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Objective: To describe the impact of the Koala project (Actively Controlling Target Oxygen) on clinical outcomes in patients born with less than 36 weeks of gestation, in two maternity hospitals, comparing before and after the strategy implementation. Methods: This is an intervention study with 100 preterm infants with gestational age ≤36 weeks, who used oxygen in two maternity hospitals between January 2020 and August 2021. One of the hospitals was a private institution and the other was philanthropic. The goal for the target oxygen saturation with this project was 91–95%. Comparisons between the two stages (before and after the implementation of the project) were made evaluating the outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and deaths. The continuous variables were described using mean, median, standard deviation and interquartile interval. The significance level adopted was 5% and the software used was R Core Team 2021 (version 4.1.0). Results: After oxygen control use according to the Koala protocol, there was a significant reduction in the cases of retinopathy of prematurity (p<0.001) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p<0.001). There were no deaths in the second stage, and there was a non-significant increase in the absolute number of necrotizing enterocolitis cases. Conclusions: The Koala project seems to be an effective and feasible strategy to reduce adverse situations in the management of premature children, but research with a greater sample is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: analisar publicações científicas sobre a relevância dos fatores de risco maternos para a predisposição ao desenvolvimento de Retinopatia da Prematuridade (ROP) em recém-nascidos prematuros. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A pergunta norteadora definida para a investigação foi: “Quais são os fatores de risco maternos associados ao desenvolvimento da retinopatia da prematuridade?”. A busca dos artigos científicos ocorreu através das bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine), aplicando-se os descritores “Retinopathy of Prematurity” AND “Risk Factors”; e através da base Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) aplicando-se “Retinopathy of Prematurity” AND “Risk”. Resultados: parte dos artigos (n=5) foi publicada em 2021. Os estudos foram realizados no continente asiático (n= 6), América do Norte (n=2), Europa (n=1) e África (n=1). Todas as pesquisas ocorreram em ambiente hospitalar, tendo em comum a abordagem de fatores relacionados aos recém-nascidos, mas também de fatores maternos, que consiste no foco deste estudo de revisão. Em relação aos fatores de risco maternos, houve destaque da correlação entre comorbidades das mães e o desenvolvimento de ROP, mas também foram abordados fatores nutricionais e sociodemográficos. Conclusão: as características, complicações, comorbidades e alterações ligadas ao feto/lactente, especialmente, baixo peso ao nascer e menor idade gestacional parecem ser mais relevantes para a ocorrência de ROP do que fatores associados à mãe.

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O desenvolvimento da função visual ocorre durante a infância. Nesse período, diversas condições oculares podem estar presentes, se manifestando com comprometimento da função visual e consequente impacto no desenvolvimento geral da criança. Estrabismo, ambliopia, catarata congênita, glaucoma, retinopatia da prematuridade, ceratocone e alergias oculares são quadros que podem se manifestar na faixa etária pediátrica. Essas diversas condições fazem parte da rotina de atendimento tanto do médico generalista quanto dos diversos especialistas. Todos devem estar atendo aos sinais e sintomas, propiciando uma suspeita diagnóstica precoce e uma abordagem oportuna, a fim de se evitar comprometimento visual definitivo.

