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In a 2016 bill, the Swedish government tasked state-governed research councils with incorporating sex and gender perspectives (SGP) into their assessment of research quality. The present article examines the response to the bill and subsequent measures in Swedish public debate from 2016–2021, as well as justifications for such measures in preceding policy documents. The analysis focuses on how different arguments in the debate articulate the relationship between research, politics, and quality and how these articulations can be analysed with the help of theoretical perspectives on the contemporary production of knowledge as well as previous scholarly work on gender mainstreaming. The article demonstrates that most critics describe politics, research, and quality as incompatible. The defenders argue for the implementation of SGP by invoking either a quality perspective and/or an equality perspective. While some actors argue that SGP is of significance only when it enhances quality, others point to the political value of the criteria, adhering to a post-academic emphasis on the societal value of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHigher education institutions dominate research productivity in many parts of the world. Nonetheless, many academics in developing countries—including Tanzania—perform poorly in research. This study aims to qualitatively explore the barriers to research productivity in Tanzanian public higher education institutions. Using semi-structured interviews with thirty university leaders, regulatory agency officials, and academics from Tanzania’s four largest public institutions and reviewing official documents on higher education, the study found that institutional and individual factors hinder academic research productivity. Institutional barriers include inadequate research funding, heavy workloads, weak collaboration, fragmented research policies, a lack of researchers with impeccable credentials, weak databases, weak mentorship, and informal rewards and incentives. Individual barriers included limited research expertise and interest. Overcoming these challenges requires strategic inter- and intra-institutional collaboration. It also requires capacity-building, instituted mentorship for young researchers, redesigned incentive and rewards programs, improved funding, policy harmonization, and strengthened institutional and national research repositories.

From an understanding of knowledge mobilisation as a set of strategies that favour responsible and inclusive research, the aim of this paper is to identify the obstacles or barriers to carrying out such research in higher education institutions, as perceived by researchers. In this descriptive study, content analysis is used to examine semi-structured interviews carried out with eighty research groups from five European countries (Austria, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Spain) that participated in the research. Results reveal the main barriers researchers perceived are associated with social commitment, relational aspects, encouragement to participate (attitudinal, organisational and institutional barriers) and knowledge mobilisation practices (derived from the research process and research evaluation policies). Ethical and policy implications for more responsible and inclusive research are drawn in the conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite proven scientific quality of menstrual blood mesenchymal cells, research and science output using those cells is still incipient, which suggests there is a resistance to the study of this type of cell by scientists, and a lack of attention to its potential for cell therapy, regenerative medicine and bioengineering. This study analyzes the literature about the menstrual blood mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (mbMSC) on the PubMed database between 2008–2020 and the social attention it received on Twitter. A comparative analysis showed that mbMSC accounts for a very small portion of mesenchymal cell research (0.25%). Most first authors are women (53.2%), whereas most last authors are men (63.74%), reinforcing an already known, and still significant, gender gap between last and corresponding authors. Menstrual blood tends to be less used in experiments and its scientific value tends to be underestimated, which brings gender bias to a technical and molecular level. Although women are more positive in the mbMSC debate on Twitter, communication efforts toward visibility and public interest in menstrual cells has room to grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite proven scientific quality of menstrual blood mesenchymal cells, research and science output using those cells is still incipient, which suggests there is a resistance to the study of this type of cell by scientists, and a lack of attention to its potential for cell therapy, regenerative medicine and bioengineering. This study analyzes the literature about the menstrual blood mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (mbMSC) on the PubMed database between 2008–2020 and the social attention it received on Twitter. A comparative analysis showed that mbMSC accounts for a very small portion of mesenchymal cell research (0.25%). Most first authors are women (53.2%), whereas most last authors are men (63.74%), reinforcing an already known, and still significant, gender gap between last and corresponding authors. Menstrual blood tends to be less used in experiments and its scientific value tends to be underestimated, which brings gender bias to a technical and molecular level. Although women are more positive in the mbMSC debate on Twitter, communication efforts toward visibility and public interest in menstrual cells has room to grow.

