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Pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH) and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) are both hyperplastic conditions that may occur in the canine uterus during diestrus. CEH can impair fertility, and, although the consequences of PEH are poorly known, this condition is significantly associated with pyometra. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of both PEH and CEH in female dogs according to age, size, breed, and breed group. Uteri from 300 female dogs were sampled and processed for histopathologic analyses. Lesions were identified, and frequencies were statistically compared. PEH was significantly more frequent in dogs between 4 and 12 years of age and significantly less frequent in Yorkshires than Shih-tzus, as well as in the breed group that includes Brazilian Terriers and Yorkshires. CEH was significantly more frequent in dogs older than 12 years, but no breed predisposition was observed. The frequency of PEH was significantly higher than that of CEH. The frequency of pyometra in PEH cases was significantly higher than endometritis or uterus without inflammation. This study identified age, breed group, and size as predisposing factors for PEH and further demonstrated the association between this condition and pyometra in dogs.

Selection of adjuvant to be combined with the antigen is an extremely important point for formulating effective vaccines. The aim of this study was to evaluate reactogenicity, levels of IgM, IgG and subclasses (IgG1, IgG2b and IgG3), and protection elicited by vaccine formulations with association of chitosan coated alginate or Montanide ISA 61 with γ-irradiated Brucella ovis. The alginate/chitosan biopolymers as well as the Montanide ISA 61 emulsion elicited intense and long-lasting local response, especially when associated with the antigen. However, Montanide ISA 61 induced less intense reactogenicity when compared to alginate/chitosan. Furthermore, γ-irradiated B. ovis with Montanide ISA 61 induced higher levels of IgG2b an important marker of cellular immune response. In conclusion, Montanide ISA 61 resulted in milder reactogenicity when compared to the alginate/chitosan, while it induced a high IgG2b/IgG1 ratio compatible with a Th1 profile response.

Summary: Background: HIV incidence estimation is critical for monitoring the HIV epidemic dynamics and the effectiveness of public health prevention interventions. We aimed to identify sexual and gender minorities (SGM) with recent HIV infections, factors associated with recent HIV infection, and to estimate annualised HIV incidence rates. Methods: Cross-sectional multicentre study in HIV testing services in Brazil and Peru (15 cities). Inclusion criteria: 18+ years, SGM assigned male at birth, not using pre-/post-exposure prophylaxis. We identified recent HIV infection using the Maxim HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA assay as part of a recent infection testing algorithm (RITA). Annualized HIV incidence was calculated using the UNAIDS/WHO incidence estimator tool. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate factors associated with recent HIV infection. Trial registration: NCT05674682. Findings: From 31-Jan-2021 to 29-May-2022, 6899 individuals participated [Brazil: 4586 (66.5%); Peru: 2313 (33.5%)]; 5946 (86.2%) cisgender men, 751 (10.9%) transgender women and 202 (2.9%) non-binary/gender diverse. Median age was 27 (IQR: 23–34) years. HIV prevalence was 11.4% (N = 784/6899); 137 (2.0%) SGM were identified with recent HIV infection. The overall annualized HIV incidence rate was 3.88% (95% CI: 2.86–4.87); Brazil: 2.62% (95% CI: 1.78–3.43); Peru: 6.69% (95% CI: 4.62–8.69). Participants aged 18–24 years had higher odds of recent HIV infection compared to those aged 30+ years in both countries. Interpretation: Our results highlight the significant burden of HIV epidemic among SGM in large urban centres of Brazil and Peru. Public health policies and interventions to increase access to effective HIV prevention methods such as PrEP are urgently needed in Latin America. Funding: Unitaid, WHO (Switzerland), Ministry of Health from Brazil and Peru.

