewana, Bongani, Nkhwashu, Audrey, Nkoana, Ngokoana, Nkoane, Mmathapelo, Nkogatse, M, Nkomo, Fezile, Nkomo, Ntando, Nkonyane, Nontobeko, Nkosi, Sydney, Nkosi, Ntombikayise, Nkosi, Phumzile, Nkosi, Ntombifuthi, NKOSI, TINTSWALO, Nkosi, ML, Nkosi, Godfrey, Nkosi, Amukelani, Nkosi, Fikile Vinoliah, Nkosi, Mbali, Nkosi, Nomcebo Lucia, Nkosi, Siphokazi, Nkuhlu, Amanda, Nkumane, Phumzile, Nkuna, Malebo, Nkwakwha, Wendy, Noge, Sesi, Nolte, Elizabeth, Nomawabo, Peko, Nombita, Malibongwe, Nophale, Nandipha, Nothnagel, Jeanetta, Novokoza, Bongiwe, Nqaphi, Zanele, Nqondo, Thobekile, Nqwelo, Siphokazi, NS, Nkoana, Ntabeni, Sindiswa, Ntabeni, Mr, Ntampula, mawethu, Ntebe, Mthutuzeli, NTELA, MOKWABO, Ntimbane, Hezekiah, Ntintsilana, Xolisa, Ntleki, Patrick, Ntobela, Zanele, Ntombela, Bandile, Ntombela, Zamaswazi, Ntombela, Khonelihle Zandile, Ntombela, Praisegod Samkelo Thobani, Ntonintshi, Lindiwe, Ntseane, Dipuo, Ntseane, Thobeka, Ntsham, Xolelwa, Ntshele, Mbalenhle, Ntshewula, Amanda, Ntsoko, Zinzi, Ntsoto, Athini, Ntuli, Nomsa, Ntuli, Nokwazi, Ntuli, Nomvula, Ntuli, Andrew Diffar, Ntuli, Faith, Nurnberger, Margrit, Nxala, Ntsikelelo, Nxasane, Sithandiwe, Nxumalo, Mr Thanda, Nyathi, Xolani, Nyawula, Nontobeko, Nzama, Nhlakanipho, Obed, Maila Nkuneng, Ogwal, Florence, Olifant, Maureen, Oliphant, Mr B, Olive, Monota, Olyn, Kagisho, Omoighe, Raymond, One, Phumeza, Oscar, Ratombo, Owen, Nkuna, P, Mailula, Padayachee, Nalini, Padayachy, Vasaily, Pakade, Ntombizakhe, Palime, Mosiuoa, Palisa, Jane, Parker, Arifa, Parkies, Lesenyeho, Parrish, Andy, Patel, Nilesh, Pather, Anastasia, Patience, Mkhombo Tsakani, Patzke, Marisa, Pawuli, Akhumzi, Pelako, Ntandokazi, Penrose, Phaswana Sibasa, Peppeta, Litha, Pershad, Santosh, Pertunia, Makheda, Pertunia, Nkuna, Perumal, Dane, Peter, Mongameli, Peters, Justin, Petlane, Vatiswa, Petrus, Harideen, Phahladira, Kgomotso, Phakisa, Matebesi John, Phale, R, Phathela, Livhuwani, Phillip, Sekate Daniel, Phiri, Beverly, Phiri, Mapule Precious, Phokane, Thapelo, Phokoane, Frank, Pholosho, Moele, Phooko, Sekoro, Phooko, Sekodi Geoffrey, Phutiane, Maponya, Pillay, Faiza, Pillay, Melanie, Pillay, Sayuri, Pillay, CR, Plaatjie, Zikhona, Pootona, James, Potgieter, Samantha, Potgieter, Marius, Precious, Mulaudzi Mulatedzi, Pretorius, Paul Janus, Prozesky, Hans, Pule, Mokhethi, Punwasi, Jayshina, Putzier, Dot, Qankqiso, Lutho, Qebedu, Siphokazi, Qhola, Phozisa, Qotoyi, Ntombesithathu, Qotso, Sipho Victor, Qwabe, Zanele, Rabie, Helena, Rabothata, Phoebe, Rachoene, Christina, Radana, Mteteleli, Radebe, Maria, Radebe, Dr. Valentino, Radebe, Nonkululeko, Radinne, Ella, Raduvha, Sherly, Raghunath, Shamintha, Rajagopaul, Claudine, Rakgwale, Mary, Ralethe, Malumbete Michael, ralimo, Kenneth, Ramafoko, Motlalepule, Ramagoma, Maduvhahafani, Raman, Charlotte, Ramavhuya, Dr, Rambally, Molly, Ramdeen, Nivasha, Ramdin, Tanusha, Rameshwarnath, Sharita, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, Ramotlou, Rampedi, Faith, Rampersad, Vijayluxmi, Ramuima, Avhashoni, Ranone, Noluthando, Rapasa, Mabohlale Portia, rapelang, Mpharoane, Raphaely, Nika, Rashokeng, Lesiba, Rashopola, Caroline, Ratau, Tebogo, RATAU, M, Ratshili, Mpfariseni David, Rautenbach, Elmari, Ravele, Rofhiwa, Reachable, Johannes, Rebecca, Peta Mmalahla, Reddy, Kessendri, Redfern, Andrew, Reed, Robertha, Rees, Mumsy, Reji, Dr, Reubenson, Gary, Rewthinarain, Veena, Rheeder, Paul, Rhulani, Nkonayani, Richard, Mufamadi, Rikhotso, J.S, Rikhotso, Shatimone Beverley, Robert, Lavhelani Ndivhaleni, Roto, Noncedo, Ruder, Gideon, Rugnath, Kapil, Ruiters, Lizette, Ruiters, Mina, Russell, Sue, Ruwiza, Lynn, RY, Molokoane, Saaiman, Mandy, Sabela, Emmanuel, Sadiq, Lerato, Saki, Litha, SALAMBWA, HYPPOLITE, Samjowan, Menitha, Samodien, Nazlee, Samuel, Rakgolele, Sandile, Fakudze, Sanelisiwe, Cekuse, Sani, Mandlankosi, Sawuka, Simangele, Schoeman, Lelani, Scholts, Magriet, Schroder, Ronel, Sebalabala, Mamotetekoane, Sebati, Selwalenkwe Collet, Seboko, Jacoline, Sebuthoma, Wilheminah, Segami, Annah, Segokotlo, Ruth, Sehloho, MR, Seisa, Khutjo, Sekgobela, Antony, Sekhosana, Monica, Sekonyela, John, Sekoto, Mpho, Sekulisa, Naledi, Sekwadi, Mokgadi Vanessa, Selaelo, Lebogo, Selatlha, Johannes, Selekolo, Kgomotso, Selfridge, William, Semenya, Lucy, Sengakane, Ivy, Sengata, Masabata, Sentle, Petronella, Seoketsa, Malebo, Seonandan, Pratheesha, Serumula, Thomas Mambushi, Setheni, Nkululeko, Setlale, Refiloe, Setlhodi, Tumediso, Setlhodi, Barbara, Setloghele, Robert, Sewpersad, Aarthi, Sewpersadh, Ryan, Shabalala, Phumlile, Shabangu, Owen, Shabangu, Kungesihe, Shabangu, Harriet Sbonangaye, Shabangu, Doctor Thokozani, Shadi, Clifford, Shaik, Hasifa, Shale, Tseliso, Shandu, Qedani, Shandu, Nomvelo, Shange, Ntswaki Marcia, Shenxane, Abongile, Sherriff, A, Shezi, Sebenzile, Shezi, Thenjiwe, Shihangule, Scally, Shikwambana, Cheyeza, Shoba, Lungisani, shokane, Kamogelo, Sibande, Nora, Sibeko, Lydia, Sibeko, Xolani, Sibiya, Zanele, Sibiya, Mncedisi, Sibuta, Sphamandla, Sifumba, Thembakazi, Sigcau, Sipho, Sigila, Lutho, Sihentshe, Kayakazi, Sihlangu, Bongani, Sikhakhane, Daisy, Sikhakhane, Shaun Nhlanhla, Siko, Mbali, Sikonje, Sipho, Simanga, Khumbulekile, Simango, Nomsa, Simela, Thulisile, Simelane, Ntombikayise, Singh, Sashah, Singh, Marjorie, Singh, Mrs Ragani, Singh, Shash, Singh, Anita, Sithole, Hitekani, Sithole, Senzekile, Sithole, Ntokozo Danielle, Sithole, Koketso Maxwell, Situma, Jonnie, Sivraman, Annie, Siwela, Katekani, Siyewuyewu, Nonqubela, Sizeka, Maweya, Siziba, Nonceba, Skhosana, Andrew, Skhosana, Khanyisile, SKHOSANA, RORISANG, Skoko, Tandiwe, Slabbert, Sunet, Smangaliso, Ntombela, Smedley, Christine, Smit, Lydia, Smit, Natassia, Smit, Lizelle, Smit, Michelle, Smith, Fasie, Smith, Lizzie, Smith, Sunell, Smith, Cassius, Smuts, Stefan, Sofe, Ayanda, Solomon, Khobane, Solomon, LJ, Sombani, chauke, SONGCA, RICHARD, Sontamo, Anga, Soorju, Supriya, Sopazi, Zubenathi, Soqasha, Brian, Sosibo, Bongiwe, Sotsaka, Ntsika, Soula, Mandy, Spoor, Simon, Stacey, Sarah, Stali, Asanda, Stephina, Mutele Mmboniseni, Steup, Myra, Steven, Sinoxolo, Stevens, AW, Stevens, Vincent, Steyn, Dewald, Steyn, Bianca, Stocks, Pat, Stolk, Henk, Stoltz, Alida, Strehlau, Renate, Stroebel, Anneke, Strydom, Loraine, Strydom, Jean-Marie, Strydom, Anton, Strydom, Ursula, Sunnyraj, Midhu, Swana, Nwabisa, Swanepoel, Winnie, Swanepoel, Suzan, Swartbooi, Elsie, Swartz, Estley Swartz, Syce, Casandra, T.E, Shihambi, Tabane, Joyce, Tabane, NE, Tawana, Mrs, Tebello, Ntene, Tembe, Siphosetu Wiseman, Terblanche, Samantha, Thabede, Ntombifuthi, Thabelo, Nkhumeleni, Thabethe, Sibusiso, Thabo George, Lekhanya, Thare, Keorapetse, Thebogo, Makofane, Thekiso, Lerato, Theko, Lloyd, Themba, Celimphilo Zandi, Theron, Danie, Theron, Henda, Theron, Ilze, Thingathinga, Thandiwe, THLABADIRA, M.M, Thoka, Dikeledi, Thokwana, Zanele, Thom, Gustav, Thubakgale, Mamphot Joel, Thwala, Theodora, Thys, P, Tieho, Monethi, Timothy, Matodzi, Tintswalo, Ndlovu, Tivana, Babalwa, Tladi, Molefi, Tokota, Bongiwe, Toni, Simthandile, Torres, Ariel, Toubkin, Mande, Tsatsi, Marinda, Tshabalala, Khanyisile, Tshamase, Nozibele, Tshefu, Gontse, Tshegofatjo, Makgoga, Tshikomba, Given, Tshilo, Thapelo, Tshira, Lerato, Tshirado, S.T, Tshisikule, Maipfi, Tsoke, G, TSOKE, N, Tsoko, Alatha, Tsotetsi, Mosele, TSUBELLA, SANDEVA, Tuswa, Noxolo, Tutse, Maipato, Tutu, Nomayenzeke, Twala, Sphephelo, Twala, Nhlanhla, Twala, Simphiwe, Ubisi, John, Unathi, Tefo, Van Aswegen, A, van der Merwe, Marietjie, van der Merwe, Trudie, van der Plank, Patience, van der Spuy, Elmarie, Van Der Westhuizen, Linda, Van Der Westhuizen, Adele, van der Westhuizen, Talana, van der Westhuyzen, Mene, Van Dyk, Thea, van Heerden, Ingrid, van Jaarsveld, Ryno, Van Lill, M, van Niekerk, Heidi, van Niekerk, Ben, van Rensburg, Amanda, van Schallwyk, Judy, Van Sensie, Zeitschke Yarnrich, van Vuuren, Magda, van Vuuren, Cloete, Vandu, Olga Funiswa, Vane, Mandisa, VanZyl, Lucia, Variava, Ebrahim, Veerus, Mariam, Velapi, Nokhwezi, Veleko, Sebina, Velezantsi, Z., Venter, Retha, Vergottini, Corlia, Vermeulen, Inga, Vidah, Liabara Lufuluvhi, Vilakazi, Bongani, Vilakazi, Treasure N, Vilakazi, Mbalenhle Precious, Viljoen, Karen, Viljoen, Werner, Volschenk, Zuretha, Vos, Angelo, VV, Matlala, Walters, Jacques, Webb, Kate, Welsh, John, WESSELS, D, Wheller, Judy, White, Fundile, White, Priscilla, Whyte, Carmen, Willemse, Ansie, William, Sape, Williams, Daniel, Williams, Kamielah, Williams, Mercia, Williamson, Anne, Wilson, Cherade, Wolff, Boipelo, Wray, Michelle, Xaba, Ntombizonke B, Xaba, Thabang Jabulani, Xiniwe, Thanks, Xoliswa, Mtshali, Xulu, Funokwakhe, Xulu, Gibson, Yam, Sandlakazi, Zakhura, NM, Zareloa, Mashela, Zinto, Sive, Zinziswa, Dyibeni, Ziselo, Lulamile, Zitha, Zakhele, Zitha, Emmanuel, Zokufa, Anele, Zondi, Innocent, Zondi, Sikhumbuzo Bernard, Zondi, Sbuyi, Zondi, Thulani, Zongola, Wandiswa, Zühlke, Liesl, Zulu, Zandile, ZULU, LUNGELO, Zulu, Thandeka, Zulu, Slindili, Zulu, Nkosinathi, Zuma, Angel, Zungu, precious, Zungu, Pamela, Zungu, Melusi, Zungu, Priscilla, Zwakala, Bongo Lihle, Zwane, Antonia, Zwane, Promise, Zwane, Muziwendoda, Zwane, Hlengiwe Priscila, Zwane, Nomgcobo, Jassat, Waasila, Mudara, Caroline, Ozougwu, Lovelyn, Tempia, Stefano, Blumberg, Lucille, Davies, Mary-Ann, Pillay, Yogan, Carter, Terence, Morewane, Ramphelane, Wolmarans, Milani, von Gottberg, Anne, Bhiman, Jinal N, Walaza, Sibongile, and Cohen, Cheryl
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- 2021
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7. Genomic characterization of Bordetella pertussis in South Africa, 2015–2019
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Moosa, Fahima, primary, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Weigand, Michael R., additional, Peng, Yanhui, additional, Mogale, Dineo, additional, de Gouveia, Linda, additional, Nunes, Marta C., additional, Madhi, Shabir A., additional, Zar, Heather J., additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Ismail, Arshad, additional, Tondella, M. Lucia, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, and Wolter, Nicole, additional
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- 2023
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8. Appropriate use of colistin in neonates, infants and children: Interim guidance
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Chibabhai, Vindana, primary, Bekker, Adrie, additional, Black, Marianne, additional, Demopoulos, Despina, additional, Dramowski, Angela, additional, Du Plessis, Nicolette M., additional, Pillay-Fuentes Lorente, Veshni, additional, Nana, Trusha, additional, Rabie, Helena, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, and Thomas, Reenu, additional
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- 2023
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9. Risk Factors for Severe COVID‐19 Among Children and Adolescents Enrolled in Acute Respiratory Infection Sentinel Surveillance in South Africa, 2020–2022.