The main goal of this paper is to adequately understand the shifts produced after 1945 in Folklore Studies (Ethnology) in terms of research topics, methodologies, approaches, and scientific policies, in connection with the new political and ideological context. In particular it aims at discussing how, why and to what extent the Cluj Folklore Archive could be defined as a cultural institution playing an important role at the regional level whilst contributing to a correct socio-cultural understanding of Transylvania in relation to the other Romanian provinces. Content analysis will be the main methodology used, whereas the intricate connections and relationships among archives, memory, and territorial and cultural identities shown in the sources will support the process of understanding, deepening, and widening the researched topic.

A strategy in this paper was viewed as a plan of action for achieving the mission and vision of an organisation. This paper presents preliminary findings of the larger study which aimed to determine the strategies for research data management (RDM) at selected universities in KwaZulu-Natal. The current study used the community capability maturity model framework (CCMF) and the digital curation centre (DCC) lifecycle model as theoretical support to determine the strategies for RDM service provision with specific reference to the University of Zululand. The interpretive paradigm, following the qualitative research approach through a single case study, was used. Primary data was gathered through online interviews using Zoom and Teams with Librarians, Technicians, HODs, and DVC Research due to the Covid-19 pandemic and availability of technologies. The findings of the study revealed the University of Zululand does not have an RDM policy; however, research activities are practiced. The University lacks the infrastructure and investment to support RDM services and activities. The study is significant for providing the background for developing RDM in the public university through RDM strategy and policy. The findings also sought to inform the university's RDM agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been a contested dimension of Chilean social work. An important turn occurred in 2008 when Chilean national research policies—highly influenced by managerialist approaches—increased opportunities for social workers to conduct research. Several efforts have been made by academics and professional social work organisations to encourage research as a means of gaining recognition as a discipline. Drawing upon a thematic literature review from a Chilean-based study on social workers' research trajectories, this article contends that, despite the value of such efforts, there are some tensions related to the acritical adoption of such a managerialist approach on social work research that need further attention: (i) research does not have the same value for all social work sectors; (ii) social work research is mainly understood as 'academic' research; and (iii) social workers' research does not necessarily have a 'social work focus'. These findings are discussed in light of the historical background of Chilean social work and the insights provided by the international literature, from which we conclude that the creation of more inclusive and collaborative ways of conducting research is an urgent challenge. Findings are context-specific, yet, offer considerations for social work research seeking to counteract managerial approaches of knowledge production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The progress of electronic health technologies and biobanks holds enormous promise for efficient research. Evidence shows that studies based on sharing and secondary use of data/samples have the potential to significantly advance medical knowledge. However, sharing of such resources for international collaboration is hampered by the lack of clarity about ethical and legal requirements for transfer of data and samples across international borders. Main text Here, the International Clinical Trial Center Network (ICN) reports the legal and ethical requirements governing data and sample exchange (DSE) across four continents. The most recurring requirement is ethical approval, whereas only in specific conditions approval of national health authorities is required. Informed consent is not required in all sharing situations. However, waiver of informed consent is only allowed in certain countries/regions and under certain circumstances. The current legal and ethical landscape appears to be very complex and under constant evolution. Regulations differ between countries/regions and are often incomplete, leading to uncertainty. Conclusion With this work, ICN illuminates the unmet need for a single international collaborative framework to facilitate DSE. Harmonising requirements for global DSE will reduce inefficiency and waste in research. There are many challenges to realising this ambitious vision, including inconsistent terminology and definitions, and heterogeneous and dynamic legal constraints. Here, we identify areas of agreement and significant difference as a necessary first step towards facilitating international collaboration. We propose the establishment of a working group to continue the comparison across jurisdictions, create a standardised glossary and define a set of basic principles and fundamental requirements for DSE.

