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Acute vascular injury provokes an inflammatory response, resulting in neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) and downstream pathologies. The resolution of inflammation is an active process in which specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) and their receptors play a central role. We sought to examine the acute phase response of SPM and their receptors in both circulating blood and the arterial wall in a rat angioplasty model. We found that the ratio of proresolving to pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (LM) in plasma decreased sharply 1 day after vascular injury, then increased slightly by day 7, while that in arteries remained depressed. Granulocyte expression of SPM receptors ALX/FPR2 and DRV2/GPR18, and a leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 increased postinjury, while ERV1/ChemR23 expression was reduced early and then recovered by day 7. Importantly, we show unique arterial expression patterns of SPM receptors in the acute setting, with generally low levels through day 7 that contrasted sharply with that of the pro-inflammatory CCR2 receptor. Overall, these data document acute, time-dependent changes of LM biosynthesis and SPM receptor expression in plasma, leukocytes, and artery walls following acute vascular injury. A biochemical imbalance between inflammation and resolution LM pathways appears persistent 7 days after angioplasty in this model. These findings may help guide therapeutic approaches to accelerate vascular healing and improve the outcomes of vascular interventions for patients with advanced atherosclerosis.

Anisogamy, different-sized male and female gametes, sits at the heart of sexual selection and conflict between the sexes. Sperm producers (males) and egg producers (females) of the same species generally share most, if not all, of the same genome, but selection frequently favours different trait values in each sex for traits common to both. The extent to which this conflict might be resolved, and the potential mechanisms by which this can occur, have been widely debated. Here, we summarize recent findings and emphasize that once the sexes evolve, sexual selection is ongoing, and therefore new conflict is always possible. In addition, sexual conflict is largely a multivariate problem, involving trait combinations underpinned by networks of interconnected genes. Although these complexities can hinder conflict resolution, they also provide multiple possible routes to decouple male and female phenotypes and permit sex-specific evolution. Finally, we highlight difficulty in the study of sexual conflict over shared traits and promising directions for future research.

Quillen's Resolution Theorem in algebraic K -theory provides a powerful computational tool for calculating K -groups of exact categories. At the level of K 0 , this result goes back to Grothendieck. In this article, we first establish an extriangulated version of Grothendieck's Resolution Theorem. Second, we use this Extriangulated Resolution Theorem to gain new insight into the index theory of triangulated categories. Indeed, we propose an index with respect to an extension-closed subcategory N of a triangulated category C and we prove an additivity formula with error term. Our index recovers the index with respect to a contravariantly finite, rigid subcategory X defined by Jørgensen and the second author, as well as an isomorphism between K 0 sp (X) and the Grothendieck group of a relative extriangulated structure C R X on C when X is n -cluster tilting. In addition, we generalize and enhance some results of Fedele. Our perspective allows us to remove certain restrictions and simplify some arguments. Third, as another application of our Extriangulated Resolution Theorem, we show that if X is n -cluster tilting in an abelian category, then the index introduced by Reid gives an isomorphism K 0 (C R X) ≅ K 0 sp (X). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the eicosanoid and pro-resolutive parameters in patients with Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS) during a 12-week supplementation with a marine oil enriched in specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Patient and methods: This study was conducted on 53 adult patients with PCS. The subjects included must have had a positive COVID-19 test (PCR, fast antigen test, or serologic test) and persistent symptoms related to COVID-19 at least 12 weeks before their enrolment in the study. The following parameters were evaluated: polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA, DHA, ARA, and DPA; specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), 17-HDHA, 18-HEPE, 14-HDHA, resolvins, maresins, protectins, and lipoxins. The eicosanoids group included prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. The development of the clinical symptoms of fatigue and dyspnea were evaluated using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale. Three groups with different intake amounts were evaluated (daily use of 500 mg, 1500 mg, and 3000 mg) and compared to a control group not using the product. Results: In the serum from patients with PCS, an increase in 17-HDHA, 18-HEPE, and 14-HDHA could be observed, and a decrease in the ratio between the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolutive lipid mediators was detected; both differences were significant (p < 0.05). There were no differences found between the three treatment groups. Fatigue and dyspnea showed a trend of improvement after supplementation in all groups. Conclusions: A clear enrichment in the serum of the three monohydroxylated SPMs could be observed at a dosage of 500 mg per day. Similarly, a clear improvement in fatigue and dyspnea was observed with this dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In both humans and mice, natural killer (NK) cells are important lymphocytes of the innate immune system. They are often considered pro-inflammatory effector cells but may also have a regulatory or pro-resolving function by switching their cytokine profile towards the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-p, and by killing pro-inflammatory immune cells. Here, the role of NK cells in the resolution of malaria lung pathology was studied. Malaria complications, such as malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS), are often lethal despite the rapid and efficient killing of Plasmodium parasites with antimalarial drugs. Hence, studying the resolution and healing mechanisms involved in the recovery from these complications could be useful to develop adjunctive treatments. Treatment of Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected C57BL/6 mice with a combination of artesunate and chloroquine starting at the appearance of symptoms was used as a model to study the resolution of MA-ARDS. The role of NK cells was studied using anti-NK1.1 depletion antibodies and NK cell-deficient mice. Using both methods, NK cells were found to be dispensable in the development of MA-ARDS, as shown previously. In contrast, NK cells were crucial in the initiation of resolution upon antimalarial treatment, as survival was significantly decreased in the absence of NK cells. Considerably increased IL-10 expression by NK cells suggested an antiinflammatory and pro-resolving phenotype. Despite the increase in Il10 expression in the NK cells, inhibition of the IL-10/IL-10R axis using anti-IL10R antibodies had no effect on the resolution for MA-ARDS, suggesting that the pro-resolving effect of NK cells cannot solely be attributed to their IL-10 production. In conclusion, NK cells contribute to the resolution of experimental MA-ARDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an all-digital time-mode subthreshold temperature sensor for monitoring SoC self-heating problem. The sensor incorporated a low-power differential inverter interlaced cascaded delay cell followed by a gated ring oscillator with different temperature coefficients of −1736.10 and −5880.33 ppm/∘C, respectively. The differential inverter interlaced cascaded delay cell and XOR gate produce a temperature-dependent large delay pulse, whereas the gated ring oscillator produces temperature-dependent output code for each point of temperature within the delay pulse generated by the differential inverter interlaced cascaded delay cell and XOR. The corresponding temperature code is recorded by an asynchronous counter. At 90-nm CMOS process and 0.6/0.3V supply voltage Vdd, the sensor occupies 0.009mm2 and consumes only 876nW at 27∘C. The sensor has a sampling rate of 52.16KS/s and the resolution is noted to be 0.40∘C for a temperature span of 0–100∘C. Besides, the proposed design achieves a very