The advent of the first synthetic cell has triggered significant interest in synthetic biology research and its potential impact on various fields, including industry, agriculture, health, and the environment. With its unique blend of molecular biology, genetics, engineering, and computational modeling, synthetic biology is becoming a crucial tool in addressing challenges in food science. For example, the development of synthetic genetic circuits is underway for the improvement of food safety and quality, such as creating biosensors for detecting toxins and heavy metals, enhancing the nutritional value of foods, and preserving the environment using sustainable technologies. Regardless of its potential, the use of synthetic biology in food production raises concerns regarding biosafety, asking for stringent control and comprehensive legislation to prevent misuse of the technology. This review provides an overview of synthetic biology in food science, discussing the current state-of-art of its toolbox achievements for cost-effective and nutritional improvement, likewise, the legal, ethical, and biosecurity considerations surrounding the use of synthetic circuits for the advancement of food science.

Abstract Horses are seasonal polyoestrous animals, and the photoperiod is the main factor modulating their reproductive activity. There is no consensus on the andrological and biochemical factors that influence breeding seasonality. To assess the involvement of climate in reproduction, Mangalarga Marchador stallions were monitored over 1 year regarding semen quality and seminal plasma proteome. Here, we show that kallikrein (KLKs) proteoforms in seminal plasma are involved in climate conditioning of reproduction. During the breeding season, greater abundance and different types of KLKs occurred simultaneously to lower sperm motility, greater semen volumes and higher concentrations of glucose and cholesterol. Considering that vasodilation due to activation of the kallikrein-kinin system and the consequent inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system may be associated with lower sperm motility, unravelling the involvement of KLK proteoforms in reproductive seasonality is a priority in horse breeding.

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important tropical fruit crop, and its nutritional status is directly associated with the quality and postharvest conservation of the fruits. Several agronomic events are involved with changes in the flavor and texture of the fruits, which are associated with the postharvest delay of fruit maturation, especially cell wall loosening. In this study, ‘Paluma’ guava trees were treated with three doses of potassium fertilization (50 [producer dose - control], 100, and 150 g K2O plant−1) during the phenological phase of fruit growth, and the fruits were evaluated in three maturity stages (green yellow, yellow greenish, and yellow). The completely randomized design and fruits from three plants were used as replicates per treatment. The fruits were evaluated by the changes in pectin content and cell wall enzyme activity (pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase) and oxidative metabolism enzymes (polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activity). The results demonstrate that fruits from plants fertilized with 100 g K2O plant−1 were firmer (59.24 N), in which the yellow-greenish stage presented higher total (3.69%) and insoluble pectin (2.58%) contents. Furthermore, fruits at yellow-greenish stage presented lower pectin methylesterase (370.9 mU g−1 FW) and polygalacturonase (110.1 mU g−1 FW) cell wall enzyme activity, reflecting the better resistance of the cell wall and possibly longer postharvest life. As a practical application, the use of 100 g of K2O plant−1 during production and harvesting of “Paluma” guava at the yellow-greenish stage can maintain fruit firmness, improve quality, and reduce postharvest losses.

A pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) pertence à família Myrtaceae, estando amplamente distribuída em países da América do Sul, principalmente no Brasil, seu centro de origem. Contudo, ainda são poucas as informações acerca dos aspectos da qualidade dos frutos apesar do seu elevado potencial. Na maturação, o fruto passa por mudanças acentuadas na coloração, resultado do acúmulo de pigmentos, como também mudanças físico-químicas que lhe conferem sabor e aroma atrativos para o consumo. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as mudanças na qualidade de frutos de pitangueira durante a maturação. Frutos de pitangueira foram colhidos apresentando coloração da casca variando de verde amarelada até completamente vermelha. A colheita foi realizada na zona rural, Sítio Paripe, Conde-PB. Os frutos foram encaminhados para o Laboratório Multidisciplinar XI das Instituições Nova Esperança, João Pessoa-PB, sendo realizada a seleção e, com base na coloração da casca, feita a separação em três estádios de maturação. Para posterior análises físico-químicas de sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez titulável e análise de coloração utilizando o aplicativo Colorimeter. Foi observado que a acidez dos frutos da pitangueira apresentou uma redução nos valores médios do estádio Amarelo Dourado para o Completamente Vermelho, de 3,1 para 2,3 g 100 g-1. Para o pH, foi observado que os frutos mais maduros tinham um pH mais elevado. Os sólidos solúveis (SS) apresentaram uma diferença significativa entre os estádios de maturação, observando-se um aumento de 30%. Os parâmetros da coloração da casca pelo sistema CIELab avaliados pelo aplicativo mostraram que os frutos têm mudanças acentuadas ao longo de sua maturação. Desse modo, frutos de pitangueira vermelhos apresentam valores elevados para a acidez titulável e sólidos solúveis no estádio completamente vermelho. O mesmo ocorreu para o conteúdo de antocianinas e flavonoides amarelos.

