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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve (MN). The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cross-sectional surface area of the canalis carpi (CC), median nerve (MN), and flexor tendons (FTs) in patients diagnosed with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with those of the unaffected side, utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additionally, the study aimed to assess and compare the volume of the CC and MN between the affected and unaffected sides. 18 unilateral CTS female patients were included in this study. Magnetic resonance images were obtained using a 1.5-T MRI scanner. The sectional surface area and volume of the CC, MN, and structures inside were measured using Analyze version 12.0 software. The sectional surface area and volume of the CC and MN were significantly larger on the CTS side than on the healthy side (p<0.05). The results showed that the cross-sectional surface area of CC gradually decreased towards the beginning and end of the CC, but the values were higher on the side with CTS than on the healthy side (p<0.05). The cross-sectional surface area of the CC, MN, and FTs was significantly larger on the CTS side compared to the healthy side. Furthermore, the volumes of the CC and MN were notably elevated on the CTS side in comparison to the healthy side. The measurement of these parameters using MRI may be useful in the diagnosis and assessment of CTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: wrist ligament injuries and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) lesions are common but often underdiagnosed conditions causing chronic wrist pain. The diagnostic challenge necessitates a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies, and arthroscopy, considered the gold standard. Ligament injuries, particularly scapholunate ligament (SL), and TFCC lesions account for significant wrist instability and ulnar-sided wrist pain, respectively. Material and methods: this retrospective observational study, conducted at Hospital Ángeles Pedregal, Mexico City, aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of wrist magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to arthroscopic findings. The sample included patients with clinical suspicion of wrist ligament or TFCC lesions who underwent both wrist MRI and arthroscopy. Clinical examination maneuvers were also evaluated. The study assessed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for each diagnostic modality. Results: arthroscopic evaluation, considered the gold standard, revealed a high prevalence of TFCC and scapholunate ligament lesions (96.6% and 96.6%, respectively). Sensitivity for TFCC lesions on MRI was 71.4%, with 100% specificity. For ligament injuries (SL, lunotriquetral, and radioscapholunate), sensitivities ranged from 21.4% to 60.7%, with 100% specificity. Clinical examination showed higher sensitivity (29.2% to 89.3%) but lower specificity (0% to 100%) compared to MRI. Conclusion: wrist MRI remains the non-invasive imaging choice, although discrepancies exist between MRI and arthroscopic findings, emphasizing the need for careful interpretation. Clinical examination enhances sensitivity but lacks specificity. The study highlights the ongoing challenge in achieving optimal diagnostic accuracy for wrist ligament and TFCC lesions, emphasizing the importance of a multimodal diagnostic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: lumbar foraminal stenosis refers to the constriction of the lateral canal through which the nerve root exits the spinal canal in the lumbar spine. It occurs in 8-11% of patients aged over 40 years. Failure to detect and alleviate foraminal constriction can contribute to up to 60% of instances of unsuccessful lumbar surgery. This study aimed to develop an index to assess the extent of foraminal narrowing, thereby aiding decisions regarding direct or indirect foraminal decompression. Material and methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 49 patients, wherein measurements of all five lumbar foramina were taken using X-rays and simple magnetic resonance imaging. These measurements primarily focused on the foraminal width and the lower endplate, which were then correlated to establish a foraminal width/lower endplate index. Results: the foraminal width/lower endplate index < 10% yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 3.07 on lateral radiography, 3.59 on flexion radiography, and 4.01 on extension radiography. In MRI, an OR of 0.195 was found for the left foramina, while an OR of 3.07 was observed for the right foramina. Conclusion: this study paves the way for further exploration of preoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes across various surgical decompression methods guided by the FW/LE index. To enhance decision making, it is recommended to conduct research comparing pre- and postoperative clinical findings in individual patients, considering their FW/LE index measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: arthroscopy is the gold standard for detecting rotator cuff tears, but its invasive nature limits widespread use. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves as a precise alternative. The correlation and diagnostic agreement between MRI and arthroscopy are unclear in the Mexican population. Material and methods: adults with rotator cuff syndrome who underwent shoulder arthroscopy and MRI were included. Findings were classified as total tear (100%), partial tear grade I (< 50%), partial tear grade II (≥ 50%), or no tear. Concordance and correlation between MRI and arthroscopy were evaluated. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MRI for diagnosing rotator cuff tears were calculated. Results: we included 147 patients with rotator cuff syndrome. MRI identified tears in 83%, of which 91.8% were confirmed by arthroscopy. Diagnostic agreement between arthroscopy and MRI was moderate (kappa = 0.452, p = 0.0001). Similarly, arthroscopy and MRI showed moderate agreement in classifying partial tears grade I, partial tears grade II, and complete tears (kappa = 0.412, p = 0.0001). Significant correlations were found in detecting partial tears grade I, partial tears grade II, and complete tears (rho = 0.77, p = 0.0001) between MRI and arthroscopy. Conclusions: magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy demonstrated moderate diagnostic agreement (kappa = 0.452, p = 0.0001) along with a strong positive correlation (rho = 0.77, p = 0.0001) for detecting rotator cuff tears, regardless of severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introducción: la patología tumoral espinal aunque no el blanco primordial en neurocirugía es una de las patologías más frecuentes. Objetivo: diseño de un algoritmo que permita asociar los hallazgos clínicos, epidemiológicos e imagenológicos de pacientes con lesiones espinales, en función de su gravedad y evolución, como protocolo clínico de manejo del paciente con tumoración espinal basado en la revisión estadística del CMDLT. Métodos: investigación clínico-epidemiológica, retrospectiva, observacional, descriptiva y asociativa. partiendo de la revisión documental, prueba diagnóstica inicial hasta la evolución de la condición clínica, así como de su desenlace en un período de 10 años. Resultados: se obtuvo 93 casos, la edad promedio fue de 55,1 años, sexo masculino 53%, foráneos 59,14%, síntomas: dolor 76,34%, paresia 59,14%, alteración: sensitiva 39,78%, de ROT 24,53%, esfinteriana 9,68% signos radiculares 7,53%, antecedentes significativos en 50,54%, siendo predominante el metastásico. Patología: malignidad en 50,54%, tiempo de resolución quirúrgica menor a un día en 53,76%. El estudio de elección fue la RMN en 84,95%, el nivel afectado más frecuente T12, ubicación: ósea 58,06%, evolución satisfactoria en un 54,84%. Conclusiones: la resonancia magnética, fue un elemento diagnóstico decisivo, la presencia de lesión ósea relacionada con malignidad y las lesiones extramedulares con un resultado benigno. El dolor asociado al resultado de anatomía patológica reflejaría ser un predictor más riesgoso a padecer una condición al alta hospitalaria desfavorable.

Se recolectaron las características epidemiológicas y radiológicas de patología meniscal, lesión del LCA y de lesiones osteocondrales en los pacientes que acudieron a realizarse resonancias magnéticas de rodilla en el Servicio de Imagenología al Centro Médico Docente la Trinidad en el año 2022 y 2023. De un total de 1063 estudios de rodilla; 387 (36.4%) estudios demostraron presencia de lesión osteocondral, siendo el lugar de mayor frecuencia la rótula, seguido del compartimiento interno. Con respecto a la patología meniscal, 567 (53.4%) de los pacientes presentaron lesión, siendo el cuerno posterior la ubicación más frecuente tanto del menisco interno como del externo. El número de pacientes con patología del LCA fue de 289 (27.2%). El grupo etario con mayor frecuencia de dichas patologías osciló entre 50-69 años.

Desde hace algunas décadas la resonancia magnética ha tenido una gran importancia diagnóstica, basándose principalmente en secuencias de T1, T2 y STIR. Las secuencias de difusión DWI y ADC, se encuentran en estudio desde hace unos años debido a su gran uso e importancia para evaluar estructuras como abdomen, musculoesqueléticas y sobre todo en patologías localizadas en cráneo. Debido a su gran valor diagnóstico se han estudiado las secuencias de difusión en resonancia magnética como herramienta para la evaluación de patologías de columna vertebral, ya que surge como una alternativa en constante evolución que podría permitir ayudar a caracterizar mejor las lesiones benignas de las malignas en columna y a su vez poder garantizar un tratamiento adecuado, eficiente y precoz ante patologías que van en constante aumento de morbilidad.

Estudio observacional multicéntrico descriptivo sobre los hallazgos en resonancia magnética con énfasis en la secuencia de STIR, en un periodo de 8 años. Se evaluaron 907 pacientes, todas mujeres, donde el 12,67% fueron positivas para biopolímeros. Se clasificaron los hallazgos imagenológicos en distribución (nodular, difusa y mixta), infiltración muscular local y a distancia, grado de infiltración muscular (del 1 al 4) y migración. En relación al tipo de distribución el 23,4% presentaron una distribución difusa, un 33% mixta y un 41,7% nodular. El 80% de las pacientes presentaron migración del biopolímero y el grado 3 de infiltración muscular fue el más frecuente. Se presentaron complicaciones de tipo colecciones en 6 de nuestras pacientes. Se demostró que existe una correlación significativa con P-valores

