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Arsenic is a bladder carcinogen though less is known regarding the specific temporal relationship between exposure and bladder cancer diagnosis. In this study, we modeled time-varying mixtures of arsenic exposures at many historic temporal windows to evaluate their association with bladder cancer risk in the New England Bladder Cancer Study. We used arsenic exposure estimates up to 60 years prior to study entry and compared the goodness of fit of models using these mixtures to those using summary measures of arsenic exposures. We used the Bayesian index low rank kriging multiple membership model (LRK-MMM) to estimate the associations of these mixtures with bladder cancer and estimate cumulative spatial risk for bladder cancer using participants' residential histories. We found consistent evidence that modeling arsenic exposures as a time-varying mixture provided better fit to the data than using a single arsenic exposure summary measure. We estimated several positive though not significant associations of the time-varying arsenic mixtures with bladder cancer having odds ratios (ORs) of 1.03–1.14 and identified many significant and positive associations for an interaction among those who consumed water from a private dug well (ORs 1.28–1.60). Arsenic exposures 40–50 years before study entry received elevated importance weights in these mixtures. Additionally, we found two small areas of elevated cumulative spatial risk for bladder cancer in southern New Hampshire and in south central Maine. These results emphasize the importance of considering time-varying mixtures of exposures for diseases with long latencies such as bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The exposome is theorized to interact with biological mechanisms to influence risk for Alzheimer's disease but is not well‐integrated into existing Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) brain bank data collection. METHODS: We apply public data tracing, an iterative, dual abstraction and validation process rooted in rigorous historic archival methods, to develop life‐course residential histories for 1254 ADRC decedents. RESULTS: The median percentage of the life course with an address is 78.1% (IQR 24.9); 56.5% of the sample has an address for at least 75% of their life course. Archivists had 89.7% agreement at the address level. This method matched current residential survey methodology 97.4% on average. DISCUSSION: This novel method demonstrates feasibility, reproducibility, and rigor for historic data collection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that public data tracing methods for brain bank decedent residential history development can be used to better integrate the social exposome with biobank specimens. Highlights: Public data tracing compares favorably to survey‐based residential history.Public data tracing is feasible and reproducible between archivists.Archivists achieved 89.7% agreement at the address level.This method identifies residences for nearly 80% of life‐years, on average.This novel method enables brain banks to add social characterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal migration research is paying increasing attention to the role in migration behaviour of having non‐resident family—family living outside of the household—living close by, and also to non‐migration and staying in general. Combining these two themes, this paper investigates the role of non‐resident family ties in rural staying for adults aged 31–64. Using a mixed methods analysis of survey and interview data from the Netherlands, Germany and Northern Ireland (UK), we examine if the presence of non‐resident family nearby relates to future intentions to stay in the rural region, and we explore the meanings of different family relations and how they relate to past and ongoing staying behaviours. Our findings reveal that living near non‐resident children and in‐laws increases the likelihood of the intention to stay in the rural region for the rest of one's lifetime. While the quantitative analyses suggest that the presence of parents in the area does not contribute to future staying intentions, the interviews revealed that parents' residential proximity was integral in the original staying decision. Non‐resident family members provide emotional and instrumental support, offer location‐specific structural opportunities, and provide a sense of security. Partly, family obligations also play a role in staying, yet not in the sense that rural stayers are 'stuck in place' because of family ties, but rather in an implicit way, intertwined with senses of belonging and attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on neighborhoods and health typically measures neighborhood context at a single point in time. However, neighborhood exposures accumulate over the life course, influenced by both residential mobility and neighborhood change, with potential implications for estimating the impact of neighborhoods on health. Commercial databases offer fine-grained longitudinal residential address data that can enrich life-course spatial epidemiology research, and validated methods for reconstructing residential histories from these databases are needed. Our study draws on unique data from a geographically diverse, population-based representative sample of adult Wisconsin residents and the LexisNexis (New York, New York) Accurint, a commercial personal profile database, to develop a systematic and reliable methodology for constructing individual residential histories. Our analysis demonstrated that creating residential histories across diverse geographical contexts is feasible, and it highlights differences in the information obtained from available residential histories by age, education, race/ethnicity, and rural/urban/suburban residency. Researchers should consider potential address data availability and information biases favoring socioeconomically advantaged individuals and their implications for studying health inequalities. Despite these limitations, LexisNexis data can generate varied residential exposure metrics and be linked to contextual data to enrich research into the contextual determinants of health at varied geographic scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A causal relationship between mesothelioma and occupational asbestos exposure is well known, while some studies have shown a relationship to non‐occupational exposures. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of mesothelioma death associated with neighborhood asbestos exposure due to a large‐scale asbestos‐cement (AC) plant in Amagasaki, Japan, adjusting properly risk factors including occupational exposures. We conducted a nested case‐control study in which a fixed population of 143,929 residents who had been living in Amagasaki City between 1975 and 2002 were followed from 2002 to 2015. All 133 cases and 403 matched controls were interviewed about their occupational, domestic, household, and neighborhood asbestos exposures. Odds ratios (ORs) for mesothelioma death associated with the neighborhood exposure were estimated by a conditional logistic‐regression model. For quantitative assessments for neighborhood exposure, we adopted cumulative indices for individuals' residential histories at each residence‐specific asbestos concentration multiplied by the duration during the potential exposure period of 1957–1975 (crocidolite). We observed an increasing, dose‐dependent risk of mesothelioma death associated with neighborhood exposure, demonstrating that ORs in the highest quintile category were 21.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.8–79.2) for all, 23.7 (95% CI 3.8–147.2) for males, and 26.0 (95% CI 2.8–237.5) for females compared to the lowest quintile, respectively. A quantitative assessment for risk of mesothelioma deaths, adjusting for occupational and non‐occupational exposures separately, showed a dose‐dependent association with neighborhood exposure and no substantial gender differences in magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing evidence links air pollution to breast cancer (BC) risk. Yet, pollutant exposure estimates at the workplace location in pollution exposure assessment have not been considered. This study investigates the association between particulate matters (PM 2·5 , PM 10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) atmospheric concentrations (1990–2011), at the women's residential and workplace locations, and BC risk. This case-control study of 2419 BC cases and 2984 controls, was nested in the French prospective E3N cohort. The annual mean PM 2·5 , PM 10 and NO 2 concentrations were estimated using a Land Use Regression model (50 m x 50 m resolution) and assigned to the women's geocoded residential and workplace locations, from cohort recruitment to their index date (date of case diagnosis). Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. An increased BC risk was observed for a 10 µg/m3 increase of the 1990–2011 average PM 2·5 concentration estimates (OR=1·28; CI 1·00, 1·63). An increased risk was suggested for a 10 µg/m3 increase for PM 10 (OR=1·09; CI 0·92, 1·30) and NO 2 (OR=1·05; CI 0·97, 1·13). No effect modification by menopausal status, nor difference by hormone receptor status were observed. This study is the first to estimate BC risk and long-term air pollutant exposure from both, residential and workplace location histories. Results suggest that residential PM 2·5 , PM 10 and NO 2 concentrations are strongly correlated with workplace ones, indicating that residential data may serve as proxy for overall exposure. Future studies should consider exposure during commuting. • First study on air pollution effect using both residential and workplace addresses. • Exposure to PM 2.5 was significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk. • An increased risk was suggested for exposure to PM 10 and NO 2. • Findings were comparable when using only residence concentration estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exposome is an ideal in public health research that posits that individuals experience risk for adverse health outcomes from a wide variety of sources over their lifecourse. There have been increases in data collection in the various components of the exposome, but novel statistical methods are needed that capture multiple dimensions of risk at once. We introduce a Bayesian index low‐rank kriging (LRK) multiple membership model (MMM) to simultaneously estimate the health effects of one or more groups of exposures, the relative importance of exposure components, and cumulative spatial risk over time using residential histories. The model employs an MMM to consider all residential locations for subjects weighted by duration and LRK to increase computational efficiency. We demonstrate the performance of the Bayesian index LRK‐MMM through a simulation study, showing that the model accurately and consistently estimates the health effects of one or several group indices and has high power to identify a region of elevated spatial risk due to unmeasured environmental exposures. Finally, we apply our model to data from a multicenter case‐control study of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), finding a significant positive association between one index of pesticides and risk for NHL in Iowa. Additionally, we find an area of significantly elevated spatial risk for NHL in Los Angeles. In conclusion, our Bayesian index LRK‐MMM represents a step forward toward bringing the ideals of the exposome into practice for environmental risk analyzes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many health outcomes result from accumulated exposures to one or more environmental factors. Accordingly, spatial risk studies have begun to consider multiple residential locations of participants, acknowledging that participants move and thus are exposed to environmental factors in several places. However, novel methods are needed to estimate cumulative spatial risk for disease while accounting for other risk factors. To this end, we propose a Bayesian model (LRK-MMM) that embeds a multiple membership model (MMM) into a low-rank kriging (LRK) model in order to estimate cumulative spatial risk at the point level while allowing for multiple residential locations per subject. The LRK approach offers a more computationally efficient means to analyze spatial risk in case-control study data at the point level compared with a Bayesian generalized additive model, and as increased precision in spatial risk estimates by analyzing point locations instead of administrative areas. Through a simulation study, we demonstrate the efficacy of the model and its improvement upon an existing multiple membership model that uses area-level spatial random effects to estimate risk. The results show that our proposed method provides greater spatial sensitivity (improvements ranging from 0.12 to 0.54) and power (improvements ranging from 0.02 to 0.94) to detect regions of elevated risk for disease across a range of exposure scenarios. Finally, we apply our model to case-control data from the New England bladder cancer study to estimate cumulative spatial risk while adjusting for many covariates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neighborhood level social determinants of health are commonly measured using a patient's