To describe the prevalence of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity and respective stages. Retrospective data were extracted from original articles addressing risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity retrieved from Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Virtual Health Library (VHL) and National Library of Medicine - NLM (PubMed) databases. In the initial search, 186 articles were found. Following title and abstract reading and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 articles were selected for this analysis. Variables of interest varied widely between studies. Gestational age and birth weight were listed as risk factors in all studies. Gender analysis revealed small gender-related differences, since approximately 52.9% of affected neonates were males and 47.1% females. As to race/color, approximately 72.7% were white, 12% were brown and 2.7% were black. However, there is a lack of consensus over the significance of these factors. The study revealed that retinopathy of prematurity is a multifactorial disease primarily associated with prematurity, low birth weight and oxygen therapy. Albeit potentially avoidable and reversible, the incidence of the condition is high. Therefore, further studies along the same lines are needed for deeper understanding of risk factors for or retinopathy of prematurity and mitigation of long-term consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: conhecer as taxas de retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) em recém-nascidos (RN) ≤ 1500g e/ou ≤ a 32 semanas, no serviço de neonatologia de uma maternidade pública terciária do município de Fortaleza. Métodos: estudo transversal, retrospectivo de dados secundários, onde os dados foram coletados nos prontuários no período de 1 ano, através de questionário simples. Resultados: nasceram 434 RN´s e destes foram excluídos óbitos, transferências, malformações e infecções congênitas. Foram incluídos na pesquisa 119 prontuários. Destes, 31 (26%) pacientes apresentaram ROP, com predominância do estágio II (61,3%), zona II (93,5%), sem plus (64,5%), dos quais 45,2% realizaram tratamento com laser. Houve predomínio em prematuro extremo (61,3%), peso menor que 1000g (71%), sexo feminino (54,8%) e parto vaginal (61,3%). A maioria dos RN´s necessitaram de manobra de reanimação (67,7%). 96,8% apresentaram síndrome do desconforto respiratório (SDR), 77,4% utilizaram surfactante e tiveram tempo de oxigenioterapia maior que 30 dias. A persistência do canal arterial (PCA) foi diagnosticada em 58,1%, sepse clínica em 93,5% e anemia em 96,8%. Conclusão: a maioria dos casos de ROP foram em RN´s prematuros com evolução intimamente relacionada a comorbidades comuns no período neonatal.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disorder that affects extremely premature infants and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in childhood. Objective: This study presents a review of Cochrane systematic reviews about ROP. Methods: We analyzed and summarized the results of all intervention, prevention and treatment, from Cochrane Systematic Reviews (SR) for ROP designed to the highest standard of rigor to show the current position and propose studies that are missing for decision making. Results: Eight SR were analyzed in this study, four in prophylaxis and four in treatment of ROP. The outcome 'Beneficial effect of oral beta-blockers on progression to stage 3 ROP but not to stage 2 ROP with plus disease or to stage 4 or 5 ROP was the only one that presented moderate evidence quality, all the others outcomes presented evidence quality floating from low to very low. Conclusion: There is a lack of studies showing the quality of evidence in the treatment and prevention of retinopathy of prematurity, particularly in long-term outcomes after treatment in order to assess the impact and quality of life of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Estudar a prevalência da retinopatia da prematuridade em recém-nascidos prematuros, nascidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre entre outubro de 2002 e agosto de 2005. Métodos: Estudo transversal de 220 crianças prematuras nascidas com peso igual ou inferior a 1.500 gramas e/ou com idade gestacional igual ou menor do que 32 semanas, examinadas no centro de neonatologia, após dilatação das pupilas, sempre a partir da sexta semana de vida. Resultados: A retinopatia da prematuridade ocorreu em 61 (61/220) prematuros, em um percentual de 27,73%. A doença atingiu estadiamento 1 em 12,73% dos casos (28/220), estadiamento 2 em 9,55% dos casos (21/220) e estadiamento 3 em 5% dos casos (11/220). Apenas uma das crianças atingiu o estadiamento 5 da doença, em 0,45% dos casos (1/220). Conclusões: O percentual de 27,73% de retinopatia encontrado foi similar ao de outros trabalhos internacionais com o mesmo delineamento, assim como o percentual de 5% de retinopatia no estágio 3. Apenas um dos prematuros desenvolveu a doença até o estágio mais grave (5), havendo 0,45% de cegueira pela retinopatia da prematuridade no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Unitermos: Retinopatia da prematuridade, prevalência, cegueira, prevenção.

Aim: to describe the profile of preterm newborns in the ophthalmology service in Cascavel, Paraná. Method: a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study with a temporal cut from 2014 to June 2016, whose data collection was documentary, obtained from hospital records. Descriptive statistical analysis. Results: of the total sample (n = 183), the prevalence of gestational age ranged from 31 to 32 weeks (28.41%) and birth weight from 1705g-1950g (24.04%). Of these babies, 153 (83.60%) used oxygen therapy, a risk factor for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). The highest prevalence of ROP was grade II (n = 15, 20.55%) and the lowest grade III (n = 5, 6.85%). Conclusion: the clinical profile of preterm infants revealed that the lower the gestational age and weight, the greater is the risk of ROP. It was also identified that all those who developed, did use oxygen