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Copyright of Revista Tecno Lógicas is the property of Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El cáncer de mama es una de las principales causas de muerte en mujeres en el mundo, por lo que su detección de forma temprana se ha convertido en una prioridad para salvar vidas. Para el diagnóstico de este tipo de cáncer existen técnicas como la imagen de resonancia magnética dinámica con realce de contraste (DCE-MRI, por sus siglas en inglés), la cual usa un agente de contraste para realzar las anomalías en el tejido de la mama, lo que mejora la detección y caracterización de posibles tumores. Como limitación, los estudios de DCE-MRI suelen tener un costo alto, hay poca disponibilidad de equipos para realizarlos, y en algunos casos los medios de contraste pueden generar efectos adversos por reacciones alérgicas. Considerando lo anterior, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo el uso de modelos de aprendizaje profundo para la generación de imágenes sintéticas postcontraste en estudios de DCE-MRI. La metodología consistió en el desarrollo de una función de costo denominada pérdida en las regiones con realce de contraste que aprovecha el comportamiento de la captación del agente de contraste. Como resultado se entrenaron dos nuevas arquitecturas de aprendizaje profundo, las cuales hemos denominado G- RiedGAN y D-RiedGAN, para la generación de imágenes postcontraste en estudios de DCE-MRI, a partir de imágenes precontraste. Finalmente, se concluye que las métricas proporción máxima señal ruido, índice de similitud estructural y error absoluto medio muestran que las arquitecturas propuestas mejoran el proceso de síntesis de las imágenes postcontraste preservando mayor similitud entre las imágenes sintéticas y las imágenes reales, esto en comparación con los modelos base en el estado del arte.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity and specificity seem to be less studied in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). We aimed to determine the ability of sacroiliac MRI to diagnose ERA patients. We conducted a retrospective study including 44 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Each patient had a sacroiliac joint MRI. We divided patients into two groups: G1 patients with ERA and G2 patients with non-ERA subtype. ERA was noted in 61% of the cases. Sacroiliac joints were painful in 15 patients (34%). MRI was normal in 25 patients (57%) (G1:11 versus G2:14) and showed bone marrow edema in the sacroiliac joints in 19 patients (34%) (G1 = 16 versus G2 = 3, p = 0.005). Sacroiliac joints MRI's sensitivity and specificity in the ERA diagnosis were 61.54% and 82.35%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 84.21% and 58.33%, respectively. Furthermore, sacroiliac joint pain in the clinical examination was able to predict sacroiliac bone edema in MRI with an odds ratio of 6.8 (95% CI 1.68–28.09; p = 0.006). Our study showed that sacroiliac joint MRI has good specificity and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of ERA patients among JIA patients. This underlines the usefulness of sacroiliac joint MRI in the early diagnosis of ERA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the presence of joint lumbar roots as a finding in patients referred for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study with a diagnosis of low back pain. Method: Retrospective study in patients with low back pain who underwent MRI, between January 1 and December 31, 2021, at the Centro Integral de Interpretación para el Diagnóstico (CIID) of the Polanco Medical Laboratory. Results: Nine hundred nineteen cases were included, finding joint nerve roots in 10 (1.088%) patients between 21 and 75 years old, all at the L5-S1 level with indistinct presentation of gender and laterality. The signs found in all cases, 100% with a parallel sign, 70% with a corner sign and 50% with a fat crescent sign, as well as presentation associations between them. Conclusion: The diagnosis of the joint nerve root is a serendipity that cannot be differentiated by some sociodemographic characteristic and even some imaging data. Being that the main symptom is low back pain, it does not work as a pathognomonic indicator of the disease either. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gluteal pain is a frequent cause of medical attention in the daily clinical practice. It can be caused by multiple pathologies, being ischiofemoral impingement syndrome among those included in its differential diagnosis. Encompassed within the deep gluteal syndromes, this entity occurs as a consequence of the entrapment of the neuromuscular structures between the lesser femoral trochanter and the ischial tuberosity, causing pain in the root of the lower limb, with irradiation towards the thigh or the gluteal region and poor tolerance to deambulation and sedestation. The magnetic resonance imaging of the hip is fundamental for its diagnosis, and its management consists on medical treatment at onset. Despite not being a frequent diagnosis in the clinical practice in rheumatology, keeping it in mind helps improving its prognosis by establishing an early and adequate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: la intoxicación por monóxido de carbono (CO) es un problema grave de salud. La aparición de secuelas neurológicas tardías incluye trastornos cognitivos, mentales, síntomas piramidales o extrapiramidales. Caso clínico: paciente de 12 años, sexo femenino, luego de 15 días de una intoxicación aguda grave por CO, presenta movimientos coreoatetoideos de miembros superiores, distonías de cuello, discinesias de cara, bradipsiquia y dificultades en la memoria. Resonancia magnética: lesiones isquémicas en globo pálido bilateral, sustancia blanca de hipocampo y cerebelo. Discusión: es fundamental el seguimiento posterior al alta para reconocer las secuelas neurológicas tardías, incluyendo la realización de pruebas neuropsicológicas estandarizadas.