most recent residential location. Not accounting for residential history, and therefore missing accumulated stressors from prior social vulnerabilities, could increase misclassification bias. We tested the hypothesis that the electronic health record could capture the residential history of lung transplant patients –a vulnerable population. After applying the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to individual residential histories, the most recent SVI equaled the first SVI in only 15.4% (58/374) of patients. There is a need for databases with residential histories to inform place-based determinants of health and applications to patient care. • Social Determinants of Health often consider only the most recent residence. • Not accounting for the residential history could increase misclassification bias. • Patient mobility could be captured using the electronic health record. • There is a critical need for databases with residential histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deleterious neighborhood conditions are associated with poor health, yet the health impact of cumulative lifetime exposure to neighborhood disadvantage is understudied. Using up to five decades of residential histories for 4,177 adult participants in the Survey of Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) and spatio-temporally linked neighborhood conditions, we develop four operational approaches to characterizing cumulative neighborhood (dis)advantage over the life course. We estimated their associations with self-reported general health and compared to estimates using neighborhood (dis)advantage at time of study enrollment. When cumulative exposures were assessed with the most granular temporal scale (Approach 4), neighborhood transport constraints (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.36), residential turnover (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.34), education deficit (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.32), racial segregation (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.38) and median household income (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.97) were significantly associated with risk of fair or poor health. For composite neighborhood disadvantage, cumulative exposures had a stronger association (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08) than the cross-sectional exposure (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06). Single point-in-time neighborhood measures underestimate the neighborhood and health relationship, underscoring the importance of a life course approach to cumulative exposure measurement., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.)

There is a rise in attention to residential history in cancer epidemiology aimed at more effective estimation of social and physical environmental exposures and the influence of place of residence on cancer outcomes. However, in the United States, as in many other countries, residential history data are not readily available. In this paper we explore the feasibility of using the annual Medicare billing ZIP code history available in the SEER-Medicare database to study residential mobility among older cancer survivors in the U.S. In a cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2007 and 2015, we examine the completeness of the data along with the overall characteristics of residential moves based on race and stage at diagnosis. Findings indicate that residential mobility among older women with breast cancer in the U.S. is limited, but differences by race/ethnicity, stage at diagnosis and before/after diagnosis are statistically significant. And breast cancer survivors from minority groups move more frequently than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. The results also show that move rate slightly, but statistically significantly, increases after diagnosis. We conclude that SEER-Medicare can be utilized to study residential mobility among older cancer survivors. We recommend the creation of sub-cohorts based on specific research questions to account for variability in residential mobility due to very short survival times or a diagnosis shortly after Medicare enrollment. Studying residential history provides the opportunity for assigning socioecological and exposure metrics for future survival studies.

Background: Epidemiological studies utilize residential histories to assess environmental exposure risk. The validity from using commercially-sourced residential histories within national longitudinal studies remains unclear. Our study assessed predictors of non-agreement between baseline addresses from the commercially-sourced LexisNexis database and participants in the national longitudinal study, REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS). Additionally, we assessed differences in stroke risk by neighborhood socioeconomic score (nSES) based on participant reported address compared to nSES from LexisNexis/REGARDS matched baseline address. Methods: From January 2003–October 2007, REGARDS enrolled 30,239 black and white adults aged 45 and older within the continental United States and collected their baseline address. ArcGIS Desktop 10.5.1 with ESRI 2016 Business Analyst Data was used to geocode baseline addresses from LexisNexis and REGARDS. Logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood that LexisNexis address matched REGARDS baseline address for each participant. Survival analysis was used to estimate association between nSES and incident stroke. Results: Approximately 91% of REGARDS participants had a LexisNexis address. Of these geocoded addresses, 93% of REGARDS baseline addresses matched LexisNexis addresses. Odds of agreement between LexisNexis and REGARDS was higher for older-aged participants (OR = 1.02 per year, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.02), blacks compared to whites (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.29), females compared to males (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26), participants with an income of $34k-74k compared to an income less than $20k (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.89). Odds of agreement were lower for residents in Midwest compared to residents in the south (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94). No significant differences in nSES-stroke associations were observed between REGARDS only and LexisNexis/REGARDS matched addresses; however, differences in interactions were observed. Conclusion: Agreement between LexisNexis and REGARDS addresses varied by sociodemographic groups, potentially introducing bias in studies reliant on LexisNexis alone for residential address data.