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Bishop, Kate, Meiring, Susan, Tempia, Stefano, von Gottberg, Anne, Wolter, Nicole, Kleynhans, Jackie, Moosa, Fahima, du Plessis, Mignon, Moyes, Jocelyn, Makhasi, Mvuyo, Chuene, Boitumelo, Samuels, Aaron M., Dawood, Halima, Reubenson, Gary, Zar, Heather J., Quan, Vanessa, Cohen, Cheryl, and Walaza, Sibongile
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SARS-CoV-2 ,SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant ,RESPIRATORY infections ,RESPIRATORY syncytial virus ,COVID-19 - Abstract
Background: Identifying children at risk for severe COVID‐19 disease from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) may guide future mitigation interventions. Using sentinel surveillance data, we aimed to identify risk factors for SARS‐CoV‐2–associated hospitalisation among patients aged ≤ 18 years with respiratory illness. Methods: From April 2020 to March 2022, patients meeting study case definitions were enrolled at four outpatient influenza‐like illness (ILI) and five inpatient severe respiratory infection (SRI) surveillance sites and tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each ILI clinic shared a catchment area with its corresponding SRI hospital. Potential risk factors for SARS‐CoV‐2–associated hospitalisation were analysed using multivariable logistic regression by comparing inpatient versus outpatient SARS‐CoV‐2 cases. Results: Of 4688 participants aged ≤ 18 years, 4556 (97%) with complete PCR and HIV data were included in the analysis. Among patients with ILI and SRI, 92/1145 (8%) and 154/3411 (5%) tested SARS‐CoV‐2 positive, respectively. Compared to outpatients, hospitalised SARS‐CoV‐2 cases were associated with age < 6 months ([adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7–24.0] versus 1–4 years); underlying medical condition other than HIV [aOR 5.8, 95% CI 2.3–14.6]; laboratory‐confirmed Omicron BA.1/BA.2 or Delta variant ([aOR 4.9, 95% CI 1.7–14.2] or [aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.3] compared to ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2); and respiratory syncytial virus coinfection [aOR 6.2, 95% CI 1.0–38.5]. Conclusion: Aligning with previous research, we identified age < 6 months or having an underlying condition as risk factors for SARS‐CoV‐2–associated SRI hospitalisation and demonstrated the potential of sentinel surveillance to monitor COVID‐19 in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Influenza
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Cohen, Cheryl, Reubenson, Gary, and Green, Robin J., editor
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- 2017
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11. Effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in South African children: a case-control study
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Cohen, Cheryl, von Mollendorf, Claire, de Gouveia, Linda, Lengana, Sarona, Meiring, Susan, Quan, Vanessa, Nguweneza, Arthermon, Moore, David P, Reubenson, Gary, Moshe, Mamokgethi, Madhi, Shabir A, Eley, Brian, Hallbauer, Ute, Finlayson, Heather, Varughese, Sheeba, O'Brien, Katherine L, Zell, Elizabeth R, Klugman, Keith P, Whitney, Cynthia G, and von Gottberg, Anne
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- 2017
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12. Impact of prior cryptococcal antigen screening on in-hospital mortality in cryptococcal meningitis or fungemia among HIV-seropositive individuals in South Africa: a cross-sectional observational study
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Paccoud, Olivier, primary, Shuping, Liliwe, additional, Mashau, Rudzani, additional, Greene, Greg, additional, Quan, Vanessa, additional, Meiring, Susan, additional, Govender, Nelesh P., additional, Abrahams, Shareef, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Avenant, Theunis, additional, Bamford, Colleen, additional, Bhola, Prathna, additional, Bishop, Kate, additional, Black, John, additional, Blumberg, Lucille, additional, Bosman, Norma, additional, Botha, Maria, additional, Brink, Adrian, additional, Budavari, Suzy, additional, Burra, Asmeeta, additional, Chibabhai, Vindana, additional, Chomba, Rispah, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Coovadia, Yacoob, additional, Crowther-Gibson, Penny, additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, de Gouveia, Linda, additional, Dlamini, Nomonde, additional, Dlamini, Siyanda, additional, Dreyer, Andries, additional, du Plessis, Nicolette, additional, du Plessis, Erna, additional, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Erasmus, Linda, additional, Feldman, Charles, additional, Govender, Nelesh, additional, Govind, Chetna, additional, Groome, Michelle, additional, Haffejee, Sumayya, additional, Hamese, Ken, additional, Haumann, Carel, additional, Hoho, Nombulelo, additional, Hoosen, Anwar, additional, Hoosien, Ebrahim, additional, Howell, Victoria, additional, Hoyland, Greta, additional, Ismail, Farzana, additional, Ismail, Husna, additional, Ismail, Nazir, additional, Ive, Prudence, additional, Jooste, Pieter, additional, Karstaedt, Alan, additional, Khantsi, Ignatius, additional, Kleinhans, Vicky, additional, Kleynhans, Jackie, additional, Kolojane, Molebogeng, additional, Kufa-Chakezha, Tendesayi, additional, Lebaka, Tiisetso, additional, Lebudi, Jacob, additional, Legare, Neo, additional, Lekalakala, Ruth, additional, Lindeque, Kathy, additional, Lowman, Warren, additional, Madhi, Shabir, additional, Magobo, Rindidzani, additional, Mahabeer, Prasha, additional, Maharaj, Adhil, additional, Makgoba, Martha, additional, Maloba, Molatji, additional, Maluleka, Caroline, additional, Manaka, Mokupi, additional, Mangena, Phetho, additional, Maningi, Nontuthuko, additional, Marcus, Louis, additional, Marshall, Terry, additional, Mathebula, Rudzani, additional, Mathunjwa, Azwifarwi, additional, Mbelle, Nontombi, additional, Mbuthu, Bongani, additional, McCarthy, Kerrigan, additional, Mekgoe, Omphile, additional, Menezes, Colin, additional, Miller, Cecilia, additional, Mlisana, Koleka, additional, Moncho, Masego, additional, Moore, David, additional, Moremi, Myra, additional, Morris, Lynn, additional, Moshe, Moamokgethi, additional, Mothibi, Lesego, additional, Moultrie, Harry, additional, Mpembe, Ruth, additional, Mutevedzi, Portia, additional, Mwansa-Kambafwile, Judith, additional, Naby, Fathima, additional, Naicker, Preneshni, additional, Naidoo, Romola, additional, Nana, Trusha, additional, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, additional, Ndlovu, Phathutshedzo, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Ngomane, Mimmy, additional, Ngubane, Wendy, additional, Nicol, Mark, additional, Njikho, Sunnieboy, additional, Ntlemo, Grace, additional, Ntuli, Sindi, additional, Page, Nicola, additional, Paulse, Nuraan, additional, Pearce, Vanessa, additional, Perovic, Olga, additional, Pillay, Keshree, additional, Pombo, Dina, additional, Poswa, Xoliswa, additional, Prentice, Elizabeth, additional, Puren, Adrian, additional, Ramjathan, Praksha, additional, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, additional, Reddy, Kessendri, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Richards, Lauren, additional, Said, Mohammed, additional, Samodien, Nazlee, additional, Samuel, Catherine, additional, Seetharam, Sharona, additional, Sekwadi, Phuti, additional, Selekisho, Mirriam, additional, Senekal, Marthinus, additional, Sibiya, Ngoaka, additional, Sirkar, Surendra, additional, Smit, Juanita, additional, Smith, Anthony, additional, Smith, Marshagne, additional, Sookan, Lisha, additional, Sriruttan, Charlotte, additional, Stacey, Sarah, additional, Swe Han, Khine Swe, additional, Thomas, Teena, additional, Thomas, Juno, additional, Tsisti, Merika, additional, van Schalkwyk, Erika, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, Vazi, Phumeza, additional, Verwey, Charl, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Wadula, Jeanntte, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, Wende, Linda, additional, Whitelaw, Andrew, additional, Wilson, Douglas, additional, and Zietsman, Inge, additional
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- 2023
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13. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Neonates Prior to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Use in South Africa: 2003–2008
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Moodley, Krishnee, Coovadia, Yacoob Mahomed, Cohen, Cheryl, Meiring, Susan, Lengana, Sarona, De Gouveia, Linda, von Mollendorf, Claire, Crowther-Gibson, Penny, Quan, Vanessa, Eley, Brian, Reubenson, Gary, Nana, Trusha, and von Gottberg, Anne
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- 2019
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14. Changing Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents Over Four Successive Epidemic Waves in South Africa, 2020–2022
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Chiwandire, Nicola, primary, Jassat, Waasila, additional, Groome, Michelle, additional, Kufa, Tendesayi, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, Wolter, Nicole, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Ebonwu, Joy, additional, Govender, Nevashan, additional, Ntshoe, Genevie, additional, Shonhiwa, Andronica Moipone, additional, Blumberg, Lucille, additional, and Cohen, Cheryl, additional
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- 2023
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15. Correlates of protection of serotype-specific capsular antibody and invasive Group B Streptococcus disease in South African infants
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Dangor, Ziyaad, Kwatra, Gaurav, Izu, Alane, Adrian, Peter, Cutland, Clare L., Velaphi, Sithembiso, Ballot, Daynia, Reubenson, Gary, Zell, Elizabeth R., Lala, Sanjay G., and Madhi, Shabir A.
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- 2015
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16. Increased Risk for and Mortality From Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in HIV-Exposed but Uninfected Infants Aged
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Group for Enteric, Respiratory and Meningeal Disease Surveillance in South Africa (GERMS-SA), von Mollendorf, Claire, von Gottberg, Anne, Tempia, Stefano, Meiring, Susan, de Gouveia, Linda, Quan, Vanessa, Lengana, Sarona, Avenant, Theunis, du Plessis, Nicolette, Eley, Brian, Finlayson, Heather, Reubenson, Gary, Moshe, Mamokgethi, O'Brien, Katherine L., Klugman, Keith P., Whitney, Cynthia G., and Cohen, Cheryl
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- 2015
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17. Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on TB services at ART programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a multi‐cohort survey
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Marti, Mariana, Zurcher, Kathrin, Enane, Leslie A., Diero, Lameck, Marcy, Olivier, Tiendrebeogo, Kiswend-Sida Thierry, Yotebieng, Marcel, Twizere, Christelle, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Yunihastuti, Evy, Reubenson, Gary, Shah, N. Sarita, Egger, Matthias, Ballif, Marie, Fenner, Lukas, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Global Health in the Global South (GHiGS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)- Bordeaux population health (BPH), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
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Low- and middle-income countries ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,HIV Infections ,610 Medicine & health ,Antiretroviral therapy ,Infectious Diseases ,360 Social problems & social services ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Differentiated service delivery ,Humans ,Tuberculosis ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,HIV clinic ,Pandemics ,Developing Countries ,Disinfectants - Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 stretched healthcare systems to their limits, particularly in settings with a pre-existing high burden of infectious diseases, including HIV and tuberculosis (TB). We studied the impact of COVID-19 on TB services at antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS We surveyed ART clinics providing TB services in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium in Africa and the Asia-Pacific until July 2021 (TB diagnoses until the end of 2021). We collected site-level data using standardized questionnaires. RESULTS Of 46 participating ART clinics, 32 (70%) were in Africa and 14 (30%) in the Asia-Pacific; 52% provided tertiary care. Most clinics (85%) reported disrupted routine HIV care services during the pandemic, both in Africa (84%) and the Asia-Pacific (86%). The most frequently reported impacts were on staff (52%) and resource shortages (37%; protective clothing, face masks and disinfectants). Restrictions in TB health services were observed in 12 clinics (26%), mainly reduced access to TB diagnosis and postponed follow-up visits (6/12, 50% each), and restrictions in TB laboratory services (22%). Restrictions of TB services were addressed by dispensing TB drugs for longer periods than usual (7/12, 58%), providing telehealth services (3/12, 25%) and with changes in directly observed therapy (DOT) (e.g. virtual DOT, 3/12). The number of TB diagnoses at participating clinics decreased by 21% in 2020 compared to 2019; the decline was more pronounced in tertiary than primary/secondary clinics (24% vs. 12%) and in sites from the Asia-Pacific compared to Africa (46% vs. 14%). In 2021, TB diagnoses continued to decline in Africa (-8%) but not in the Asia-Pacific (+62%) compared to 2020. During the pandemic, new infection control measures were introduced or intensified at the clinics, including wearing face masks, hand sanitation and patient triage. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic led to staff shortages, reduced access to TB care and delays in follow-up visits for people with TB across IeDEA sites in Africa and the Asia-Pacific. Increased efforts are needed to restore and secure ongoing access to essential TB services in these contexts.
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- 2022
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18. Risk Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected and -Uninfected Individuals in South Africa, April 2020–March 2022: Data From Sentinel Surveillance
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Walaza, Sibongile, primary, Tempia, Stefano, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Wolter, Nicole, additional, Bhiman, Jinal N, additional, Buys, Amelia, additional, Amoako, Daniel, additional, Moosa, Fahima, additional, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Moyes, Jocelyn, additional, McMorrow, Meredith L, additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, Makhasi, Mvuyo, additional, Meiring, Susan, additional, Quan, Vanessa, additional, and Cohen, Cheryl, additional
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- 2022
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19. Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination of Pregnant Women for Prevention of Maternal and Early Infant Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in South Africa: A Prospective Test-Negative Study
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Nunes, Marta C, primary, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, Meiring, Susan, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, McMorrow, Meredith, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Rossi, Liza, additional, Itzikowitz, Raphaela, additional, Bishop, Kate, additional, Mathunjwa, Azwifarwi, additional, Wise, Amy, additional, Treurnicht, Florette K, additional, Hellferscee, Orienka, additional, Laubscher, Matt, additional, Serafin, Natali, additional, Cutland, Clare L, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, and Cohen, Cheryl, additional
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- 2022
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20. Outcomes of flucytosine-containing combination treatment for cryptococcal meningitis in a South African national access programme: a cross-sectional observational study
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Mashau, Rudzani C, primary, Meiring, Susan T, additional, Quan, Vanessa C, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Greene, Greg S, additional, Garcia, Andrea, additional, Menezes, Colin, additional, Reddy, Denasha L, additional, Venter, Michelle, additional, Stacey, Sarah, additional, Madua, Matamela, additional, Boretti, Lia, additional, Harrison, Thomas S, additional, Meintjes, Graeme, additional, Shroufi, Amir, additional, Trivino-Duran, Laura, additional, Black, John, additional, Govender, Nelesh P, additional, Abrahams, Shareef, additional, Pearce, Vanessa, additional, Moncho, Masego, additional, Wadula, Jeanette, additional, Maloba, Motlatji, additional, Hoosen, Anwar, additional, Verwey, Charl, additional, Moore, David, additional, Pombo, Dina, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Ntlemo, Grace, additional, Richards, Lauren, additional, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, additional, Tsitsi, Merika, additional, Moshe, Moamokgethi, additional, Said, Mohammed, additional, Kolojane, Molebogeng, additional, Mothibi, Lesego, additional, Du Plessis, Nicolette, additional, Chomba, Rispah, additional, Thomas, Teena, additional, Avenant, Theunis, additional, Nana, Trusha, additional, Chibabhai, Vindana, additional, Maharj, Adhil, additional, Wilson, Douglas, additional, Naby, Fathima, additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, Han, Khine Swe Swe, additional, Sookan, Lisha, additional, Dlamini, Nomonde, additional, Ramajathan, Praksha, additional, Mahabeer, Prasha, additional, Bhola, Prathna, additional, Naidoo, Romola, additional, Haffejee, Sumayya, additional, Sirkar, Surendra, additional, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, additional, Hamese, Ken, additional, Sibiya, Ngoaka, additional, Mangena, Phetho, additional, Lekalakala, Ruth, additional, Hoyland, Greta, additional, Ntuli, Sindi, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, Khantsi, Ignatius, additional, Mekgoe, Omphile, additional, Brink, Adrian, additional, Prentice, Elizabeth, additional, Reddy, Kessendri, additional, Whitelaw, Andrew, additional, Hoosien, Ebrahim, additional, Zietsman, Inge, additional, Marshall, Terry, additional, Poswa, Xoliswa, additional, Govind, Chetna, additional, Smit, Juanita, additional, Pillay, Keshree, additional, Seetharam, Sharona, additional, Howell, Victoria, additional, Samuel, Catherine, additional, Senekal, Marthinus, additional, Bamford, Colleen, additional, Dreyer, Andries, additional, Marcus, Louis, additional, Lowman, Warren, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Smith, Anthony, additional, Mathunjwa, Azwifarwi, additional, d'Abreu, Cecilia, additional, Miller, Cecilia, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Ismail, Farzana, additional, Moultrie, Harry, additional, Ismail, Husna, additional, Weyer, Jacqueline, additional, Kleynhans, Jackie, additional, Rossouw, Jenny, additional, Frean, John, additional, Ebonwu, Joy, additional, Mwansa-Kambafwile, Judith, additional, Thomas, Juno, additional, Bishop, Kate, additional, McCarthy, Kerrigan, additional, Shuping, Liliwe, additional, de Gouveia, Linda, additional, Erasmus, Linda, additional, Puren, Adrian, additional, Blumberg, Lucille, additional, Smith, Marshagne, additional, Makgoba, Martha, additional, Groome, Michelle, additional, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Ngomane, Mimmy, additional, Manaka, Mokupi, additional, Moremi, Myra, additional, Ismail, Nazir, additional, Legare, Neo, additional, Page, Nicola, additional, Hoho, Nombulelo, additional, Perovic, Olga, additional, Sekwadi, Phuti, additional, Magobo, Rindidzani, additional, Mpembe, Ruth, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, Dlamini, Siyanda, additional, Njikho, Sunnieboy, additional, Lebaka, Tiisetso, additional, and Ngubane, Wendy, additional
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- 2022
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21. Effectiveness of 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Children in South Africa: A Matched Case-Control Study
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South African Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Case-Control Study Group, Cohen, Cheryl, von Mollendorf, Claire, de Gouveia, Linda, Naidoo, Nireshni, Meiring, Susan, Quan, Vanessa, Nokeri, Vusi, Smit, Melony Fortuin-de, Malope-Kgokong, Babatyi, Moore, David, Reubenson, Gary, Moshe, Mamokgethi, Madhi, Shabir A., Eley, Brian, Hallbauer, Ute, Kularatne, Ranmini, Conklin, Laura, O'Brien, Katherine L., Zell, Elizabeth R., Klugman, Keith, Whitney, Cynthia G., and von Gottberg, Anne
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- 2014
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22. International Pediatric COVID-19 Severity Over the Course of the Pandemic
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Zhu, Yanshan, Almeida, Flávia Jacqueline, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Bowen, Asha C., Britton, Philip N., Brizuela, Martin Eduardo, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burgner, David, Chew, Keng Yih, Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya, Cohen, Cheryl, Cormier, Stephania A., Crawford, Nigel, Curtis, Nigel, Farias, Camila G. A., Gilks, Charles F., von Gottberg, Anne, Hamer, Diana, Jarovsky, Daniel, Jassat, Waasila, Jesus, Ana Rita, Kemp, Lisa S., Khumcha, Benjawan, McCallum, Georgina, Miller, Jessica E., Morello, Rosa, Munro, Alasdair P. S., Openshaw, Peter J. M., Padmanabhan, Srivatsan, Phongsamart, Wanatpreeya, Reubenson, Gary, Ritz, Nicole, Rodrigues, Fernanda, Rungmaitree, Supattra, Russell, Fiona, Sáfadi, Marco A. P., Saner, Christoph, Semple, Malcolm G., Prado da Silva, Daniella Gregória Bomfim, de Sousa, Laíse Marine Moura, Diogo Moço Souza, Marília, Spann, Kirsten, Walaza, Sibongile, Wolter, Nicole, Xia, Yao, Yeoh, Daniel K., Zar, Heather J., Zimmermann, Petra, and Short, Kirsty R.
