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1. Chronologically dating the early assembly of the Milky Way

Author

Jason W. Ferguson, J. Ted Mackereth, B. M. Rendle, Josefina Montalbán, Fiorenzo Vincenzo, Emma Willett, Guy R. Davies, M. Vrard, Cristina Chiappini, Saniya Khan, Richard Scuflaire, Andrea Miglio, Arlette Noels, B. Mosser, Martin Bo Nielsen, William J. Chaplin, Oliver J. Hall, Walter E. van Rossem, Gaël Buldgen, Montalban J., Mackereth J.T., Miglio A., Vincenzo F., Chiappini C., Buldgen G., Mosser B., Noels A., Scuflaire R., Vrard M., Willett E., Davies G.R., Hall O.J., Bo Nielsen M., Khan S., Rendle B.M., van Rossem W.E., Ferguson J.W., and Chaplin W.J.

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Milky Way, CHEMICAL EVOLUTION, STELLAR POPULATIONS, RED GIANTS, GAIA, ASTEROSEISMOLOGY, KINEMATICS, AGES, HALO, OSCILLATIONS, ABUNDANCES, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Compact star, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Thick disk, Satellite galaxy, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Accretion (astrophysics), Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Geology
Abstract

The standard cosmological model ($\Lambda$-CDM) predicts that galaxies are built through hierarchical assembly on cosmological timescales$^{1,2}$. The Milky Way, like other disc galaxies, underwent violent mergers and accretion of small satellite galaxies in its early history. Thanks to Gaia-DR2$^3$ and spectroscopic surveys$^4$, the stellar remnants of such mergers have been identified$^{5-7}$. The chronological dating of such events is crucial to uncover the formation and evolution of the Galaxy at high redshift, but it has so far been challenging owing to difficulties in obtaining precise ages for these oldest stars. Here we combine asteroseismology -- the study of stellar oscillations -- with kinematics and chemical abundances, to estimate precise stellar ages ($\sim$ 11%) for a sample of stars observed by the $\mathit{Kepler}$ space mission$^8$. Crucially, this sample includes not only some of the oldest stars that were formed inside the Galaxy, but also stars formed externally and subsequently accreted onto the Milky Way. Leveraging this resolution in age, we provide compelling evidence in favour of models in which the Galaxy had already formed a substantial population of its stars (which now reside mainly in its thick disc) before the in-fall of the satellite galaxy Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage$^{5,6}$ around 10 billions years ago, Comment: Updated with the final version accepted for publication as a Letter in Nature Astronomy (29 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, including main article and methods section). Improved presentation of results, which have not changed from the previous version