Resumo Introdução A retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) é uma doença vasoproliferativa, que afeta a retina das crianças que nascem prematuramente; assim, este estudo propôs identificar fatores associados e predizer a retinopatia na prematuridade. Método Realizou-se um estudo transversal, com recém-nascidos prematuros, dividindo-os em dois grupos: com e sem retinopatia. As variáveis foram categorizadas por meio do teste da razão de verossimilhança e as variáveis que obtiveram p-valores menores que 0,2 foram analisadas por um modelo logístico múltiplo. A capacidade de predição do modelo foi realizada por meio da construção da curva ROC. Resultados Dos 296 recém-nascidos, 32 (10,81%) apresentaram retinopatia. No modelo logístico, as variáveis que apresentaram fator de risco foram idade gestacional ≤ 30 semanas (p-valor=0,0214), peso ao nascer ≤ 1.250 gramas (p-valor=0,0013) e escore Apgar no primeiro minuto < 7 (p-valor=0,0352). A curva ROC com sensibilidade 0,771 e especificidade 0,774 evidenciou o modelo com precisão de 0,8448 e ponto de probabilidade de 0,79. Conclusões Este modelo pode ser usado para predição de retinopatia em recém-nascidos prematuros com um fator de risco de 0,79, destacando que estes necessitam de maior atenção.

Resumo Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar os aspectos psicológicos da experiência de mães e pais em relação à retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) de seus filhos através de entrevista psicológica. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo. O impacto do diagnóstico variou de acordo com a expectativa dos pais e a compreensão sobre a doença, sendo amenizado pelo suporte familiar e profissional. As dificuldades foram sentidas em relação ao posicionamento social da criança e suas limitações. Mães e pais adiaram projetos, apresentaram insegurança e receio de sequelas futuras. A assistência psicológica pode ocorrer desde o momento do diagnóstico, levando em consideração os significados compartilhados, promovendo a adequação de expectativas e priorizando a qualidade de vida da família.