This paper presents a synthesis of the most significant paths and problems of research in Italy, in the second half of the twentieth Century, seen through an autobiographical testimony. We speak of internal changes, due to the evolution of methodologies: the renewal of tools and methods, after the autarchic parenthesis of the first half of the Century; the intrusion of information technology into the organization and analysis of linguistic data; the openness to the problems of a rapidly changing society, with the sociolinguistic approach; the contrasts and mediations between structuralism and historicism. But we also speak, at the same time, of the brakes and conditioning to research by external factors, mainly attributable to a strong management of power and the consequent downsizing of the role of free research, accompanied by the deleterious subordination of research to logic of the market. Finally, the autobiographical perspective highlights the central role of Tullio De Mauro in the renewal of linguistics studies in Italy and in the stubborn persistence of a democratic and inclusive vision even in times of democratic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates science dissemination practices on the Internet across the disciplinary spectrum and maps out the mono-/multilingual uptake of those practices. Results show that the production of traditional genres for expert-to-expert communication is mainly English-only, coerced by research policies and 'genre regimes' privileging publications in ISI-indexed journals, the majority of them English medium. New digital genres and generic innovations have little impact on the researchers' communication practices and are only associated with some discipline and language groupings. When it comes to communicating science to lay audiences, multilingual practices and the deployment of some digital genres, modes and media become prevalent. • Multilingual science communication online is complex and multifaceted. • Findings reaffirm the constitution of an English language empire. • Significant interest in open science, academic social networking sites and blogging. • Genre evolution is constrained by ideologies, policies and individual interests. • Plurilingual digital genres may make science accessible and participatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the ways early career investigators from 32 countries frame the notion of ‘research impact’ in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (SSH) reveal some obvious commonalities. There is a convergent tendency to describe impact as an object of great concern that operates mostly through communication, while avoiding any absolute definition of the notion. Respondents associate impact to the concept of accountability and share the perception that impact does not currently belong to the dominant academic culture. Differentiations and even divergences in framing appear though in regard to the cognitive or social nature of impact as well as in the extent to which respondents associate the processes of conducting scientific research with or dissociate them from the creation of social impact. As such, five common argumentative frames of impact and six differentiated or divergent ones are brought to light. While commonalities can be related to shared socio-professional circumstances, the observed differentiations and divergences in framing are linked to the diversity of disciplinary, national and institutional contexts within which scholars are trained and conduct their research. Because of the coexistence of commonalities, differentiations, and divergences in early career investigators’ framing of impact, it is argued that research impact in the SSH is best conceptualized as a ‘boundary object’ (Star and Griesemer, 1989). We conclude that attempts to frame impact within a narrower perspective – whether in scholarly discourse or policy making – would finally reduce the diversity of contextualized opportunities for SSH scholars to engage in any valuable creation of impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban research, the analysis of actors and manufacturing processes in the city has an intermittent presence and visibility. After the wave of Marxist-inspired works on the production of the capitalist city, circumscribed in the 1970s, then the conjunction in the 1990s of the incentive policies of the Plan Urbanisme Construction et Architecture and of a developing world of architectural and urbanistic research, especially because of the questions raised by the neo-liberal urban policies, it was possible to predict the disappearance of this field. The article brings together the indications of a recent reopening of the scientific field of the city's manufacturing, largely based on partnership research, under the dual aspect of an instrumental command, - on energy and environmental issues, for example - and procedural control, on participatory approaches, in particular.