small energy/conversion of 17 pJ, which ensures 2.72 pJ×C2 and 0.13 nJ%2 resolution FoM and inaccuracy FoM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorinated paraffins (CP) are complex molecular mixtures occurring in a wide range of isomers and homologs of environmental hazards, whose analytical complexity demand advanced mass spectrometry (MS) methods for their characterization. The reported formation of chlorinated olefins (COs) and other transformation products during CP biotransformation and degradation can alter the MS analysis, increasing the high resolution required to distinguish CPs from their degradation products. An advanced setup hyphenating a plasma ionization source and an external high-performance data acquisition and processing system to the legacy hybrid LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer is reported. First, the study demonstrated the versatility of a liquid sampling atmospheric pressure glow discharge, as a soft ionization technique, for CP analysis. Second, enhanced resolution and sensitivity provided by the absorption mode Fourier transform spectral representation on this legacy mass spectrometer are shown. The developed Orbitrap-based platform allowed the detection of new isotopic clusters and CPs and COs to be distinguished at medium resolution (setting 30,000 at m/z 400, ~ 400 ms transients), and even chlorinated di-olefins (CdiOs) at higher resolution (setting 100,000 at m/z 400, ~ 1500 ms transients). Overall, such proof-of-principle instrumental improvements are promising for environmental and analytical research in the field of CP analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Resolution of a child's diagnosis, the process of accepting and adjusting to the reality of a child's significant diagnosis, has been often associated with decreased parental stress. Hope, a potential buffer against psychological distress, has been suggested as a potential explanation for this relationship. However, the mediating role of hope in the relationship between resolution of diagnosis and parental stress has not been explored. Methods: This study aimed to examine whether four types of hope (child, parental, societal, denial of diagnosis) mediated the relationship between resolution to an autism diagnosis and reduced parental stress. Participants included 73 parents (Mage = 43.22, SD = 7.69, female 97.3%) of autistic children (Mage = 11.15, SD = 4.56, male = 67.1%). Results: Resolution to diagnosis was negatively and significantly correlated with resolution to diagnosis, as well as child, parental and societal hope. These three hopes were also significantly and negatively correlated with parental stress. Importantly, when controlling for level of support and autism awareness, parental hope mediated the relationship between resolution to diagnosis and parental stress. Denial of diagnosis was not correlated with resolution or parental stress but did have significant but weak associate with the other hopes. Discussion: These findings suggest that hope based on parent's abilities to support their child and be supported themselves play an important role in parental stress once parents are more resolved to their child's diagnosis. Supporting parents to manage factors associated with supporting their child's needs, may benefit parents of autistic children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work suggests an all-digital temperature sensor with a high sampling rate that is based on a time-to-digital converter (TDC). Two on-chip voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are used in the design of the sensor core, which senses temperatures between − 4 0 ∘ C and 200 ∘ C. For digital code conversion, the outputs of the VCO are fed into two asynchronous counters. In both low- and high- resolution modes, the error following two-point calibration is observed between − 1. 0 8 ∘ C and + 1. 0 6 ∘ C. The sensor's ability to function in both high- and low-resolution modes based on conversion time is an important feature. At a sampling frequency of 0.19 MHz, the maximum resolution achieved is 0.18 ∘ C. Additionally, the sensor has control logic built in to turn off the sensing as soon as the conversion is complete. At 90-nm process, 1.1 V supply voltage and 27 ∘ C, the proposed sensor occupies 0. 0 4 4 mm 2 and consumes 8 1 7. 5 μ W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, some of the basic information on Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), its applications (especially in the field of civil engineering) and limitations are presented. As a non-destructive technique, GPR is a powerful tool for the investigation of structures and structural members, roads, geological layers, archaeological sites and many more. The technology is based on electromagnetic radiation in the UHF/VHF range (10 MHz to 3 GHz). The choice of the frequency depends on the intended use, depth and size of the target and medium where the target is located. Joined with other testing methods (ultrasound method, dynamic methods with forced or ambient vibrations, electrical conductivity testing, etc.), GPR can provide a deep insight into the investigated object. However, like many other non-destructive methods, the choice of input parameters may affect the results. In this regard, a case study presented in this paper demonstrates not only different applications of GPR in civil engineering but also the determination (calibration) of one of those input parameters: the dielectric constant of glued laminated timber. The challenge here was not only to investigate the influence of the direction of measurements with regards to the direction of the fibers but also to acknowledge the contribution of the test antenna used during testing and dielectric constant calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein–protein interactions orchestrate plant development and serve as crucial elements for cellular and environmental communication. Understanding these interactions offers a gateway to unravel complex protein networks that will allow a better understanding of nature. Methods for the characterization of protein–protein interactions have been around over 30 years, yet the complexity of some of these interactions has fueled the development of new techniques that provide a better understanding of the underlying dynamics. In many cases, the application of these techniques is limited by the nature of the available sample. While some methods require an in vivo set-up, others solely depend on protein sequences to study protein–protein interactions via an in silico set-up. The vast number of techniques available to date calls for a way to select the appropriate tools for the study of specific interactions. Here, we classify widely spread tools and new emerging techniques for the characterization of protein–protein interactions based on sample requirements while providing insights into the information that they can potentially deliver. We provide a comprehensive overview of commonly used techniques and elaborate on the most recent developments, showcasing their implementation in plant research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) cotton was widely grown in China from 1997. Since then, it has resulted in many misunderstandings and concerns about Bt cotton. However, extensive research and practical experience over the past 28 years in China have led to the resolution of many of these concerns. This short review explores how the concerns has been resolved, and provides valuable insights for the future utilization of genetically modified products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On many maps, relief shading is one of the most significant graphical elements. Modern relief shading techniques include neural networks. To generate such shading automatically at an arbitrary scale, one needs to consider how the resolution of the input digital elevation model (DEM) relates to the neural network process and the maps used for training. Currently, there is no clear guidance on which DEM resolution to use to generate relief shading at specific scales. To address this gap, we trained the U-Net models on swisstopo manual relief shadings of Switzerland at four different scales and using four different resolutions of SwissALTI3D DEM. An interactive web application designed for this study allows users to outline a random area and compare histograms of varying brightness between predictions and manual relief shadings. The results showed that DEM resolution and output scale influence the appearance of the relief shading, with an overall scale/resolution ratio. We present guidelines for generating relief shading with neural networks for arbitrary areas and scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article