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IMPORTANCE: Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged over the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications for COVID-19 severity in children worldwide are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the dominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) were associated with differences in COVID-19 severity among hospitalized children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Clinical data from hospitalized children and adolescents (younger than 18 years) who were SARS-CoV-2 positive were obtained from 9 countries (Australia, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, UK, and the US) during 3 different time frames. Time frames 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 3 (T3) were defined to represent periods of dominance by the ancestral virus, pre-Omicron VOCs, and Omicron, respectively. Age groups for analysis were younger than 6 months, 6 months to younger than 5 years, and 5 to younger than 18 years. Children with an incidental positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 were excluded. EXPOSURES: SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization during the stipulated time frame. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The severity of disease was assessed by admission to intensive care unit (ICU), the need for ventilatory support, or oxygen therapy. RESULTS: Among 31 785 hospitalized children and adolescents, the median age was 4 (IQR 1-12) years and 16 639 were male (52.3%). In children younger than 5 years, across successive SARS-CoV-2 waves, there was a reduction in ICU admission (T3 vs T1: risk ratio [RR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42-0.75 [younger than 6 months]; RR, 0.61, 95% CI; 0.47-0.79 [6 months to younger than 5 years]), but not ventilatory support or oxygen therapy. In contrast, ICU admission (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.39, 95% CI, 0.32-0.48), ventilatory support (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27-0.51), and oxygen therapy (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.70) decreased across SARS-CoV-2 waves in children 5 years to younger than 18 years old. The results were consistent when data were restricted to unvaccinated children. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study provides valuable insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized children across different age groups and countries, suggesting that while ICU admissions decreased across the pandemic in all age groups, ventilatory and oxygen support generally did not decrease over time in children aged younger than 5 years. These findings highlight the importance of considering different pediatric age groups when assessing disease severity in COVID-19.
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- 2023
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23. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 among HIV-infected and-uninfected individuals in South Africa, April 2020- March 2022 – data from sentinel surveillance
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Walaza, Sibongile, primary, Tempia, Stefano, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Wolter, Nicole, additional, Bhiman, Jinal N., additional, Buys, Amelia, additional, Amoako, Daniel, additional, Moosa, Fahima, additional, Plessis, Mignon du, additional, Moyes, Jocelyn, additional, McMorrow, Meredith L., additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, Makhasi, Mvuyo, additional, Meiring, Susan, additional, Quan, Vanessa, additional, and Cohen, Cheryl, additional
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- 2022
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24. Integrating services for HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A global cross-sectional survey among ART clinics in low- and middle-income countries
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Zürcher, Kathrin, Cox, Samyra R, Ballif, Marie, Enane, Leslie A, Marcy, Olivier, Yotebieng, Marcel, Reubenson, Gary, Imsanguan, Worarat, Otero, Larissa, Suryavanshi, Nishi, Duda, Stephany N, Egger, Matthias, Tornheim, Jeffrey A, and Fenner, Lukas
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360 Social problems & social services ,360 Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste ,610 Medicine & health ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among PLHIV and multidrug-resistant-TB (MDR-TB) is associated with high mortality. We examined the management for adult PLHIV coinfected with MDR-TB at ART clinics in lower income countries. Between 2019 and 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey at 29 ART clinics in high TB burden countries within the global IeDEA network. We used structured questionnaires to collect clinic-level data on the TB and HIV services and the availability of diagnostic tools and treatment for MDR-TB. Of 29 ART clinics, 25 (86%) were in urban areas and 19 (66%) were tertiary care clinics. Integrated HIV-TB services were reported at 25 (86%) ART clinics for pan-susceptible TB, and 14 (48%) clinics reported full MDR-TB services on-site, i.e. drug susceptibility testing [DST] and MDR-TB treatment. Some form of DST was available on-site at 22 (76%) clinics, while the remainder referred testing off-site. On-site DST for second-line drugs was available at 9 (31%) clinics. MDR-TB treatment was delivered on-site at 15 (52%) clinics, with 10 individualizing treatment based on DST results and five using standardized regimens alone. Bedaquiline was routinely available at 5 (17%) clinics and delamanid at 3 (10%) clinics. Although most ART clinics reported having integrated HIV and TB services, few had fully integrated MDR-TB services. There is a continued need for increased access to diagnostic and treatment options for MDR-TB patients and better integration of MDR-TB services into the HIV care continuum.
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- 2022
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25. Implementation of 'Treat‐all' at adult HIV care and treatment sites in the Global IeDEA Consortium: results from the Site Assessment Survey
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Brazier, Ellen, Maruri, Fernanda, Duda, Stephany N., Tymejczyk, Olga, Wester, C William, Somi, Geoffrey, Ross, Jeremy, Freeman, Aimee, Cornell, Morna, Poda, Armel, Musick, Beverly S., Zhang, Fujie, Althoff, Keri N., Mugglin, Catrina, Kimmel, April D., Yotebieng, Marcel, Nash, Denis, Karminia, Azar, Sohn, Annette H., Allen, Debbie, Bloch, Mark, Boyd, Susan, Brown, Katherine, Costa, Jess, Donohue, William, Gunathilake, Manoji, Hoy, Jennifer, Macrae, Karen, Moore, Richard, Roth, Norman, Rowling, Diane, Silvers, Julie, Smith, David J., Sowden, David, Templeton, David, Varma, Rick, Woolley, Ian, Youds, David, Meng, Somanithd Chhay, Vannary, Bun, Chan, Yun Ting, Lam, Wilson, Lee, Man Po, Ning, Han, Pansy, Yu Po Chu, Kumarasamy, N., Pujari, Sanjay, Kurniati, Nia, Merati, Tuti Parwati, Muktiarti, Dina, Parwata, Wayan Sandhi, Ratni, Made, Sukmawati, Ni Made Dewi Dian, Vedaswari, Dian Sulistya Putu Diah, Wati, Ketut Dewi Kumara, Yunihastuty, Evy, Tanuma, Junko, Mills, Graham, Raymond, Nigel, Ditangco, Rossana, Papa, Ohnmar Seinn, Tek, Ng Oon, Azwa, Raja, Daud, Fauziah, Juin, Wong Ke, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba Binti, Khairulddin, Nik, Li, Chong Meng, Moy, Fong Siew, Shah, Raja Iskandar, Shyan, Wong Peng, Sim, Benedict, Thahira, Jamal Mohamed, Tuang, Koh Mia, Yusoff, Nik, Choi, Jun Yong, Chan, Yu?Jiun, Huang, Chih?Sheng, Wing?Wai, Wong, Avihingsanon, Anchalee, Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya, Hansudewechakul, Rawiwan, Khumcha, Benjhawan, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin, Lumbiganon, Pagakrong, Maleesatharn, Alan, Praparattanapan, Jutarat, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Sricharoenchai, Sirintip, Sudjaritruk, Tavitiya, Watanaporn, Suporn, An, Vu Thien, Cuong, Do Duy, H?ng, Bùi Thu, Huy, Bùi V?, Quy, Du Tuan, Van, Lam Nguyen, Baragunzwa, Agathomfue, Gakima, Dévote, Ingabire, Gloria, Kankinoi, Floride, Manyundo, Risase Scholastique, Misago, Celestin, Nahimana, Thierry, Nimbona, Pélagie, Ntirampeba, Felicite, Twizere, Christella, Ajeh, Rogers, Djenabou, Amadou, Dzudie, Anastase, Ewanoge, Alice Ndelle, Tchassem, Edmond, Bampapa, Therese, Lelo, Patricia, Kitetele, Faustin, Paul, Marie, Tytyna, Amida, Akolbout, Maryse, Bitsindou, Parfait, Diafouka, Merlin, Mafoua, Adolphe, Mahinga, Nadine, Moudila, Ella, Moutoula, Antoinette, Ndala, Ulrich, Nsonde, Dominique Mahambou, Ayinkamiye, Josephine, Dusabe, Chantal, Hakizimana, Theogene, Mbaraga, Gilbert, Mukamana, Joyce, Mukantwali, Sandrine, Munyaneza, Athanase, Murangwa, Anthere, Musenguwera, J. Claude, Ngutegure, Marie Immanculee, Ntarambirwa, Fidele, Nyiransabimana, Diane, Sinayobye, Jean D'Amour, Tuyishimire, Yvonne, Uwamahoro, Olive, Viateur, Habumuremyi, Vincent, Sugira, Kuhn, Yee Yee, Musick, Beverly, Rodriguez, Israel, Wools?Kaloustian, Kara, Yiannoutsos, Constantin, Akajoroit, Esinasi, Ariya, Peter, Atsimale, Meshack, Barua, Zeruya, Busaka, Oscar, Bukusi, Elizabeth, Chebor, Valentine, Chemweno, Timothy, Chirchir, John, Esendi, Lameck Diero Sagida, Fwamba, Aisha, Mmella, Anne, Githumbi, Eunice, Hussein, Marcia Nasimiyu, Kandie, Xavier, Kemunto, Martha, Khaemba, Elizabeth, Kipchumba, Mary, Koech, Emily, Kosgei, Caroline, Laundrick, Barasa, Merongo, Ruth, Mochotto, Patricia, Munyisi, Consolata, Ndakalu, Lilian, Ochieng, William Okoth, Odalo, Paul, Okumu, Wicklife, Omari, Lilian, Omondi, Alphoce, Osia, Lydia, Owino, Magret, Oyoo, Maureen, Pepela, Doris, Rono, Millicent, Simon, Omar, Tenge, Angie, Too, Mary, Toto, Modesta, Towett, Cathrine, Wawire, Kennedy, Kimambo, Mensaria, Kinyota, Ester, Lyamuya, Rita, Mathias, Julia, Mfuko, Athuman Ramadhan, Michael, Denna, Ngonyani, Kapella Zacharia, Nyaga, Charles, Somi, G.R., Urassa, Mark S., Batte, James, Bwana, Mwebesa Bosco, Castelnuovo, Barbara, Kanyesigye, Michael, Kisakye, Alice, Nalugoda, Fred, Semuwemba, Haruna, Ssali, John, Ssemakadde, Matthew, Castilho, Jessica, Cesar, Carina, De Alencastro, Paulo Ricardo, Barbosa, Eduardo Luiz, Brites, Carlos, Caricol, Renata, Carmo, Fabiana Bononi Do, Coelho, Lara Esteves, Escuder, Maria Mercedes, Estevam, Denize Lotufo, Ferreira, Flavia Gomes Faleiro, Gonçalves, Alexandre, Gouvêa, Aída Barbosa, Ikeda, Maria Leticia Rodrigues, Kalichman, Artur O., Machado, Daisy Maria, Queiroz, Simone, Souza, Rosa, Succi, Regina Célia, Trindade, Kátia Valeska, Tupinambás, Unai, Wolff, Marcelo, Rouzier, Vanessa, Padgett, Denis, Crabtree, Brenda, Martin, Carlos Eduardo Verne, Mejia, Fernando, Chang, Benny, Done, Brenda, Gabe, Larry, Gill, John, Gough, Kevin, Howlett, Gail, Klein, Marin, Latendre?Paquette, Judy, Leung, Victor, Macphee, Paul, Macpherson, P., Maharaj, Raj, Medina, Lorna Carrasco, Page, Suzanne, Pexos, Costas, Rachlis, Anita, Salters, Kate, Sterling, Sherine, Boswell, Stephen, Burkholder, Greer, Cesteros, Gisela, Chagaris, Kalliope, Franklin, Rosa, Fuhrer, Jack, Gilbert, Cynthia L., Goetz, Matthew, Grasso, Chris, Horberg, Michael, Hunter?Mellado, Robert F., Kell, Rita, Kitahata, Mari, Klein, Daniel, Levine, Ken, Marconi, Vincent, Mathews, Christopher, Mayor, Angel M., Mcgowan, Catherine, Napravnik, Sonia, Novak, Richard, Oursler, Kris Ann, Ramos, Shellier, Rodriguez, Benigno, Rodriguez, Maria C., Silverberg, Michael, Simberkoff, Michael S., Varshney, Mohit, Ward, Douglas, Widick, Barb, Yangco, Bienvenido G., Davies, Mary?Ann, Smith, Lilian, Von Groote, Per Maximilian, Muhairwe, Josephine, Balakasi, Steve, Banda, Quietus, Kalepa, Getrude, Bello, Andrew, Bulla, J.W., Chigeda, Maria, Chikaphupha, Joyce, Chikwekwere, Flora, Kachoka, Jack, Kapito, Allan, Katondo, Alinafe Nathan, Kumwenda, Molly, Labein, Felix Phewa, Magombo, Ronald, Malumbe, Bridget, Makuwira, I., Marico, Patricia, Masangale, Betha, Mchiela, Angella, Midian, Dan, Phiri, Kezia, Tambe, Mary, Thomas, Baid, Thomson, Charles, Hector, Jonas, Cross, Anna, Dlamini, Siphephelo, Eley, Brian, Euvrard, Jonathan, Fatti, Geoffrey, Hilderbrand, Katherine, Hsiao, Marvin, Mpye, Michael, Prozesky, Hans, Reubenson, Gary, Rose, Lesley, Sawry, Shobna, Sibambo, Nosisa, Technau, Karl, Vinikoor, Michael, Chimbetete, Cleophas, Kamenova, Kamelia, Balestre, Eric, Leroy, Valeriane, Malasteste, Karen, Djimon, Marcel Zannou, D' Almeida, Marcelline, Hounhoui, Ghislaine, Assogba, Michee, Zoungrana, Jacques, Yaméogo, Issouf, Tapsoba, Achille, Abdelh, Sidibé, Bosse, Clarisse Amani, Diabaté, Mamoudou, Eboua, Tanoh Kassi François, Folquet, Madeleine Amorissani, Hawelander, Denise, Konaté, Mamadou, Kouakou, Kouadio, Lambert, Dohoun, Minga, Albert Kla, N'Gbeche, Marie Sylvie, Tanon, Aristophane, Yao, Abo, Renner, Lorna, N'Diaye, Clémentine, Berthé, Mme Alima, Seydi, Moussa, Tine, Judicaël, Elom, Takassi Ounoo, Kariylare, Benjamin, and Patassi, Akessiwe
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Public health administration -- Evaluation ,HIV infection -- Diagnosis -- Drug therapy ,Health - Abstract
: Introduction: Since 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that all people living with HIV (PLHIV) initiate antiretroviral treatment (ART), irrespective of CD4+ count or clinical stage. National adoption of universal treatment has accelerated since WHO's 2015 “Treat All” recommendation; however, little is known about the translation of this guidance into practice. This study aimed to assess the status of Treat All implementation across regions, countries, and levels of the health care delivery system. Methods: Between June and December 2017, 201/221 (91%) adult HIV treatment sites that participate in the global IeDEA research consortium completed a survey on capacity and practices related to HIV care. Located in 41 countries across seven geographic regions, sites provided information on the status and timing of site‐level introduction of Treat All, as well as site‐level practices related to ART initiation. Results: Almost all sites (93%) reported that they had begun implementing Treat All, and there were no statistically significant differences in site‐level Treat All introduction by health facility type, urban/rural location, sector (public/private) or country income level. The median time between national policy adoption and site‐level introduction was one month. In countries where Treat All was not yet adopted in national guidelines, 69% of sites reported initiating all patients on ART, regardless of clinical criteria, and these sites had been implementing Treat All for a median period of seven months at the time of the survey. The majority of sites (77%) reported typically initiating patients on ART within 14 days of confirming diagnosis, with 60% to 62% of sites implementing Treat All in East, Southern and West Africa reporting same‐day ART initiation for most patients. Conclusions: By mid‐ to late‐2017, the Treat All strategy was the standard of care at almost all IeDEA sites, including rural, primary‐level health facilities in low‐resource settings. While further assessments of site‐level capacity to provide high‐quality HIV care under Treat All and to support sustained viral suppression after ART initiation are needed, the widespread introduction of Treat All at the service delivery level is a critical step towards global targets for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat., Introduction WHO's 2015 recommendation for immediate treatment of all PLHIV, regardless of CD4+ cell count, represented a paradigm shift in HIV care and treatment. By preventing morbidity and mortality among [...]
