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Background: The effects of Aquatic High-Intensity Interval Training (AHIIT) and resistive AHIIT (Resistive AHIIT) to improve metabolic responses were not yet known. Objective: This study was to compare the metabolic responses and perceived effort in young healthy adults in a single session of AHIIT and resistive AHIIT. Methods: 20 healthy subjects (9 females, 11 males) performed a stationary running at a matched exercise intensity prior AHIIT and resistive AHIIT [10 × 1-min bouts of stationary running at 90% maximum heart rate (HR max) separated by 1-min active recovery] to examine the metabolic and cardiometabolic outcomes. Mixed effects models were applied to analyze the effects of group, time, and the interaction between group and time on both outcomes. The level of correlations between metabolic variables was checked by Pearson's linear correlation. Results: There are significant differences on pre and post resting energy expenditure (REE) within both AHIIT and resistive AHIIT groups (p < 0.01) respectively as well as the subjective rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (p < 0.01) within RAHIIT group. A moderate correlation found on respiratory exertional ratio (RER) and RPE in resistive AHIIT (r = 0.534). No significant differences between groups in terms of HR max, mean heart rate (HR mean), peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and total energy expenditure (TEE) (p = 0.50, p = 0.48, p = 0.81, p = 0.59). Conclusion: Resistive AHIIT provides comparable benefits of metabolic outcomes with AHIIT. Comparable results allowed AHIIT and resistive AHIIT prescriptions precisely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThe effects of Aquatic High-Intensity Interval Training (AHIIT) and resistive AHIIT (Resistive AHIIT) to improve metabolic responses were not yet known.ObjectiveThis study was to compare the metabolic responses and perceived effort in young healthy adults in a single session of AHIIT and resistive AHIIT.Methods20 healthy subjects (9 females, 11 males) performed a stationary running at a matched exercise intensity prior AHIIT and resistive AHIIT [10 × 1-min bouts of stationary running at 90% maximum heart rate (HR max) separated by 1-min active recovery] to examine the metabolic and cardiometabolic outcomes. Mixed effects models were applied to analyze the effects of group, time, and the interaction between group and time on both outcomes. The level of correlations between metabolic variables was checked by Pearson's linear correlation.ResultsThere are significant differences on pre and post resting energy expenditure (REE) within both AHIIT and resistive AHIIT groups (p

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) and its treatment affect women's tissue architecture and physiology, which leads to impaired muscle strength and joint dysfunction, affecting quality of life (QOL). Most evidence has focused on exercises; however, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of patients’ rehabilitation needs, further research is required to investigate more adjunctive methods to help optimal rehabilitation according to patients’ needs, preferences, and effective interventions. Methods This study aimed to determine the effect of Kinesiotaping (KT) combined with resistive exercise on muscle strength and QOL in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Forty premenopausal BCS treated with chemotherapy postmastectomy participated in this study. Their age ranged from 40 to 55 years, and their body mass index (BMI) was 25–29.9 kg/m2. They were randomly distributed into two equal groups. The control group received resistive exercise two times/week for 12 weeks, while the study group received resistive exercise and KT applied to the lower limbs. Hip, knee, and ankle muscle strength were measured using a hand-held dynamometer, and QOL was evaluated using 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) before and after treatment. Results Both groups showed a significant increase (p = 0.0001) in the strength of hip flexors, knee extensors, flexors, ankle plantar flexors, and dorsiflexors, as well as SF-36 score after treatment. However, the study group showed a more significant increase in strength of hip flexors (p = 0.005), knee extensors (p = 0.01) and flexors (p = 0.02), ankle plantar flexors (p = 0.01), and dorsiflexors (p = 0.01), as well as SF-36 score (p = 0.006) than the control group. Conclusions KT plus resistive exercise is more effective than exercise alone for improving muscle strength and QOL in BCS. So, the KT can be recommended as a non-invasive, adjunctive method added to the protocol therapy for BCS to help better outcomes during the rehabilitation period.