discloses an improved, efficient, and simple resolution methodology for the preparation of (S)‐benoxaprofen which is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID). The resolution of racemic benoxaprofen uses an easily available, efficient, recoverable, and cost‐effective chiral reagent, namely, (1R,2S)‐(+)‐cis‐1‐amino‐2‐indanol. This novel resolution process is having a very high purity of (S)‐benoxaprofen, greater than 99%, substantially free from (R)‐benoxaprofen (less than 1%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of polydisperse aerosol slit and classified aerosol outlet widths on the performance of a cylindrical differential mobility analyzer (DMA) were investigated using numerical simulations and measurements. The approach was verified by comparing the MF-DMA experimental voltages with numerical results. The study shows that the polydisperse aerosol slit width plays an important role in the performance of a cylindrical DMA and has an optimal value. When deviating from this optimal value, the DMA resolution decreases, specifically, increasing the radial ratio and aspect ratio while decreasing the optimal value. However, the enhanced classification length increases the resolution. It is also shown that the performance of DMA deteriorates as the classified aerosol outlet width increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flat objects like electronic boards are challenging samples for high-resolution X-ray computed tomography scanning because their largest dimension significantly limits the magnification using circular trajectory scans. One way to improve spatial resolution for such samples is to utilize variable zoom trajectory. During variable zoom trajectory scanning, the source-to-object distance changes during the 360° rotation to maximize the magnification in the projections. Here, we propose an automatic variable zoom trajectory generation algorithm for arbitrary object and region of interest (ROI). We analyze how such a trajectory can enhance resolution in different cases and how isotropic is the resolution in the reconstructed volume. We demonstrate that the resolution can be improved without destroying the sample. However, the improvement is manifested mainly in directions in which we achieved the highest magnification in the projection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The scale of environmental data is often defined by their extent (spatial area, temporal duration) and resolution (grain size, temporal interval). Although describing climate data scale via these terms is appropriate for most meteorological applications, for ecology and biogeography, climate data of the same spatiotemporal resolution and extent may differ in their relevance to an organism. Here, we propose that climate proximity, or how well climate data represent the actual conditions that an organism is exposed to, is more important for ecological realism than the spatiotemporal resolution of the climate data. Location: Temperature comparison in nine countries across four continents; ecological case studies in Alberta (Canada), Sabah (Malaysia) and North Carolina/Tennessee (USA). Time Period: 1960–2018. Major Taxa Studied: Case studies with flies, mosquitoes and salamanders, but concepts relevant to all life on earth. Methods: We compare the accuracy of two macroclimate data sources (ERA5 and WorldClim) and a novel microclimate model (microclimf) in predicting soil temperatures. We then use ERA5, WorldClim and microclimf to drive ecological models in three case studies: temporal (fly phenology), spatial (mosquito thermal suitability) and spatiotemporal (salamander range shifts) ecological responses. Results: For predicting soil temperatures, microclimf had 24.9% and 16.4% lower absolute bias than ERA5 and WorldClim respectively. Across the case studies, we find that increasing proximity (from macroclimate to microclimate) yields a 247% improvement in performance of ecological models on average, compared to 18% and 9% improvements from increasing spatial resolution 20‐fold, and temporal resolution 30‐fold respectively. Main Conclusions: We propose that increasing climate proximity, even if at the sacrifice of finer climate spatiotemporal resolution, may improve ecological predictions. We emphasize biophysically informed approaches, rather than generic formulations, when quantifying ecoclimatic relationships. Redefining the scale of climate through the lens of the organism itself helps reveal mechanisms underlying how climate shapes ecological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and strengthening of private mediation significantly determine the possibilities of overcoming the challenges in the process of the institutionalization of mediation. Establishes an effective system of dispute resolution at the state level. The legal or practical regulation of the abovementioned should be considered a prerequisite for implementing the interests of the subjects of law and forming legal awareness. In addition, the perfect functioning of the justice system, which should ensure the implementation of the legal interests of the subjects of law, is an expression of public and private interests. The well-being and satisfaction of the civil turnover participants are significantly determined by the existence of flexible dispute resolution systems and mechanisms, the correct implementation of which creates guarantees for the stability of civil turnover. In addition, it's in the public interest that the chain of the means of dispute resolution should be flexible and diverse and allow the interested parties to choose an acceptable method in each case. Regardless of its importance, providing fast and affordable forms of dispute resolution remains a challenge. In addition, it's important to strengthen cooperation between the public and private sectors in this process, which will be considered an innovation in Georgia. Accordingly, following legislative changes, it is important to raise public awareness, improve legal culture, and strengthen the court's role in implementing state policy regarding dispute resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of PLANARCH - Design & Planning Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Augmented Reality 3D head-up displays use a autostereoscopic 3D display as a panel. The 3D optical unit of autostereoscopic 3D displays controls the direction of the light rays in each pixel, allowing the users enjoy 3D world without glasses. However, these 3D optics cause image quality degradation. Deterioration of resolution has a serious impact on 3D image quality. Therefore, it is important to properly measure the 3D resolution according to 3D optics and analyze its impact. In this study, a method for measuring spatial resolution in 3D displays using contrast modulation is proposed. We describe a conventional 2D resolution measurement methods that are standardized. Based on the existing 2D resolution methods, we propose a 3D resolution method. The spatial and frequency signal responses of 3D displays were investigated. The first method is determined by the predominant frequency series. The second method is conducted by contrast modulation. Through experiments with 3D displays, 3D resolution was measured using the proposed method, and the relationship between the parameters and resolution of 3D optics was examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing is essential in construction management by providing valuable information and insights throughout the project lifecycle. Due to the rapid advancement of remote sensing technologies, their use has been increasingly adopted in the architecture, engineering, and construction industries. This review paper aims to advance the understanding, knowledge base, and practical implementation of remote sensing technologies in the construction industry. It may help support the development of robust methodologies, address challenges, and pave the way for the effective integration of remote sensing into construction management processes. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive literature review, focusing on the challenges faced in using remote sensing technologies in construction management. One hundred and seventeen papers were collected from eight relevant journals, indexed in Web of Science, and then categorized by challenge type. The results of 44 exemplary studies were reported in the three types of remote sensing platforms (satellite, airborne, and ground-based remote sensing). The paper provides construction professionals with a deeper understanding of remote sensing technologies and their applications in construction management. The challenges of using remote sensing in construction were collected and classified into eleven challenges. According to the number of collected documents, the critical challenges were shadow, spatial, and temporal resolution issues. The findings emphasize the use of unmanned airborne systems (UASs) and satellite remote sensing, which have become increasingly common and valuable for tasks such as preconstruction planning, progress tracking, safety monitoring, and environmental management. This knowledge allows for informed decision-making regarding integrating remote sensing into construction projects, leading to more efficient and practical project planning, design, and execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kültürel mirasın korunması ve yaşatılması geçmişten günümüze üzerinde sıkça durulan bir konudur. Günümüzde farklı belgeleme yöntemleri ile tarihi ve kültürel değer taşıyan yapılar kayıt altına alınmaktadır. Geleneksel rölöve, fotogrametri ve lazer tarama gibi metotlar ile yapıların güncel durumları belgelenerek koruma altına alınmaktadır. Bu yöntemler arasında fotogrametri tekniği; daha az iş gücü ve maliyet gerektirmesi açısından diğer metotlara göre daha avantajlıdır. Bu yüzden yapı belgelemede önemli bir yer tutan fotogrametri tekniğinin geliştirilmesi ve üretim kabiliyetinin artırılması önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada, fotogrametri yönteminin daha kaliteli üç boyutlu modelleme yapabilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu amaçla; görüntü sayısı ve çözünürlük olmak üzere iki farklı değişkenin üç boyutlu model üretim süreci üzerindeki etkileri korelasyonel araştırma yöntemi ile analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamı olarak; halihazırda bir otobüs garajı içinde yer alan ve korunma riskiyle karşı karşıya kalan Fakih Dede türbesi belirlenmiştir. Kapsam olarak belirlenen bu yapının çevresinde dönülerek kaydedilmek suretiyle 4K çözünürlükte 80 saniyelik bir video görüntü kaydı elde edilmiştir. Bu video kaydından farklı görüntü sayılarında ve farklı çözünürlük değerlerinde yeni görüntü takımları oluşturulmuştur. Bu takımların her biriyle ayrı ayrı olmak üzere fotogrametri tekniği ile üretilen modellerin, parametre değerlerindeki değişimler tablolara işlenerek kıyaslanmaktadır. Elde edilen bu verilere dayanarak görüntü sayısı ve çözünürlüğün, fotogrametrinin model üretim kabiliyetini artırmasına dair öneriler sunulmaktadır. Buna göre; kaliteli bir 3B model oluşturmak için yüksek çözünürlükte görüntüler elde edilmeli, bunun yetersiz kalması durumunda görüntü sayısı artırılmalıdır.

Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) cotton was widely grown in China from 1997. Since then, it has resulted in many misunderstandings and concerns about Bt cotton. However, extensive research and practical experience over the past 28 years in China have led to the resolution of many of these concerns. This short review explores how the concerns has been resolved, and provides valuable insights for the future utilization of genetically modified products.

Many oil fields in the Bohai Oilfield are currently in the stage of high water cut and low recovery. Thus, it is urgent to conduct in-depth research on the potential of these oil fields to maintain stable production. After 20 years of directional well development, Bohai B Oilfield has developed a set of layers with combined production and strong injection, resulting in severe interlayer interference and difficulties in tapping the potential of the remaining oil. Owing to the limited resolution of existing seismic data, it is not possible to identify the reservoir structure inside the braided river composite sand body, including the vertical and horizontal distribution of the interlayer and thin sand body. Therefore, directional well development is currently mainly used. Here, the seismic signal harmonic frequency enhancement technology is proposed, which directly uses the fundamental component of seismic data to predict harmonic and subharmonic information, and then adds it to the original seismic data to expand the high-frequency and low-frequency seismic information, achieving the purpose of frequency enhancement. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional convolutional models, eliminating the need of well information and to estimate seismic wavelets and assume sparse stratigraphic reflection coefficients, thereby reducing the human subjective factors. The research results, verified through dynamic and static information, showed that the seismic signal harmonic frequency enhancement technology can effectively and finely identify the internal structure of braided river sand bodies, help to transform directional wells into horizontal wells for development, avoid interlayer interference, and promote efficient extraction of the remaining oil.

The conventional linear time-frequency analysis method cannot achieve high resolution and energy focusing in the time and frequency dimensions at the same time, especially in the low frequency region. In order to improve the resolution of the linear time-frequency analysis method in the low-frequency region, we have proposed a W transform method, in which the instantaneous frequency is introduced as a parameter into the linear transformation, and the analysis time window is constructed which matches the instantaneous frequency of the seismic data. In this paper, the W transform method is compared with the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), a typical nonlinear time-frequency analysis method. The WVD method that shows the energy distribution in the time-frequency domain clearly indicates the gravitational center of time and the gravitational center of frequency of a wavelet, while the time-frequency spectrum of the W transform also has a clear gravitational center of energy focusing, because the instantaneous frequency corresponding to any time position is introduced as the transformation parameter. Therefore, the W transform can be benchmarked directly by the WVD method. We summarize the development of the W transform and three improved methods in recent years, and elaborate on the evolution of the standard W transform, the chirp-modulated W transform, the fractional-order W transform, and the linear canonical W transform. Through three application examples of W transform in fluvial sand body identification and reservoir prediction, it is verified that W transform can improve the resolution and energy focusing of time-frequency spectra.

Abstract Inflammation, corticosteroids, and loading all affect tendon healing, with an interaction between them. However, underlying mechanisms behind the effect of corticosteroids and the interaction with loading remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of dexamethasone during tendon healing, including specific effects on tendon cells. Rats (n = 36) were randomized to heavy loading or mild loading, the Achilles tendon was transected, and animals were treated with dexamethasone or saline. Gene and protein analyses of the healing tendon were performed for extracellular matrix-, inflammation-, and tendon cell markers. We further tested specific effects of dexamethasone on tendon cells in vitro. Dexamethasone increased mRNA levels of S100A4 and decreased levels of ACTA2/α-SMA, irrespective of load level. Heavy loading + dexamethasone reduced mRNA levels of FN1 and TenC (p 0.05). In contrast, mild loading + dexamethasone increased mRNA levels of resolution-related genes ANXA1, MRC1, PDPN, and PTGES (p

The present study deals with algorithms for the acquisition of a well-core digital model that is used in the Digital Well-Core technology or “Digital Petrophysics.” The study involved the initial implementation stage of this technology: identification of geometric dimensions of a sample and spatial scanning resolution, as well as of scanning and reconstruction settings to examine a well core in a SkyScan 1172 X-ray micro-CT system. Well-core samples 30 mm wide (7 µm/pixel resolution), 10 mm wide (4 µm/pixel resolution) and 5 mm wide (1.5 µm/pixel resolution) were examined by X-ray micro-computed tomography. The porosity coefficient of all samples was measured by the water-saturation and weighing method. The digital models were used to estimate the porosity coefficient compared to the standard method. The results demonstrated that the best convergence of micro-CT and standard method data was achieved with 5-mm samples at a 1.5 µm/pixel scan resolution. A study on digital model optimization through noise reduction in the NRecon standard software was also conducted and discovered that the best convergence of porosity coefficients was attained when smoothing was set at 8. The scanning and reconstruction settings proposed for well-core samples can be used to implement the Digital Well-Core technology.