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- 2019
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26. Changing Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents Over Four Successive Epidemic Waves in South Africa, 2020-2022
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Chiwandire, Nicola, primary, Jassat, Waasila, additional, Groome, Michelle, additional, Kufa, Tendesayi, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, Wolter, Nicole, additional, Von Gottberg, Ann, additional, Zar, Heather, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Ebonwu, Joy, additional, Govender, Nevashan, additional, Ntshoe, Genevie, additional, Shonhiwa, Andronica M., additional, Blumberg, Lucille, additional, and Cohen, Cheryl, additional
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- 2022
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27. Early treatment outcomes and HIV status of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study
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Dheda, Keertan, Shean, Karen, Zumla, Alimuddin, Badri, Motasim, Streicher, Elizabeth M, Page-Shipp, Liesl, Willcox, Paul, John, Melanie-Anne, Reubenson, Gary, Govindasamy, Darshini, Wong, Michelle, Padanilam, Xavier, Dziwiecki, Alicia, van Helden, Paul D, Siwendu, Sweetness, Jarand, Julie, Menezes, Colin N, Burns, Avril, Victor, Thomas, Warren, Robin, Grobusch, Martin P, van der Walt, Martie, and Kvasnovsky, Charlotte
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- 2010
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28. Detection of Victoria lineage influenza B viruses with K162 and N163 deletions in the hemagglutinin gene, South Africa, 2018
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Hellferscee, Orienka, primary, Treurnicht, Florette, additional, Gaelejwe, Lucinda, additional, Moerdyk, Alexandra, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, McMorrow, Meredith, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, McAnerney, Johanna, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, Wolter, Nicole, additional, Gottberg, Anne, additional, and Cohen, Cheryl, additional
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- 2021
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29. Decline of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus detection in facility-based surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic, South Africa, January to October 2020
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Tempia, Stefano, primary, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, Bhiman, Jinal N, additional, McMorrow, Meredith L, additional, Moyes, Jocelyn, additional, Mkhencele, Thulisa, additional, Meiring, Susan, additional, Quan, Vanessa, additional, Bishop, Kate, additional, McAnerney, Johanna M, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Wolter, Nicole, additional, Du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Treurnicht, Florette K, additional, Hellferscee, Orienka, additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, Naby, Fathima, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, Siwele, Comfort, additional, Baute, Neydis, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, and Cohen, Cheryl, additional
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- 2021
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30. Pediatric Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Global Perspective
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Reubenson, Gary
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- 2011
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31. Trends in RPR Seropositivity among Children Younger than 2 Years in South Africa, 2010–2019
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Mathebula, Rudzani, primary, Kuonza, Lazarus, additional, Musekiwa, Alfred, additional, Kularatne, Ranmini, additional, Puren, Adrian, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Sherman, Gayle, additional, and Kufa, Tendesayi, additional
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- 2021
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32. South African Society of Clinical Microbiology Clostridioides difficile infection diagnosis, management and infection prevention and control guideline
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Nana, Trusha, primary, Moore, Chanelle, additional, Boyles, Tom, additional, Brink, Adrian J., additional, Cleghorn, Joy, additional, Devenish, Lesley M., additional, du Toit, Briette, additional, Fredericks, Ernst S., additional, Lekalakala-Mokaba, Molebogeng R., additional, Maluleka, Caroline, additional, Rajabally, Muhammad N., additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Shuping, Liliwe, additional, Swart, Karin, additional, Swe Han, Khine Swe, additional, Wadula, Jeannette, additional, Wojno, Justyna, additional, and Lowman, Warren, additional
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- 2020
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33. Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Stools in Young Children by Use of a Novel Centrifugation-Free Processing Method
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Walters, Elisabetta, Scott, Lesley, Nabeta, Pamela, Demers, Anne-Marie, Reubenson, Gary, Bosch, Corné, David, Anura, van der Zalm, Marieke, Havumaki, Joshua, Palmer, Megan, Hesseling, Anneke C., Ncayiyana, Jabulani, Stevens, Wendy, Alland, David, Denkinger, Claudia, and Banada, Padmapriya
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Male ,diagnosis ,Infant ,Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes ,HIV Infections ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Specimen Handling ,Feces ,South Africa ,children ,tuberculosis ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Child, Preschool ,Nasopharynx ,Humans ,Female ,stool ,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - Abstract
The microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging, as it relies on the collection of relatively invasive specimens by trained health care workers, which is not feasible in many settings. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is detectable from the stools of children using molecular methods, but processing stool specimens is resource intensive., The microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging, as it relies on the collection of relatively invasive specimens by trained health care workers, which is not feasible in many settings. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is detectable from the stools of children using molecular methods, but processing stool specimens is resource intensive. We evaluated a novel, simple, centrifugation-free processing method for stool specimens for use on the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert), using two different stool masses: 0.6 g and a swab sample. Two hundred eighty children (median age, 15.5 months; 35 [12.5%] HIV infected) with suspected intrathoracic TB were enrolled from two sites in South Africa. Compared to a single Xpert test on respiratory specimens, the sensitivity of Xpert on stools using the 0.6-g and swab samples was 44.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.7 to 78.8%) for both methods, with a specificity of >99%. The combined sensitivities of two stool tests versus the first respiratory Xpert were 70.0% (95% CI, 34.8 to 93.3) and 50.0% (95% CI, 18.7 to 81.3) for the 0.6-g and swab sample, respectively. Retesting stool specimens with nondeterminate Xpert results improved nondeterminate rates from 9.3% to 3.9% and from 8.6% to 4.3% for 0.6-g and swab samples, respectively. Overall, stool Xpert detected 14/94 (14.9%) children who initiated antituberculosis treatment, while respiratory specimens detected 23/94 (24.5%). This stool processing method is well suited for settings with low capacity for respiratory specimen collection. However, the overall sensitivity to detect confirmed and clinical TB was lower than that of respiratory specimens. More sensitive rapid molecular assays are needed to improve the utility of stools for the diagnosis of intrathoracic TB in children from resource-limited settings.
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- 2018
34. Towards understanding global patterns of antimicrobial use and resistance in neonatal sepsis: insights from the NeoAMR network
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Li, Grace, primary, Bielicki, Julia Anna, additional, Ahmed, A S M Nawshad Uddin, additional, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, additional, Berezin, Eitan Naaman, additional, Gallacci, Clery B, additional, Guinsburg, Ruth, additional, da Silva Figueiredo, Carlos Eduardo, additional, Santarone Vieira, Rosilene, additional, Silva, Andre Ricardo, additional, Teixeira, Cristiane, additional, Turner, Paul, additional, Nhan, Ladin, additional, Orrego, Jaime, additional, Pérez, Paola Marsela, additional, Qi, Lifeng, additional, Papaevangelou, Vassiliki, additional, Triantafyllidou, Pinelope, additional, Iosifidis, Elias, additional, Roilides, Emmanuel, additional, Sarafidis, Kosmas, additional, Jinka, Dasaratha Ramaiah, additional, Nayakanti, Raghuprakash Reddy, additional, Kumar, Praveen, additional, Gautam, Vikas, additional, Prakash, Vinayagam, additional, Seeralar, Arasar, additional, Murki, Srinivas, additional, Kandraju, Hemasree, additional, Singh, Sanjeev, additional, Kumar, Anil, additional, Lewis, Leslie, additional, Pukayastha, Jayashree, additional, Nangia, Sushma, additional, K N, Yogesha, additional, Chaurasia, Suman, additional, Chellani, Harish, additional, Obaro, Stephen, additional, Dramowski, Angela, additional, Bekker, Adrie, additional, Whitelaw, Andrew, additional, Thomas, Reenu, additional, Velaphi, Sithembiso Christopher, additional, Ballot, Daynia Elizabeth, additional, Nana, Trusha, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Fredericks, Joy, additional, Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn, additional, Sirisub, Anongnart, additional, Wong, Pimol, additional, Lochindarat, Sorasak, additional, Boonkasidecha, Suppawat, additional, Preedisripipat, Kanchana, additional, Cressey, Tim R, additional, Paopongsawan, Pongsatorn, additional, Lumbiganon, Pagakrong, additional, Pongpanut, Dounghatai, additional, Sukrakanchana, Pra-ornsuda, additional, Musoke, Philippa, additional, Olson, Linus, additional, Larsson, Mattias, additional, Heath, Paul T, additional, and Sharland, Michael, additional
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- 2019
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35. High prevalence of childhood multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Johannesburg, South Africa: a cross sectional study
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Beylis Natalie C, Fairlie Lee, Reubenson Gary, Moore David P, and Madhi Shabir A
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background There are limited data on the prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), estimated at 0.6-6.7%, in African children with tuberculosis. We undertook a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of MDR-TB in children with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) at two hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods Culture-confirmed cases of MTB in children under 14 years, attending two academic hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa during 2008 were identified and hospital records of children diagnosed with drug-resistant TB were reviewed, including clinical and radiological outcomes at 6 and 12 months post-diagnosis. Culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) was performed using the automated liquid broth MGIT™ 960 method. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed using the MGIT™ 960 method for both first and second-line anti-TB drugs. Results 1317 children were treated for tuberculosis in 2008 between the two hospitals where the study was conducted. Drug susceptibility testing was undertaken in 148 (72.5%) of the 204 children who had culture-confirmed tuberculosis. The prevalence of isoniazid-resistance was 14.2% (n = 21) (95%CI, 9.0-20.9%) and the prevalence of MDR-TB 8.8% (n = 13) (95%CI, 4.8-14.6%). The prevalence of HIV co-infection was 52.1% in children with drug susceptible-TB and 53.9% in children with MDR-TB. Ten (76.9%) of the 13 children with MDR-TB received appropriate treatment and four (30.8%) died at a median of 2.8 months (range 0.1-4.0 months) after the date of tuberculosis investigation. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children in Johannesburg in a setting with a high prevalence of HIV co-infection, although no association between HIV infection and MDR-TB was found in this study. Routine HIV and drug-susceptibility testing is warranted to optimize the management of childhood tuberculosis in settings such as ours.
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- 2011
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36. Site Variability in Regulatory Oversight for an International Study of Pediatric Sepsis.