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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an oxygen saturation reduction protocol used to supplement preterm newborns (PTNB) hospitalized in a neonatal ICU to prevent the onset of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: This is a cohort study performed in a single Neonatal ICU. The first group (pre-protocol, n = 30) used oxygen with hemoglobin saturation > 95%. Since the institution of a new oxygen therapy protocol that maintained hemoglobin saturation between 90% and 95%, the second group was obtained (post-protocol n = 28). All included preterm infants had a gestational age of less than or equal to 32 weeks and / or birth weight of 1500 g or less, retinal mappings from 28 days of life and follow up for up to 45 weeks of corrected gestational age. Results: 58 cases were studied, excluding those who died (15/58; 26.8%), ROP was diagnosed in 15/43 patients (34.9%). The lower gestational age significantly influenced the appearance of ROP (p = 0.002). Regarding the number of ROP cases and deaths, no statistically significant difference was observed between groups. Oxygen therapy time was significantly associated with the presence of ROP in both groups. Boys were six times more affected by ROP than girls. Conclusion: Reduction of oxygen saturation was not effective in reducing the number of cases of ROP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the WINROP algorithm for predicting retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a population of Portuguese preterm infants. Methods: Retrospective study of all newborns who underwent ROP screening at Hospital Universitário do Porto from January 2010 to May 2016. Gestational age (GA), birthweight and weekly postnatal weight measurements of the newborns, up to a postmenstrual age of 35-36 weeks, were entered in the online application of WINROP, which signals with an alarm the newborns who are at risk of developing ROP type 1, which requires treatment. Results: Of a total of 496 RN undergoing ROP screening, 20 were excluded from the study by incomplete records and 101 by GA ≥32 weeks. Of the newborns with a GA≥32 weeks, one developed ROP type 1 and was treated. Of the 375 newborns introduced in the WINROP application, 231 recorded an alarm signal. All the newborns with type 1 ROP were identified by the alarm signal. The WINROP algorithm presented a sensitivity and a negative predictive value of 100% and a specificity of 41%. The mean time between the alarm signal and the treatment was 10 weeks plus 6 days. Conclusion: The WINROP model was 100% sensitive in the detection of preterm infants requiring treatment for ROP. Besides its lower specificity, WINROP application can reduce substantially the number of exams in ROP screening. One of the limitations of the model is the exclusion of newborns with GA≥32 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify the psychological aspects of how parents experience their child's retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), through a psychological interview. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed according to the content analysis method. The impact of the diagnosis varied according to the expectations of parents and their understanding of the disease, being softened by family and professional support. The difficulties were felt regarding the social positioning of the children and their limitations. Parents postponed projects, presented insecurity and fear of future sequels. Psychological assistance can occur since the time of diagnosis, considering the shared meanings, promoting the adequacy of expectations and prioritizing the family's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: to describe the profile of preterm newborns in the ophthalmology service in Cascavel, Paraná. Method: a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study with a temporal cut from 2014 to June 2016, whose data collection was documentary, obtained from hospital records. Descriptive statistical analysis. Results: of the total sample (n = 183), the prevalence of gestational age ranged from 31 to 32 weeks (28.41%) and birth weight from 1705g-1950g (24.04%). Of these babies, 153 (83.60%) used oxygen therapy, a risk factor for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). The highest prevalence of ROP was grade II (n = 15, 20.55%) and the lowest grade III (n = 5, 6.85%). Conclusion: the clinical profile of preterm infants revealed that the lower the gestational age and weight, the greater is the risk of ROP. It was also identified that all those who developed, did use oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Até o momento não há um consenso sobre a técnica anestésica mais adequada para o tratamento de retinopatia da prematuridade. O bloqueio peribulbar pode reduzir a incidência de reflexo oculocardíaco e apneia no pós‐operatório. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar os resultados do bloqueio peribulbar, quando combinado com anestesia geral, para o tratamento a laser de retinopatia da prematuridade em bebês prematuros. Métodos Uma análise retrospectiva dos registros anestésicos de todos os bebês submetidos ao tratamento a laser para retinopatia da prematuridade de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2015 foi realizada em um hospital terciário. Resultados Durante esse período, seis bebês foram submetidos ao tratamento a laser para retinopatia da prematuridade, todos sob bloqueio peribulbar combinado com anestesia geral. Uma injeção infratemporal única de ropivacaína a 1% ou 0,75% (0,15 mL.kg −1 ) foi administrada por olho. No fim do procedimento, todos os bebês retomaram a ventilação espontânea. Não foram relatadas complicações perioperatórias. Conclusões O bloqueio peribulbar foi uma técnica anestésica segura em nossa amostra considerada. Background and objectives Currently there is no agreement regarding which one is the most adequate anesthetic technique for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Peribulbar block may reduce the incidence of oculocardiac reflex and postoperative apnea. The goal of this study was to report the outcomes of peribulbar block, when combined with general anesthesia, for the laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity, in premature babies. Methods A retrospective analysis of anesthetic records of all babies who underwent laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity from January 2008 through December 2015 in a tertiary hospital was performed. Results During that period a total of six babies was submitted to laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity, all under peribulbar block combined with general anesthesia. A single infratemporal injection of 0.15 mL.kg −1 per eye ropivacaine 1% or 0.75% was performed. At the end of the procedure, all babies resumed spontaneous ventilation. No perioperative complications were reported. Conclusions Peribulbar block was a safe anesthetic technique in our sample considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease that affects the retina of prematurely born children. Therefore, this study proposed to identify associated factors and to predict retinopathy in prematurity. Method: A cross-sectional study including preterm newborns divided into two groups: with and without retinopathy. The variables were categorized using the likelihood ratio test, and the variables with p-values less than 0.2 were analyzed by a multiple logistic model. The model used the construction of a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve as predicting tool. Results: Of the 296 newborns, 32 (10.81%) had retinopathy. The following variables represented a risk factor according to the logistic model: gestational age = 30 weeks (p-value = 0.0214), birth weight = 1250 grams (p-value = 0.0013) and Apgar score at 1 minute <7 (p-value = 0.0352). The ROC curve with sensitivity of 0.771 and specificity of 0.774 was a precise model, showing accuracy of 0.8448 and a probability point of 0.79. Conclusions: This model can be used to predict retinopathy in premature newborns with a risk factor of 0.79, emphasizing that the need for additional attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Eletronica de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência, frequência e distribuição dos estágios evolutivos da retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) realizado num hospital de nível terciário no Rio de Janeiro. Identificar fatores de risco sistêmicos associados ao seu aparecimento e progressão, descrever o tratamento instituído e evolução dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional de coorte, entre março de 2005 e fevereiro de 2007. Foram examinados 152 recém-natos(RN) prematuros com 32 semanas ou menos de idade gestacional(IG), e ou 1500gramas ou menos de peso ao nascimento(PN). Uma revisão simultânea dos prontuários foi realizada procurando correlação dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da ROP com a clínica encontrada. Foram feitas análises estatísticas descritiva, intervalo de confiança e multivariados (Anova / pós-teste:Tukey). RESULTADOS: Dos 302 olhos examinados, 72,19% estavam normais e 27,81% desenvolveram ROP. O estágio 2 com 29 (9,60%) de olhos acometidos foi o mais prevalente. O tratamento foi indicado em 6,57% dos RN triados, com regressão em 90% dos casos. Houve diferença estatística significativa entre a média dos principais fatores de risco pesquisados de acordo com apresentação clínica da ROP. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil epidemiológico dos RN prematuros no nosso hospital foi definido ao longo desses 2 anos. O APGAR de 1 minuto deve ser levado em consideração nos RN que desenvolveram a ROP e o seu acompanhamento feito com cautela. Os dados referentes aos RN prematuros nesse tipo de estudo são sempre dinâmicos e variáveis, exigindo pesquisas periódicas para se estabelecer estratégias, melhorando o desempenho e resultados nos programas de prevenção a cegueira.