Published
2021

2. Age dating of an early Milky Way merger via asteroseismology of the naked-eye star ν Indi

Author

William J. Chaplin, Aldo M. Serenelli, Andrea Miglio, Thierry Morel, J. Ted Mackereth, Fiorenzo Vincenzo, Hans Kjeldsen, Sarbani Basu, Warrick H. Ball, Amalie Stokholm, Kuldeep Verma, Jakob Rørsted Mosumgaard, Victor Silva Aguirre, Anwesh Mazumdar, Pritesh Ranadive, H. M. Antia, Yveline Lebreton, Joel Ong, Thierry Appourchaux, Timothy R. Bedding, Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard, Orlagh Creevey, Rafael A. García, Rasmus Handberg, Daniel Huber, Steven D. Kawaler, Mikkel N. Lund, Travis S. Metcalfe, Keivan G. Stassun, Michäel Bazot, Paul G. Beck, Keaton J. Bell, Maria Bergemann, Derek L. Buzasi, Othman Benomar, Diego Bossini, Lisa Bugnet, Tiago L. Campante, Zeynep Çelik Orhan, Enrico Corsaro, Lucía González-Cuesta, Guy R. Davies, Maria Pia Di Mauro, Ricky Egeland, Yvonne P. Elsworth, Patrick Gaulme, Hamed Ghasemi, Zhao Guo, Oliver J. Hall, Amir Hasanzadeh, Saskia Hekker, Rachel Howe, Jon M. Jenkins, Antonio Jiménez, René Kiefer, James S. Kuszlewicz, Thomas Kallinger, David W. Latham, Mia S. Lundkvist, Savita Mathur, Josefina Montalbán, Benoit Mosser, Andres Moya Bedón, Martin Bo Nielsen, Sibel Örtel, Ben M. Rendle, George R. Ricker, Thaíse S. Rodrigues, Ian W. Roxburgh, Hossein Safari, Mathew Schofield, Sara Seager, Barry Smalley, Dennis Stello, Róbert Szabó, Jamie Tayar, Nathalie Themeßl, Alexandra E. L. Thomas, Roland K. Vanderspek, Walter E. van Rossem, Mathieu Vrard, Achim Weiss, Timothy R. White, Joshua N. Winn, Mutlu Yıldız, European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Chaplin W.J., Serenelli A.M., Miglio A., Morel T., Mackereth J.T., Vincenzo F., Kjeldsen H., Basu S., Ball W.H., Stokholm A., Verma K., Mosumgaard J.R., Silva Aguirre V., Mazumdar A., Ranadive P., Antia H.M., Lebreton Y., Ong J., Appourchaux T., Bedding T.R., Christensen-Dalsgaard J., Creevey O., Garcia R.A., Handberg R., Huber D., Kawaler S.D., Lund M.N., Metcalfe T.S., Stassun K.G., Bazot M., Beck P.G., Bell K.J., Bergemann M., Buzasi D.L., Benomar O., Bossini D., Bugnet L., Campante T.L., Orhan Z.C., Corsaro E., Gonzalez-Cuesta L., Davies G.R., Di Mauro M.P., Egeland R., Elsworth Y.P., Gaulme P., Ghasemi H., Guo Z., Hall O.J., Hasanzadeh A., Hekker S., Howe R., Jenkins J.M., Jimenez A., Kiefer R., Kuszlewicz J.S., Kallinger T., Latham D.W., Lundkvist M.S., Mathur S., Montalban J., Mosser B., Bedon A.M., Nielsen M.B., Ortel S., Rendle B.M., Ricker G.R., Rodrigues T.S., Roxburgh I.W., Safari H., Schofield M., Seager S., Smalley B., Stello D., Szabo R., Tayar J., Themessl N., Thomas A.E.L., Vanderspek R.K., van Rossem W.E., Vrard M., Weiss A., White T.R., Winn J.N., Yildiz M., Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Psychology, St John's University, Institute of Space Sciences [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), Danish AsteroSeismology Centre (DASC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Astronomy, Yale University [New Haven], Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik (MPA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), The University of Sydney, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research institute of Computer Vision and Robotics [Girona] (VICOROB), Universitat de Girona (UdG), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS), Stellar Astrophysics Centre [Aarhus] (SAC), Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), High Altitude Observatory (HAO), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Département des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement/Océanologie [Liège], Université de Liège, Center for Space Research [Cambridge] (CSR), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), High Speed Networks Laboratory, Dept. of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics [Budapest] (BME), Department of Astronomy (Ohio State University), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Ege Üniversitesi, CERFACS [Toulouse], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), PSL Research University (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Milky Way, Population, GAIA, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, MASS, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, Q1, 01 natural sciences, Asteroseismology, 0103 physical sciences, QB460, Satellite galaxy, STELLAR HALOES, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 10. No inequality, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB600, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Dwarf galaxy, QB, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], education.field_of_study, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ACCRETION HISTORY, Astronomy and Astrophysics, DISC, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, MODEL, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, DARK-MATTER HALOES, ROTATION, Halo, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS, QB799
Abstract

This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). et al., Over the course of its history, the Milky Way has ingested multiple smaller satellite galaxies. Although these accreted stellar populations can be forensically identified as kinematically distinct structures within the Galaxy, it is difficult in general to date precisely the age at which any one merger occurred. Recent results have revealed a population of stars that were accreted via the collision of a dwarf galaxy, called Gaia–Enceladus, leading to substantial pollution of the chemical and dynamical properties of the Milky Way. Here we identify the very bright, naked-eye star ν Indi as an indicator of the age of the early in situ population of the Galaxy. We combine asteroseismic, spectroscopic, astrometric and kinematic observations to show that this metal-poor, alpha-element-rich star was an indigenous member of the halo, and we measure its age to be 11.0±0.7 (stat) ±0.8 (sys) billion years. The star bears hallmarks consistent with having been kinematically heated by the Gaia–Enceladus collision. Its age implies that the earliest the merger could have begun was 11.6 and 13.2 billion years ago, at 68% and 95% confidence, respectively. Computations based on hierarchical cosmological models slightly reduce the above limits., J.M. acknowledge support from the ERC Consolidator Grant funding scheme (project ASTEROCHRONOMETRY, grant agreement number 772293). A.M.S. is partially supported by the Spanish Government (ESP2017-82674-R) and Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-SGR-1131). T.L.C. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement number 792848 (PULSATION). K.J.B., S.H., J.S.K. and N.T. are supported by the European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement number 338251 (StellarAges). E.C. is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 664931. L.G.-C. acknowledges support from the MINECO FPI-SO doctoral research project SEV-2015-0548-17-2 and predoctoral contract BES-2017-082610. S.M. acknowledges support from the Spanish ministry through the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. This work was supported by FEDER through COMPETE2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030389. A.M.B. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 749962 (project THOT).

