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Three isomers of chloro-3-(2-pyridin-3-ylvinyl)-1H-indole were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (hTDO). The crystal structures of two of them were solved by X-ray diffraction. The solubility of the molecules also was determined experimentally. The molecular electrostatic potentials and dipole moments of the three isomers were calculated by ab initio quantum mechanics (HF/6-311G). The single crystal X-ray analyses reveal non-planar structures. This non-coplanarity is retained during docking of the compounds into a model of hTDO, the molecular target of this series. The position of the Cl atom does not significantly affect the electronic delocalization. Nevertheless, the position of the Cl atom produces a local variation of bond lengths inducing different dipole moments for these isomers. Variations in dipole moments are consistent with the different melting points and crystal packings. Differences in aqueous solubilities are best explained by subtle changes in H-bonds resulting from different accessibilities of the indole NH's due to steric effects of the Cl substituent. The non-coplanarity plays an important role in the crystalline packing of the molecules in contrast to the position of the Cl. This study leads to a better understanding of the structural and electronic characteristics of this chemical series and can potentially help to better understand their inhibitory activity. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

To overcome the intrinsic resistance of cancer cells to apoptotic stimuli, we designed and synthesized approximately 50 novel β-carbolines structurally related to harmine. Harmine is known for its anticancer properties and is a DYRK1A inhibitor. Of the synthesized compounds, the most active in terms of growth inhibition of five cancer cell lines are cytostatic and approximately 100 times more potent than harmine but demonstrated no DYRK1A inhibitory activity. These novel β-carbolines display similar growth inhibitory activity in cancer cells that are sensitive and resistant to apoptotic stimuli. Using ChemGPS-NP, we found that the more active β-carbolines are all more lipophilic and larger than the less active compounds. Lastly, on the basis of the NCI human tumor cell line anticancer drug screen and the NCI COMPARE algorithm, it appears that some of these compounds, including 5a and 5k, seem to act as protein synthesis inhibitors. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and –B (MAO-B) are attractive targets for a broad range of treatments against pathologies including depression, anxiety disorders, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Most current MAO inhibitors lead to side effects by a lack of affinity and selectivity towards one of the isoforms. Recently, the crystal structures of hMAO-A and –B in complex with inhibitors opened the way towards the discovery of new, more selective and potent inhibitors. Thus, the main objective of this work, was the design of new, more potent, reversible and selective MAO-A or –B inhibitors derived from β-carboline and 5H-indeno[1,2-c]pyridazin-5-one scaffolds respectively, following a classical strategy including experimental (synthesis and biological evaluation) and theoretical (molecular modeling) approaches. The MAO inhibitory potencies showed that the replacement of the methoxy group of harmine by more lipophilic groups increases the inhibition for MAO-A. Studies on 5H-indeno[1,2-c]pyridazin-5-one scaffold bearing lipophilic groups in the 3 and 8-positions showed that the substitution in the 3-position dramatically influences the MAO-B-inhibiting properties. Furthermore, the involvement through a same metabolic pathway and the similarity in the structural properties of MAO with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) respectively, led us to the investigation of the -carboline and 5H-indeno[1,2-c]pyridazin-5-one derivatives as potential IDO and LSD1 inhibitors. However, the two series show no inhibition of those two enzymes and are thus selective of MAO. Finally, starting from the same strategy used for MAO, we are also interested in the synthesis of two new 3-substituted--carboline derivatives with amino groups and directly derived from 3-butyl--carboline, a known IDO inhibitor. Indeed, these two compounds display a positive charge at physiological pH which might establish an additional coulomb interaction with 7-propionate o, La monoamine oxydase A (MAO-A) et –B (MAO-B) sont des cibles intéressantes pour une large gamme de thérapies contre des pathologies telles que la dépression, l’anxiété et les maladies de Parkinson et d’Alzheimer. La plupart des inhibiteurs actuels mènent à des effets secondaires par un manque d’affinité et de sélectivité envers une des isoformes. Récemment, les structures cristallographiques de hMAO-A et –B en complexe avec des inhibiteurs ont ouvert le chemin vers la découverte de nouveaux inhibiteurs plus sélectifs et plus puissants. En conséquence, l’objectif principal de ce travail, fut la conception de nouveaux inhibiteurs plus puissants, réversibles et sélectifs de MAO-A ou –B à partir des motifs β-carbolines et 5H-indéno[1,2-c]pyridazin-5-ones respectivement, en suivant une stratégie classique comprenant une approche expérimentale (synthèse et évaluation biologique) et théorique (modélisation moléculaire). Les pouvoirs d’inhibition sur la MAO ont montré que la substitution du groupe méthoxy de l’harmine par des groupes plus lipophiles augmente l’inhibition de MAO-A. Des études sur les 5H-indéno[1,2-c]pyridazin-5-ones substituées à la fois aux positions 3 et 8 par des groupes lipophiles ont montré que la substitution en position 3 influence significativement les propriétés d’inhibition de la MAO-B. De plus, l’implication à travers une même voie métabolique et la similarité dans les propriétés structurales de la MAO avec l’indoléamine 2,3-dioxygénase (IDO) et la lysine spécifique déméthylase 1 (LSD1) respectivement, nous ont amené à l’investigation des -carbolines et 5H-indéno[1,2-c]pyridazin-5-ones comme inhibiteurs potentiels d’IDO et de LSD1. Cependant, les deux series n’inhibent pas ces deux systèmes enzymatiques et sont donc sélectives de MAO. Finalement, en partant de la même stratégie utilisée pour la MAO, nous nous sommes aussi intéressés à la synthèse de deux nouvelles -carbolines substitutées en position 3 par des groupements aminés et directement d, (DOCSC02) -- FUNDP, 2011