This study provides a summary overview of the creation and the activities of the international security architecture in the form of their two main pillars, i.e. the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the Near and Middle East region. Within the framework of international security relations, this is a very unstable and conflictual region, where this instability has lasted practically since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The global UN, its overall activity and importance, especially humanitarian and peace-building activities not only for the Near and Middle East region, is very beneficial, through out the Cold War period up to the present day. As a security organization, NATO is among the most important global actors influencing current international security relations. Through their activities, both of these organizations represent a essential means of ensuring world peace and security.

In today’s globalized world, social and labor disputes have become a significant concern for individuals and organizations. This paper aims to explore the prevention and resolution of such conflicts, focusing on both international practices and the specific experience of Kazakhstan. By examining the literature, research methodology, and analytical reports, we will gain insights into effective strategies and approaches to addressing social and labor conflicts. This article is optimized for SEO and provides valuable information for individuals, organizations, and policymakers seeking to navigate the complexities of social and labor disputes. International experience is a valuable source of knowledge and practice for improving government regulation and conflict-prevention mechanisms. The article examines strategic documents and economic indicators based on qualitative research by OECD countries on the prevention of the adverse consequences of social conflicts. The study examines a number strategic documents and programs for conflict prevention and resolution.

Abstract The selection of defocus ranges for small datasets in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is under-researched. We present a comprehensive benchmark experiment that aimed to evaluate the relationship between contrast, defocus, and resolution, particularly in the context of limited datasets. We conducted a detailed analysis of beta-galactosidase, apo-ferritin, and connexin-46/50 datasets to optimize pre-screening strategies for cryo-EM. Our approach involved classifying micrographs based on image contrast using an artificial intelligence (AI) model without considering the defocus level. This method allowed us to investigate the optimal defocus range for pre-screening in a limited dataset and its impact on the overall image processing. The micrographs were categorized into good, moderate, and bad contrast groups. Subsequent analysis revealed that, contrary to the prevailing assumption that lower contrast (associated with lower defocus) leads to higher resolution, in scenarios with limited datasets higher contrast images yield superior resolution. This finding was consistent across all three protein samples, underscoring the critical role of contrast in determining the quality of 3D reconstructions in limited datasets. This significant finding challenges conventional cryo-EM methodologies. In conclusion, our study provides new benchmarks for selecting appropriate contrast and defocus levels in cryo-EM, particularly for screening approaches that use limited datasets. This strategy promises to enhance the data quality and efficiency in structural biology research, particularly in resource-constrained scenarios.

Remote control engineering in industry usually requires cameras to assist target identification and detection, but the cameras working in nuclear environments face the threat of radiation-induced degradation. Both γ- and X-rays in nuclear environments will cause ionizing radiation damage, but the difference in degradation of camera’s performance induced by ionizing radiation damage with equivalent total ionizing dose (TID) of these two rays is unclear, which is crucial for the evaluation of camera performance in a nuclear radiation environment. In order to figure out the degradation of CMOS cameras by ionization radiation damage under different rays, this study conducted irradiation experiments on CMOS image sensors under X-ray with 10 keV and 60Co-γ ray with 1.25 MeV, respectively, and then tested and calculated the resolution of camera based on this CMOS image sensor. After comparing and analyzing the results, it was found that the dark current and full well capacity of the CIS, as well as the resolution of the camera, were more severely degraded after X-ray irradiation. Further analysis found that the interface dose enhancement effect of X-ray, as well as the generation of high-density oxide trapped charges in the gate oxide, aggravated the degradation of full well capacity on the CIS after X-ray irradiation, resulting in more severe degradation in the resolution of the CMOS camera. This study provides theoretical basis for the safety and reliability evaluation of cameras in strong nuclear radiation environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoscopes are crucial for assisting in surgery and disease diagnosis, including the early detection of cancer. The effective use of endoscopes relies on their optical performance, which can be characterized with a series of metrics such as resolution, vital for revealing anatomical details. The modulation transfer function (MTF) is a key metric for evaluating endoscope resolution. However, the 2020 version of the ISO 8600-5 standard, while introducing an endoscope MTF measurement method, lacks empirical validation and excludes opto-electronic video endoscopes, the largest family of endoscopes. Measuring the MTF of video endoscopes requires tailored standards that address their unique characteristics. This paper aims to expand the scope of ISO 8600-5:2020 to include video endoscopes, by optimizing the MTF test method and addressing parameters affecting measurement accuracy. We studied the effects of intensity and uniformity of image luminance, chart modulation compensation, linearity of image digital values, auto gain control, image enhancement, image compression and the region of interest dimensions on images of slanted-edge test charts, and thus the MTF based on these images. By analyzing these effects, we provided recommendations for setting and controlling these factors to obtain accurate MTF curves. Our goal is to enhance the standard's relevance and effectiveness for measuring the MTF of a broader range of endoscopic devices, with potential applications in the MTF measurement of other digital imaging devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to determine the appropriate DEM resolution for geomorphic hydrology research in a small watershed of the Loess Plateau, explore the applicability of scale effect curve and information entropy method, and provide a new perspective and approach for determining the appropriate resolution. [Methods] Taking Yanhe River Basin in the loess hilly region as the research area, ArcGIS was used to resample the original resolution DEM, obtain multiple groups of DEM with different resolutions, extract the terrain attribute values at corresponding scales, and draw two different scale effect curves (‘average slope-resolution ’and‘ local variance mean-resolution ’curves). Information entropy and mutual information entropy are introduced to distinguish suitable DEM resolution based on actual terrain. [Results] (1) In the Yanhe River Basin with complex terrain, the results obtained by different determination methods are different, while the results of local variance mean, information entropy and mutual information entropy are similar. (2) The results of determining the appropriate resolution by different terrain attributes are different. The appropriate resolution obtained by profile curvature and plane curvature is similar (the local mean variance is 15～20 m, and the information entropy and mutual information entropy are both 15 m), and the difference of the appropriate resolution obtained by slope is greater than that obtained by curvature (the local mean variance is 20～35 m). The results of information entropy and mutual information entropy are both 20 m. [Conclusion] Both local variance mean and information entropy method are suitable for DEM resolution determination in this area, and the appropriate DEM resolution in Yanhe River Basin is 15～20 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that seriously endangers human health, and monitoring glucose levels is one of the main diagnostic methods