Background: The progress of electronic health technologies and biobanks holds enormous promise for efficient research. Evidence shows that studies based on sharing and secondary use of data/samples have the potential to significantly advance medical knowledge. However, sharing of such resources for international collaboration is hampered by the lack of clarity about ethical and legal requirements for transfer of data and samples across international borders.Main Text: Here, the International Clinical Trial Center Network (ICN) reports the legal and ethical requirements governing data and sample exchange (DSE) across four continents. The most recurring requirement is ethical approval, whereas only in specific conditions approval of national health authorities is required. Informed consent is not required in all sharing situations. However, waiver of informed consent is only allowed in certain countries/regions and under certain circumstances. The current legal and ethical landscape appears to be very complex and under constant evolution. Regulations differ between countries/regions and are often incomplete, leading to uncertainty.Conclusion: With this work, ICN illuminates the unmet need for a single international collaborative framework to facilitate DSE. Harmonising requirements for global DSE will reduce inefficiency and waste in research. There are many challenges to realising this ambitious vision, including inconsistent terminology and definitions, and heterogeneous and dynamic legal constraints. Here, we identify areas of agreement and significant difference as a necessary first step towards facilitating international collaboration. We propose the establishment of a working group to continue the comparison across jurisdictions, create a standardised glossary and define a set of basic principles and fundamental requirements for DSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legislation mandates addressing accessibility issues in educational practices to foster equal access for all students and faculty. Educational practices include research. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) can contribute to equality in higher education by requiring equal opportunity for persons with different abilities to participate in or conduct research, an area overlooked by IRBs. We contend this is a legal and ethical responsibility under IRBs' protection from harm requirement as well as laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). A keyword search of the 55 original land grant universities in the United States' IRB policies and related documents produced no evidence of accessibility concerns for general research participant pools or researchers. Recommendations to correct this oversight and areas for further study are included.

Agroecology results from interactions at the boundaries of sciences, practices and politics in France and Brazil. Taking a discursive approach, we analyze the way in which two public agricultural research institutions, Embrapa (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) and Inra (Institut national de la recherche agronomique) delineate these boundaries in the course of their agroecology agenda-setting. We show that their programming exercises are more or less dependent on national political contexts. This generates differing dynamics and framings of the notion of agroecology. Ahead of Inra, Embrapa, encouraged by the Lula government and rural social movements, integrated agroecology to legitimize an alternative research agenda dedicated to family farmers. This agenda suffers from the constraints of a divided and increasingly stormy agricultural and political context. Within Inra, agroecology helps (re)legitimize agronomy to respond to societal challenges, while rejecting the political radicalism of social movements. Since 2012 this research agenda has found an echo in the implementation of French agroecological public policy. Moreover, an analysis of internal debates in Inra reveals different framings of agroecology and some tensions regarding the boundary nature of agroecology. The debates revolve around the scientificity of agroecology and its capacity to become, or not, a ferment for social justice. Through this approach we shed light on the way agroecology is unsettling Inra's strategy and that of Embrapa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Latin America embodies countries of special interest for ecological studies, given that areas with great value for biodiversity are located within their territories. This highlights the importance of an evaluation of ecological research in the Latin America region. We assessed the scientific participation of Latin American researchers in ecological journals, patterns of international collaboration, and defined the main characteristics of the articles. Although Latin American publications have increased in fourteen years, they accounted up to 9% of publications in Ecology. Brazil leaded the scientific production in Latin America, followed by Argentina and Mexico. In general, Latin American articles represented a low percentage of most journals total publication, with particularly low expression in high impact-factor journals. A half of the Latin American publications had international collaboration. Articles with more than five authors and with international collaboration were the most cited. Descriptive studies, mainly based in old theories, are still majority, suggesting that Ecology is in a developing stage in Latin America.