Introduction: In most cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) initially presents as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Differentiating CIS from other acute or subacute neurological diseases and estimating the risk of progression to clinically definite MS is essential since presenting a second episode in a short time is associated with poorer long-term prognosis. Development: We conducted a literature review to evaluate the usefulness of different variables in improving diagnostic accuracy and predicting progression from CIS to MS, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and such biofluid markers as oligoclonal IgG and IgM bands, lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands in the CSF, CSF kappa free light-chain (KFLC) index, neurofilament light chain (NfL) in the CSF and serum, and chitinase 3–like protein 1 (CHI3L1) in the CSF and serum. Conclusions: Codetection of oligoclonal IgG bands and MRI lesions reduces diagnostic delays and suggests a high risk of CIS progression to MS. A KFLC index > 10.6 and CSF NfL concentrations > 1150 ng/L indicate that CIS is more likely to progress to MS within one year (40%–50%); 90% of patients with CIS and serum CHI3L1 levels > 33 ng/mL and 100% of those with lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands present MS within one year of CIS onset. Resumen: Introducción: La mayoría de los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM) debutan con un síndrome clínico aislado (SCA). Es importante diferenciar este SCA de otras patologías neurológicas agudas o subagudas y estimar el riesgo de desarrollar una esclerosis múltiple clínicamente definida (EMCD), pues un segundo ataque clínico en un corto periodo de tiempo se asocia con peor pronóstico a largo plazo. Desarrollo: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de contrastar diferentes variables, tales como la resonancia magnética (RM) y diferentes marcadores biofluídicos como las bandas oligoclonales IgG (BOC), bandas oligoclonales IgM (BOCM), bandas oligoclonales IgM lípido específicas (BOCM-LE), índice de cadenas ligeras libres Kappa (κ index) mediante la determinación de las cadenas ligera libres kappa en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), neurofilamentos de cadenas ligeras en LCR (NfLL) y suero (NfLS) y la proteína chitinasa 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) en LCR (CHI3L1L) y suero (CHI3L1S), con el objetivo de mejorar la precisión diagnóstica y predecir los riesgos de un segundo ataque clínico tras un SCA. Conclusión: Unas BOC positivas junto con la identificación de lesiones por RM, reducirán el tiempo de diagnóstico y nos indicaran que la mayoría de los pacientes con SCA evolucionaran a EM. Un κ index >10.6 y una concentración de NfLL > 1150 ng/L, nos indican que los SCA tienen más probabilidades de convertirse en EM durante el primer año (40%/50%). El 90% de los pacientes con SCA y niveles de CHI3L1S >33 ng/mL, y el 100% con presencia BOCM-LE se convierten en EM durante el primer año.

La utilización de tecnologías sanitarias sin indicación clínica supone un gasto sanitario innecesario. En este artículo, se analizan las percepciones del personal médico acerca de la influencia que la actitud de los y las pacientes y de otros factores contextuales tiene en la demanda de Resonancias Magnéticas (RM). Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas con profesionales de diferentes especialidades médicas (n=36). Tras un análisis de contenido, los resultados se triangularon dentro del equipo de investigación. Los resultados indican que el personal médico identifica que la creciente actitud demandante de los y las pacientes, en un contexto de atención sanitaria con déficit de tiempo en las consultas y alta rotación de profesionales, condiciona la solicitud de RM. Se concluye que es fundamental reforzar la confianza y la comunicación médico/a-paciente, así como dotar de tiempo y estabilidad en las consultas para utilizar racionalmente los recursos sanitarios.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Diagnosis is based on the Mc-Donalds criteria, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) which assesses disease progression. These criteria do not include the recently described cortical lesions. The aim of the study was to describe the most frequent location and morphology of cortical lesions in patients with MS in Puebla, Mexico. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted on patients with MS at a tertiary care hospital. Patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting, secondary-progressive, and progressive-relapsing MS variants with cranial magnetic resonance imaging were included in the study. Age, sex, MS variant, EDSS score, cognitive impairment, annual relapse rate, morphology, location, and number of cortical lesions were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used. To compare features between groups, the χ2 test was used, and for correlations, the Spearman's Correlation Coefficient was used. A p = 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Twenty-five patients met the selection criteria. The most frequent location of cortical lesions was the parietal region 84%, and the second was the temporal region 16%. The most common morphology was juxtacortical at 64% and mixed at 36%. The most frequent variant of MS was relapsing-remitting, present in 92%, and 8% had the secondary progressive variant. In the EDSS scale, the scores most frequently observed were 0.0 and 3.5. Conclusions: The most frequent location of cortical lesions was in the parietal region, and the most common morphology was juxtacortical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Villous adenomas are a type of adenoma with a high potential for malignant transformation, frequent in the colon (rectum, sigmoid and right colon). Generally asymptomatic, they can be hypersecretory causing diarrhea and significant fluid and electrolyte depletion, a condition called McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome. Those of larger size and distal are at greater risk of developing this syndrome. We present the case of a 69-year-old male, with diarrhea for a year, hospitalized for dehydration and electrolyte disturbance. Imaging and complementary studies with a large tumor in the rectum; histopathological result invasive adenocarcinoma with precursor lesion villous adenoma integrating the clinical entity of McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en Odontoestomatologia is the property of Ediciones Avances SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Spinal cord infarction is a rare disease with a high rate of morbidity. Its diagnosis can be challenging and controversy remains regarding the best treatment. Few case series have been published. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of cases of spinal cord infarction attended in a tertiary hospital from 1999 to 2020. Aetiology and clinical, imaging, and prognostic features were assessed. Results: Forty-one patients (58.5% men, mean [standard deviation] age 61 [17] years) were included in the study. Thirty-one patients (75.6%) presented vascular risk factors. Motor deficits were recorded in 39 (95.1%), pain in 20 (48.8%), sensory deficits in 33 (80.4%), and autonomic dysfunction in 24 (58.5%). MRI was performed in 37 (90.2%) patients. Diffusion-weighted images were available for 12 patients, with 10 showing diffusion restriction. The thoracic region was the most frequently affected (68.2%). Vascular imaging studies were performed in 33 patients (80.4%). The most frequent aetiologies were aortic dissection (6 cases), atherosclerosis demonstrated by vascular imaging (6 cases), fibrocartilaginous embolism (6 cases), surgery (5 cases), and hypotension (4 cases). Aetiology was undetermined in 12 patients (29.3%), although 9 of these presented vascular risk factors. At the end of the follow-up period (median, 24 months; interquartile range, 3–70), 12 patients (29.2%) were able to walk without assistance. Vascular risk factors and paraparesis were significantly associated with poorer prognosis (P

Objetivo: Realizar una descripción anatómica de las estructuras involucradas en el abordaje para la técnica de abordaje lateral (fusión intersomática lateral extrema) basada en imágenes de resonancia magnética en decúbito dorsal. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de 200 pacientes evaluados con resonancia magnética de columna lumbosacra. Se tomaron mediciones en cortes axiales para determinar el posicionamiento de la vena cava, la arteria aorta, y el ancho y la altura del músculo psoas a fin de delimitar zonas de seguridad y de riesgo. Resultados: La muestra final incluyó a 164 pacientes con una edad media de 50.4 años en los hombres y 50.6 años en las mujeres. La arteria aorta abdominal en su recorrido hasta el espacio L3-L4 se ubica predominantemente del lado izquierdo en la zona A y, al llegar al espacio L4-L5, en el 95,7% de los pacientes, se observó la bifurcación de las arterias ilíacas. La vena cava mostró una tendencia de localización hacia el lado derecho y su bifurcación a nivel de L4-L5. Conclusiones: La planificación preoperatoria y la delimitación de la zona segura representan un método sencillo para evaluar la posición relativa de las estructuras anatómicas neurales y vasculares en relación con el área quirúrgica. Este método puede ayudar a los cirujanos de columna a prevenir complicaciones perioperatorias.

El retinoblastoma es el tumor intraocular más frecuente en la población infantil, estimando que su incidencia anual en el mundo es de un caso por cada 15 mil a 20 mil nacidos vivo. El estudio de elección para evaluar a estos pacientes es la resonancia magnética debido a que muestra mejor las características del tumor y su posible diseminación a otras estructuras. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de las resonancias magnéticas de órbita practicadas a pacientes con diagnóstico de retinoblastoma que acudieron al servicio de imágenes del Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad desde el primero de enero del 2022 hasta el 31 de mayo del 2023 con el objetivo de caracterizarlos, identificar cuantos cursaron con patología unilateral, bilateral o trilateral, revisar si habían sido operados, conocer si presentaron diseminación de la enfermedad y detallar los hallazgos más frecuentes en los pacientes no operados. Se obtuvo una muestra compuesta por 47 estudios, conformada por pacientes con una edad promedio de 4.37 años, con predominio del sexo femenino con un 59.57%, el 87.23%, presentó retinoblastoma unilateral siendo el ojo derecho el más afectado en el 46.81% de los casos y el izquierdo 40.43%; el 12.77% restante tuvo presentación trilateral. El 89.36% de los pacientes habían sido operados, el 89% de los pacientes no tuvo diseminación de la enfermedad. En el 34% de los pacientes evaluados se observó la presencia de alguna sinusopatía.

The spine is the third most frequent location for metastatic disease, after the lung and liver. On the other hand, the most frequent bone tumours are metastases and the spine is the main location. A review of the different imaging techniques available, both radiological and nuclear medicine, and the morphological appearance of spinal metastases in each of them is performed. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for detection of spinal metastases. It is important to make the differential diagnosis between vertebral fracture of osteoporotic and pathological cause. Spinal cord compression is a serious complication of metastatic disease and its assessment by imaging through objective scales is decisive for estimating spinal stability and therefore establishing treatment. Lastly, percutaneous intervention techniques are briefly discussed. Resumen: La columna vertebral es la tercera ubicación más frecuente para la enfermedad metastásica, después del pulmón y el hígado. Por otra parte, los tumores óseos más recurrentes son las metástasis, siendo la columna su principal lugar de localización. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de las diferentes técnicas de imagen disponibles, tanto radiológicas como de medicina nuclear, y de la apariencia morfológica de las metástasis de columna en cada una de ellas. La resonancia magnética es la mejor modalidad de imagen para la detección de metástasis en la columna. Es importante efectuar el diagnóstico diferencial entre fractura vertebral de causa osteoporótica y patológica. La compresión medular es una complicación grave de la enfermedad metastásica y su valoración mediante imagen a través de escalas objetivas es determinante para la estimación de la estabilidad de la columna y, por consiguiente, para establecer el tratamiento. Por último, se comentan brevemente las técnicas de intervencionismo percutáneo.