for its prevention and treatment. In this paper, we propose a high-performance glucose sensor based on the Sagnac interferometer (SI) utilizing photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with micro-holes. By setting two columns of micro-holes in the center of the PCF, the high birefringence effect is obtained to improve the detection sensitivity. All air holes are assumed to fill with the glucose solution, and the sensing characteristics of the PCF sensor are theoretically studied by the finite element method (FEM). The results show that the sensitivity and resolution of the PCF glucose sensor can reach 4.14 nm/(g/L) and 0.48 mg/dL within the concentration range of 0–120 g/L, respectively. In addition, the effects of the partial-filling methods and PCF structural parameters on the sensing performance are also analyzed to achieve optimal performance. The proposed glucose sensor possesses high sensitivity and simple structure, which exhibits good application prospects in the field of medical monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional linear time-frequency analysis method cannot achieve high resolution and energy focusing in the time and frequency dimensions at the same time, especially in the low frequency region. In order to improve the resolution of the linear time-frequency analysis method in the low-frequency region, we have proposed a W transform method, in which the instantaneous frequency is introduced as a parameter into the linear transformation, and the analysis time window is constructed which matches the instantaneous frequency of the seismic data. In this paper, the W transform method is compared with the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), a typical nonlinear time-frequency analysis method. The WVD method that shows the energy distribution in the time-frequency domain clearly indicates the gravitational center of time and the gravitational center of frequency of a wavelet, while the time-frequency spectrum of the W transform also has a clear gravitational center of energy focusing, because the instantaneous frequency corresponding to any time position is introduced as the transformation parameter. Therefore, the W transform can be benchmarked directly by the WVD method. We summarize the development of the W transform and three improved methods in recent years, and elaborate on the evolution of the standard W transform, the chirp-modulated W transform, the fractional-order W transform, and the linear canonical W transform. Through three application examples of W transform in fluvial sand body identification and reservoir prediction, it is verified that W transform can improve the resolution and energy focusing of time-frequency spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spontaneous resolution of a spinoglenoid notch ganglion cyst (SGC) without surgical treatment has been rarely reported; however, we have encountered this phenomenon occasionally. Therefore, we aimed to describe a case series of consecutive patients with SGC in whom it spontaneously resolved without surgical treatment. We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-confirmed SGC in whom it resolved without surgical treatment between January 2011 and March 2023. We included patients without abnormally increased signal intensity or muscle atrophy due to denervation from suprascapular neuropathy on MRI. Resolution of the SGC was confirmed via MRI or ultrasound at the follow-up visit, and suprascapular neuropathy was assessed using electromyography and nerve conduction studies when needed. For functional assessments, the visual analog scale for pain and active range of motion of the shoulder were used to compare pre and postresolution follow-ups. Eleven men and 1 woman with a median age of 54.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] 37.0-65.3) were included in this study. The SGCs resolved spontaneously at a median of 13.2 months with an IQR of 8.2-23.0 after initial evaluation using MRI. The SGCs were multiloculated cysts with superior labrum anterior and posterior II-IX lesions, with a median diameter of 2.5 cm (IQR 2.0-2.8). The median visual analog scale for pain (pre-resolution 5.0 [IQR 4.0-7.0] vs postresolution 1.0 [IQR 0.0-1.0], P =.002) and internal rotation at the back (preresolution 8.0 [IQR 7.0-10.3] vs postresolution 7.5 [IQR 7.0-8.0], P =.034) were significantly improved after the resolution. Surgical treatment may not be necessary in all cases of SGC. Nonsurgical treatment may be a viable option in the absence of suprascapular nerve involvement or superior labrum anterior and posterior-related physical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a strong association between vitamin D levels and periodontal disease based on numerous epidemiological studies. We have previously shown that experimental deficiency of serum vitamin D in mice leads to gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss. Treatment of cultured oral epithelial cells with the active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), inhibits the extracellular growth and intracellular invasion of bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Maintenance of periodontal health may be due in part to the anti-inflammatory activities of vitamin D. Furthermore, this hormone can induce the expression of an antimicrobial peptide in cultured oral epithelial cells. We have shown that oral epithelial cells are capable of converting inactive vitamin D to the active form, suggesting that topical treatment of the oral epithelium with inactive vitamin D could prevent the development of periodontitis. We subjected mice to ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP), followed by daily treatment with inactive vitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D3. Treatment with both forms led to a reduction in ligature-induced bone loss and inflammation. Gingival tissues obtained from vitamin D–treated LIP showed production of specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) of inflammation. To examine the mechanism, we demonstrated that apical treatment of 3-dimensional cultures of primary gingival epithelial cells with vitamin D prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and led to a similar production of SPM. Analysis of the oral microbiome of the mice treated with vitamin D showed significant changes in resident bacteria, which reflects a shift toward health-associated species. Together, our results show that topical treatment of oral tissues with inactive vitamin D can lead to the maintenance of periodontal health through the regulation of a healthy microbiome and the stimulation of resolution of inflammation. This strongly supports the development of a safe and effective vitamin D–based topical treatment or preventive agent for periodontal inflammation and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Many studies have documented the magnitude and socioecological drivers of livestock depredation, yet few have assessed how observations of depredation might vary with spatiotemporal scale. Understanding scaling relationships may allow for more accurate aggregation of observations collected across diverse extents and resolutions to better inform management actions. Objectives: Herein we examine how reported metrics of livestock depredation varied by spatial and temporal scale (extent and resolution) after controlling for other drivers of differences among studies. Methods: From 213 published studies we extracted conflict metrics (i.e., number of animals killed, number of attack incidents, and percent annual loss of stock) and regressed each against spatiotemporal extent (i.e., size of study area, duration of study) and resolution (i.e., minimum mapping unit, frequency of observations) while controlling for potential biases. Results: The number of attacks or animals killed was positively related to spatial and temporal extent whereas percent annual loss of stock declined with extent. Further, the effects of scaling variables were modified through interactions with other factors (e.g., human density) known to influence human-carnivore conflict. The data available for spatiotemporal resolution were too sparse to draw conclusions. While scaling relationships were generally linear, they became increasingly noisy at broader extents. Conclusions: Consistent with other ecological investigations, the scale of observation influenced the observed outcomes in human-carnivore conflict metrics. Authors should report the spatiotemporal dimensions of their observations to improve robust inference in comparative studies. Enhanced understanding of scaling relationships in human-carnivore conflict metrics should improve