By using geospatial information such as participants' residential history along with external datasets of environmental exposures, ongoing studies can enrich their cohorts to investigate the role of the environment on brain-behavior health outcomes. However, challenges may arise if clear guidance and key quality control steps are not taken at the outset of data collection of residential information. Here, we detail the protocol development aimed at improving the collection of lifetime residential address information from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. This protocol generates a workflow for minimizing gaps in residential information, improving data collection processes, and reducing misclassification error in exposure estimates. • Geospatial data can enrich cohort studies on brain-behavior health outcomes. • Strong frameworks and quality control steps are needed to avoid missing data/errors. • Application to the ABCD Study SOP has generated more complete residential data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is an endocrine-disrupting pollutant formed during incomplete combustion of organic materials. It has been recognized as a reproductive and developmental toxicant, however epidemiological evidence of the long-term effect of ambient air BaP on breast cancer (BC) is limited. Thus we evaluated associations between ambient air BaP exposure and risk of BC, overall and according to menopausal status and molecular subtypes (estrogen receptor negative/positive (ER−/ER+) and progesterone receptor negative/positive (PR−/PR+)), stage and grade of differentiation of BC in the French E3N cohort study. Methods: Within a nested case-control study of 5222 incident BC cases and 5222 matched controls, annual BaP exposure was estimated using a chemistry-transport model (CHIMERE) and was assigned to the geocoded residential addresses of participants for each year during the 1990–2011 follow-up period. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Overall, cumulative airborne BaP exposure was significantly associated with the overall risk of BC, for each 1 interquartile range (IQR) increase in the concentration levels of BaP (1.42 ng/m3), the OR = 1.15 (95% CI: 1.04–1.27). However, by menopausal status, the significant positive association remained only in women who underwent menopausal transition (i.e. premenopausal women at inclusion who became postmenopausal at diagnosis), OR per 1 IQR = 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03–1.40). By hormone receptor status, positive associations were observed for ER+, PR + and ER + PR + BC, with ORs = 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04–1.32), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.01–1.33), and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.01–1.36) per 1 IQR, respectively. There was also a borderline positive association between BaP and grade 3 BC (OR per 1 IQR = 1.15 (95% CI: 0.99–1.34). Conclusions: We provide evidence of increased risk of BC associated with cumulative BaP exposure, which varied according to menopausal status, hormone receptor status, and grade of differentiation of BC. Our results add further epidemiological evidence to the previous experimental studies suggesting the adverse effects of BaP.

Drawing on the life-course perspective, this study examines the effect of residential histories spent living in poor neighborhoods on the contemporaneous likelihood of moving between poor and non-poor neighborhoods. We use individual-level data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1970 to 2013 in conjunction with neighborhood-level data derived from four U.S. censuses. Results from logistic regression analyses show that a longer residential history spent in poor neighborhoods both reduces the likelihood of moving from a poor to a non-poor neighborhood and increases the likelihood of moving from a non-poor to a poor neighborhood. A decomposition analysis reveals that a sizeable portion of the racial differences in the likelihood of moving between poor and non-poor neighborhoods is attributable to differences between blacks and whites in the duration of time they have spent living in a poor neighborhood. Our study highlights the salient role of residential histories in perpetuating racial inequality in neighborhood poverty over the life course and across generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The exposome is theorized to interact with biological mechanisms to influence risk for Alzheimer's disease but is not well-integrated into existing Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) brain bank data collection., Methods: We apply public data tracing, an iterative, dual abstraction and validation process rooted in rigorous historic archival methods, to develop life-course residential histories for 1254 ADRC decedents., Results: The median percentage of the life course with an address is 78.1% (IQR 24.9); 56.5% of the sample has an address for at least 75% of their life course. Archivists had 89.7% agreement at the address level. This method matched current residential survey methodology 97.4% on average., Discussion: This novel method demonstrates feasibility, reproducibility, and rigor for historic data collection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that public data tracing methods for brain bank decedent residential history development can be used to better integrate the social exposome with biobank specimens., Highlights: Public data tracing compares favorably to survey-based residential history. Public data tracing is feasible and reproducible between archivists. Archivists achieved 89.7% agreement at the address level. This method identifies residences for nearly 80% of life-years, on average. This novel method enables brain banks to add social characterizations., (© 2024 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)

Mesothelioma is a rare cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. Belgium has a known long history of asbestos production, resulting in one of the highest mesothelioma mortality rates worldwide. While the production of asbestos has stopped completely, the long latency period of mesothelioma, which can fluctuate between 20 and 40 years after exposure, causes incidences still to be frequent. Mesothelioma's long incubation time affects our assessment of its geographical distribution as well. Since patients' residential locations are likely to change a number of times throughout their lives, the location where the patients develop the disease is often far from the location where they were exposed to asbestos. Using the residential history of patients, we propose the use of a convolution multiple membership model (MMM), which includes both a spatial conditional autoregressive and an unstructured random effect. Pancreatic cancer patients are used as a control population, reflecting the population at risk for mesothelioma. Results show the impact of the residential mobility on the geographical risk estimation, as well as the importance of acknowledging the latency period of a disease. A simulation study was conducted to investigate the properties of the convolution MMM. The robustness of the results for the convolution MMM is assessed via a sensitivity analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Residential histories linked to cancer registry data provide new opportunities to examine cancer outcomes by neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). We examined differences in regional stage colon cancer survival estimates comparing models using a single neighborhood SES at diagnosis to models using neighborhood SES from residential histories.Methods: We linked regional stage colon cancers from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry diagnosed from 2006 to 2011 to LexisNexis administrative data to obtain residential histories. We defined neighborhood SES as census tract poverty based on location at diagnosis and across the follow-up period through 31 December 2016 based on residential histories (average, time-weighted average, time-varying). Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated associations between colon cancer and census tract poverty measurements (continuous and categorical), adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, regional substage, and mover status.Results: Sixty-five percent of the sample was nonmovers (one census tract); 35% (movers) changed tract at least once. Cases from tracts with >20% poverty changed residential tracts more often (42%) than cases from tracts with <5% poverty (32%). Hazard ratios (HRs) were generally similar in strength and direction across census tract poverty measurements. In time-varying models, cases in the highest poverty category (>20%) had a 30% higher risk of regional stage colon cancer death than cases in the lowest category (<5%) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.63).Conclusion: Residential changes after regional stage colon cancer diagnosis may be associated with a higher risk of colon cancer death among cases in high-poverty areas. This has important implications for postdiagnostic access to care for treatment and follow-up surveillance. See video abstract: http://links.lww.com/EDE/B705. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential mobility is a dynamic urban process resulting from the ever changing internal and external factors of households’ residential preferences. Factors effecting these preferences are related to households’perception of spatial issues such as the characteristics of a house, accessibility to urban functions and transportation, land values and house prices, neighborhood characteristics, residential satisfaction, and attachment. The effects of these issues vary through the life cycle as well as social, economic, and employment status of a household. As a result of the legal arrangements and state incentives that have helped to develop the construction industry, current housing patterns have shifted in Istanbul since the 2000s’. This study aims to investigate the changing trends in the factors that affected the residential location preferences of Istanbulites from 2006 to 2014. Data was collected through a stratified sampling method from two different surveys in 2006 and 2014. The paper explains the change in the destination choice of residents in the city at the district level and furthermore, changes in the households’ intention to move to one of the three different housing patterns which are common in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral to the geographic discipline are cross-cultural analyses, many of which use languages outside of the researcher's own. There are few analyses, however, that address issues of translation that are inherently geographic; namely, that language is understood as a manifestation of place and culture. This article argues that the results of environmental interviews must be interpreted through a lens that evaluates how the translation of a word, or even a concept, is understood differentially based on one's sense of place. Interviews were conducted in three of the Etsha villages situated in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, comparing perceptions of changes in both the local area and the flooding regime. Findings show qualitatively and quantitatively how residents perceive environmental change in light of their residential histories and their production of place. These results highlight that environmental change in an area is perceived in the context of previous residences, including the length of time spent in residence and the environmental characterization of that place. The process of interviewing regarding such change, especially when translation is necessary, should therefore proceed by incorporating inquiries about previous residences and the environments of those areas to correctly contextualize environmental change in a particular area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure misclassification based solely on the address at cancer diagnosis has been widely recognized though not commonly assessed., Methods: We linked 1,015 mesothelioma cases diagnosed during 2011-2015 from the New York State Cancer Registry to inpatient claims and LexisNexis administrative data and constructed residential histories. Percentile ranking of exposure to ambient air toxics and socioeconomic status (SES) were based on the National Air Toxic Assessment and United States Census data, respectively. To facilitate comparisons over time, relative exposures (REs) were calculated by dividing the percentile ranking at individual census tract by the state-level average and subtracting one. We used generalized linear regression models to compare the RE in the past with that at cancer diagnosis, adjusting for patient-level characteristics., Results: Approximately 43.7% of patients had residential information available for up to 30 years, and 96.0% up to 5 years. The median number of unique places lived was 4 [interquartile range (IQR), 2-6]. The time-weighted-average RE from all addresses available had a median of -0.11 (IQR, -0.50 to 0.30) for air toxics and -0.28 (IQR, -0.65 to 0.25) for SES. RE associated with air toxics (but not SES) was significantly higher for earlier addresses than addresses at cancer diagnosis for the 5-year [annual increase =1.24%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-1.77%; n=974] and 30-year (annual increase =0.36%; 95% CI: 0.25-0.48%; n=444) look-back windows, respectively., Conclusions: Environmental exposure to non-asbestos air toxics among mesothelioma patients may be underestimated if based solely on the address at diagnosis. With geospatial data becoming more readily available, incorporating cancer patients' residential history would lead to reduced exposure misclassification and accurate health risk estimates., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jtd-23-533/coif). All authors report that this work was supported in part by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (1R21CA235153). F.F.L. reports that the NYS Cancer Registry was supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries through cooperative agreement 6NU58DP006309 awarded to the New York State Department of Health and by Contract 75N91018D00005 (Task Order 75N91018F00001) from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.)