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Being able to determine the total hepatic volume (THV), or THV, becomes relevant in various situations, such as monitoring the progress of a chronic disease, planning resections and liver transplants; and observation of the hepatic clearance of some hepatotropic drugs. THV can be performed using segmentation methods in the course of a computed tomography (CT), whether manual, automatic, or semi-automated; by nuclear resonance (NR), using software from different generations (1st to 4st). THV measurement is indicated in patients undergoing major liver resections, in the context of treatment of neoplasms (hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, liver metastases or large benign tumors), abscesses (pyogenic, amoebic), and after liver trauma complex, as well as in the preoperative stage of a liver transplant. The aim of this manuscript was to generate a study document regarding methods for determine hepatic volumetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kranion is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Stereotactic brain biopsy, which employs imaging techniques such as computed tomography, is an important tool not only for obtaining an accurate diagnosis but also for avoiding damage to vital structures. Methods: We collected data through our computer-based system Comprehensive Hospital Administration System (CHAS) and the images through Synapse, an internet-based software in our medical center. Only one neurosurgeon performed all biopsy procedures, and all biopsy materials were evaluated by two pathologists. Results: Our diagnostic performance was average for a total of 83.87% compared to the greatest series resulting > 90%, and 39 of them matched the magnetic resonance image with the histopathological diagnosis for a total of 62%, which is considered low. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic diagnosis had a 74% correlation, which is considered average. Histopathological diagnosis is entirely dependent on pathology specialists, which is why we need an initial guideline in this case, magnetic resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine congenital malformations by MRI in 147 canines that underwent a brain scan by medical recommendation between 2017 and 2022 in Quito, Ecuador. The result was related to the sex, age, and breed of each patient. Sixteen patients were identified by MRI with the presence of congenital malformations. The age group for these pathologies was between 3 months and 7 years and only 1 patient older than 7 years was found. The most frequently diagnosed lesion was hydrocephalus 8.2% (n=12/147), Chiari-Like malformation 1.4% (n=2/147), a diagnosis of dysgenesis of the corpus callosum 0.7% (n=1/147) and 1 case of alteration of the septum pellucidum, 0.7% (n=1/l47). Hydrocephalus occurred more frequently between 3 months and 7 years, in Pug, English Bulldog, and brachycephalic dogs. Chiari malformations were the second most common type, diagnosed between 1 and 7 years of age, and were found in a brachycephalic patient of the Chihuahua breed and a mesocephalic patient of the Yorkshire Terrier breed. The most frequently diagnosed lesions were hydrocephalus (8.2%) and Chiari malformation (1.4%), with an age of presentation mostly up to 7 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex determination of unknown persons plays an important role in forensic science. As most bones used for sex determination are recovered in incomplete state, it is often necessary to use bones that are recovered intact e.g., the sphenoid sinus. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of sphenoid sinuses dimensions for sex determination using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images in Chinese adults. MRI images of 79 sphenoid sinuses (from 44 men and 35 women) were retrospectively selected. The height, anterior-posterior diameter, area, and perimeter were measured in the midsagittal view of the sphenoid sinuses. All data were subjected to descriptive and discriminative functional analysis with unpaired t-test and canonical discriminant. Comparison between male and female groups showed significant statistical differences regarding the height, anterior-posterior diameter, area, and perimeter of sphenoid sinuses. The predictive accuracy rate of the sphenoid sinus to identify sex was 63.6 % in males and 62.9 % in females with an overall accuracy of 63.3 %. This study proposed the importance of sexual dimorphism of sphenoid sinus dimensions, especially if other methods are not available. It suggested using MRI in forensics science thus obviating the complete dependence on the usage of conventional computed tomography (CT) and facilitating the study of forensic anatomy at the level of soft tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: El absceso epidural espinal piógeno es la localización de una colección infecciosa dentro del canal raquídeo, por fuera del saco dural. El diagnóstico es difícil y las consecuencias son devastadoras a causa de la compresión o el compromiso vascular. La resonancia magnética tiene una alta sensibilidad y especificidad diagnósticas que aumentan si se administra un medio de contraste. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: determinar la reproducibilidad inter- e intraobservador, y discriminar los distintos parámetros y diferencias entre especialidades. Materiales y Métodos: Veintisiete observadores independientes evaluaron 5 parámetros: región, ubicación, compromiso, asociación y perivertebral, absceso extravertebral anterior, lateral o posterior. Se analizaron 35 casos en tres oportunidades, se utilizó el coeficiente kappa. Resultados: El nivel de acuerdo global intra- e interobservador global fue kappa 0,76; los valores obtenidos fueron: región 0,94; ubicación 0,88; compromiso 0,55; asociación 0,67 y perivertebral 0,77. Los tres primeros parámetros dan noción de volumen y los dos últimos reflejan la presencia de focos infecciosos vertebrales por fuera del conducto. Conclusiones: La clasificación morfológica propuesta es de uso simple y tiene una muy buena tasa de reproducibilidad intra- e interobservador. Los parámetros con mayor reproducibilidad son: región y ubicación (>0,87).