Pyometra, characterized by the accumulation of purulent exudate in the uterus, is the most prevalent reproductive disease in canines. While the disease often begins with mild local symptoms, it can escalate into peritonitis, sepsis, and multi-organ dysfunction, thereby posing a significant threat to life. Despite the high incidence and recognized significance of canine pyometra, gaps persist in our understanding of its epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis. Recent studies have, however, broadened our comprehension of this disease, shedding light on potential new infection sources, etiologies, and the application of clinical predictive biomarkers and new therapeutic protocols. This study aimed to review the current understanding of canine pyometra, with particular emphasis on the latest research concerning its etiology and epidemiology. Furthermore, it addressed key research questions and proposed directions for future investigations into various facets of canine pyometra.

Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease that affects a wide range of warm-blooded host species. Neotropical primates (New World Primates; NWP) are highly susceptible, developing a lethal acute systemic disease. Toxoplasmosis in free-ranging NWP is poorly described, with only a few studies based on serosurveys. Herein we performed a retrospective study focusing on the epidemiology and pathology of toxoplasmosis among 1,001 free-ranging marmoset (Callithrix spp.) deaths from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study included marmosets necropsied at the Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman (IJV) from January 2017 to July 2019, which were found dead from all regions in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to better characterize toxoplasmosis in this free-ranging population. All samples were also tested for Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) RT-qPCR by the official diagnostic service. A total of 1,001 free-ranging marmosets were included in this study, with 16 (1.6%) cases of lethal Toxoplasma gondii infections identified both as individual cases and in outbreaks. Presence of infection was not associated with sex, age, geographical distribution, or year of death, and no co-infection with YFV was observed. The main pathological feature in these cases was random necrotizing hepatitis with detection of intralesional T. gondii zoites in all infected cases. Interstitial pneumonia rich in alveolar foamy macrophages and fibrin deposition, necrotizing myocarditis and necrotizing splenitis were also pathological features in affected marmosets. Therefore, toxoplasmosis was considered the cause of death in 1.6% of free-ranging marmosets in this retrospective series, including some cases associated with outbreaks. Necrotizing random hepatitis was a consistent pathological finding in affected cases and sampling of liver should be ensured from Callitrichid post mortem cases.

Alguns frutos de plantas do gênero Spondias são apreciados pelos aspectos de sabor e aparência atrativos. Contudo, durante a maturação ocorrem mudanças acentuadas que modificam a qualidade, sobretudo nessas plantas que não são plenamente domesticadas. Por terem frutos ricos em compostos antioxidantes, a pesquisa com tais frutos tem focado em compreender as mudanças que estes apresentam na maturação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as mudanças nos compostos bioativos e na atividade antioxidante ocorridas durante a maturação de frutos de genótipos de cajá-mangueira (Spondias cytherea Sonn.). Os frutos provenientes de cinco genótipos (P1, P2, P3, P4 P5) de ocorrência espontânea no estado da Paraíba foram colhidos nos seguintes estádios de maturação: totalmente verde (TV), início de pigmentação amarela (IP), amarelo esverdeado (AE) e predominantemente amarelo (PA). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, sendo cinco genótipos e quatro estádios de maturação, em seis repetições. A polpa dos frutos foi avaliada quanto ao conteúdo de ácido ascórbico, carotenoides totais, flavonoides amarelos, antocianinas, polifenóis extraíveis totais (PET) e atividade antioxidante total (AAT). Os frutos da cajá-mangueira apresentaram aumento no conteúdo de carotenoides e antocianinas da polpa, redução nos PET e flavonoides amarelos e aumento da AAT ao final da maturação. A atividade antioxidante do cajá-manga aumentou ao final da maturação. O genótipo P3 destacou-se entre os demais por apresentar maior conteúdo de carotenoides totais e flavonoides amarelos ao final da maturação (PA), enquanto os genótipos P1 e P5 por apresentarem maior capacidade antioxidante.