When evaluating environmental exposures, residential exposures are often most relevant. In most countries, it is impossible to establish full residential histories. In recent publications, childhood leukaemia and background radiation have been studied with and without full residential histories. This paper investigates the consequences of lacking such full data. Data from a nationwide Finnish Case-Control study of Childhood Leukaemia and gamma rays were analysed. This included 1093 children diagnosed with leukaemia in Finland in 1990–2011. Each case was matched by gender and year of birth to three controls. Full residential histories were available. The dose estimates were based on outdoor background radiation measurements. The indoor dose rates were obtained with a dwelling type specific conversion coefficient and the individual time-weighted mean red bone marrow dose rates were calculated using age-specific indoor occupancy and the age and gender of the child. Radiation from Chernobyl fallout was included and a 2-year latency period assumed. The median separation between successive dwellings was 3.4 km and median difference in red bone marrow dose 2.9 nSv/h. The Pearson correlation between the indoor red bone marrow dose rates of successive dwellings was 0.62 (95% CI 0.60, 0.64). The odds ratio for a 10 nSv/h increase in dose rate with full residential histories was 1.01 (95% CI 0.97, 1.05). Similar odds ratios were calculated with dose rates based on only the first dwelling (1.02, 95% CI 0.99, 1.05) and only the last dwelling (1.00, 95% CI 0.98, 1.03) and for subjects who had lived only in a single dwelling (1.05, 95% CI 0.98, 1.10). Knowledge of full residential histories would always be the option of choice. However, due to the strong correlation between exposure estimates in successive dwellings and the uncertainty about the most relevant exposure period, estimation of overall exposure level from a single address is also informative. Error in dose estimation is likely to cause some degree of classical measurement error resulting in bias towards the null. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonresident African American (AA) fathers sometimes face challenges to achieving satisfaction with their parenting skills, which may inhibit their motivations for parenting. Studies have found that residential history of fathers is associated with parental involvement; however, current fatherhood programs rarely consider the influence of different residential history on fathering. In the current study, we examined whether nonresident AA fathers' residential history with their sons moderated their parenting skills satisfaction after participating in the Fathers and Sons Program. Our results indicated that after controlling for fathers' pretest parenting skills satisfaction, age, education, marital status, employment, and ever lived with their son's mother; there was a moderating effect of residential history on the intervention's effects on posttest parenting skills satisfaction. The regression analyses showed that fathers in the intervention group who had lived with their son increased their parenting skills satisfaction more at posttest compared with fathers who had never lived with their sons. However, fathers in the comparison group who had lived with their sons had lower posttest parenting skills satisfaction. Future fatherhood programs for nonresident AA fathers should develop more nuanced group-specific interventions that consider residential history as a critical factor to enhance their parenting skills satisfaction as a strategy for improving father involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have identified associations between neighborhood deprivation and disease, emphasizing the importance of social determinants of health. However, when studying diseases with long latency periods such as cancers, considering the timing of exposures for deprivation becomes more important. In this study, we estimated the associations between neighborhood deprivation indices at several time points and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a population-based case-control study at four study centers – Detroit, Iowa, Los Angeles County, and Seattle (1998–2000). We used the Bayesian index regression model and residential histories to estimate neighborhood deprivation index effects in crude models and adjusted for four chemical mixtures measured in house dust and individual-level covariates. We found that neighborhood deprivation in 1980, approximately twenty years before study entry, provided better model fit than did neighborhood deprivation at 1990 and 2000. We identified several statistically significant associations between neighborhood deprivation in 1980 and NHL risk in Iowa and among long-term (20+ years) residents of Detroit. The most important variables in these indices were median gross rent as a percentage of household income in Iowa and percent of single-parent households with at least one child and median household income in Detroit. Associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for individual-level covariates and chemical mixtures, providing evidence for historic