Published
2020

3. PLATO as it is: a legacy mission for Galactic archaeology

Author

A. Miglio, C. Chiappini, B. Mosser, G. R. Davies, K. Freeman, L. Girardi, P. Jofré, D. Kawata, B. M. Rendle, M. Valentini, L. Casagrande, W. J. Chaplin, G. Gilmore, K. Hawkins, B. Holl, T. Appourchaux, K. Belkacem, D. Bossini, K. Brogaard, M.‐J. Goupil, J. Montalbán, A. Noels, F. Anders, T. Rodrigues, G. Piotto, D. Pollacco, H. Rauer, C. Allende Prieto, P. P. Avelino, C. Babusiaux, C. Barban, B. Barbuy, S. Basu, F. Baudin, O. Benomar, O. Bienaymé, J. Binney, J. Bland‐Hawthorn, A. Bressan, C. Cacciari, T. L. Campante, S. Cassisi, J. Christensen‐Dalsgaard, F. Combes, O. Creevey, M. S. Cunha, R. S. Jong, P. Laverny, S. Degl'Innocenti, S. Deheuvels, É. Depagne, J. Ridder, P. Di Matteo, M. P. Di Mauro, M.‐A. Dupret, P. Eggenberger, Y. Elsworth, B. Famaey, S. Feltzing, R. A. García, O. Gerhard, B. K. Gibson, L. Gizon, M. Haywood, R. Handberg, U. Heiter, S. Hekker, D. Huber, R. Ibata, D. Katz, S. D. Kawaler, H. Kjeldsen, D. W. Kurtz, N. Lagarde, Y. Lebreton, M. N. Lund, S. R. Majewski, P. Marigo, M. Martig, S. Mathur, I. Minchev, T. Morel, S. Ortolani, M. H. Pinsonneault, B. Plez, P. G. Prada Moroni, D. Pricopi, A. Recio‐Blanco, C. Reylé, A. Robin, I. W. Roxburgh, M. Salaris, B. X. Santiago, R. Schiavon, A. Serenelli, S. Sharma, V. Silva Aguirre, C. Soubiran, M. Steinmetz, D. Stello, K. G. Strassmeier, P. Ventura, R. Ventura, N. A. Walton, C. C. Worley, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], School of Physics and Astronomy [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Heckscher-Klinikum, Danish AsteroSeismology Centre (DASC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Department of Astronomy [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Evolution et Modélisation des Bassins Sédimentaires (EMBS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences [Modena], Chaire Galaxies et cosmologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Aveiro, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat de Girona (UdG), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, SETI Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Department of Astronomy (Ohio State University), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysical Research Institute [Liverpool], Liverpool John Moore University (ljmu), Institute of Space Sciences [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), The University of Sydney, M2A 2017, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), Symbiose Marine (SM), Evolution Paris Seine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DNRF106, The Danish National Research Foundation, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, PRIN INAF 2014 - CRA 1.05.01.94.05, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Programme National Cosmologie et Galaxies (CNRS/INSU, France), IF/00894/2012/, Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, CNES Fellowship, 615604, ERC Consolidator (STARKEY), Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid, ESP2015-66134-R, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme, Swedish National Space Board, European Commission, DLR, FT1400147, Australian Research Council, NNX16AI09G, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, CH1188/2-1, DFG, CA16117, ChETEC COST Action, 10118, Villum Fonden, European Union FP7 program, 320360, ERC, UID/FIS/04434/2013, FCT, G1502, NYUAD Institute, Programme National de Physique Stellaire (PNPS), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Collège de France - Chaire Galaxies et cosmologie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, University of Illinois System, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Miglio A., Chiappini C., Mosser B., Davies G.R., Freeman K., Girardi L., Jofre P., Kawata D., Rendle B.M., Valentini M., Casagrande L., Chaplin W.J., Gilmore G., Hawkins K., Holl B., Appourchaux T., Belkacem K., Bossini D., Brogaard K., Goupil M.-J., Montalban J., Noels A., Anders F., Rodrigues T., Piotto G., Pollacco D., Rauer H., Prieto C.A., Avelino P.P., Babusiaux C., Barban C., Barbuy B., Basu S., Baudin F., Benomar O., Bienayme O., Binney J., Bland-Hawthorn J., Bressan A., Cacciari C., Campante T.L., Cassisi S., Christensen-Dalsgaard J., Combes F., Creevey O., Cunha M.S., Jong R.S., Laverny P., Degl'Innocenti S., Deheuvels S., Depagne E., Ridder J., Matteo P.D., Mauro M.P.D., Dupret M.-A., Eggenberger P., Elsworth Y., Famaey B., Feltzing S., Garcia R.A., Gerhard O., Gibson B.K., Gizon L., Haywood M., Handberg R., Heiter U., Hekker S., Huber D., Ibata R., Katz D., Kawaler S.D., Kjeldsen H., Kurtz D.W., Lagarde N., Lebreton Y., Lund M.N., Majewski S.R., Marigo P., Martig M., Mathur S., Minchev I., Morel T., Ortolani S., Pinsonneault M.H., Plez B., Moroni P.G.P., Pricopi D., Recio-Blanco A., Reyle C., Robin A., Roxburgh I.W., Salaris M., Santiago B.X., Schiavon R., Serenelli A., Sharma S., Aguirre V.S., Soubiran C., Steinmetz M., Stello D., Strassmeier K.G., Ventura P., Ventura R., Walton N.A., Worley C.C., Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
RED-GIANT STARS, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, COROT ASTEROSEISMOLOGY FIELDS, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, VELOCITY EXPERIMENT RAVE, Galaxy: structure, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, SUN-LIKE STAR, QC, QB, Physics, structure - stars: abundances - stars: fundamental parameters - stars: oscillations - surveys [Galaxy], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, stars: fundamental parameters, stars: oscillations, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS, THICK DISK, stars: abundances, Relation (database), DATA RELEASE, Milky Way, surveys, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, MILKY-WAY DISK, F500, Kepler, Asteroseismology, ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Quality (philosophy), Galaxy: structure â stars: abundances â stars: fundamental parameters â stars: oscillations â surveys, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Galaxy: structure – stars: abundances – stars: fundamental parameters – stars: oscillations – surveys, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Data science, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, COLD DARK-MATTER, Stars, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Stellar physics, Galaxy: structure – stars: abundances – stars: fundamental parameters – stars: oscillations – surveys, Galaxy: structure - stars: abundances - stars: fundamental parameters - stars: oscillations - surveys
Abstract