Objectives: It is aimed to explain the impact of the combination of aerobic and resistive exercise on activities of daily living and the risk of falls in osteosarcopenic patients. Methods: Female and male patients over 70 years of age followed up from the osteoporosis outpatient clinic were screened. Appropriate patients were evaluated for sarcopenia gait speed, grip strength and skeletal muscle mass. Patients with sarcopenia who did not have the exclusion criteria were included in the 3-month aerobic and resistive exercise program. Changes in skeletal muscle mass measurements, physical performance and balance tests were evaluated at 1 month and 3 months. Results: Sarcopenia was screened in 91 patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Sarcopenia was detected in 27 patients and 23 completed the 3-month study. The mean age of the patients was 78.4±5.7 years and the number of female patients was 16 (69.6%). There was no significant change in skeletal muscle mass measurements and Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale performed at 1 and 3 months (p>0.05). Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and Berg Balance Test (BBT) were found to improve significantly in the first month, and it continued to develop in the third month (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the combination of aerobic and resistive exercise in osteosarcopenic patients did not lead to a significant increase in skeletal muscle mass, It has a significant effect on physical performance and balance. It can be foreseen that this will increase the independence of the person while reducing the risk of falling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Sleep disorders are common in postmenopausal women and are linked to poor physical and mental health, which affect quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of resistive exercise on insomnia and sleep quality in postmenopausal women. Fifty-six postmenopausal women suffering from sleep disturbance and insomnia participated in this study. Their age ranged from 50–65 years, and their body mass index (BMI) was 25–29.5 kg/m2. They were randomly distributed into two groups of an equal number. Control group received self-care and lifestyle advice, while study group received the same advice in addition to resistive exercises for 20–30 min per session for 4 weeks. Plasma estradiol levels were assessed, as well as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index, which were used to evaluate sleep quality and insomnia pre- and post-treatment. Results Control group revealed a significant decrease (p

Abstract Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclic disorder that affects social activities, interpersonal relationship, and educational productivity of adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) and resistive exercise on premenstrual symptoms in adolescents with PMS. Methods Sixty adolescents, aged 16–19 years and with body mass index > 19.9 kg/m2, participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to three groups equal in number. Control group received magnesium (Mg) (250 g) and vitamin B6 supplementation once daily. Resistive exercise group received the same supplementations and resistive exercise for three times/week, while the WBV group received the same supplementations and WBV training three times/week for 12 weeks. Premenstrual syndrome questionnaire (PMSQ) was used to evaluate premenstrual symptoms, including anxiety symptoms (PMS-A), depression symptoms (PMS-D), craving symptoms (PMS-C), hyperhydration symptoms (PMS-H), other symptoms, cramp, and low back pain. Results Pair-wise comparison test revealed a significant decrease (p = 0.000) in PMS-A, PMS-C, PMS-D, PMS-H, other symptoms, cramp, and low back pain of the resistive exercise group and WBV group after treatment. However, there was only a significant decrease in PMS-C (p = 0.03) of the control group after treatment. Post hoc test showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the resistive group and WBV group in all PMS symptoms after treatment. Conclusions Passive muscular training using WBV has a similar effect to resistive exercise on premenstrual symptoms that affect the quality of life in adolescents with PMS. Trial registration PACTR, PACTR201908589835132 . Registered 26 June 2019—retrospectively registered.

Objectives: It is aimed to explain the impact of the combination of aerobic and resistive exercise on activities of daily living and the risk of falls in osteosarcopenic patients., Methods: Female and male patients over 70 years of age followed up from the osteoporosis outpatient clinic were screened. Appropriate patients were evaluated for sarcopenia gait speed, grip strength and skeletal muscle mass. Patients with sarcopenia who did not have the exclusion criteria were included in the 3-month aerobic and resistive exercise program. Changes in skeletal muscle mass measurements, physical performance and balance tests were evaluated at 1 month and 3 months., Results: Sarcopenia was screened in 91 patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Sarcopenia was detected in 27 patients and 23 completed the 3-month study. The mean age of the patients was 78.4±5.7 years and the number of female patients was 16 (69.6%). There was no significant change in skeletal muscle mass measurements and Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale performed at 1 and 3 months (p>0.05). Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and Berg Balance Test (BBT) were found to improve significantly in the first month, and it continued to develop in the third month (p<0.05)., Conclusion: Although the combination of aerobic and resistive exercise in osteosarcopenic patients did not lead to a significant increase in skeletal muscle mass, It has a significant effect on physical performance and balance. It can be foreseen that this will increase the independence of the person while reducing the risk of falling., Competing Interests: This research did not receive any funding from agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors., (© Copyright 2024 by The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital.)