OBJETIVO:Analisar prevalência e fatores de risco para a retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) entre pré-termos com peso de nascimento (PN) d"1.500 gramas e/ou idade gestacional (IG) d"32 semanas admitidos em uma instituição hospitalar universitária de nível terciário. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte institucional, prospectivo e descritivo, realizado entre outubro de 2002 e julho de 2008, incluindo todos os pré-termos com PN d"1.500 gramas e/ou com IG d"32 semanas, que sobreviveram até a 42ª semana de IG corrigida. Foram determinadas a prevalência da ROP em seus vários estadiamentos evolutivos. Os principais fatores de risco para o surgimento da ROP no período pós-natal foram comparados por análises uni e multivariadas entre os pacientes que desenvolveram e os que não desenvolveram a doença. Para a análise das variáveis contínuas entre os dois grupos, foi usado o Teste t (Student) para amostras independentes e para a comparação das variáveis categóricas, o Qui-Quadrado. A regressão logística incluiu as variáveis com significância após a análise univariada. RESULTADOS:Foram estudadas 450 crianças cuja média de PN e IG foram 1.213,50 gramas (± 277,4) e 30,3 semanas (± 2,2), respectivamente. A ROP, em qualquer estadiamento, afetou 24,2% das crianças. Doença limiar, necessitando de tratamento pela fotocoagulação, ocorreu em 24 pacientes (5,3%). Após análise univariada, a IG, o PN, o ganho ponderal do nascimento até a 6ª semana de vida, o uso de oxigenioterapia em ventilação mecânica e de indometacina, as ocorrências de sepse e hemorragia intraventricular e a necessidade de transfusões sanguíneas, estiveram associados com a ROP. A regressão logística confirmou a importância da IG (OR: 0,856; IC95%: 1,141-1,447; P=0,014), do baixo ganho ponderal (OR: 0,997; IC95%: 0,996-0,999; PPURPOSE: This study aims to analyze prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterms with birth weight (BW) d"1,500 grams and/or gestational age (GA) d"32 weeks, admitted in an University level 3 institution. METHODS: An institutional, prospective and descriptive cohort study including all preterms with BW d"1,500 grams and/or GA d"32 weeks, who survived from birth to the 42nd week of postmentrual age, was carried out from October 2002 to July 2008. The prevalence of any stage ROP and the main risk factors of postnatal period for ROP were compared by uni and multivariate analysis. Continuous variables were analysed by Student's t - Test. Chi-square was used to compare cathegoric variables. To the logistic regression were included all of the significant variables after univariate analysis. RESULTS:Retinopathy in any evolutive stage has affected 24.2% of the babies. Threshold disease needing treatment has appeared in 24 patients (5.3%). After univariate analysis, GA, BW, use of mechanical ventilation and indomethacin, occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage and sepsis, and need of blood transfusions, have been associated with ROP. Logistic regression has confirmed the great importance of GA (OR: 0,856; IC95%: 1,141-1,447; P=0,014), low weight gain from birth to the 6th week of life (OR: 0,997; IC95%: 0,996-0,999; P