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UCL - SSS/IREC/PEDI - Pôle de Pédiatrie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de soins intensifs, Michelson, Kelly N, Reubenson, Gary, Weiss, Scott L, Fitzgerald, Julie C, Ackerman, Kate K, Christie, LeeAnn, Bush, Jenny L, Nadkarni, Vinay M, Thomas, Neal J, Schreiner, Mark S, Sepsis Prevalence, Outcomes, and Therapy (SPROUT) Study Investigators, Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network, Clément de Cléty, Stéphan, Dujardin Marie-France, Berghe, Caroline, Renard, Suzanne, UCL - SSS/IREC/PEDI - Pôle de Pédiatrie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de soins intensifs, Michelson, Kelly N, Reubenson, Gary, Weiss, Scott L, Fitzgerald, Julie C, Ackerman, Kate K, Christie, LeeAnn, Bush, Jenny L, Nadkarni, Vinay M, Thomas, Neal J, Schreiner, Mark S, Sepsis Prevalence, Outcomes, and Therapy (SPROUT) Study Investigators, Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network, Clément de Cléty, Stéphan, Dujardin Marie-France, Berghe, Caroline, and Renard, Suzanne
- Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Duplicative institutional review board/research ethics committee review for multicenter studies may impose administrative burdens and inefficiencies affecting study implementation and quality. Understanding variability in site-specific institutional review board/research ethics committee assessment and barriers to using a single review committee (an increasingly proposed solution) can inform a more efficient process. We provide needed data about the regulatory oversight process for the Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies multicenter point prevalence study. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Sites invited to participate in Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies. SUBJECTS: Investigators at sites that expressed interest and/or participated in Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Using an electronic survey, we collected data about 1) logistics of protocol submission, 2) institutional review board/research ethics committee requested modifications, and 3) use of a single institutional review board (for U.S. sites). We collected surveys from 104 of 167 sites (62%). Of the 97 sites that submitted the protocol for institutional review board/research ethics committee review, 34% conducted full board review, 54% expedited review, and 4% considered the study exempt. Time to institutional review board/research ethics committee approval required a median of 34 (range 3-186) days, which took longer at sites that required protocol modifications (median [interquartile range] 50 d [35-131 d] vs 32 d [14-54 d)]; p = 0.02). Enrollment was delayed at eight sites due to prolonged (> 50 d) time to approval. Of 49 U.S. sites, 43% considered using a single institutional review board, but only 18% utilized this option. Time to final approval for U.S. sites using the single institutional review board was 62 days (interquartile range, 34-70 d) compared with 34 days (interquartile range, 15-54 d) for nonsingle institutional
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- 2018
37. Risk factors for COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in a high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence setting in South Africa: a cohort study
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Jassat, Waasila, Cohen, Cheryl, Tempia, Stefano, Masha, Maureen, Goldstein, Susan, Kufa, Tendesayi, Murangandi, Pelagia, Savulescu, Dana, Walaza, Sibongile, Bam, Jamy-Lee, Davies, Mary-Ann, Prozesky, Hans W, Naude, Jonathan, Mnguni, Ayanda T, Lawrence, Charlene A, Mathema, Hlengani T, Zamparini, Jarrod, Black, John, Mehta, Ruchika, Parker, Arifa, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Dawood, Halima, Muvhango, Ntshengedzeni, Strydom, Riaan, Adelekan, Tsholofelo, Mdlovu, Bhekizizwe, Moodley, Nirvasha, Namavhandu, Eunice L, Rheeder, Paul, Venturas, Jacqueline, Magula, Nombulelo, Blumberg, Lucille, Abdullah, Shaina, Abrahams, Fiona, Adams, Vincentius, Adnane, Fhima, Adoni, Sonia, Adoons, Dieketso Melitta, Africa, Veronique, Aguinaga, D, Akach, Susan, Alakram Khelawon, Prisha, Aldrich, George, Alesinloye, Olatunde, Aletta, Mathale Biniki, Alice, Mametja, Aphane, Tebogo, Archary, Moherndran, Arends, Felicity, Arends, Shireen, Aser, Munonde, Asmal, T, Asvat, Mohammed, Avenant, Theunis, Avhazwivhoni, Muvhali, Azuike, Magnolia, Baartman, Johanna, Babalwa, Dlava, Badenhorst, Johan, Badenhorst, Miranda, Badripersad, Bianca, Badul, Lalihla, Bagananeng, M, Bahle, Mncedisi, Balfour, Liezl, Balfour, Liezl, Baloyi, T C, Baloyi, S, Baloyi, Tinyiko, Baloyi, Tshepo Mpho, Banda, Thokozani, Barit, Shimon, Bartsch, Nicole, Bayat, Junaid, Bazana, Siyabulela, Beetge, Marlene, Beetge, Marlene, Bekapezulu, Nosindiso, Belebele, Rammala, Bella, Phala, Belot, Zanenkululeko, Bembe, Lindi Gladys, Bensch, Sonja, Beukes, Gishma, Bezuidenhout, Karla, Bhembe, Themba, Bikisha, N A, Bilenge, Ben, Bishop, Leesa, Biyela, Baphamandla, Blaauw, Cyntheola, Blaylock, Mark, Bodley, Nicola, Bogale, Power, Bokolo, Sibongile, Bolon, Stefan, Booysen, Mary, Booysen, Eldereze, Boretti, Lia, Borges, Paula, Boshoga, Millicent, Bosman, Natasha, Bosvark, Lucinda, Botes, Nicky, Botha, Adele, Botha, Chantall, Botha, Jana, botha, Chantall, Botha, Mandlakayise Irvin, Botha, Alet, Bradbury, Janet, Breakfast, Zandisile, Breed, Maria, Brenda, Molele, Brice, Moshito, Britz, Jolene, Brown, Amanda, Buchanan, T, Bucwa, Thozama, Burger, Crystelle, Busakwe, Ziyanda, Bushula, Nosiviwe, Buthelezi, Zinhle, Buthelezi, Dumsile, Buthelezi, Thubelihle, Buthelezi, Mpumelelo Basil, Buthelezi, Fundiswa Lidwina, Bux, Nadia, Buys, Christoff, Buys, Anneline, Caka, Ernestina, Canal, Armando Sanchez, Caroline, Sithole, Casper, Monrick, Cawood, Shannon, Cebisa, Oratile, Cele, Nothando, Cele, Sboniso, Cele, Sthembile Goodness, Chauke, Mkhacani, Chauke, Pinkie, Chelin, Nevil, Chen, Xiaohui, Chetty, Venmalla, Chetty, Kerisse, Cheu, Christinah, Chibabhai, Vindana, Chirima, Takudzwa, ChisaleMabotja, Mantwa, Chivenge, Charity, Choene, Ngoasheng, Choko, Mbali Nosisa, Choshi, Martin, Chowdhury, Sabbir, Christoforou, Anastacia, Chuene, S L S, Chueu, T S, Cilliers, Dale, Cilliers, Vanessa, Claassen, Marcel, Cloete, Jeané, Coelho, Chantelle, Coelho, Chantelle, Coetzee, Carol, Coetzee, Hans Jurgens, Coetzee, Christine, Coetzee, Marelize, Coetzer, Dane, Coka, Sizwe, Colane, M, Combrink, Herkulaas, Conjwa, Songezo, Contrad, Colleen, Cornelissen, Faith, Cronje, Leezelle, Crouse, Christine, Dabi, Tshidi, Dandala, Ziyanda, Dangor, Ziyaad, Daniel, Gildenhuys, Daniel, Ngwana, Daumas, Alfred, Dauth, Madelein, David, Mongalo, Davids, Wayne, Daweti, Nozuko, Dawood, Halima, Dayile, Wandisa, De Bruin, B, De Klerk, Karin, De la Rosa, Tanya, de Nysschen, Marice, De vos, Marie, De Wet, Darien, Debising, Mohith, Deenadayalu, Darshan, Dekeda, Babalwa, Desiree, Mofokeng, Deysel, Annelise, Dhlamini, Abram, Diala, Makgethwa Dhlala, Diale, Mathapelo, Diketane, Bella, Dingani, Nosisa, Diniso, Siyabonga, Diphatse, Lesego, Diya, Anele, Dladla, Zihloniphile, Dladla, Nompumelelo, Dladla, Mlungisi, Dladla, Patience, Dlamini, Baphilie, Dlamini, Nonhlanhla, Dlamini, Linda, Dlamini, Nonzwakazi, Dlamini, Wendy, Dlamini, Ncomeka, Dlamini, Siyabonga, Dlamini, Nicodemus, Dlamini, Lebohang, Dlamini, Motshedise, Dlava, Babalwa Christine, Dlova, Phikiwe, Dlozi, Lindiwe, Doreen, Maenetja, Doyi, Vumile, Doyi, Athini, Du Plessis, Belinda, du Plessis, Johanna Aletta, du Plessis, Eddie, du Plessis, Nicolette, du Plessis, Karin, du Toit, Briette, du Toit, Narissa, Dube, Jabulile, Dubula, Athayanda, Duduzile, Msomi, Duiker, Sechaba, Duma, Unati Bongile, Duma, Kholiwe, Dunne, Kella, Dyantyi, Kholeka, Dyantyi, Avile, Dyasi, Simphiwe, Dyondzo, Chauke, Dyubhele, Phelisa, Dywili, B J, Edwards, Letitia, Eksteen, Madie, Ellis, Tersia, Ellis, Tia, Emmerson, Glenda, Enslin, Theusia, Epule, Odimula, Erasmus, Lana, Erick, Mathonsi, Etsane, Lerato, Eunice, Shimange, Fani, Zanele, Ferreira, Mariette, Finger-Motsepe, K L, Floris, Fabion, Fobo, Tseko, Fokotsane, Keresemetse, Fokwana, Duduzile Emmelda, Fords, Genevieve Marion, Fortein, Juanita, Fouche, Christine, Fourie, Rulandi, Frean, Andrew, Fredericks, Ludwig, Funda, Wandile, funjwa, kabelo, Futhane, Martha, Futuse, Amanda, Gabaediwe, Dora, Gabuza, Nonhlanhla, Galant, Janycke, Gama, Zanele, Gano, Thobile, Gardiner, Emma Cora, Gastrow, Henri, Gate, Kelly, Gaunt, Ben, Gavaza, Rikhotso, Gayi, Thapelo, Gcakasi, Nkosinathi, Gcobo, Nomusa, Geffen, Leon, Geldenhuys, S, George, Jenny, Gerber, Martha, Getyengana, Zolisa, Gigi, Nkululo, Gihwala, Radha, Gilliland, Mitchell, Gloria, Zandile, Glover, Elitia, Gokailemang, Ellen, Goosen, Suseth, Gopane, Maria, Gosa-Lufuta, Thandazile, Gosnell, Bernadett, Gouws, Sharleen, Govender, Christina, Govender, Raksha, Govender, Pearl, Govender, Sally, Govender, Christina, Govender, Roxanne, Govender, K, Govender, Savie, Govinden, Rashika, Gqabuza, Luphumlo, Gqaji, Nomthandazo, Gqetywa, Maneo, Green, Caroline, Green, Nathan, Green, Neera, Grobler, Hendrik, Groenwald, Pamela, Grootboom, Daniel, Gumede, Beatrice, Gumede, Nomonde, Gumede, Simphiwe, Gumede, Simphiwe, Gumede, Slindile, Gumede, Ntombikayise, Gumede, Zenande, Gxotiwe, Thandiswa, H L, Makhubela, Hadebe, Nonhlanhla, Hadebe, Skhumbuzo, Halkas, Christos, Hamer, Ansie, Hamida, Ebrahim, Hammond, Juan, Haniff, Sumayia, Hare, Annelise, Hattingh, lorinda, Hendricks, Thenjiwe, Henecke, Philip-George, Henly-Smith, Brends, Herselman, Glynis, Heymans, Ansie, Heyns, Chantel, Hlabahlaba, Golekane, Hlabangwane, Lucky, Hlamarisa, Simango, Hlanzi, Ntokozo, Hlela, Hlengiwe, Hlokwe, Katlego, Hlongwa, Thembinkosi, Hlongwana, Anele, Hlubi, Themba, Hobo, Tozama, Hopane, Nare Nathaniel, House, Mariska, Hudson, Catharina, Huysamen, Marinda, Indheren, Jezreen, Ingle, Samantha, Isaacs, Gavin, Isaacs, T S Thekiso, Itumeleng, Maringa, J van Rensburg, Karien, Jackson, Saloshni, Jacob, Neziswa, Jacobs, Burton, Jacobs, Tshireletso, Jacobs, Gugulethu, Jaftha, Mesadi, Jaji, Zimkhitha, Jali, Sibusiso, James, Gcobisa, January, Gillian, Jeke, Andiswa, Jeremiah, Laurent, Jeremiah, L S, Jhetam, Mubeen, John, Maureen, John, Chuene, Jola, Thandiwe, Jonas, Yolande, Jonas, Anovick, Juggernath, Amilcar, Kaba, Eileen, Kabo, Venetia, Kadi, Disebo, Kaizer, Karabo, Kambule, Moshaya Peter, Kapp, Lorraine, Kau, Tshepo, Keneth, Nchabeleng, Kgabi, O, Kgafela, Tebogo Audrey, Kgakgadi, Vincent, Kgaswe, Isabella, Kgathlane, Tsholofelo, Kgetha, Vuyelwa