Throughout the 20th century, bioeconomy has been theorized from different perspectives in various academic fields: studies of population dynamics in biology, modelling for natural resource management, approach to economy through an entropy-based perspective such as Georgescu-Roegen’s. In the early 2000’s the bioeconomy was promoted as an institutional motto by the OECD, the aim being to develop the economy of biotechnologies. It was then taken up by the European Commission, which made it its flagship for the promotion of sustainable development through an industrial use of biomass as a renewable resource substituting biotechnologies for fossil fuel. Bioeconomy entered the EU agenda through innovation and research policies, whose definition and orientations have been largely influenced by industrial actors under the leadership of biotechnology and chemistry firms. Given its potential impact on the future of agriculture regarding research priorities and norms, the emergence of the bioeconomy triggers serious tensions between research and agricultural policy actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic policies represent a guideline that governs decision-making for addressing problems and pressing issues in education, research, community service, and managing social dialogue, in order to achieve general interest. The policy is mainly based on the philosophy of the institution, which constitutes the principles and the general directions governing its path and achieve a sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of academic policies (education, training, and research) of the Police Academy on security and sustainable development. A questionnaire was used to collect data from faculty and students at the Police Academy in Abu Dhabi. One hundred eighty-eight instructors and students were the respondents of the study. The study revealed a number of findings most importantly: - The respondents’ perceptions of the level of education, training, and research policies were moderate, while the respondents’ perceptions of the level of security and sustainable development were high. - There is a statistically significant influence of education policies on security and sustainable development at the level of significance (0.05). - There is a statistically significant influence of research policies on security and sustainable development at the level of significance (0.05). - There is no statistically significant influence of training policies on security and sustainable development at the level of significance (0.05). - There were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) in the respondents’ perceptions of the level of security and sustainable development, education, training, and research policies attributed to the role that the respondents play at the Police Academy; The students’ perceptions level of security and sustainable development, education, training, and research policies was higher than the perceptions level of faculty. Based on the reached results, a set of recommendations was proposed to enhance the role of education and research policies in security and sustainable development, and to build a link between training policies from one side, and security and sustainable development from another side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research policies ensuing from the Convention on Biological Diversity made huge funds available to study biodiversity. These were mostly dedicated to projects aimed at providing services to taxonomy via information and technology, or to develop “modern”, i.e., molecular, approaches to taxonomy. Traditional taxonomy was overly neglected and is in serious distress all over the world. It is argued that both novel and traditional ways to study biodiversity are essential and that the demise of traditional taxonomy (based on phenotypes) in the era of biodiversity is the result of an unwise policy, mainly fostered by portions of the scientific community that aim at taking total advantage of the funds dedicated to the study of biodiversity.

The economic crisis of recent years provides an extremely valuable context for the study of the effective role which R&D policies have had for governments, both as a potential tool for exiting from the crisis and as an object of fiscal consolidation. The discourse of governments and international organizations often connect actions to cope with the crisis with reforms and changes in many areas, such as R&D. However, in practice overarching fiscal consolidation policies could be damaging opportunities to establish government strategies to reform and improve the efficiency of the sector. This paper analyses the impact of the crisis on Spanish R&D budgets and on a public research system characterised by low organizational autonomy and limited strategic capacity. We argue that the fiscal consolidation measures adopted have reduced the capacity of governments to direct the public R&D system. Budget cuts, together with regulations emphasizing administrative controls, have reduced the government's capacity to define spending priorities, limited the ability of research organizations to adapt to the new situation and increased the levels of uncertainty within the system and reduced trust among actors. When the policy dilemma between control and reform is resolved in favour of the former, it is likely that public research organizations will lose autonomy as a collateral effect of the crisis. We argue that the Spanish public sector research system is poorly equipped to resist the crisis and adapt to an environment of shrinking resources. In this sense, the lesson to be learned may be that organizational attributes are apparently critical in the long term and that autonomy should not be undermined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo analisa o impacto que as políticas públicas australianas para a educação superior tiveram sobre a pesquisa e a produção de conhecimento nas universidades desse país. A tendência política desses últimos anos levou a educação superior à competição de mercado, à diversificação dos orçamentos e à mercadorização do conhecimento. Isso provocou uma redefinição do valor da pesquisa universitária em termos comerciais e desvalorizou as pesquisas de algumas áreas tradicionais. Este artigo argumenta que, embora o fato de a educação superior ter se adaptado ao mercado tenha tido aspectos positivos, a política do governo, ideologicamente comprometido com a privatização quase completa do setor da educação superior pública, não é do interesse da nação no longo prazo.This paper examines the impact of national higher education policy on research and knowledge production in Australian universities. The policy trend in recent years has been towards market competition, budget diversification and commodification of knowledge. This has helped re-define the value of university research in commercial terms and devalued research in some traditional areas. The paper argues that while there have been positive aspects to the market coordination of higher education, government policy that is ideologically committed to the near total privatisation of a public higher education sector is not in the long-term interests of the nation.