neighborhood deprivation as a risk factor for NHL and motivating future research to uncover the specific carcinogens driving these associations in deprived areas. • Considering historic exposures is necessary for diseases with long latencies. • We modeled associations of historic neighborhood deprivation & non-Hodgkin lymphoma. • Such historic deprivation was significantly associated with NHL in Iowa and Detroit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Environmental exposure assessment based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and study participants' residential proximity to environmental exposure sources relies on the positional accuracy of subjects' residences to avoid misclassification bias. Our study compared the positional accuracy of two automatic geocoding methods to a manual reference method.Methods: We geocoded 4,247 address records representing the residential history (1990-2008) of 1,685 women from the French national E3N cohort living in the Rhône-Alpes region. We compared two automatic geocoding methods, a free-online geocoding service (method A) and an in-house geocoder (method B), to a reference layer created by manually relocating addresses from method A (method R). For each automatic geocoding method, positional accuracy levels were compared according to the urban/rural status of addresses and time-periods (1990-2000, 2001-2008), using Chi Square tests. Kappa statistics were performed to assess agreement of positional accuracy of both methods A and B with the reference method, overall, by time-periods and by urban/rural status of addresses.Results: Respectively 81.4% and 84.4% of addresses were geocoded to the exact address (65.1% and 61.4%) or to the street segment (16.3% and 23.0%) with methods A and B. In the reference layer, geocoding accuracy was higher in urban areas compared to rural areas (74.4% vs. 10.5% addresses geocoded to the address or interpolated address level, p < 0.0001); no difference was observed according to the period of residence. Compared to the reference method, median positional errors were 0.0 m (IQR = 0.0-37.2 m) and 26.5 m (8.0-134.8 m), with positional errors <100 m for 82.5% and 71.3% of addresses, for method A and method B respectively. Positional agreement of method A and method B with method R was 'substantial' for both methods, with kappa coefficients of 0.60 and 0.61 for methods A and B, respectively.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of geocoding residential addresses in epidemiological studies not initially recorded for environmental exposure assessment, for both recent addresses and residence locations more than 20 years ago. Accuracy of the two automatic geocoding methods was comparable. The in-house method (B) allowed a better control of the geocoding process and was less time consuming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale environmental epidemiologic studies often rely on exposure estimates based on linkage to residential addresses. This approach, however, is limited by the lack of residential histories typically available for study participants. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using address data from LexisNexis (a division of RELX, Inc., Dayton, Ohio), a commercially available credit reporting company, to construct residential histories for participants in the California Teachers Study (CTS), a prospective cohort study initiated in 1995-1996 to study breast cancer (n = 133,479). We evaluated the degree to which LexisNexis could provide retrospective addresses prior to study enrollment, as well as the concordance with existing prospective CTS addresses ascertained at the time of the completion of 4 self-administered questionnaires. For approximately 80% of CTS participants, LexisNexis provided at least 1 retrospective address, including nearly 25,000 addresses completely encompassed by time periods prior to enrollment. This approach more than doubled the proportion of the study population for whom we had an address of residence during the childbearing years--an important window of susceptibility for breast cancer risk. While overall concordance between the prospective addresses contained in these 2 data sources was good (85%), it was diminished among black women and women under the age of 40 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand notion of wandering, of everyday life on the streets and in the charitable environments, to understand what « home » and « to be homeless » mean, in a collective accommodation, in council housing, or in a lodging house, requires the mobilization of a methodological anthology. « Space » is here considered as a transitional object to allow the interviewed person to speak about him or herself. The discussion is facilitated by the reconstitution of the residential history through graphic descriptions or photos of living quarters or during the urban pathways documentary. This study approach enlightens the processes and various actors involved in homeless and poor housing situations. These methods also contribute to questioning the posture, the implication, the legitimacy and the limitations of the sociologist in his practice.