Julia, Kgomojoo, Mmaselloane, Kgoro, B, Kgosiemang, Christinah, Kgosiencho, Gloria, Khambula, Stephen, Khan, Ariffa, Khanare, Refemetswe, Khanyase, Ncamsile, Khanyile, Nokwethemba, Kharatsi, Fillip, Khawula, Simangele, Khohlakala, Themba, Khomo, Letitia, Khoza, Isabel, Khoza, Sinethemba, Khukule, Nombulelo, Khumalo, Busisiwe, Khumalo, Tracy, khumalo, Zinhle, Khumalo, Vuyelwa, Khumalo, Delisile, Khumalo, Lebohang, Khumalo, Boitumelo, Khumalo, Thuli, Khumalo, Gugu, Khuzwayo, Bongiwe, Khuzwayo, Thembhelihle, Kidson, Hennie, Kistan, Jesne, Klaas, Gugu, Klassen, Marilyn, Koeberg, Josehine, Koen, Marizel, Koena, Simphiwe, Kok, Ina, Kola, Imraan, Kolokoto, Karabo, Konar, Ramachandra, Kotsedi, Dr, Kotze, Jaline, Koupis, Martins, Kritzinger, Helen, Kruger, Marlize, Kruger, Henk, Kubayi, Tlangelani, Kubeka, Thabisile, Kubheka, Nonjabulo, Kubheka, Melusi, Kubheka, Sibusiso Clifford, Kubheka, Erol, Kumalo, Monica, Kunene, Thulani, Kunene, Siphilile Candy, Kunneke, Yvette, Kupa, R P, Kutama, Rachel, Kwakwazi, Nompumelelo, Kweyama, Lwanele, Labuschagne, Maureen, Labuschagne, Marina, Lakshman, Prabha, Lakshman, Prabha, Lamani, Lungelo, Lamani, Thembela, Langa, Naomi, Langeni, Khangelani, Langeni, Aphelele, Langeni, Nwabisa Hazel, Langeveldt, Gena, Laubscher, Anchen, Le Roux, Laetitia, Leah, Magagane, Lebea, Collen, Lebea, Sello, Lebenya, Viyella Phumla Cynthia, Lebogang, Lorraine, Leboho, P K, Lee, Chantel, Lefakane, Kelebogile Rejoice, Legoabe, Zandile, Lekala, Patrick, Lekhoaba, Motsitsi, Lekunutu, Tanki Shadrack, Lerefolo, Galaletsang, Letebele, N, Lethoba, Tsepo Patric, Letlalo, Emission, Letlhage, Ofentse, Letshufi, D S V, Letsoalo, Dineo Fiona, Letsoalo, Seleka Jones, Letsoalo, Pennelope, Letwaba, Getrude, Linda, Sobekwa, Lipholo, Katleho, Litabe, Sabata, Lochan, Harsha, Lomax, Linda, Lombaard, Francina, Loots, Elmarie, Lourens, Ariana, Lourens, Ariana, Louw, Celeste, Louw, Rianna, Lubambo, Zikhona, Lubambo, Msebenzi Moises, Ludada, Gregory, Lukas, Michael, Lungu, Thembela, Lupindo, Nomvume, Lusenga, Emmah, Luthuli, Happiness, Luvuno, Zoleka Sylvia, M H, Gwangwa, Maarman, Mustafa, Mabaso, Buyisiwe, Mabaso, Cynthia, Mabitle, Morena, Mabogoane, Grace, Mabone, Kgakgamatso, Mabuza, Rueben, Mabuza, Velaphi, Madiseng, Mogantla, Madlala, Thobile, Madolo, Mashooase, Madonsela, Thabiso, Madubanya, Lesetsa, Maepa, Amukelani, Mafumana, Namhla, Mafumo, Caroline, Magadla, Pumeza, Magale, Viscah, Magaqa, Nompumelelo, Magda, Oberholzer, Magdeline, Rakgoale, Maggie, Tswai, Maginxa, Bongeka, Magoba, Cathrine Maite, Magongwa, Caroline, Magubane, Agretia, Magubane, Agretia Ntombizodwa, Magwai, R, Mahabane, D I, Mahabeer, Padmini, Mahadulula, Elsie, Mahanjana, Lungiswa, Maharaj, Amy, Mahlambi, Qedusiza, Mahlangu, Yvonne, Mahlangu, Lerato, Mahlangu, Ntombifikile, Mahlangu, Makhosazana, Mahlangu, Mahlatsi, Mahlasela, Penelope, Mahlatse, Thosago, Mahlobo, Regina, Mahole, Dikhing, Mahomed, Adam, Mahubane, Mapeu Debora, Mahume, Peter, Maifo, Lehlogonolo, Maimane, Vincent, Maimele, Petunia, Maine, Phakoe, Mainongwane, Patricia Senyanyathi, Majamani, Nomalungisa, Majozini, Amahle, Makalima, Noluthando, Makam, Nomfundo, Makamba, Khanyisa, Makan, R, Makarapa, Mashiane, Makgahlela, Malesela, Makgisa, Mogoiwa David, Makgomo, Makgoba, Makgopa, M A, Makhalema, Mabone, Makhanya, Lindokuhle Lizo, Makhanya, Philile Valentia, Makharaedzha, Tolerance, Makhathini, Nathi, Makhesi, Elizabeth, Makhubela, Cinile, Makhunga, Nkululeko Freedom, Makhupula, Nomalinge, Makhura, R R, Makola, Rangwato, Makuba, Zingisa, Makubalo, Asanda, Makumsha, Lonwabo, Makuya, George, Malaka, Levy Mmachuene, Malangeni, Themba, Malatji, M L, Malebana-Metsing, Pelonomi, Malek, Malek, Malevu, Luthando, Malevu, Luthando, Malgas, Juanita, Malgas, Dimakatso, Malope, Paul Makgasane, Malose, Monyeki, Maluleke, Katekani, Mambane, Kato, Mamorobela, Nthabiseng, Manamela, Kukami, Manana, Tshepo, Maneto, Sathiel, Manganye, Aron Kabelo, Mangena, Pheto, Mangoale, Anna, Mangozho, Tinotenda Florence, Manickchund, Pariva, Mankayi, Zandisile, Manning, Arthur, Manyaapelo, Kelebogile Manyaapelo, Manyane, Tabea, Manzana, Zoliswa, Manzini, Milton, Mapasa-Dube, Busisiwe, Maphumulo, Siboniso, Maphumulo, Ntombifuthi, Maponya, Sindy, Maponya, Khomotso Mumsy, Maponya, Napjadi, Maqubela, Lami, Maqubela, Lizeka, Maqungo, Vuyo, Marais, Marisa, Marais, Chantal, Maramba, Nondumiso, Mare, Annelize, Maredi, Madumetsa, Martins, Afikile, Marule, Johanna, Marumo, Refilwe, Masakona, N N, Masehla, Kedibone Vincentia, Maseko, Eric, Maselesele, Tshilidzi, Maselo, Mojalefa, Maseloa, M, Masemola, M E, Masemola, Thembi, Mashaba, Bella, Mashangwane, James, Mashao, Mantebele, Mashego, Shalom, Mashele, Lerato, Mashiane, Ester, Mashibini, Joyce, Mashilo, J, Mashiloane, Tumi, Mashishi, Charity, Mashiyi, Ngazibini, Mashudu, Khomola, Masindi, Aluwani, Maslo, Caroline, Masondo, Nduduzo, Masuku, Dumisile, Matamela, Cry, Matandela, Mirriam, Mathabela, Nontokozo, Mathabi, T, Mathe, Keitumetse, Mathebula, Mathabo, Mathebula, Catherine, Mathebula, Mdungazi Andres, Mathenjwa, Nqobizwe, Mathibe, Jane, Mathibela, Lebohang, Mathilda, Makwela, Mathiva, Khakhu, Mathobela, Mokgadi Alinah, Mathonsi, Fikile Pearl, Mathonsi, K P, Mathosa, Katlego, Matiwane, Noluvo, Matjeke, Emma, Matjiane, Bella, Matjila, Thabang, Matlala, Chidi, Matome, Petlo, Matoti, Nolusindiso, Matseliso, C, Matsemela, Dineo, Matsha, Phumeza, Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence, Matshediso, Motsumi, Matshela, Esther, Mavuma, Bongeka, Mavundla, Pearl, Mavuso, Nomthandazo, Mawasha, Lovender, Mawelela, Rebecca, Mazibuko, Nelisiwe, Mazibuko, Phumlani, Mazubane, Lindiwe, Mbanjwa, Bavumile, Mbasa, Ayanda, Mbatha, Nosimilo, Mbatha, Zanele, Mbatha, Rudolph Zenzele, Mbedzi, Gift, Mbizi, Tatenda Trevor, Mbonambi, Khumbulani, Mboniswa, Nondumiso, Mbonisweni, Nomfanelo, Mbuilu, Jody, Mbulawa, Siyabonga, Mbutho, Zama, Mbuzi, Natasha, Mchunu, Nonkululeko, Mchunu, Cyprian, Mchunu, Nokuzola, Mchunu, Masesi Thandeka, Mciteka, Vuyokazi, Mdaka, Solly, Mdakane, Neho, Mdediswa, Siyabonga, Mdima, Melusi, Mdima Masondo, Nozipho, Mdindana, Siviwe, Mdleleni, Ntombizikhona, Mdletshe, Sibusiso, Mdoda, Gcobisa Precious, Mdolo, Ntombi, Mdontsane, Anele, Mehta, Ruchikas, Memela, Philile Rittah, Methuse, Masande, Metshile, Keatlaretse, Metuse, Pheliswa, Meyer, Anton, Meyer, Gavin, Meyer, Cameron, Mfazwe, Sisonke, Mfecane, Andiswa, Mfecane, Bongeka, Mfeka, Nelisiwe, Mgaga, Busisiwe, Mgauli, Thandiwe Portia, Mgedezi, Thembekile, Mgedezi, Vuyokazi, Mgevane, Kalipile, Mgiba, Bongni, Mgoduka, Babalwa, Mhlaba, Patrick, Mhlaba, Zeldah, Mhlanga, Ntombizodwa, Mhlinza, Vangile, Mhlongo, Nokuthula, Mhlongo, sibongiseni, Mhlotshana, Unamandla, Mikateko, Mabaso, Minnie, Helena, Mintoor, Karen, Miyeni, Bongi, M J, Mabelane, Mjethu, Rosy, Mkhize, Gloria, Mkhize, Mvuselelo, Mkhize, Ntokozo Siyabonga, Mkhize, Victoria, Mkhize, Nomkhosi, Mkhize, Nokuthula, Mkhwanazi, Mathini, Mkile, Nolwandle, Mkise, Kholofelo, Mkiya, Nokwandiso, Mkongi, Pearl, Mkongi, Pearl, Mkungeka, Mnonopheli, Mlahleki, Hlomile, Mlibali, Nolukholo, Mlungwana, Sakhumzi, Mmachele, Jonas, Mmateka, Mashatole, Mmokwa, Molebatsi, Mmutlane, Thembisa, Mndebele, Zanele Olive, Mngomezulu, Nonhlanhla, Mnguni, Noluthando Millicent, Mngunyana, Pumza, Mngunyana, Nomxolisi, Mngxekeza, Ntombebongo, Mnisi, Zenzele, Mnqayi, Hlengiwe Precious, Mnqayi, Phumzile, Mntungwa, Thabiso, Mnyaka, Siya, Mnyakeni, Ntombikayise, Mnyamana, Vuyani, Mnyipika, Nomzingisi, Moabelo, Koena, Moatshe, Mmakgoshi Alseria, Mochaki-Senoge, Jennifer, Moche, Sharon, Mocwagae, Tebello, Modibane, Koeikantse, Modimoeng, Tebogo godfrey, Modisa, Obakeng, Modisane, Itumeleng, Modise, Olebogeng, Modjadji, Makaepeaa Flovia, Modupe, Sharon, Moeketsi, Maja, Moeketsi, Ntswaki, Moeng, Kereditse Kingsley, Mofamere, Naledi Nthabiseng, Mofokeng, Samuel, Mofokeng, Thabo, Mofomme, Jonas, Mogakane, Vicky, Mogale, Lehlohonolo, Mogapi, Audrey, Mogashoa, Thomas, Mogatla, Mphaka James, Mogoale, Kgaladi, Mohajane, Dikeledi Maggie, Mohapi, Nkuba, Mohatsela, Mthoamihla, Mohlala, Irene, Mohlala, Daphney, Mohlamonyane, Mpho, Mohutsiwa, Bonolo Millord, Moipone, Selemela, Moisi, Tshepang, Mojalefa, Nelly, Moji, Vuyo, Mokangwana, Buhle, Mokgabo, Matloa, Mokgaetji, Manaka, Mokgaotsi, Jane, Mokgoro, Neo Theodore, Mokhatla, Thalitha, Mokhele, Lerato Lovedalia, Mokhema, Sheila, Mokoena, Mamoya, Mokoena, Mojalefa, Mokome, Lleka, Mokone, Cynthia, Mokono, Ipeleng, Mokonyama, Thabiso, Mokori, Josiah, Mokuena, Dolores, Mokumo, Danny, Mokwena, Oddy, Mokwena, Kgaogelo, Mokwena, Kgantshi Sam, Mokwene, Lebogang, Molate, Thato Elliott, Molebalwa, Ditoche, Molefe, Boingotlo, Molehe, Kgopa Stanley, Moleme, Kgomotso, Moliane, Sarah, Moloi, Fanyana, Molorane, Retshepile Joseph, Molotsi, Glenda Tsholanang, Molukanele, Lerato, Monareng, Joy, Moncho, Thapelo, Monica, Modiadie, Monnane, Refilwe, Monqo, Andile, Montewa, Neo, Montsioa, Kgalalelo, Monyaki, Reitumetse, Monyane, Masekhobe Jeanett, Monyela, Lipson, Moodley, Yudeshan, Moodley, Kriesen, Moodley, Kaira, Mooka, Boitumelo Donald, Moonsamy, Prea, Moopanar, Simmi, Moore, David, Mophethe, Lineo, Moremedi, Tshegohatso, Moremong, Kealeboga, Morgan, Nthangeni, Moripa, Egma, Morris, Lulamile, Mosala, Me. A.M., Mosana, Thabo, Mosase, Alice, Mose, Yolanda, Mosehlo, Maponya, Moseki, Mothusi, Moshabe, Mojalefa David, Moshai, D A, Moshani, Mbulelo, Moshani, Pelisa, Mosima, Ledwaba, Mosima, Ezrom, Mosoma, M P, Motaung, Lebohang, Motaung, Mokete, Motaung Xhama, Thozama Charmain, Motha, Purine Khethiwe, Motimele, Lerato, Motimeng, Boitumelo, Motladiile, Shirley, Motlhabane, Otsile, Motlhamme, Joshua, Motloba, Mandla, Motse, Kagiso, Motshegoa, Sophia, Moutlana, Edward, Mouton, Irma, Moya, Zanele, Moyake, Nomonde, M P, Maja, Mpete, Jenny, Mpfuni, Luamba Meltha, Mphahlele, Seputule Mphahlele, Mphake, Mashadi, Mphanya, Ephraim Letlhogonolo, Mphaphuli, Mashudu, Mphela, Tebogo Chwene, Mpontshane, MS, Mqotyana, Thabile, Mqungquthu, Babalwa, Msane, Noluthando Busane, Mseleku, Malusi, Msibi, Sibusiso, Msibi, Mancele, Msibi, Thulisile, Msibi, Siyabonga Linda, Msiza, Clement Nhlanhla, Msomi, Lungelo, Mtatambi, Mandlenkosi, Mthathambi, Thembisa, Mthembu, December, Mthembu, Nhlahla, Mthembu, Fezile Mbali, Mthembu, Lungiswa, Mthethwa, Nompumelelo Petunia, Mthimkhulu, Khulekani, Mthuli, Lungani Percival, Mthunzi, Ashley, Mtolo, Xolani Sydney, Mtolo, Nomonde Precious, Mtshali, Linda, Mtwa, Neliswa, Mtyobile, Fezeka, Mtyobile, Kanyisa, Mudau, Mpfariseni, Muemeleli, Magwabeni, Mulaudzi, Isaac, Mulaudzi, Rebecca, Mulaudzi, Mhlelekedzeni, Muligwe, Dakalo Rejoyce, Muponda, Blessing, Mushadi, Mmbangiseni Stella, Mushid, M, Muthaphuli, Konanani, Muthavhine, J, Muthika, Mpho, Mvelase, Samkelisiwe, Mvelase, Vusi, Mwehu, Laurent Kayumba, Myaka, Thabile, myburgh, Magriet, Mzamo, Zimkhitha, Mzawuziwa, Fezeka, Mzini, Mfundo Lunga, Mzizana, Oscar, Mzobe, Ntokozo, Mzobe, Thokozile, Mzobe, Zamaswazi, Mzwandile, Mtimkulu, Naby, Fathima, Naicker, Keshnee, Naicker, Pregashnie, Naicker, Saroja, Naicker, Pershen, Naicker, Saiyen Virgil, Naidoo, Ria, Naidoo, Sam, Naidoo, Mergan, Naidoo, Kamalambal, Naidoo, Aroomugam, Naku, Sivuyile, Nakwa, Firdose, Nancy, Masoga, Nathan, Rita, Naude, Maritsa, Ncaza, Gcobisa, Ncaza, Aviwe, Ncha, Relebohile, Ncoyini, Yanelisa, Ncube, Snothile, Ndaba, Mrs, Ndaba, Vusumuzi, Ndaba, Mmapula, Ndawonde, Siziwe, Ndevu, Ziphozihle, Ndhlovu, Nonhlanhla Faith, Ndima, Simphiwe, Ndlela, Sindisiwe, Ndlela, Thobsile