OBJETIVO: Comparar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para a retinopatia da prematuridade entre pré-termos pequenos para a idade gestacional e pré-termos apropriados para a idade gestacional. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte, prospectivo, incluindo pré-termos com peso de nascimento ≤ 1.500 g e idade gestacional ≤ 32 semanas divididos em dois grupos: apropriados para a idade gestacional ou pequenos para a idade gestacional. As prevalências da retinopatia da prematuridade e os fatores de risco foram estudados nos dois grupos. Regressão logística foi utilizada após análise univariada. RESULTADOS: Foram examinados um total de 345 pacientes: 199 no grupo apropriados para a idade gestacional e 146 no grupo pequenos para a idade gestacional. As médias do peso de nascimento e da idade gestacional na coorte de 345 pacientes foram 1.128,12 g (±239,9) e 29,7 semanas (±1,9), respectivamente. A prevalência da retinopatia da prematuridade em qualquer estadiamento e da retinopatia da prematuridade severa (necessitando tratamento) foi 29,6 e 7%, respectivamente. A retinopatia da prematuridade em qualquer estadiamento ocorreu em 66 apropriados para a idade gestacional (33,2%) e em 36 pequenos para a idade gestacional (24,7%) (p = 0,111). A retinopatia da prematuridade severa ocorreu em 15 apropriados para a idade gestacional (7,5%) e em nove pequenos para a idade gestacional (6,2%) (p = 0,779). Após regressão logística ajustada, o ganho ponderal do nascimento até a sexta semana de vida e a necessidade de transfusões sanguíneas foram fatores de risco significativos para a retinopatia da prematuridade nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo mostrou que ser pequenos para a idade gestacional não foi um fator de risco significativo para o surgimento da retinopatia da prematuridade e que os fatores de risco para a retinopatia da prematuridade são semelhantes em pré-termos pequenos para a idade gestacional e apropriados para a idade gestacional.OBJECTIVE: To analyze prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants born small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA). METHODS: A prospective cohort study included preterm infants with birth weight (BW) ≤ 1,500 grams and gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks, divided into two groups: AGA or SGA. Prevalences and risk factors for ROP were determined in both groups. Logistic regression was used for the significant variables after univariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 345 patients were examined: 199 included in the AGA group and 146 in the SGA. Mean BW and GA in the whole cohort (345 patients) were 1,128.12 grams (±239.9) and 29.7 weeks (±1.9), respectively. The prevalence of any stage ROP and severe ROP (needing treatment) was 29.6 and 7.0%, respectively. ROP in any evolutive stage developed in 66 AGA (33.2%) and in 36 SGA (24.7%) (p = 0.111). Severe ROP occurred in 15 AGA (7.5%) and in nine SGA (6.2%) (p = 0.779). After adjusted logistic regression, weight gain from birth to sixth week of life and need for blood transfusions were found to be significant risk factors for ROP in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that being SGA was not a significant risk factor for any stage ROP or for severe ROP in this cohort and, also, that the risk factors for ROP were similar among SGA and AGA very-low-birth-weight preterm babies.

OBJETIVO: Estudar a freqüência da retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) em qualquer estadiamento e da retinopatia da prematuridade limiar em prematuros que usaram ou não surfactante endotraqueal, para tratamento da síndrome da membrana hialina e avaliar a resposta dos olhos que necessitaram tratamento de ablação da retina periférica. MÉTODOS: Cento e sessenta e oito prematuros, nascidos com 1.500 gramas ou menos e/ou idade gestacional de 32 semanas ou menos, foram triados para a ROP por avaliação oftalmoscópica. Foram comparados os achados de 40 crianças tratadas pelo surfactante endotraqueal com os de 128 que não precisaram desta terapia. A ablação da retina periférica, com laser ou crioterapia, foi realizada nos pacientes com ROP limiar. Para análise estatística foram usados os testes t de Student, qui-quadrado e Kruskal-Wallis, além do teste exato de Fisher com significância para pOBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in any stage and its threshold form in premature infants, either treated or non-treated with exogenous surfactant to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and evaluate the response of eyes with threshold retinopathy to ablation treatment. METHODS: One hundred and sixty eight premature infants who weighed 1500 grams or less and/or who had a gestational age of 32 weeks or less, were screened for ROP by ophthalmoscopy. We compared findings in 40 patients treated with exogenous endotracheal surfactant, with those of 128 patients who did not require such therapy. Ablation of ischaemic peripheral retina, either with laser or cryotherapy, was applied in cases of threshold ROP. For statistical analysis Student's t, qui-square, Kruskal-Wallins and Fisher's exact tests were used, with p value of < 0.05 considered as significant. RESULTS: ROP, in any stage, occurred in 51,2% of children. Threshold ROP, requiring treatment, was found in 12 (7,4%) of them and regressed in 9. There was no significant difference between surfactant treated and non-treated patients, regarding the occurrence of ROP and threshold ROP. CONCLUSION: In this study frequency of ROP can be considered high, when compared with other series. Children with distress respiratory syndrome, treated with surfactant, did not show a higher risk of threshold ROP. Treatment was successfull in promoting disease regression.