Resumen: Introducción: Las condropatías rotulianas son patologías caracterizadas por dolor y daño al cartílago articular. Ciertas enfermedades reumatológicas suelen afectar articulaciones de gran tamaño, especialmente la rodilla. Objetivos: Analizar la prevalencia de condropatía rotulianas en MRI 3T y su relación con enfermedades reumatológicas; así como correlacionar con datos sociodemográficos (edad y sexo); referir el tipo de condropatía y su respectiva gravedad. Materiales y métodos: Fueron recogidos informes e imágenes de MRI 3T de rodillas de 131 pacientes en el período de diciembre de 2020 a enero de 2021. Demás datos fueron recogidos desde los sistemas informáticos de la clínica y salud pública y encuesta telefónica. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 131 pacientes a partir de 153 exámenes de MRI, la mayoría entre 40 y 60 años. Del total de participantes, 55% (n=72) presentaron condropatía rotuliana, siendo 30,5% portadores de condromalacia (n=22) y 52,7% mujeres (n= 38). La mayoría de los pacientes (47,2%) presentaron grado III según la clasificación de Outerbridge. El 63,6% de los portadores de enfermedades reumatológicas tenían condropatía rotuliana. Conclusión: La mayoría de los pacientes sometidos a MRI 3T de rodillas tenían condropatía rotuliana, siendo más prevalente condropatía de grado III en mujeres. Hay un riesgo 2,18 veces mayor en tener condromalacia cuando se tiene alguna condropatía rotuliana. El riesgo de padecer de enfermedad reumática es casi cinco veces mayor cuando si tiene condropatía. El envejecimiento aumenta el riesgo de padecer enfermedad reumática en 1,03 veces. Ser portador de condromalacia aumenta en 4,34 veces el riesgo de padecer enfermedad reumatológica.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women; the most frequent sites of metastasis are to the bone, lung and liver and less common to the skin. The purpose of this case series is to review the clinical and imaging presentation of patients with skin metastases secondary to breast cancer. Method: Retrospective, crosssectional study. A review of the results of cutaneous metastases due to breast cancer was carried out in our institution over a period of 5 years; its clinical and imaging findings were analyzed. Our results are compared with that reported in the literature. Results: The prevalence of skin metastases was 0.6%, the age range was from 36 to 68 years. Most of our patients presented palpable nodularity. The most common ultrasound finding was multiple nodules with indistinct and avascular margins on color Doppler. The diagnosis was by ultrasound and biopsy. Conclusion: Cutaneous metastases due to breast cancer are rare, however it is extremely important for the radiologist to know this pathology for its diagnosis, in order to provide adequate treatment and reduce the mortality of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discoid meniscus comprises a morphological variant of the menisci, characterized by changes in microarchitecture, vascularity, and abnormal stabilizing mechanisms, altering the biomechanics of the knee, predisposing it to intrasubstance degeneration and tears at an earlier age. Its incidence is unknown since it can occur in asymptomatic patients, usually as an incidental finding on magnetic resonance imaging. However, some patients may have symptoms, for instance pain and instability, and may present more significant alterations, such as joint blockage. These symptoms may occur for long periods of time, leading to early osteoarthritic changes. Because its diagnosis is mainly incidental, it is extremely important to know its characteristics and clinical implications. Its treatment is still in controversy and continues to be a real challenge, mainly for orthopedists. The purpose of this work is to review the literature in order to update concepts such as etiology, diagnosis, classification and therapy from what was found in the literature in the last 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La Dermatomiositis (DM) es una enfermedad inflamatoria autoinmune que afecta la piel y músculos proximales del tronco. Se caracteriza por elevación de enzimas musculares y autoanticuerpos específicos como los anti-Mi2, anti-sintetasas, anti-TIF1γ, anti-NXP2 y anti-SAE. Cada uno de ellos con diversos grados de compromiso cutáneo y de otros órganos. El anti-Mi2 es el autoanticuerpo asociado a la DM clásica del adulto y aunque la miositis es severa la respuesta al tratamiento es favorable. Los anticuerpos anti-TIF1γ, anti-NXP2 y anti-SAE en los adultos se los asocia a malignidad y en los niños el anti-NXP2 con mayor agresividad. La resonancia magnética es una herramienta útil para identificar inflamación muscular y compromiso de la fascia peri muscular y grasa subcutánea, típico de la miopatía inflamatoria idiopática. Ayuda a seleccionar el sitio de la biopsia muscular y evaluar respuesta terapéutica. Se presenta un paciente adulto con DM clásica severa, anti-Mi2 positiva, e imágenes de cambios de intensidad en la señal en músculo, fascia peri muscular y grasa subcutánea en las secuencias de resonancia magnética.