P, Ndlovu, Nobuhle, Ndlovu, Nwabisa, Ndlovu, Virginia Dipuo, Ndlumbini, Sombekhaya, Nduli, Khululiwe, Nduli, Priscilla Nontokozo, Ndwambi, Michael, Nel, Jeremy, Nel, Rina, Nel, Lizelle, Nemanashi, Ntsundeni florah, Nemudivhiso, Usinkhangwe Nyaphophi, Nemutavhanani, Joyce Nemutavhanani, Nene, Jabu, Nene, Xolani, Netshilonga, David, Netsianda, Rendani, Newton, Charmaine, Ngalo, Vuyo Leroy, Ngani, Ncumisa, Ngcakaza, Thabisa Monica, Ngcobo, Thamela, Ngcobo, Trulove Nonhlanhla, Ngcobo, Richards, Ngcobo, Gcinile, Ngcobo, Guguletu, Ngetu, Thozama, Ngewu, Pinkie, Ngobeni, Tshepo, Ngobeni, Providence, Ngobeni, Khanyisile, Ngobeni, Prudence, Ngobese, Thembisile, Ngomane, Tracy, Ngondo, Nolusindiso, Ngubane, Nokukhanya, Ngubane, Sithembiso, Nguse, Ntombizodwa Praxedise, Ngwane, Tholakele, Ngwasheng, Elizabeth, Ngwenya, Siphamandla, Ngwenya, Gugu, Ngwenya, Nomthandazo, Ngwenya, Themba, Ngwenya, Eva, Ngxola, Zintlanu, Nhabe, Tshegofatso, Nhlabathi, Jabulile, Nhlangwana, Ishmael, Nhlapo, Sithembile, Nick, Matlala, Niemand, Vicky, Nienaber, Carina, Nix, Louise, Njikelana, Chumisa, Njomi, Masiza, Nkabinde, Lucia, NKABINDE, M, Nkabiti, Boitumelo, Nkabule, Gugu, Nkadimeng, Mankopodi, Nkanjeni, Nonkanyiso, Nkatlo, Palesa Portia, Nkewana, Bongani, Nkhwashu, Audrey, Nkoana, Ngokoana, Nkoane, Mmathapelo, Nkogatse, M, Nkomo, Fezile, Nkomo, Ntando, Nkonyane, Nontobeko, Nkosi, Sydney, Nkosi, Ntombikayise, Nkosi, Phumzile, Nkosi, Ntombifuthi, NKOSI, TINTSWALO, Nkosi, ML, Nkosi, Godfrey, Nkosi, Amukelani, Nkosi, Fikile Vinoliah, Nkosi, Mbali, Nkosi, Nomcebo Lucia, Nkosi, Siphokazi, Nkuhlu, Amanda, Nkumane, Phumzile, Nkuna, Malebo, Nkwakwha, Wendy, Noge, Sesi, Nolte, Elizabeth, Nomawabo, Peko, Nombita, Malibongwe, Nophale, Nandipha, Nothnagel, Jeanetta, Novokoza, Bongiwe, Nqaphi, Zanele, Nqondo, Thobekile, Nqwelo, Siphokazi, N S, Nkoana, Ntabeni, Sindiswa, Ntabeni, Mr, Ntampula, mawethu, Ntebe, Mthutuzeli, Ntela, Mokwabo, Ntimbane, Hezekiah, Ntintsilana, Xolisa, Ntleki, Patrick, Ntobela, Zanele, Ntombela, Bandile, Ntombela, Bandile, Ntombela, Zamaswazi, Ntombela, Khonelihle Zandile, Ntombela, Praisegod Samkelo Thobani, Ntonintshi, Lindiwe, Ntseane, Dipuo, Ntseane, Thobeka, Ntsham, Xolelwa, Ntshele, Mbalenhle, Ntshewula, Amanda, Ntsoko, Zinzi, Ntsoto, Athini, Ntuli, Nomsa, Ntuli, Nokwazi, Ntuli, Nomvula, Ntuli, Andrew Diffar, Ntuli, Faith, Nurnberger, Margrit, Nxala, Ntsikelelo, Nxasane, Sithandiwe, Nxumalo, Thanda, Nyathi, Xolani, Nyawula, Nontobeko, Nzama, Nhlakanipho, Obed, Maila Nkuneng, Ogwal, Florence, Olifant, Maureen, Oliphant, B, Olive, Monota, Olyn, Kagisho, Omoighe, Raymond, One, Phumeza, Oscar, Ratombo, Owen, Nkuna, P, Mailula, Padayachee, Nalini, Padayachy, Vasaily, Pakade, Ntombizakhe, Palime, Mosiuoa, Palisa, Jane, Parker, Arifa, Parkies, Lesenyeho, Parrish, Andy, Patel, Nilesh, Pather, Anastasia, Patience, Mkhombo Tsakani, Patzke, Marisa, Pawuli, Akhumzi, Pelako, Ntandokazi, Penrose, Phaswana Sibasa, Peppeta, Litha, Pershad, Santosh, Pertunia, Makheda, Pertunia, Nkuna, Perumal, Dane, Peter, Mongameli, Peters, Justin, Petlane, Vatiswa, Petrus, Harideen, Phahladira, Kgomotso, Phakisa, Matebesi John, Phale, R, Phathela, Livhuwani, Phillip, Sekate Daniel, Phiri, Beverly, Phiri, Mapule Precious, Phokane, Thapelo, Phokoane, Frank, Pholosho, Moele, Phooko, Sekoro, Phooko, Sekodi Geoffrey, Phutiane, Maponya, Pillay, Faiza, Pillay, Melanie, Pillay, Sayuri, Pillay, C R, Plaatjie, Zikhona, Pootona, James, Potgieter, Samantha, Potgieter, Marius, Precious, Mulaudzi Mulatedzi, Pretorius, Paul Janus, Prozesky, Hans, Pule, Mokhethi, Punwasi, Jayshina, Putzier, Dot, Qankqiso, Lutho, Qebedu, Siphokazi, Qhola, Phozisa, Qotoyi, Ntombesithathu, Qotso, Sipho Victor, Qwabe, Zanele, Rabie, Helena, Rabothata, Phoebe, Rachoene, Christina, Radana, Mteteleli, Radebe, Maria, Radebe, Dr. Valentino, Radebe, Nonkululeko, Radinne, Ella, Raduvha, Sherly, Raghunath, Shamintha, Rajagopaul, Claudine, Rakgwale, Mary, Ralethe, Malumbete Michael, Ralimo, Kenneth, Ramafoko, Motlalepule, Ramagoma, Maduvhahafani, Raman, Charlotte, Ramavhuya, Dr, Rambally, Molly, Ramdeen, Nivasha, Ramdin, Tanusha, Rameshwarnath, Sharita, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, Ramotlou, Rampedi, Faith, Rampersad, Vijayluxmi, Ramuima, Avhashoni, Ranone, Noluthando, Rapasa, Mabohlale Portia, rapelang, Mpharoane, Raphaely, Nika, Rashokeng, Lesiba, Rashopola, Caroline, Ratau, Tebogo, Ratau, M, Ratshili, Mpfariseni David, Rautenbach, Elmari, Ravele, Rofhiwa, Reachable, Johannes, Rebecca, Peta Mmalahla, Reddy, Kessendri, Redfern, Andrew, Reed, Robertha, Rees, Mumsy, Reji, Dr, Reubenson, Gary, Rewthinarain, Veena, Rheeder, Paul, Rhulani, Nkonayani, Richard, Mufamadi, Rikhotso, J S, Rikhotso, Shatimone Beverley, Robert, Lavhelani Ndivhaleni, Roto, Noncedo, Ruder, Gideon, Rugnath, Kapil, Ruiters, Lizette, Ruiters, Mina, Russell, Sue, Ruwiza, Lynn, R Y, Molokoane, Saaiman, Mandy, Sabela, Emmanuel, Sadiq, Lerato, Saki, Litha, Salambwa, Hyppolite, Samjowan, Menitha, Samodien, Nazlee, Samuel, Rakgolele, Sandile, Fakudze, Sanelisiwe, Cekuse, Sani, Mandlankosi, Sawuka, Simangele, Schoeman, Lelani, Scholts, Magriet, Schroder, Ronel, Sebalabala, Mamotetekoane, Sebati, Selwalenkwe Collet, Seboko, Jacoline, Sebuthoma, Wilheminah, Segami, Annah, Segokotlo, Ruth, Sehloho, MR, Seisa, Khutjo, Sekgobela, Antony, Sekhosana, Monica, Sekonyela, John, Sekoto, Mpho, Sekulisa, Naledi, Sekwadi, Mokgadi Vanessa, Selaelo, Lebogo, Selatlha, Johannes, Selekolo, Kgomotso, Selfridge, William, Semenya, Lucy, Sengakane, Ivy, Sengata, Masabata, Sentle, Petronella, Seoketsa, Malebo, Seonandan, Pratheesha, Serumula, Thomas Mambushi, Setheni, Nkululeko, Setlale, Refiloe, Setlhodi, Tumediso, Setlhodi, Barbara, Setloghele, Robert, Sewpersad, Aarthi, Sewpersadh, Ryan, Shabalala, Phumlile, Shabangu, Owen, Shabangu, Kungesihe, Shabangu, Harriet Sbonangaye, Shabangu, Thokozani, Shadi, Clifford, Shaik, Hasifa, Shale, Tseliso, Shandu, Qedani, Shandu, Nomvelo, Shange, Ntswaki Marcia, Shenxane, Abongile, Sherriff, A, Shezi, Sebenzile, Shezi, Thenjiwe, Shihangule, Scally, Shikwambana, Cheyeza, Shoba, Lungisani, shokane, Kamogelo, Sibande, Nora, Sibeko, Lydia, Sibeko, Xolani, Sibiya, Zanele, Sibiya, Mncedisi, Sibuta, Sphamandla, Sifumba, Thembakazi, Sigcau, Sipho, Sigila, Lutho, Sihentshe, Kayakazi, Sihlangu, Bongani, Sikhakhane, Daisy, Sikhakhane, Shaun Nhlanhla, Siko, Mbali, Sikonje, Sipho, Simanga, Khumbulekile, Simango, Nomsa, Simela, Thulisile, Simelane, Ntombikayise, Singh, Sashah, Singh, Marjorie, Singh, Ragani, Singh, Shash, Singh, Anita, Sithole, Hitekani, Sithole, Senzekile, Sithole, Ntokozo Danielle, Sithole, Koketso Maxwell, Situma, Jonnie, Sivraman, Annie, Siwela, Katekani, Siyewuyewu, Nonqubela, Sizeka, Maweya, Siziba, Nonceba, Skhosana, Andrew, Skhosana, Khanyisile, Skhosana, Rorisang, Skoko, Tandiwe, Slabbert, Sunet, Smangaliso, Ntombela, Smedley, Christine, Smit, Lydia, Smit, Natassia, Smit, Lizelle, Smit, Michelle, Smith, Fasie, Smith, Lizzie, Smith, Sunell, Smith, Cassius, Smuts, Stefan, Sofe, Ayanda, Solomon, Khobane, Solomon, L J, Sombani, chauke, Songca, Richard, Sontamo, Anga, Soorju, Supriya, Sopazi, Zubenathi, Soqasha, Brian, Sosibo, Bongiwe, Sotsaka, Ntsika, Soula, Mandy, Spoor, Simon, Stacey, Sarah, Stali, Asanda, Stephina, Mutele Mmboniseni, Steup, Myra, Steven, Sinoxolo, Stevens, AW, Stevens, Vincent, Steyn, Dewald, Steyn, Bianca, Stocks, Pat, Stolk, Henk, Stoltz, Alida, Strehlau, Renate, Stroebel, Anneke, Strydom, Loraine, Strydom, Jean-Marie, Strydom, Anton, Strydom, Ursula, Sunnyraj, Midhu, Swana, Nwabisa, Swanepoel, Winnie, Swanepoel, Suzan, Swartbooi, Elsie, Swartz, Estley Swartz, Syce, Casandra, T E, Shihambi, Tabane, Joyce, Tabane, N E, Tawana, Mrs, Tebello, Ntene, Tembe, Siphosetu Wiseman, Terblanche, Samantha, Thabede, Ntombifuthi, Thabelo, Nkhumeleni, Thabethe, Sibusiso, Thabo George, Lekhanya, Thare, Keorapetse, Thebogo, Makofane, Thekiso, Lerato, Theko, Lloyd, Themba, Celimphilo Zandi, Theron, Danie, Theron, Henda, Theron, Ilze, Thingathinga, Thandiwe, Thlabadira, M M, Thoka, Dikeledi, Thokwana, Zanele, Thom, Gustav, Thubakgale, Mamphot Joel, Thwala, Theodora, Thys, P, Tieho, Monethi, Timothy, Matodzi, Tintswalo, Ndlovu, Tivana, Babalwa, Tladi, Molefi, Tokota, Bongiwe, Toni, Simthandile, Torres, Ariel, Toubkin, Mande, Tsatsi, Marinda, Tshabalala, Khanyisile, Tshamase, Nozibele, Tshefu, Gontse, Tshegofatjo, Makgoga, Tshikomba, Given, Tshilo, Thapelo, Tshira, Lerato, Tshirado, S T, Tshisikule, Maipfi, Tsoke, G, TSOKE, N, Tsoko, Alatha, Tsotetsi, Mosele, Tsubella, Sandeva, Tuswa, Noxolo, Tutse, Maipato, Tutu, Nomayenzeke, Twala, Sphephelo, Twala, Nhlanhla, Twala, Simphiwe, Ubisi, John, Unathi, Tefo, Van Aswegen, A, van der Merwe, Marietjie, van der Merwe, Trudie, van der Plank, Patience, van der Spuy, Elmarie, Van Der Westhuizen, Linda, Van Der Westhuizen, Adele, van der Westhuizen, Talana, van der Westhuyzen, Mene, Van Dyk, Thea, van Heerden, Ingrid, van Jaarsveld, Ryno, van Jaarsveld, Ryno, Van Lill, M, van Niekerk, Heidi, van Niekerk, Ben, van Rensburg, Amanda, van Schallwyk, Judy, Van Sensie, Zeitschke Yarnrich, van Vuuren, Magda, van Vuuren, Cloete, Vandu, Olga Funiswa, Vane, Mandisa, VanZyl, Lucia, Variava, Ebrahim, Veerus, Mariam, Velapi, Nokhwezi, Veleko, Sebina, Velezantsi, Z, Venter, Retha, Vergottini, Corlia, Vergottini, Corlia, Vermeulen, Inga, Vidah, Liabara Lufuluvhi, Vilakazi, Bongani, Vilakazi, Treasure N, Vilakazi, Mbalenhle Precious, Viljoen, Karen, Viljoen, Werner, Viljoen, Karen, Volschenk, Zuretha, Vos, Angelo, V V, Matlala, Walters, Jacques, Webb, Kate, Welsh, John, Wessels, D, Wheller, Judy, White, Fundile, White, Priscilla, Whyte, Carmen, Willemse, Ansie, William, Sape, Williams, Daniel, Williams, Kamielah, Williams, Mercia, Williamson, Anne, Wilson, Cherade, Wolff, Boipelo, Wray, Michelle, Xaba, Ntombizonke B, Xaba, Thabang Jabulani, Xiniwe, Thanks, Xoliswa, Mtshali, Xulu, Funokwakhe, Xulu, Gibson, Yam, Sandlakazi, Zakhura, NM, Zareloa, Mashela, Zinto, Sive, Zinziswa, Dyibeni, Ziselo, Lulamile, Zitha, Zakhele, Zitha, Emmanuel, Zokufa, Anele, Zondi, Innocent, Zondi, Sikhumbuzo Bernard, Zondi, Sbuyi, Zondi, Thulani, Zongola, Wandiswa, Zühlke, Liesl, Zulu, Zandile, Zulu, Lungelo, Zulu, Thandeka, Zulu, Slindili, Zulu, Nkosinathi, Zuma, Angel, Zungu, Precious, Zungu, Pamela, Zungu, Melusi, Zungu, Priscilla, Zwakala, Bongo Lihle, Zwane, Antonia, Zwane, Promise, Zwane, Muziwendoda, Zwane, Hlengiwe Priscila, and Zwane, Nomgcobo
- Abstract
The interaction between COVID-19, non-communicable diseases, and chronic infectious diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis is unclear, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries in Africa. South Africa has a national HIV prevalence of 19% among people aged 15–49 years and a tuberculosis prevalence of 0·7% in people of all ages. Using a nationally representative hospital surveillance system in South Africa, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19.