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In accordance with the most recent management mandate, ISTeA (Italian Society of Science, Technology and engineering of Architecture) has devoted its efforts to outlining those topics which are of fundamental importance for the activity of its stakeholders, in line with the road maps of national and Community funding programmes and with the strategic objectives of (Industrial) Research which range from the energy-environmental performance of buildings and districts to automation in construction within the context of Smart Cities and Social Innovation. These research programmes need to be planned and negotiated with industrial stakeholders and carried out in partnership with them. This explains why the 2011 ISTeA Conference produced a number of position papers, the 2012 Conference traced the state of the art in the topics identified and the 2013 Conferencedeals with the non-instrumental relationship between Building Production and ICT.

The opening of national research programs has gained importance as a means for increasing international collaboration and for improving the quality and efficiency of scientific research at the national, European, and international levels. The concept of opening refers to the fact that actors who do not belong to a national research space can participate in research funding programs. This complex and multidimensional phenomenon can be operationalized through different measures: the participation of foreign partners in domestic research activities with or without funding, the portability of grants when moving abroad, and agreements for international collaboration (with or without complementary funding). This underlines the importance of having descriptors and indicators, which could provide evidence of different patterns of opening and contrasting perspectives on policy motivations and goals behind opening decisions. The article presents the descriptors and indicators used for exploring opening patterns and logics, which characterize the main project funding instruments in three countries (Switzerland, France, and Italy) on the basis of data collected within the JOREP1 project. Preliminary evidence emerging from the three countries surveyed are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In accordance with the most recent management mandate, ISTeA (Italian Society of Science, Technology and engineering of Architecture) has devoted its efforts to outlining those topics which are of fundamental importance for the activity of its stakeholders, in line with the road maps of national and Community funding programmes and with the strategic objectives of (Industrial) Research which range from the energy-environmental performance of buildings and districts to automation in construction within the context of Smart Cities and Social Innovation. These research programmes need to be planned and negotiated with industrial stakeholders and carried out in partnership with them. This explains why the 2011 ISTeA Conference produced a number of position papers, the 2012 Conference traced the state of the art in the topics identified and the 2013 Conferencedeals with the non-instrumental relationship between Building Production and ICT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently there have been pleas for STS to make a difference in how science policies are constructed and enacted. Much less remarked upon is the possibility that there may be troubling alignments between science studies and research policies in the form of shared conceptual, epistemological and methodological assumptions. Both have come to emphasise material outputs and visible activity, obscuring other processes, relationships and orderings involved in science work. This collection of papers focuses on these connections between STS and contemporary research policies. They explore empirical material from ‘other epistemic places' (disciplinary, geo-political and spatial) to foreground and critique what is privileged and rewarded by science policies. But they also seek to make a theoretical contribution to STS itself, showing how its early focus on the hard centres of global technoscience have been constitutive of its characteristic concerns, epistemologies -and blind spots. As science studies moves out of the lab andbeyond the heartlands of the political West and global North, we argue that acknowledging some problematic affinities between science studies and science policy is both a critical necessity and an opportunity for new insights. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Redes is the property of Redes-Revista Hispana para el Analisis de Redes Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is a discussion of efforts to manage real and potential conflicts of interest in university research in the United States. The focus is on the report by an Association of American Universities (AAU) task force that addresses both individual and institutional conflict of interest issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]