Aviation and space medicine face many common musculoskeletal challenges that manifest in crew of rotary-wing aircraft (RWA), high-performance jet aircraft (HPJA), and spacecraft. Furthermore, many astronauts are former pilots of RWA or HPJA. Flight crew are exposed to recurrent musculoskeletal risk relating to the extreme environments in which they operate, including high-gravitational force equivalents (g-forces), altered gravitational vectors, vibratory loading, and interaction with equipment. Several countermeasures have been implemented or are currently under development to reduce the magnitude and frequency of these injuries. Cervical and lumbar spine, as well as extremity injuries, are common to aviators and astronauts, and occur in training and operational environments. Stress on the spinal column secondary to gravitational loading and unloading, ± vibration are implicated in the development of pain syndromes and intervertebral disk pathology. While necessary for operation in extreme environments, crew-support equipment can contribute to musculoskeletal strain or trauma. Crew-focused injury prevention measures such as stretching, exercise, and conditioning programs have demonstrated the potential to prevent pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight injuries. Equipment countermeasures, especially those addressing helmet mass and center of gravity and spacesuit ergonomics, are also key in injury prevention. Furthermore, behavioral and training interventions are required to ensure that crew are prepared to safely operate when faced with these exposures. The common operational exposures and risk factors between RWA and HPJA pilots and astronauts lend themselves to collaborative studies to develop and improve countermeasures. Countermeasures require time and resources, and careful consideration is warranted to ensure that crew have access to equipment and expertise necessary to implement them. Further investigation is required to demonstrate long-term success of these interventions and inform flight surgeon decision-making about individualized treatment. Lessons learned from each population must be applied to the others to mitigate adverse effects on crew health and well-being and mission readiness.

Background: Rehabilitation following shoulder surgery involves the use of resistive exercise but dosing of these exercises historically employs multiple sets of pre-determined repetitions and few reports document the perceived effort encountered by patients during these exercises for both elastic resistance and free-weights. The OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale (OMNI-RES) has been tested and applied as a measure of perceived exertion (RPE) for resistive exercise but has not gained widespread acceptance as an optimal method for physical therapists to document RPE during rehabilitation of shoulder surgery. Purpose: To generate descriptive values of RPE encountered during common shoulder exercises of varying resistance in patients following shoulder surgery as well as provide a comparative analysis between perceived exertion ratings of similar exercise movement patterns using elastic and traditional isotonic resistance. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional Cohort Methods: Sixty-six subjects (mean age 53.3+12.8 years) were included in this study following shoulder surgery (RC repair n=22, labral repair n=10, SA n=34). Perceived exertion using the OMNI-RES was recorded during performance of seven rotator cuff and scapular rehabilitation exercises at 6- and 12-weeks following surgery. Results: Mean RPE using OMNI-RES in combined surgical groups ranged between 3.6 and 5.7 (mean = 4.50+2.1) across all seven exercises (scale 0 = very easy to 10 = extremely hard). From the external rotation (ER) exercise pair, paired t-tests revealed standing ER w/ Thera-band® (ERB) had a significantly higher OMNI-RES score versus sidelying ER w/ cuff weight (SLERW) (mean: 5.13 vs 4.41, p = 0.001) while the extension exercise pair consisting of standing shoulder extension w/ band (EXTB) and prone extension w/ cuff weight (PEXTW) showed no significant difference in OMNI-RES score (mean: 3.54, 3.67, p = 0.626). Conclusion: Commonly prescribed resistance exercise in the rehabilitation following shoulder surgery show lightmoderate ratings of perceived exertion at both 6 & 12 week post-operative timepoints across three surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of balance and falling are critical concerns for older adults. Physical activity can improve balance and decrease the risk of falling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a simple, low-cost exercise program for community-dwelling older adults. Sixteen senior adults were evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test for measures of functional strength, aerobic endurance, dynamic balance and agility, and flexibility. In addition, measures of height, weight, resting blood pressure, blood lipids, and cognitive function were obtained. Participants then attended a 10-week exercise class including stretching, strengthening, and balance-training exercises. At the completion of the program, significant improvements were observed in tests measuring dynamic balance and agility, lower and upper extremity strength, and upper extremity flexibility. The results indicate that exercise programs such as this are an effective, low-cost solution to improving health and factors that affect falling risk among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background HIV is increasingly considered a chronic illness. More individuals are living longer and aging with the health-related consequences associated with HIV and multi-morbidity. Exercise is a self-management approach that can promote health for people aging with HIV. We examined the safety and effectiveness of progressive resistive exercise (PRE) interventions on immunological, virological, cardiorespiratory, strength, weight, body composition, and psychological outcomes in adults living with HIV. Methods We conducted a systematic review using the Cochrane Collaboration protocol. Searching databases up to April 2013, we included randomized controlled trials that compared PRE with no exercise or another intervention performed at least three times per week for at least four weeks with adults living with HIV. Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility. We extracted data from included studies and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models with Review Manager (RevMan) computer software. Results Twenty studies met inclusion criteria (n = 764 participants at study completion); the majority of participants were men (77%) taking antiretroviral therapy (14/20 included studies). Exercise interventions included PRE alone (8 studies) or a combination of resistive and aerobic exercise (12 studies) ranging from 6 to 52 weeks in duration. Thirty-four meta-analyses were performed. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in cardiorespiratory status (maximum oxygen consumption, exercise time), strength (chest press, knee flexion), weight, and body composition (arm and thigh girth, leg muscle area) among exercisers versus non-exercisers. We found no significant differences in change in CD4 count and viral load. We were unable to perform meta-analyses for psychological outcomes however results from individual studies demonstrated improvements in health-related quality of life with exercisers compared with non-exercisers. Conclusions Performing progressive resistive exercise (PRE) or a combination of resistive and aerobic exercise at least three times per week for at least six weeks is safe and can lead to improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, weight, and body composition for adults with HIV. Exercise may be considered a safe and beneficial for enhancing the health of medically stable adults aging with HIV.