Abstract Background Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal bone tumor. Although it is a common tumor in the appendicular skeleton of dogs and cats, it is rarely reported in birds. Retroviruses are usually associated with solid tumor development in different avian species. Case presentation: This report aims to describe a case of osteosarcoma associated with the avian leukosis virus in a captive bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata). A captive adult female bare-faced curassow presented with lameness, hyporexia, and a non-ulcerative and firm tumor in the right femur. The bird was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. Histopathology revealed an infiltrative mesenchymal neoplasm consisting of spindle cells with moderate cell pleomorphism, organized in bundles and interspersed by marked deposition of the osteoid matrix, which was compatible with osteosarcoma affecting both femur and tibiotarsus, with renal metastasis. Immunohistochemistry of the primary and metastatic tumor demonstrated vimentin expression by neoplastic cells. Samples of the neoplasm, bone marrow, and spleen were processed for PCR, which enabled the demonstration of proviral avian leukosis virus (ALV) DNA. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an osteosarcoma in a bare-faced curassow with an unusual polyostotic manifestation and associated with ALV infection.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in the aspects of quality, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of ‘uvaia’ fruits (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess) in different stages of maturation. Fruits were evaluated with regard to the fresh mass, length and diameter, pulp yield, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, yellow flavonoids and antioxidant activity (DPPH). The experimental design was completely randomized. ´Uvaia´ fruits presented increases in fresh mass and pulp yield during maturation with mean values of 11.69 g and 65.49%, respectively he end of maturation. The ‘uvaia’ is a fruit of high acidity, which decreases with maturation, in parallel to the increase in soluble solids content. The total antioxidant activity increases with the advance of maturation, in parallel with the increase of carotenoid and flavonoid contents, characterizing the most striking changes in the final stages of maturation.

A Phaseolus lunatus L. (fava) é uma espécie da família Fabaceae amplamente cultivada na região Nordeste do Brasil, sendo uma importante fonte de nutrientes e geração de renda para a população. A fava possui elevada variabilidade genética, o que resulta em muitas variedades cultivadas. No entanto, existem poucas informações sobre os níveis de cianeto, qualidade nutricional e aceitação sensorial dessas variedades, bem como sobre as alterações ocasionadas pelo processo de cocção, principalmente no que se refere aos teores de cianeto livre. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores de cianeto, qualidade nutricional e atributos sensoriais de grãos de variedades de fava. Os níveis de cianeto potencial e livre, atributos de qualidade nutricional e uma Análise Descritiva Qualitativa (ADQ) foram avaliados em grãos crus e cozidos. O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco variedades de fava (Orelha de Vó, Branca, Roxinha, Rosinha e Cearense), em 4 repetições. Relativamente aos crus, grãos cozidos apresentaram maior tamanho e menores teores de cinzas, proteínas, carboidratos, cianeto potencial e cianeto livre, das variedades estudadas. A fava Orelha de Vó apresentou maior massa nos grãos crus e maior firmeza nos cozidos, que foi julgada como sabor residual mais amargo entre as demais, mas apresentou níveis seguros de cianeto livre após cozimento. Quando cozida, a fava branca teve maior intenção de compra e aceitação global, devido a sua maior intensidade de aroma característico e menor sabor amargo residual.