The relationship between isotopic signals in human hair and geographic region has potential forensic applications for identifying unknown individuals' place of recent residence. This study analyzes δ2H and δ18O isotopes in residential tap water and bulk hair samples from 17 volunteers representing 12 locations in Ontario, Canada. There is a strong correlation ( R2 = 0.9) between δ2H and δ18O values of the water samples. In contrast, the δ2H and δ18O values of the hair samples are weakly correlated ( R2 = 0.3), and the greater variability in the data is linked to dietary factors. This study demonstrates that the δ2H and δ18O values of hair and drinking water can be used to help identify potential place of residence in forensic cases, particularly in relation to proximity to large bodies of water such as the Great Lakes, but interpretations are complicated by the contribution of both water and diet to δ2H and δ18O values in hair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) has been linked to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, PM 2.5 is a complex mixture with large spatiotemporal heterogeneities, and women with early-onset GDM (i.e., diagnosed before 24th gestation week) have distinct maternal characteristics and a higher risk of worse health outcomes compared with those with late-onset GDM (i.e., diagnosed in or after 24th gestation week). We aimed to examine differential impacts of PM 2.5 and its constituents on early-vs. late-onset GDM, and to identify corresponding susceptible exposure windows. We leveraged statewide linked electronic health records and birth records data in Florida in 2012–2017. Exposures to PM 2.5 and its constituents (i.e., sulfate [SO 4 2−], ammonium [NH 4 +], nitrate [NO 3 −], organic matter [OM], black carbon [BC], mineral dust [DUST], and sea-salt [SS]) were spatiotemporally linked to pregnant women based on their residential histories. Cox proportional hazards models and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine the associations of PM 2.5 and its constituents with GDM and its onsets. Distributed non-linear lag models were implemented to identify susceptible exposure windows. Exposures to PM 2.5 , SO 4 2−, NH 4 +, and BC were statistically significantly associated with higher hazards of GDM. Exposures to PM 2.5 during weeks 1–12 of gestation were positively associated with GDM. Associations of early-onset GDM with PM 2.5 in the 1st and 2nd trimesters, SO 4 2− in the 1st and 2nd trimesters, and NO 3 − in the preconception and 1st trimester were considerably stronger than observations for late-onset GDM. Our findings suggest there are differential associations of PM 2.5 and its constituents with early-vs. late-onset GDM, with different susceptible exposure windows. This study helps better understand the impacts of air pollution on GDM accounting for its physiological heterogeneity. [Display omitted] • Associations of PM 2.5 components with GDM onset were examined. • Differential associations with early-vs. late-onset GDM were found. • Susceptible exposure windows are different for early-vs. late-onset GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Early state formation on the Andean coast resulted in the creation of monumental, densely populated urban centers. The prehispanic Peruvian site of Huacas de Moche (∼A.D. 100–850) was one of the largest sites that developed during the Early Intermediate Period, and we examine its urban population dynamics and community interaction here. We use phosphate oxygen isotope compositions (δ 18Op) of tooth enamel (formed during childhood) and bone (continuously remodeled during life) to reconstruct the residential histories of 34 Moche individuals interred in urban tomb and sacrificial contexts at this site. These data are also used to explore the highly debated origin of Moche sacrifices and discuss the shift in victims' geographic origins over time. Local baseline water sources (δ 18Ow) were used to interpret the human δ 18Op values. Females from urban residential compound and platform mound tombs have more variable δ 18Op values than males, which suggest a patrilocal residence pattern. Males from the same elite contexts have δ 18Op values that reflect local water compositions, demonstrating lifetime residential stability and therefore a local elite. An earlier sacrificial group (Plaza 3C) appears to consist mostly of local individuals, but the greater inclusion of non-local individuals in a later sacrificial group (Plaza 3A) reflects more variability in origins of victims during later Moche state development. While the nature of Moche socio-political structure remains contentious, these data suggest a high degree of population mobility among distant Moche centers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program is continuously exploring opportunities to augment its already extensive collection of data, enhance the quality of reported cancer information, and contribute to more comprehensive analyses of cancer burden. This manuscript describes a recent linkage of the LexisNexis longitudinal residential history data with 11 SEER registries and provides estimates of the inter-state mobility of SEER cancer patients. To identify mobility from one state to another, we used state postal abbreviations to generate state-level residential histories. From this, we determined how often cancer patients moved from state-to-state. The results in this paper provide information on the linkage with LexisNexis data and useful information on state-to-state residential mobility patterns of a large portion of US cancer patients for the most recent 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year periods. We show that mobility patterns vary by geographic area, race/ethnicity and age, and cancer patients tend to move less than the general population., (© 2022 National Cancer Registrars Association.)

Many offenders offend near their home. But what about their former homes? Extending crime pattern theory, and combining data on police recorded robberies with data on the residential histories of the robbers and with a database of postal code areas, we demonstrate that offenders are more likely to commit commercial robberies in their former residential areas than in otherwise similar areas they have never lived in. To investigate the role of the residential history in greater detail, we assess whether duration and recency of past and current residence differentially affect the choice of target areas. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings and make recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many offenses take place close to where the offender lives. Anecdotal evidence suggests that offenders also might commit crimes near their former homes. Building on crime pattern theory and combining information from police records and other sources, this study confirms that offenders who commit robberies, residential burglaries, thefts from vehicles, and assaults are more likely to target their current and former residential areas than similar areas they never lived in. In support of the argument that spatial awareness mediates the effects of past and current residence, it also is shown that areas of past and present residence are more likely to be targeted if the offender lived in the area for a long time instead of briefly and if the offender has moved away from the area only recently rather than a long time ago. The theoretical implications of these findings and their use for investigative purposes are discussed, and suggestions for future inquiry are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]