Objective: To study the clinico-radiological paradox in multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse by analyzing the number and location of gadolinium-enhanced (Gd+) lesions on brain MRI before methylprednisolone (MP) treatment. Methods: We analyzed brain MRI from 90 relapsed MS patients in two Phase IV multicenter double-blind randomized clinical trials that showed the noninferiority of different routes and doses of MP administration. A 1.5- or 3-T brain MRI was performed at baseline before MP treatment and within 15 days of symptom onset. The number and location of Gd+ lesions were analyzed. Associations were studied using univariate analysis. Results: Sixty-two percent of patients had at least 1 Gd+ brain lesion; the median number was 1 (interquartile range 0–4), and 41% of patients had 2 or more lesions. The most frequent location of Gd+ lesions was subcortical (41.4%). Gd+ brain lesions were found in 71.4% of patients with brainstem-cerebellum symptoms, 57.1% with spinal cord symptoms and 55.5% with optic neuritis (ON). Thirty percent of patients with brain symptoms did not have Gd+ lesions, and only 43.6% of patients had symptomatic Gd+ lesions. The univariate analysis showed a negative correlation between age and the number of Gd+ lesions (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Most patients with relapse showed several Gd+ lesions on brain MRI, even when the clinical manifestation was outside of the brain. Our findings illustrate the clinico-radiological paradox in MS relapse and support the value of brain MRI in this scenario. Resumen: Objetivo: Estudiar la paradoja clínico-radiológica en el brote de la esclerosis múltiple (EM) mediante el análisis de lesiones captantes de gadolinio (Gd+) en la RM cerebral antes del tratamiento con metilprednisolona (MP). Métodos: Analizamos la RM cerebral basal de 90 pacientes con EM en brote de 2 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados multicéntricos fase IV que demostraron la no inferioridad de diferentes vías y dosis de MP, realizadas antes del tratamiento con MP y en los 15 días siguientes a la aparición de los síntomas. Se analizaron el número y la localización de las lesiones Gd+. Se estudiaron las asociaciones mediante análisis univariado. Resultados: El 62% de los pacientes tenía al menos una lesión Gd+ cerebral y el 41% de los pacientes tenía 2 o más lesiones. La localización más frecuente fue la subcortical (41,4%). Se encontraron lesiones Gd+ cerebrales en el 71,4% de los pacientes con síntomas de tronco cerebral o cerebelo, en el 57,1% con síntomas medulares y en el 55,5% con neuritis óptica. El 30% de los pacientes con síntomas cerebrales no tenían lesiones Gd+ y sólo el 4,.6% de los pacientes tenían lesiones Gd+ sintomáticas. El análisis univariante mostró una correlación negativa entre la edad y el número de lesiones Gd+ (p = 0,002). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes en brote mostraron varias lesiones Gd+ en la RM cerebral, incluso cuando la manifestación clínica fue medular u óptica. Nuestros hallazgos ilustran la paradoja clínico-radiológica en el brote de la EM y apoyan el valor de la RM cerebral en este escenario.

Introduction: Peroneal tendon pathologies are an important cause of pain in the lateral aspect of the ankle. It has been proposed in the literature that low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly occupies more space in the retromalleolar groove and could cause laxity of the superior retinaculum which would promote tendon dislocation, tenosynovitis or ruptures. The objective of the study is to characterise the population with low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly and determine the association between the low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly found on magnetic resonance imaging and clinical peroneal tendon dislocation. Methods: A case–control study was developed with a sample of 103 patients. The cases were patients with low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly and peroneal dislocation and the controls were patients with normal implantation of the peroneus brevis muscle and peroneal tendon dislocation. Results: The prevalence of clinical peroneal dislocation in patients with low implantation of the peroneal brevis muscle belly was 7.64%, and the prevalence of clinical peroneal dislocation in patients with normal implantation of the peroneus brevis muscle belly was 8.88%. The OR was 0.85 (CI 0.09–7.44, p = 0.88). Discussion: Our findings indicate that there is no statistically significant relationship between low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly and clinical dislocation of the peroneal tendons. Resumen: Introducción: Las patologías de los tendones peroneos son una causa importante de dolor en la región lateral del tobillo. Se ha propuesto en la literatura que la implantación baja del vientre muscular del peroneo corto ocupa más espacio en el surco retromaleolar y podría causar laxitud del retináculo superior asociándose a luxación de los tendones, tenosinovitis y/o roturas. El objetivo del estudio es caracterizar la población con implantación baja del vientre muscular del peroneo corto y estudiar la asociación entre la implantación baja del vientre muscular del peroneo corto visualizado en la resonancia magnética y la luxación de los tendones peroneos. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio de casos y controles con una muestra de 103 pacientes. Los casos fueron pacientes con luxación de los tendones peroneos e implantación baja del vientre muscular del peroneo corto y los controles pacientes con luxación de los tendones peroneos e implantación normal del vientre muscular del peroneo corto. Resultados: La prevalencia de luxación clínica de los tendones peroneos en pacientes con implantación baja del vientre muscular del peroneo corto fue de 7,64%, y la prevalencia de luxación clínica de los tendones peroneos en pacientes con implantación normal del vientre muscular del peroneo corto fue de 8,88%. El OR fue de 0,85 (IC 0,09-7,44, p = 0,88). Discusión: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que no existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la implantación baja del vientre muscular del peroneo corto y la luxación clínica de los tendones peroneos.

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