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- 2021
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38. Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices
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Ballif, Marie, Renner, Lorna, Claude Dusingize, Jean, Leroy, Valeriane, Ayaya, Samuel, Wools-Kaloustian, Kara, Cortes, Claudia P., McGowan, Catherine C., Graber, Claire, Mandalakas, Anna M., Mofenson, Lynne M., Egger, Matthias, Kumara Wati, Ketut Dewi, Nallusamy, Revathy, Reubenson, Gary, Davies, Mary-Ann, Fenner, Lukas, Ajayi, Samuel, Anastos, Kathryn, Bashi, Jules, Bishai, William, Boulle, Andrew, Braitstein, Paula, Carriquiry, Gabriela, Carter, Jane E., Cegielski, Peter, Chimbetete, Cleophas, Conrad, Joseph, Cortes, Claudia, Diero, Lameck, Duda, Stephany, Durier, Nicolas, Dusingize, Jean Claude, Eboua, Tanoh F., Gasser, Adrian, Geng, Elvin, Gnokori, Joachim Charles, Hardwicke, Laura, Hoffmann, Chris, Huebner, Robin, Kancheya, Nzali, Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin, Kim, Peter, Lameck, Diero, Leroy, Valériane, Lewden, Charlotte, Lindegren, Mary Lou, Mandalakas, Anna, Maskew, Mhairi, McKaig, Rosemary, Mofenson, Lynne, Mpoudi-Etame, Mireille, Okwara, Benson, Phiri, Sam, Prasitsuebsai, Wasana, Petit, April, Prozesky, Hans, Reid, Stewart E., Sohn, Annette, Sterling, Timothy, Vo, Quynh, Walker, Dana, Wehbe, Firas, Wejse, Christian, Wester, William, Williams, Carlie, Wood, Robin, Yao, Zhang, Yunihastuti, Evy, Abrams, Elaine, Ananworanich, Jintanat, Azondekon, Alain, Frieda Behets, Melanie Bacon, Cahn, Pedro, Cesar, Carina, Ciaranello, Andrea, Dabis, François, Edmonds, Andrew, Feinstein, Lydia, Hazra, Rohan, Hoover, Don, Keiser, Olivia, Magneres, Maria Cecilia, McGowan, Catherine, Messerschmidt, Liesl, Biribonwoha, Harriet Nuwagaba, Sharp, Gerald, Vreeman, Rachel, Worrell, Carol, Yiannoutsos, Constantine, and Zwickl, Beth
- Abstract
Background The global burden of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be 0.5 million new cases per year. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at high risk for TB. Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected children remains a major challenge. Methods We describe TB diagnosis and screening practices of pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. We used web-based questionnaires to collect data on ART programs and patients seen from March to July 2012. Forty-three ART programs treating children in 23 countries participated in the study. Results Sputum microscopy and chest Radiograph were available at all programs, mycobacterial culture in 40 (93%) sites, gastric aspiration in 27 (63%), induced sputum in 23 (54%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 16 (37%) sites. Screening practices to exclude active TB before starting ART included contact history in 41 sites (84%), symptom screening in 38 (88%), and chest Radiograph in 34 sites (79%). The use of diagnostic tools was examined among 146 children diagnosed with TB during the study period. Chest Radiograph was used in 125 (86%) children, sputum microscopy in 76 (52%), induced sputum microscopy in 38 (26%), gastric aspirate microscopy in 35 (24%), culture in 25 (17%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 11 (8%) children. Conclusions Induced sputum and Xpert MTB/RIF were infrequently available to diagnose childhood TB, and screening was largely based on symptom identification. There is an urgent need to improve the capacity of ART programs in low- and middle-income countries to exclude and diagnose TB in HIV-infected children
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- 2017
39. Tuberculosis treatment outcomes among HIV/TB-coinfected children in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) network
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Carlucci, James G., Blevins Peratikos, Meridith, Kipp, Aaron M., Lindegren, Mary L., Du, Quy T., Renner, Lorna, Reubenson, Gary, Ssali, John, Yotebieng, Marcel, Mandalakas, Anna M., Davies, Mary-Ann, Ballif, Marie, Fenner, Lukas, Pettit, April C., and International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate Aids Network
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- 2017
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40. Congenital Rubella Syndrome Surveillance in South Africa Using a Sentinel Site Approach: A Cross-sectional Study
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Motaze, Nkengafac Villyen, primary, Manamela, Jack, additional, Smit, Sheilagh, additional, Rabie, Helena, additional, Harper, Kim, additional, duPlessis, Nicolette, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Coetzee, Melantha, additional, Ballot, Daynia, additional, Moore, David, additional, Nuttall, James, additional, Linley, Lucy, additional, Tooke, Lloyd, additional, Kriel, Jeannette, additional, Hallbauer, Ute, additional, Sutton, Christopher, additional, Moodley, Pravi, additional, Hardie, Diana, additional, Mazanderani, Ahmad Haeri, additional, Goosen, Felicity, additional, Kyaw, Thanda, additional, Leroux, Dave, additional, Hussain, Akhtar, additional, Singh, Radhika, additional, Kelly, Christopher, additional, Ducasse, Graham, additional, Muller, Michelle, additional, Blaauw, Magdaleen, additional, Hamese, Mohlabi, additional, Leeuw, Tumelo, additional, Mekgoe, Omphile, additional, Rakgole, Philemon, additional, Dungwa, Norman, additional, Maphosa, Thulisile, additional, Sanyane, Kgomotso, additional, Preiser, Wolfgang, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, and Suchard, Melinda, additional
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- 2018
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41. Site Variability in Regulatory Oversight for an International Study of Pediatric Sepsis
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Michelson, Kelly N., primary, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Weiss, Scott L., additional, Fitzgerald, Julie C., additional, Ackerman, ; Kate K., additional, Christie, ; LeeAnn, additional, Bush, ; Jenny L., additional, Nadkarni, Vinay M., additional, Thomas, Neal J., additional, and Schreiner, Mark S., additional
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- 2018
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42. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in children
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Mahomed, Nasreen, primary and Reubenson, Gary, additional
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- 2017
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43. Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices
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Ballif, Marie, Renner, Lorna, Claude Dusingize, Jean, Leroy, Valeriane, Ayaya, Samuel, Wools-Kaloustian, Kara, Cortes, Claudia P., McGowan, Catherine C., Graber, Claire, Mandalakas, Anna M., Mofenson, Lynne M., Egger, Matthias, Kumara Wati, Ketut Dewi, Nallusamy, Revathy, Reubenson, Gary, Davies, Mary-Ann, Fenner, Lukas, Ajayi, Samuel, Anastos, Kathryn, Bashi, Jules, Bishai, William, Boulle, Andrew, Braitstein, Paula, Carriquiry, Gabriela, Carter, Jane E., Cegielski, Peter, Chimbetete, Cleophas, Conrad, Joseph, Cortes, Claudia, Diero, Lameck, Duda, Stephany, Durier, Nicolas, Dusingize, Jean Claude, Eboua, Tanoh F., Gasser, Adrian, Geng, Elvin, Gnokori, Joachim Charles, Hardwicke, Laura, Hoffmann, Chris, Huebner, Robin, Kancheya, Nzali, Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin, Kim, Peter, Lameck, Diero, Leroy, Valériane, Lewden, Charlotte, Lindegren, Mary Lou, Mandalakas, Anna, Maskew, Mhairi, McKaig, Rosemary, Mofenson, Lynne, Mpoudi-Etame, Mireille, Okwara, Benson, Phiri, Sam, Prasitsuebsai, Wasana, Petit, April, Prozesky, Hans, Reid, Stewart E., Sohn, Annette, Sterling, Timothy, Vo, Quynh, Walker, Dana, Wehbe, Firas, Wejse, Christian, Wester, William, Williams, Carlie, Wood, Robin, Yao, Zhang, Yunihastuti, Evy, Abrams, Elaine, Ananworanich, Jintanat, Azondekon, Alain, Frieda Behets, Melanie Bacon, Cahn, Pedro, Cesar, Carina, Ciaranello, Andrea, Dabis, François, Edmonds, Andrew, Feinstein, Lydia, Hazra, Rohan, Hoover, Don, Keiser, Olivia, Magneres, Maria Cecilia, McGowan, Catherine, Messerschmidt, Liesl, Biribonwoha, Harriet Nuwagaba, Sharp, Gerald, Vreeman, Rachel, Worrell, Carol, Yiannoutsos, Constantine, Zwickl, Beth, and Wejse, Christian
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Asia ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Diagnostic tools ,medicine.disease_cause ,Active tb ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,610 Medicine & health ,Developing Countries ,Poverty ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Microscopy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Sputum ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,medicine.disease ,Antiretroviral therapy ,Infectious Diseases ,Low and middle income countries ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Radiography, Thoracic ,medicine.symptom ,Americas ,Chest radiograph ,business ,Original Articles and Commentaries ,360 Social problems & social services - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The global burden of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be 0.5 million new cases per year. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at high risk for TB. Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected children remains a major challenge.METHODS: We describe TB diagnosis and screening practices of pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. We used web-based questionnaires to collect data on ART programs and patients seen from March to July 2012. Forty-three ART programs treating children in 23 countries participated in the study.RESULTS: Sputum microscopy and chest Radiograph were available at all programs, mycobacterial culture in 40 (93%) sites, gastric aspiration in 27 (63%), induced sputum in 23 (54%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 16 (37%) sites. Screening practices to exclude active TB before starting ART included contact history in 41 sites (84%), symptom screening in 38 (88%), and chest Radiograph in 34 sites (79%). The use of diagnostic tools was examined among 146 children diagnosed with TB during the study period. Chest Radiograph was used in 125 (86%) children, sputum microscopy in 76 (52%), induced sputum microscopy in 38 (26%), gastric aspirate microscopy in 35 (24%), culture in 25 (17%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 11 (8%) children.CONCLUSIONS: Induced sputum and Xpert MTB/RIF were infrequently available to diagnose childhood TB, and screening was largely based on symptom identification. There is an urgent need to improve the capacity of ART programs in low- and middle-income countries to exclude and diagnose TB in HIV-infected children.
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- 2015
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- View/download PDF
44. Towards understanding global patterns of antimicrobial use and resistance in neonatal sepsis: insights from the NeoAMR network
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Li, Grace, Bielicki, Julia Anna, Ahmed, A S M Nawshad Uddin, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Berezin, Eitan Naaman, Gallacci, Clery B, Guinsburg, Ruth, da Silva Figueiredo, Carlos Eduardo, Santarone Vieira, Rosilene, Silva, Andre Ricardo, Teixeira, Cristiane, Turner, Paul, Nhan, Ladin, Orrego, Jaime, Pérez, Paola Marsela, Qi, Lifeng, Papaevangelou, Vassiliki, Triantafyllidou, Pinelope, Iosifidis, Elias, Roilides, Emmanuel, Sarafidis, Kosmas, Jinka, Dasaratha Ramaiah, Nayakanti, Raghuprakash Reddy, Kumar, Praveen, Gautam, Vikas, Prakash, Vinayagam, Seeralar, Arasar, Murki, Srinivas, Kandraju, Hemasree, Singh, Sanjeev, Kumar, Anil, Lewis, Leslie, Pukayastha, Jayashree, Nangia, Sushma, K N, Yogesha, Chaurasia, Suman, Chellani, Harish, Obaro, Stephen, Dramowski, Angela, Bekker, Adrie, Whitelaw, Andrew, Thomas, Reenu, Velaphi, Sithembiso Christopher, Ballot, Daynia Elizabeth, Nana, Trusha, Reubenson, Gary, Fredericks, Joy, Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn, Sirisub, Anongnart, Wong, Pimol, Lochindarat, Sorasak, Boonkasidecha, Suppawat, Preedisripipat, Kanchana, Cressey, Tim R, Paopongsawan, Pongsatorn, Lumbiganon, Pagakrong, Pongpanut, Dounghatai, Sukrakanchana, Pra-ornsuda, Musoke, Philippa, Olson, Linus, Larsson, Mattias, Heath, Paul T, and Sharland, Michael
- Abstract
ObjectiveTo gain an understanding of the variation in available resources and clinical practices between neonatal units (NNUs) in the low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) setting to inform the design of an observational study on the burden of unit-level antimicrobial resistance (AMR).DesignA web-based survey using a REDCap database was circulated to NNUs participating in the Neonatal AMR research network. The survey included questions about NNU funding structure, size, admission rates, access to supportive therapies, empirical antimicrobial guidelines and period prevalence of neonatal blood culture isolates and their resistance patterns.Setting39 NNUs from 12 countries.PatientsAny neonate admitted to one of the participating NNUs.InterventionsThis was an observational cohort study.ResultsThe number of live births per unit ranged from 513 to 27 700 over the 12-month study period, with the number of neonatal cots ranging from 12 to 110. The proportion of preterm admissions <32 weeks ranged from 0% to 19%, and the majority of units (26/39, 66%) use Essential Medicines List ‘Access’ antimicrobials as their first-line treatment in neonatal sepsis. Cephalosporin resistance rates in Gram-negative isolates ranged from 26% to 84%, and carbapenem resistance rates ranged from 0% to 81%. Glycopeptide resistance rates among Gram-positive isolates ranged from 0% to 45%.ConclusionAMR is already a significant issue in NNUs worldwide. The apparent burden of AMR in a given NNU in the LMIC setting can be influenced by a range of factors which will vary substantially between NNUs. These variations must be considered when designing interventions to improve neonatal mortality globally.
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- 2020
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45. Declining Incidence of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in South Africa: 2003–2016.
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Meiring, Susan, Cohen, Cheryl, Gouveia, Linda de, Plessis, Mignon du, Kularatne, Ranmini, Hoosen, Anwar, Lekalakala, Ruth, Lengana, Sarona, Seetharam, Sharona, Naicker, Preneshni, Quan, Vanessa, Reubenson, Gary, Tempia, Stefano, Mollendorf, Claire von, Gottberg, Anne von, and GERMS-SA
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections ,HIV infection complications ,AGE distribution ,CIPROFLOXACIN ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CLINICAL pathology ,EPIDEMICS ,PENICILLIN ,MICROBIAL sensitivity tests ,NEISSERIA meningitidis ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,RELATIVE medical risk ,DISEASE incidence ,SEROTYPES ,MENINGOCOCCAL vaccines ,CEFTRIAXONE ,HOSPITAL mortality ,MIXED infections ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is endemic to South Africa, where vaccine use is negligible. We describe the epidemiology of IMD in South Africa. Methods IMD cases were identified through a national, laboratory-based surveillance program, GERMS-SA, from 2003–2016. Clinical data on outcomes and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) statuses were available from 26 sentinel hospital sites. We conducted space-time analyses to detect clusters of serogroup-specific IMD cases. Results Over 14 years, 5249 IMD cases were identified. The incidence was 0.97 cases per 100 000 persons in 2003, peaked at 1.4 cases per 100 000 persons in 2006, and declined to 0.23 cases per 100 000 persons in 2016. Serogroups were confirmed in 3917 (75%) cases: serogroup A was present in 4.7% of cases, B in 23.3%, C in 9.4%; W in 49.5%; Y in 12.3%, X in 0.3%; Z in 0.1% and 0.4% of cases were non-groupable. We identified 8 serogroup-specific, geo-temporal clusters of disease. Isolate susceptibility was 100% to ceftriaxone, 95% to penicillin, and 99.9% to ciprofloxacin. The in-hospital case-fatality rate was 17% (247/1479). Of those tested, 36% (337/947) of IMD cases were HIV-coinfected. The IMD incidence in HIV-infected persons was higher for all age categories, with an age-adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) of 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–2.8; P <.001) from 2012–2016. No patients reported previous meningococcal vaccine exposure. Patients with serogroup W were 3 times more likely to present with severe disease than those with serogroup B (aRRR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1–6.3); HIV coinfection was twice as common with W and Y diseases (aRRR W = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.9; aRRR Y = 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.4). Conclusions In the absence of significant vaccine use, IMD in South Africa decreased by 76% from 2003–2016. HIV was associated with an increased risk of IMD, especially for serogroup W and Y diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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46. Diagnosing childhood pulmonary tuberculosis using a single sputum specimen on Xpert MTB/RIF at point of care
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Gous, Natasha, primary, Scott, Lesley E, additional, Khan, Sonjiha, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Coovadia, Ashraf, additional, and Stevens, Wendy, additional
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- 2015
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47. Updated recommendations for the management of upper respiratory tract infections in South Africa
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Brink, Adrian J, primary, Cotton, Mark F, additional, Feldman, Charles, additional, Finlayson, Heather, additional, Friedman, Ray L, additional, Green, Robin, additional, Hendson, Willy, additional, Hockman, Maurice H, additional, Maartens, Gary, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Silverbauer, Eddie J, additional, and Zietsman, Inge L, additional
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- 2015
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48. Association between maternal Group B Streptococcus surface-protein antibody concentrations and invasive disease in their infants
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Dangor, Ziyaad, primary, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Izu, Alane, additional, Adrian, Peter, additional, Cutland, Clare L, additional, Velaphi, Sithembiso, additional, Ballot, Daynia, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Zell, Elizabeth R, additional, Lala, Sanjay G, additional, and Madhi, Shabir A, additional
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- 2015
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49. Increased Risk for and Mortality From Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in HIV-Exposed but Uninfected Infants Aged <1 Year in South Africa, 2009–2013
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von Mollendorf, Claire, primary, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Meiring, Susan, additional, de Gouveia, Linda, additional, Quan, Vanessa, additional, Lengana, Sarona, additional, Avenant, Theunis, additional, du Plessis, Nicolette, additional, Eley, Brian, additional, Finlayson, Heather, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Moshe, Mamokgethi, additional, O'Brien, Katherine L., additional, Klugman, Keith P., additional, Whitney, Cynthia G., additional, and Cohen, Cheryl, additional
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- 2015
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50. Risk Factors for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Children Less Than 5 Years of Age in a High HIV Prevalence Setting, South Africa, 2010 to 2012
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von Mollendorf, Claire, primary, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, de Gouveia, Linda, additional, Naidoo, Nireshni, additional, Meiring, Susan, additional, Quan, Vanessa, additional, Lindani, Sonwabo, additional, Moore, David P., additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Moshe, Mamokgethi, additional, Eley, Brian, additional, Hallbauer, Ute M., additional, Finlayson, Heather, additional, Madhi, Shabir A., additional, Conklin, Laura, additional, Zell, Elizabeth R., additional, Klugman, Keith P., additional, Whitney, Cynthia G., additional, and von Gottberg, Anne, additional
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- 2015
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