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Conventional interpretations of Federalist #10 reduce the argument to a merely procedural cure for the mischief of factions, neglecting the substantive goal of Madison’s teachingâ€"to craft a political culture in which interests are less inclined to vex and oppose one another and more inclined to cooperate for the common good. This paper will demonstrate that Federalist #10 is more instructive. Madison notes that “different circumstances of civil society” serve to shape people’s passions which in turn prompts us either to follow or resist the natural “propensity of mankind to fall into mutual animosities” Thus, the cure for factions rests as much on shaping passions at the level of civil society as it does on filtering them through representative institutions. It is incorrect to equate Madison’s call for a diversity of interests with simply increasing the number or quantity of voices involved in the political arena. This focuses too narrowly on the procedural aspect of Madison’s argument. A greater number of voices is necessary, but not sufficient because it neglects the equal need for a certain quality or character attached to the diverse interests. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]