A body mass loss has been consistently observed in astronauts. This loss is of medical concern since energy deficit can exacerbate some of the deleterious physiological changes observed during space flight including cardiovascular deconditioning, bone density, muscle mass and strength losses, impaired exercise capacity, and immune deficiency among others. These may jeopardize crew health and performance, a healthy return to Earth and mission’s overall success. In the context of planning for planetary exploration, achieving energy balance during long-term space flights becomes a research and operational priority. The regulation of energy balance and its components in current longer duration missions in space must be re-examined and fully understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize current understanding of how energy intake, energy expenditure, and hence energy balance are regulated in space compared to Earth. Data obtained in both actual and simulated microgravity thus far suggest that the obligatory exercise countermeasures program, rather than the microgravity per se, may be partly responsible for the chronic weight loss in space. Little is known of the energy intake, expenditure, and balance during the intense extravehicular activities which will become increasingly more frequent and difficult. The study of the impact of exercise on energy balance in space also provides further insights on lifestyle modalities such as intensity and frequency of exercise, metabolism, and the regulation of body weight on Earth, which is currently a topic of animated debate in the field of energy and obesity research. While not dismissing the significance of exercise as a countermeasure during space flight, data now challenge the current exercise countermeasure program promoted and adopted for many years by all the International Space Agencies. An alternative exercise approach that has a minimum impact on total energy expenditure in space, while preventing muscle mass loss and other physiological changes, is needed in order to better understand the in-flight regulation of energy balance and estimate daily energy requirements. A large body of data generated on Earth suggests that alternate approaches, such as high intensity interval training (HIIT), in combination or not with sessions of resistive exercise, might fulfill such needs.

Objective: To evaluate functional myocardial contractility after 21 days of head-down bed rest (HDBR) in sedentary control (CON) or with a resistive vibration exercise (RVE) countermeasure (CM) applied, by using 4D echocardiographic (4D echo) imaging and speckle tracking strain quantification.Methods: Twelve volunteers were enrolled in a crossover HDBR design, and 4D echo was performed in supine position (REST) at BDC-2 and at R + 2, and in - 6° HDT at day 18, and during the first and the last minute of the 80° head-up step of tilt test performed at both BDC-2 and R + 2. Radial (Rad-Str), longitudinal (Lg-Str) and twist (Tw-Str) strains were measured by 4D speckle tracking, as well as left ventricle diastolic volume (LVDV) and mass (LVmass).Results: On HDT 18: in the CON group, LVDV and LVmass were reduced (p < 0.05), the Rad-Str decreased (p < 0.05) and Tw-Str showed a tendency to increase (p < 0.11), with no changes in Lg-Str. In RVE group, LVDV and LV mass, as well as all the strain parameters remained unchanged. On R + 2: in the CON group, LVDV and LVmass were not recovered in all subjects compared to pre-HDBR (p < 0.08) and Rad-Str was still decreased (p < 0.05), while Tw-Str tended to increase (p < 0.09). These parameters remained unchanged in the RVE group. Tilt 80°: Rad-Str and Lg-Str values at 80° tilt were similar post-HDT in both groups.Conclusion: The 4D echo and speckle tracking analysis showed that in the CON group, Rad-Str decreased concomitant with LVmass and LVDV with HDBR, but this observation did not allow concluding if HDBR induced a real remodeling or a muscle atrophy. RVE was able to preserve LVmass, LVDV and contractility during HDBR, thus proving its effectiveness to this aim. Nevertheless, the significant HDBR-induced changes observed in the CON group had only a limited effect on the cardiac contractile response as observed during post-HDBR tilt test. The level of contractility at 80° Tilt position was not affected either by HDBR or by RVE CM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the advent of antiretrovirals, people with HIV are living longer and have improved quality of life. However, 30–60% of these individuals experience cognitive impairment. Fortunately, physical activity has emerged as a management strategy for cognitive impairment. Purpose: To map the evidence on physical activity and cognition in HIV. Methods: We searched five databases using terms related to physical activity and HIV. Two authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts for studies that addressed physical activity/exercise and cognition in people with HIV. Authors reviewed full texts to identify articles that met our inclusion criteria. One author extracted the data, then we collated the results and summarized the characteristics of included studies. Results: Sixteen studies from high-income countries were included; eight were interventional (five randomized controlled trials and three pre-post single group observational studies) and eight were non-interventional studies. The interventional studies included aerobic, resistive, and Tai Chi exercise for 8 weeks to 12 months in duration. Two of eight interventional studies found exercise to benefit self-reported cognition. All eight non-interventional studies showed a positive relationship between physical activity and cognitive function. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that physical activity may preserve or improve cognition in people living with HIV. Physical activity may play a role in preserving or improving cognition in the human immunodeficiency virus population. Exercise should be prescribed for people with human immunodeficiency virus based on the stage of infection. Rehabilitation professionals should follow current exercise guidelines when prescribing exercise for people living with human immunodeficiency virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A body mass loss has been consistently observed in astronauts. This loss is of medical concern since energy deficit can exacerbate some of the deleterious physiological changes observed during space flight including cardiovascular deconditioning, bone density, muscle mass and strength losses, impaired exercise capacity, and immune deficiency among others. These may jeopardize crew health and performance, a healthy return to Earth and mission's overall success. In the context of planning for planetary exploration, achieving energy balance during long-term space flights becomes a research and operational priority. The regulation of energy balance and its components in current longer duration missions in space must be re-examined and fully understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize current understanding of how energy intake, energy expenditure, and hence energy balance are regulated in space compared to Earth. Data obtained in both actual and simulated microgravity thus far suggest that the obligatory exercise countermeasures program, rather than the microgravity per se , may be partly responsible for the chronic weight loss in space. Little is known of the energy intake, expenditure, and balance during the intense extravehicular activities which will become increasingly more frequent and difficult. The study of the impact of exercise on energy balance in space also provides further insights on lifestyle modalities such as intensity and frequency of exercise, metabolism, and the regulation of body weight on Earth, which is currently a topic of animated debate in the field of energy and obesity research. While not dismissing the significance of exercise as a countermeasure during space flight, data now challenge the current exercise countermeasure program promoted and adopted for many years by all the International Space Agencies. An alternative exercise approach that has a minimum impact on total energy expenditure in space, while preventing muscle mass loss and other physiological changes, is needed in order to better understand the in-flight regulation of energy balance and estimate daily energy requirements. A large body of data generated on Earth suggests that alternate approaches, such as high intensity interval training (HIIT), in combination or not with sessions of resistive exercise, might fulfill such needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bed rest studies document that a lower dietary acid load is associated with lower bone resorption. Objective: We tested the effect of dietary acid load on bone metabolism during spaceflight. Design: Controlled 4-d diets with a high or low animal protein-to-potassium (APro:K) ratio (High and Low diets, respectively) were given to 17 astronauts before and during spaceflight. Each astronaut had 1 High and 1 Low diet session before flight and 2 High and 2 Low sessions during flight, in addition to a 4-d session around flight day 30 (FD30), when crew members were to consume their typical in-flight intake. At the end of each session, blood and urine samples were collected. Calcium, total protein, energy, and sodium were maintained in each crew member's preflight and in-flight controlled diets. Results: Relative to preflight values, N-telopeptide (NTX) and urinary calcium were higher during flight, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) was higher toward the end of flight. The High and Low diets did not affect NTX, BSAP, or urinary calcium. Dietary sulfur and age were significantly associated with changes in NTX. Dietary sodium and flight day were significantly associated with urinary calcium during flight. The net endogenous acid production (NEAP) estimated from the typical dietary intake at FD30 was associated with loss of bone mineral content in the lumbar spine after the mission. The results were compared with data from a 70-d bed rest study, in which control (but not exercising) subjects' APro:K was associated with higher NTX during bed rest. Conclusions: Long-term lowering of NEAP by increasing vegetable and fruit intake may protect against changes in loss of bone mineral content during spaceflight when adequate calcium is consumed, particularly if resistive exercise is not being performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Chondromalacia patella is one of the chronic dysfunctions of the patella femoral joint which is the most common anterior knee syndrome especially among the youth. Muscle weakness and proprioception deficit are the subsequent problems of this dysfunction. Thus, the aim of this study was the investigation and comparison of the effects of vibration training and resistive exercise on this disorder. Methods: In the present study, 35 men (mean ± standard deviation of: age = 22.6±2.9 years, height = 175.5±8.3 cm, and weight =77.6±9.3 kg) were selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups, including the vibration technique (n=12), resistive exercise (n=12), and control (n=11). The first two groups followed their own specific protocol 3 days per week for 8 weeks, and were forbidden from participating in any sport or physical activity. Pain intensity and active angle reproduction error (AARE) for 45˚ knee flexion were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Biodex system. Results: The pain and AARE were decreased significantly in both experimental groups in comparison to the control group (P