OBJETIVO: Descrever os resultados do programa de prevenção da cegueira pela retinopatia da prematuridade implantado em um hospital universitário de nível terciário desde 2002, conforme os critérios de triagem adotados no Brasil, e comparar alguns aspectos com critérios preconizados para outros países. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional descritivo incluindo todos os prematuros nascidos na instituição com peso de nascimento < 1.500 g ou idade gestacional < 32 semanas que sobreviveram até a sexta semana pós-natal no período entre outubro de 2002 e junho de 2006. Os exames oftalmológicos iniciaram na sexta semana de vida e foram repetidos de acordo com a necessidade até a regressão da doença. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 300 recém-nascidos e detectaram-se 18 casos de doença limiar e tratável (18/300, 6%) com o critério brasileiro. Um dos pacientes não realizou tratamento, pois desenvolveu doença após a alta hospitalar e não retornou para exame a tempo de realizar o tratamento. Com critérios sugeridos para países desenvolvidos, haveria redução na totalidade de exames nas mesmas condições, porém não teriam sido detectados 11,76% dos casos de doença limiar. CONCLUSÕES: O critério para a triagem de prematuros definido para o Brasil foi eficaz na detecção dos casos tratáveis da doença. Evitou-se a cegueira em 17 prematuros nesse período. A universalização deste programa em hospitais universitários ou nas redes de saúde pública e privada do país contribuiria para evitar uma das principais causas de cegueira infantil prevenível e tratável nos países em desenvolvimento. No momento atual, haveria risco em se modificar esse critério no Brasil.OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of a program for the prevention of blindness caused by retinopathy of prematurity implemented in 2002 at a tertiary-care hospital, according to screening criteria adopted in Brazil, and to compare some aspects with the criteria adopted by other countries. METHODS: Descriptive observational study including all preterm infants born at this hospital weighing < 1,500 g at birth and/or gestational age < 32 weeks who survived up to the sixth week after birth, between October 2002 and June 2006. Ophthalmic examinations were performed from the sixth week of life and repeated as necessary until remission of the disease. RESULTS: A total of 300 newborns were included and there were 18 cases of treatable threshold disease (18/300, 6%) according to the Brazilian criteria. One patient was not treated because s/he developed the disease after hospital discharge and did not turn up for examination in order to initiate treatment. According to the criteria suggested by industrialized countries, the total number of exams would be reduced under the same circumstances, but 11.76% of the cases of threshold disease would not be detected. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian criteria for neonatal screening were efficient in detecting treatable cases. Blindness was averted in 17 preterm infants in the study period. The universal use of such program at teaching hospitals or in the public and private health networks could help prevent one of the main causes of preventable and treatable blindness among infants in developing countries. Currently, a change in these criteria in Brazil may compromise the diagnosis of some treatable patients.

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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial disease, which alters the normal development of the retina of premature neonates. It is the leading cause of childhood blindness in the world. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent blindness. Our objective was to identify the prevalence of ROP in the Botucatu Medical School Hospital (HCFMB UNESP) and correlate it with neonatal risk factors. We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 302 infants with birth weight < 1,500 g and / or gestational age < 32 weeks, followed up until the 45th week of corrected gestational age. The prevalence of ROP was 18.53% and 14 (6%) neonates with severe illness required treatment. The study showed a significant correlation between the emergence of ROP and the risk factors birth weight, gestational age and twin pregnancy (P <.05). This study is part of an extension project that aims to prevent childhood blindness and to apply educational measures among health professionals, students and premature babies' relatives. It emphasizes the importance of effective screening and treatment of ROP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents a study on the impact blood glucose on the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants. The results revealed several risk factors of ROP including birth weight, gestational age and oxygen therapy. The study concluded that high glucose level is not a risk factor of ROP but it presents the severity of functional immaturity in infants.

The article offers information on a study on the impact of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on vision-related quality of life in children. Topics discussed include the use of Children's Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ) to evaluate vision-related quality of life; risk of preventable childhood blindness; and impact on skill acquisition and global psychomotor development.

Copyright of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)