strategic allocation of resources to better mitigate future conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) constructed from silver nanowires (AgNWs) have potential applications in a wide range of flexible optoelectronic devices. However, the uncontrollable alignment of AgNWs makes it challenging to manufacture high-performance and cost-effective AgNW-based FTEs. Herein, we present a direct-ink-writing technique for patterning AgNWs into high-resolution (line width as small as 33 μm), ultrathin (line height as small as 57 nm), and large-area (as large as 220 × 160 mm2) orthogonal grids in a single writing pass. The hierarchically ordered (HO) AgNW grids exhibit superior properties with a sheet resistance of 25.3 Ω/sq, a visible-light transmittance (T) of 98.6%, a high figure of merit of 1053, and a haze factor of 0.46% at an extremely low AgNW dosage of 2.1 μg/cm2. The wearable transparent heaters utilizing the printed HO AgNW grids exhibit excellent Joule heating performance. This work showcases a strategy for fabricating cost-effective AgNW-based FTEs that can be used to replace indium–tin oxide in large-scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation, corticosteroids, and loading all affect tendon healing, with an interaction between them. However, underlying mechanisms behind the effect of corticosteroids and the interaction with loading remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of dexamethasone during tendon healing, including specific effects on tendon cells. Rats (n = 36) were randomized to heavy loading or mild loading, the Achilles tendon was transected, and animals were treated with dexamethasone or saline. Gene and protein analyses of the healing tendon were performed for extracellular matrix-, inflammation-, and tendon cell markers. We further tested specific effects of dexamethasone on tendon cells in vitro. Dexamethasone increased mRNA levels of S100A4 and decreased levels of ACTA2/α-SMA, irrespective of load level. Heavy loading + dexamethasone reduced mRNA levels of FN1 and TenC (p < 0.05), while resolution-related genes were unaltered (p > 0.05). In contrast, mild loading + dexamethasone increased mRNA levels of resolution-related genes ANXA1, MRC1, PDPN, and PTGES (p < 0.03). Altered protein levels were confirmed in tendons with mild loading. Dexamethasone treatment in vitro prevented tendon construct formation, increased mRNA levels of S100A4 and decreased levels of SCX and collagens. Dexamethasone during tendon healing appears to act through immunomodulation by promoting resolution, but also through an effect on tendon cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global efforts to transition toward renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, geothermal energy is increasingly recognized as a viable and sustainable option. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment derived from a subset of a larger sample collection within the Dunántúli Group of the Pannonian Basin, Hungary, focusing on optimizing micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) resolution for analyzing pore structures in sandstone formations. By categorizing samples based on geological properties and selecting representatives from each group, the study integrates helium porosity and gas permeability measurements with µ-CT imaging at various resolutions (5 µm, 2 µm, and 1 µm). The findings reveal that µ-CT resolution significantly affects the discernibility and characterization of pore structures. Finer resolutions (2 µm and 1 µm) effectively uncovered interconnected pore networks in medium- to coarse-grained sandstones, suggesting favorable properties for geothermal applications. In contrast, fine-grained samples showed limitations in geothermal applicability at higher resolutions due to their compact nature and minimal pore connectivity, which could not be confidently imaged at 1 µm. Additionally, this study acknowledges the challenges in delineating the boundaries within the Dunántúli Group formations, which adds a layer of complexity to the characterization process. The research highlights the importance of aligning µ-CT findings with geological backgrounds and laboratory measurements for accurate pore structure interpretation in heterogeneous formations. By contributing vital petrophysical data for the Dunántúli Group and the Pannonian Basin, this study provides key insights for selecting appropriate µ-CT imaging resolutions to advance sustainable geothermal energy strategies in the region. The outcomes of this research form the basis for future studies aimed at developing experimental setups to investigate physical clogging and enhance geothermal exploitation methods, crucial for the sustainable development of geothermal resources in the Pannonian Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphological analysis in forensic facial comparison was recently validated for judicial use. However, no image quality assurance systems exist for this purpose, despite image triage being considered the best practice approach. Hence, this study aimed at testing a semi-quantitative scoring method to assess image quality and investigated facial image resolution and lighting quality quantitatively in a context of forensic facial comparison. For this purpose, 400 facial comparison photographic and CCTV image pools developed from the Wits Face Database were used. These facial images were analysed in prior studies that investigated the validity of morphological analysis. A semi-quantitative image quality scoring system was adapted and tested on the above sample and compared across correct and incorrect matches obtained as part of previous studies using a logistic regression model. In addition, facial images were cropped to the closest pixel comprising the face, head and neck areas; then, a face-to-image pixel proportion was calculated as an estimator of resolution quality; and pixel exposure qualities were obtained to be compared to facial comparison outcomes. Ideal and high image quality scores were related to correctness of matches, while low-quality scores were related to incorrect matches. High pixel proportions were related to true matches and low exposure was related to false positives, while high exposure was related to false negatives. These results suggest that an easy method for image triage could be employed by scoring image quality. Quantitative measures should be investigated further for thresholding quality suitability for confidence of facial comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control charts (esp. X ¯ -chart) are proven and useful tools to preserve process alignment with its design mean. The control charts' limits are designed symmetrically around the process's mean. The assumption of symmetry is justifiable when assuming that the measurements are infinite. Typically, these assumptions are warranted since the measuring resolution is significantly (by orders of magnitude) lower than the deviation of the controlled process. However, when the measuring device has a resolution of the same order of magnitude as the standard deviation of the controlled process, the symmetrical nature is no longer justified. In low-resolution measurement process control, symmetry is not the norm and both these control limits should be built asymmetrically. To help remedy this issue, this article explores the asymmetrical nature of the low-resolution measurement and suggests a new (asymmetric) control limit based on false-alarm-required probabilities. This represents a novel approach to the problem [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are no studies of longitudinal immunoglobulin measurements in a population‐based cohort alongside challenge‐confirmed peanut allergy outcomes. Little is known about biomarkers for identifying naturally resolving peanut allergy during childhood. Objectives: To measure longitudinal trends in whole peanut and component Ara h 2 sIgE and sIgG4 in the first 10 years of life, in a population cohort of children with challenge‐confirmed peanut allergy, and to determine whether peanut‐specific immunoglobulin levels or trends are associated with peanut allergy persistence or resolution by 10 years of age. Methods: One‐year‐old infants with challenge‐confirmed peanut allergy (n = 156) from the HealthNuts study (n = 5276) were prospectively followed at ages 4, 6, and 10 years with questionnaires, skin prick tests, oral food challenges, and plasma total‐IgE, sIgE and sIgG4 to peanut and Ara h 2. Results: Peanut allergy resolved in 33.9% (95% CI = 25.3%, 43.3%) of children by 10 years old with most resolving (97.4%, 95% CI = 86.5%, 99.9%) by 6 years old. Decreasing Ara h 2 sIgE (p =.01) and increasing