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight months of resistive training on growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein3 (IGFBP3) plasma levels in patients with severe burns. Methods: The research method used in this study was of the individual-case type with multiple base lines for the participants. The examinees of this study included two women with severe burns (third degree) in the age range of 20 to 30 years confined in the Central Accidents and Burns Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. After determining the base-line position, the participants were entered into the project in a ladder step-by-step format. During the 8 months of individual intervention, they did the resistive training and one month after the finishing of the intervention period, they were put under follow-up examinations for 2 months. The measuring tool for this study was the blood tests taken for measuring GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 plasma levels, which were taken at the fasting morning time and 24 hours after the exercises at the end of each month. Findings: Based on the visual analysis and descriptive statistical indexes, the resistive training in both examinees had caused a significant change in the GH, IGF1 and IGFBP3 plasma levels; as the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) was 75% for the first and 87.5% for the second examinee in GH level, and 100% for both examinees in IGF1 and IGFBBP3 levels. Conclusion: It seems that long-term resistive training can cause elevation of the plasma level of some growth factors in patients with severe burns or it can prevent the reverse process and intense decline in these factors after the burn takes place. In addition, it would make these patients become free of the need for frequent surgeries and using different equipments.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of Handheld Resistive Exercise Device (HRED) training on wellness outcomes in older adults. A secondary purpose was to assess the utilization of an HRED in older adult fitness program. A group of healthy, active older adults (N=28, 76.6 ± 6.7 years old) volunteered to complete a 10-week HRED training program. Pre- and post-intervention changes were evaluated for muscular strength, static balance, mobility, fall-efficacy, and self-efficacy for activities of daily living. Significant improvement was seen in muscular strength (grip strength, p < 0.01), mobility (TUG time, p <0.01), and self-efficacy for jogging (p = 0.036) and push-ups (p = 0.045). Most of participants (92.9%) indicated that they would like to continue exercising with the HRED. A 10-week HRED exercise program produced some improvement on wellness outcomes in older adults and the HRED is an acceptable fitness device for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations made by the World Health Organization have shown that lack of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle are among ten major causes for death and disability. Typically, studies of the negative effects of reduced physical activity and their prevention face difficulties of providing standard conditions. These issues were obviated successfully in the Mars-500 experiment on simulation of a space exploration mission. The sample of subjects consisted of six volunteers from Russia, France, Italy, and China, who were isolated in a limited space for 520 days. To prevent the negative effects of low physical activity, the volunteers performed resistive and cyclic exercises in different periods of isolation. The study was designed with two pauses in the training program. Physical performance was evaluated with an incremental loading test, maximal voluntary effort test (Russian–Austrian MDS resistive exercise system), and PWC-170 (bicycle ergometer). The level of physical performance of the subjects in this experiment never degraded to below baseline values. The proposed training system comprising different kinds of exercise ensured stability or improvement physical performance as compared with the baseline level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV is increasingly considered a chronic illness. More individuals are living longer and aging with the health-related consequences associated with HIV and multi-morbidity. Exercise is a self-management approach that can promote health for people aging with HIV. We examined the safety and effectiveness of progressive resistive exercise (PRE) interventions on immunological, virological, cardiorespiratory, strength, weight, body composition, and psychological outcomes in adults living with HIV.Methods: We conducted a systematic review using the Cochrane Collaboration protocol. Searching databases up to April 2013, we included randomized controlled trials that compared PRE with no exercise or another intervention performed at least three times per week for at least four weeks with adults living with HIV. Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility. We extracted data from included studies and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models with Review Manager (RevMan) computer software.Results: Twenty studies met inclusion criteria (n = 764 participants at study completion); the majority of participants were men (77%) taking antiretroviral therapy (14/20 included studies). Exercise interventions included PRE alone (8 studies) or a combination of resistive and aerobic exercise (12 studies) ranging from 6 to 52 weeks in duration. Thirty-four meta-analyses were performed. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in cardiorespiratory status (maximum oxygen consumption, exercise time), strength (chest press, knee flexion), weight, and body composition (arm and thigh girth, leg muscle area) among exercisers versus non-exercisers. We found no significant differences in change in CD4 count and viral load. We were unable to perform meta-analyses for psychological outcomes however results from individual studies demonstrated improvements in health-related quality of life with exercisers compared with non-exercisers.Conclusions: Performing progressive resistive exercise (PRE) or a combination of resistive and aerobic exercise at least three times per week for at least six weeks is safe and can lead to improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, weight, and body composition for adults with HIV. Exercise may be considered a safe and beneficial for enhancing the health of medically stable adults aging with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of compression garment increases blood flow favoring the ADP resynthesis with lower levels of lactate post-activity. The aim of this study was to compare the blood lactate concentration before and after the squat exercise, using and not using compression pants. Eight male subjects participated in the study (21,50 ± 3,07 years, 79,88 ± 12,26 kg e 1,77 ± 0,08 m). The lactate concentration was measured in three moments: Pre, Post0' and Post10' of exercise. At Post0' lactate was higher than Pre in both conditions (experimental 15,10±1,25 e 2,80 ± 0,76; control 10,41 ± 1,27 e 3,21 ± 0,80, p<0,05). At Post0'experimental lactate was significantly higher than control (15,10 ± 1,25 e 10,41 ± 1,27, p<0,05). At Post10'experimental, lactate was significantly higher than at pre (12,64± 1,70, p<0,05). The use of compression pants was associated with significantly higher levels of lactate in Post0' test and Post10' test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe blood pressure responses during resistance exercise in hypertensive subjects and to determine whether an exercise protocol alters these responses. INTRODUCTION: Resistance exercise has been recommended as a complement for aerobic exercise for hypertensive patients. However, blood pressure changes during this kind of exercise have been poorly investigated in hypertensives, despite multiple studies of normotensives demonstrating significant increases in blood pressure. METHODS: Ten hypertensive and ten normotensive subjects performed, in random order, two different exercise protocols, composed by three sets of the knee extension exercise conducted to exhaustion: 40% of the 1-repetition maximum (1RM) with a 45-s rest between sets, and 80% of 1RM with a 90-s rest between sets. Radial intra-arterial blood pressure was measured before and throughout each protocol. RESULTS: Compared with normotensives, hypertensives displayed greater increases in systolic BP during exercise at 80% (+80±3 vs. +62±2 mmHg, P

Anabolic-androgenic steroids are misused, including by women, but little is known about the cardiovascular effects of these drugs on women. Aim: To evaluated the effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and resistive physical exercise on cardiac contractility in young female rats. Main methods: Female Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups: C (untrained animals); E (animals were submitted to resistance exercise by jumping in water 5 times per week); ND (animals were treated with ND, 20 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks); and NDE (trained and treated). The haemodynamic parameters (+ dP/dt max , − dP/dt min and Tau) were assessed in the left ventricle. The heart was collected for histological analyses and collagen deposition. The gastrocnemius muscle was weighed, and hypertrophy was assessed by the ratio of their weights to gastrocnemius/tibia length. The expression of calcium handling proteins was measured by western blot analysis. Results: ND treatment and physical exercise increased cardiac contractility and relaxation. In addition, ND promoted increases in phospholamban phosphorylated (p-PLB) and isoforms of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2a) expression, while resistance exercise increased the phosphorylation of PLB and expression of Na + /Ca 2 + exchangers (NCX). Cardiac hypertrophy and collagen deposition were observed after ND treatment. Conclusion: Regulatory components of cytosolic calcium, such as SERCA2a and p-PLB, play important roles in modulating the contractility and relaxation effects of ND in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are not many studies about the effects of physical activity on pulmonary function in normal population. However, it seems that strengthening and persevering respiratory muscles is an effective technique for improving pulmonary function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of eight-week aerobic, resistance, and interval exercise routines on respiratory parameters in non-athlete women. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six non-athlete women between 18-25 years old participated in this prospective quasi-experimental trial. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups (aerobic, resistance and interval exercise, 12 in each group). Each group exercised three times a week for a total of eight weeks (24 sessions in total). Pulmonary function tests (PFT), including tidal volume (VT), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), inspiratory capacity (IC), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first seconds (FEV1), the ratio of FEV1/FVC, peak inspiratory flow (PIF), and forced expiratory flow (FEF 25-75%) were recorded before and after the implementation of the exercise program for all participants. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.17 ± 2.13. The results of the paired T-test indicated that VC significantly increased in the group assigned to aerobic exercise (P = 0.028), while IC (P = 0.012) and PIF (P = 0.019) significantly increased in the group assigned to interval training. Conclusion: Our results showed that interval and aerobic exercise routines could improve pulmonary functions and aerobic and interval training can be used to increase VC, IC, PIF, in non-athlete women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: Investigar a influência de duas sessões únicas de exercício resistido (circuito com pesos) e aeróbio sobre as alterações pressóricas, em indivíduos sedentários e normotensos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados pela monitorização numa situação controle, sem realização de exercícios (MAPA 1) 25 indivíduos, após exercício resistido (MAPA 2) e após exercício aeróbio (MAPA 3). Os exercícios resistidos foram realizados sob forma de circuito com pesos, com intensidade de 40% da força máxima individual e os exercícios aeróbicos em cicloergômetro, com intensidade entre 60% e 70% da freqüência cardíaca (FC) máxima alcançada no teste ergométrico. RESULTADOS: A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) de 24h e sub-períodos vigília e sono não apresentaram variações estatisticamente significantes quando comparada à MAPA2 e MAPA3 e MAPA2 e MAPA3 entre si. A pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) de 24h e diurna apresentaram reduções significantes (POBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of 2 single exercise sessions on blood pressure in sedentary normotensive individuals: one of resistive exercise training (circuit weight training) and the other of aerobic exercise training. METHODS: Using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, this study assessed 25 individuals as follows: in a controlled situation at rest (ABPM 1); after resistive exercise training (ABPM 2); and after aerobic exercise training (ABPM 3). Resistive exercise training was performed as circuit weight training with an intensity of 40% of each individual's maximum strength. The aerobic exercise training was performed on a cycloergometer with intensity between 60% and 70% of the maximum heart rate (HR) reached during previous exercise testing. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) values during 24 hours and during subperiods of wakefulness and sleep showed no statistically significant variations when the results obtained at rest were compared with those of ABPM2 and ABPM3, and when the results of ABPM2 were compared with those of ABPM3. The mean heart rate during 24 hours and in the wakefulness period showed significant increases (P

To analyze the consumption of oxygen and to quantify the mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins (OXPHOS) in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats exposed to cigarette smoke and/or RT practitioners. Wistar rats were divided into groups: Control (C), Smoker (S), Exercise (E) and Exercise Smoker (ES). Groups F and ES were exposed to the smoke of 4 cigarettes for 30 min, 2× a day, 5× a week, for 16 weeks. Groups E and ES performed four climbs with progressive load, 1× per day, 5× per week, for 16 weeks. The gastrocnemius muscle was collected for analysis of OXPHOS content and oxygen consumption. Groups S (vs. C) and ES (vs. C and E) showed lower body weight gain when observing the evolution curve. The S rats showed a reduction in the NDUFB8 proteins of complex 1, SDHB of complex 2, MTC01 of complex 4 and ATP5A of complex 5 (ATP Synthase) compared to Group C. Additionally, S rats also showed increased consumption of O2 in Basal, Leak, Complex I and I/II combined measures compared to the other groups, suggesting that the activity of the mitochondria of these animals increased in terms of coupling and uncoupling parameters. Our data suggest that exposure to cigarette smoke for 16 weeks is capable of causing impairment of mitochondrial function with reduced expression of respiratory chain proteins in skeletal muscle. However, the RT was effective in preventing impairment of mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle of rats exposed to secondary cigarette smoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]