Deciphering the assembly history of the Milky Way is a formidable task, which becomes possible only if one can produce high-resolution chrono-chemo-kinematical maps of the Galaxy. Data from large-scale astrometric and spectroscopic surveys will soon provide us with a well-defined view of the current chemo-kinematical structure of the Milky Way, but will only enable a blurred view on the temporal sequence that led to the present-day Galaxy. As demonstrated by the (ongoing) exploitation of data from the pioneering photometric missions CoRoT, Kepler, and K2, asteroseismology provides the way forward: solar-like oscillating giants are excellent evolutionary clocks thanks to the availability of seismic constraints on their mass and to the tight age-initial-mass relation they adhere to. In this paper we identify five key outstanding questions relating to the formation and evolution of the Milky Way that will need precise and accurate ages for large samples of stars to be addressed, and we identify the requirements in terms of number of targets and the precision on the stellar properties that are needed to tackle such questions. By quantifying the asteroseismic yields expected from PLATO for red-giant stars, we demonstrate that these requirements are within the capabilities of the current instrument design, provided that observations are sufficiently long to identify the evolutionary state and allow robust and precise determination of acoustic-mode frequencies. This will allow us to harvest data of sufficient quality to reach a 10% precision in age. This is a fundamental pre-requisite to then reach the more ambitious goal of a similar level of accuracy, which will only be possible if we have to hand a careful appraisal of systematic uncertainties on age deriving from our limited understanding of stellar physics, a goal which conveniently falls within the main aims of PLATO's core science., 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomical Notes

Published
2017

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