peanut sIgG4 (p <.001), Ara h 2 sIgG4 (p =.01), peanut sIgG4/sIgE (p <.001) and Ara h 2 sIgG4/sIgE (p <.001) from 1 to 10 years of age were associated with peanut allergy resolution. Peanut sIgE measured at 1 year old had the greatest prognostic value (AUC = 0.75 [95% CI = 0.66, 0.82]); however, no single threshold produced both high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: One third of infant peanut allergy resolved by 10 years of age. Decreasing sIgE and sIgG4 to peanut and Ara h 2 over time were associated with natural resolution of peanut allergy. However, biomarker levels at diagnosis were not strongly associated with the natural history of peanut allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality is a fundamental property of nature. Separation and analysis of racemates are of great importance in the fields of medicine and the production of chiral biopharmaceutical intermediates. Chiral chromatography has the characteristics of a wide separation range, fast separation speed, and high efficiency. The development and preparation of novel chiral stationary phases with good chiral recognition and separation capacity is the core and key of chiral chromatographic separation and analysis. In this work, the representative research progress of novel chiral porous crystal materials including chiral covalent organic frameworks, chiral porous organic cages, chiral metal‐organic frameworks, and chiral metal‐organic cages used as chiral stationary phases of capillary gas chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography over the last 4 years is reviewed in detail. The chiral recognition and separation properties of the representative studies in this review are also introduced and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this current study is to assess the essential role of teacher cognitive presence within the context of the community of inquiry framework in relation to enhancing students’ academic perseverance, more specifically this type of presence influences the most students’ academic perseverance. In order to test this hypothesis, an online questionnaire was created, including the community of inquiry scale and the grit scale. A total of 529 valid and consented answers were collected. We have further analyzed the structure of the variables network with network analysis and then we have employed several sequential mediation analyses testing the impact of cognitive presence triggering events and resolution on the relationship between all the other presences and students’ academic perseverance. A circular structure has emerged in network analysis and eight significant full complementary sequential mediation analysis. Results confirm the domino effect of teacher cognitive presence triggering events and resolution on student’s grit under the community of inquiry framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a convolutional recurrent neural network (ConvRNN) wavelet-based kernel is proposed to improve the time–frequency localization of non-stationary signals. Time–frequency distributions (TFDs) are used to localize the power spectral density components of a signal simultaneously over the time–frequency plane. For various non-stationary signals (NSS) with different features, poor time–frequency resolution is always an inherent problem in all developed TFDs. This is mainly due to inefficient segmentation methods and improper kernel adaptation. In the current work, the fraction Bezier–Bernstein polynomial function is applied to model the NSS, and points of inflection are used for signal segmentation. From the obtained segments, statistical time–frequency features are extracted and fed to a ConvRNN for better time–frequency localization. The ConvRNN employs a convolution computation between input signal features and the proposed Newton–Raphson gradient algorithm (NRGA)-based wavelet function. The optimization of the ConvRNN network is achieved by incorporating a hybrid method that combines the principles of normalized adaptive gradient descent and momentum-based optimization, with an additional normalization step to enhance convergence and stability. The ConvRNN weights are updated in both forward and backward directions (resilient propagation) until a better correlation is achieved between signal segments and the wavelet kernel. It is observed that the proposed ConvRNN NRGA wavelet improves the time–frequency localization when compared with standard TFDs and state-of-the-art methodologies. Furthermore, the proposed ConvRNN model is compared with other CNN and RNN architectures for better practical interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Conventionally considered irreversible, bronchiectasis has been demonstrated to be reversible in children in small studies. However, the factors associated with radiographic reversibility of bronchiectasis have yet to be defined. Objectives: In a large cohort of children with bronchiectasis, we aimed to determine: 1) if and to what extent bronchiectasis is reversible and 2) factors associated with radiographic chest high-resolution computed tomography (cHRCT) resolution. Methods: We identified children with bronchiectasis who had a repeat multidetector cHRCT scan between 2010 and 2021. We excluded those with cystic fibrosis, surgical pulmonary resection, traction bronchiectasis only, or lobar opacification. Measurements and Main Results: cHRCT scans were scored using the modified Reiff score (MRS) with a pediatric correction. Resolution was defined as an absence of abnormal bronchoarterial ratio (>0.8) on the second cHRCT scan. We included 142 children (median age, 5 years; IQR, 2.6–7.4). Inter- and intrarater agreement in MRSs was excellent (weighted κ = 0.83–0.86 and 0.95, respectively). There was radiographic resolution in 57 of 142 patients (40.1%), improvement in 56 of 142 (39.4%), and no change or worsening in 29 of 142 (20.4%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) was absolutely associated with a lack of resolution. On multivariable regression, in those without PsA cultured, younger age at the time of diagnosis (risk ratio [RR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–0.99), lower MRS (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82–0.97), and lower annual rate of exacerbations requiring intravenous antibiotic therapy (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37–0.98) increased the likelihood of radiographic resolution. Conclusions: This first large cohort confirms that bronchiectasis in children is often reversible with appropriate management. Younger children and those with lesser radiographic severity at diagnosis were most likely to exhibit radiographic reversibility, whereas those with PsA infection were least likely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interplay between myeloid cells and T-lymphocytes is critical to the regulation of host defense and inflammation resolution. Dysregulation of this interaction can contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Important among these diseases is atherosclerosis, which refers to focal lesions in the arterial intima driven by elevated apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, notably low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and characterized by the formation of a plaque composed of inflammatory immune cells, a collection of dead cells and lipids called the necrotic core, and a fibrous cap. As the disease progresses, the necrotic core expands, and the fibrous cap becomes thin, which increases the risk of plaque rupture or erosion. Plaque rupture leads to a rapid thrombotic response that can give rise to heart attack, stroke, or sudden death. With marked lowering of circulating LDL, however, plaques become more stable and cardiac risk is lowered--a process known as atherosclerosis regression. A critical aspect of both atherosclerosis progression and regression is the crosstalk between innate (myeloid cells) and adaptive (T-lymphocytes) immune cells. Myeloid cells are specialized at clearing apoptotic cells by a process called efferocytosis, which is necessary for inflammation resolution. In advanced disease, efferocytosis is impaired, leading to secondary necrosis of apoptotic cells, inflammation, and, most importantly, defective tissue resolution. In regression, efferocytosis is reawakened aiding in inflammation resolution and plaque stabilization. Here, we will explore how efferocytosing myeloid cells could affect T-cell function and vice versa through antigen presentation, secreted factors, and cell-cell contacts and how this cellular crosstalk may contribute to the progression or regression of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]