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of gamification as a practice of teaching entrepreneurship on the entrepreneurial intention. We applied the FishBanks simulation to entrepreneurship classes of a Brazilian technical business course at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN). We adopted as an identification strategy the use of the methods of difference-in-differences, combined with propensity score matching and quantile regression to investigate the impact of gamification on entrepreneurial intention of the students of a technical business course. The sample was composed of 191 students on a longitudinal panel of two periods, with 106 students in the treatment group and 85 students in the control group, totaling 382 observations. The results indicate a positive and statistically significant impact of the use of the business game on the entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, we observed a higher impact of gamification in entrepreneurial intention of the students in the first quartile of the entrepreneurial intention.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal disease caused by the protozoa Leishmania infantum for which dogs are the main reservoirs. A vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) could be an important tool in the control of human and CVL by reducing the infection pressure of L. infantum. Despite the CVL vaccine available on the market, the Brazilian Ministry of Health did not implement the use of it in their control programs. In this sense, there is an urgent need to develop more efficient vaccines. In this study, the association between two polymeric nanoformulations, (poly (D, L-lactic) acid (PLA) polymer) loading Leishmania amazonensis antigens, was evaluated as a potential immunobiological agent against VL using golden hamsters as an experimental model. The results indicated that no significant adverse reactions were observed in animals vaccinated with LAPSmP. LAPSmP presented similar levels of total anti-Leishmania IgG as compared to LAPSmG. The LAPSmP and LAPSmG groups showed an intense reduction in liver and spleen parasitic load by qPCR. The LAPSmP and LAPSmG vaccines showed exceptional results, indicating that they may be promising candidates as a VL vaccine.

Despite its clinical relevance, the pathogenesis of canine pyometra remains poorly understood. To date, it is recognized as a non-transmissible infectious disease. In this study, the simultaneous occurrence of pyometra and Escherichia coli in two cohabitant female dogs underwent in-depth investigation due to the hypothesis of transmission between these animals. Two 5-year-old Chow Chow dogs (namely, dogs 23 and 24—D23 and D24) were referred to a veterinary hospital with suspected pyometra. Both animals showed prostration, anorexia, and purulent vulvar discharge over a 1-week period. After ovariohysterectomy, uterine tissue, uterine contents, and rectal swabs were collected for histopathological and microbiological analysis. Uterine histology demonstrated purulent material and multifocal necrosis with endometrial ulceration, and a morphological diagnosis of pyometra was confirmed. Furthermore, E. coli from the same phylogroup (B2) and positive for the same virulence factors with the same antimicrobial susceptibility profile was isolated from the uterine contents of both dogs and the rectum of D23. Conversely, the E. coli strains recovered from D24 differed in phylogroup (one isolate), virulence factors (all three isolates), and antimicrobial susceptibility (all three isolates). Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) suggested that all isolates from the uterine content of both dogs and the rectal swab of D23 were 100% the same, but different from all isolates in the rectal swab of D24. One isolate from the uterine content of each animal as well as rectal swabs were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Both whole-genome multilocus sequence typing(wgMLST) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis supported the hypothesis that the isolates from the uterine content of both animals and the rectal swab of D23 were clonal. Taken together, these clinical features, pathology, microbiology, and molecular findings suggest, to the best of our knowledge, the first transmission of E. coli associated with pyometra between two animals. These results could impact the management of sites where several females cohabit in the same local area such as kennels.

RESUMO: O objetivo desse texto é demonstrar que a reforma trabalhista ocorrida no Brasil por meio das leis 13.429 e 13.467, de 2017 promove a desregulação das relações de trabalho e coloca em seu lugar um conjunto normativo de tutela do processo de acúmulo de capital. Ao fazer isso, o país concretiza na sua dimensão juslaboral a “nova razão de mundo”, numa compreensão de que não se trata apenas de um novo modelo econômico ou de produção, mas sim de um novo modo de vida em sociedade. Buscar-se-á demonstrar a presença desse processo por meio da análise de três aspectos que dialogam na conformação entre dinâmica do mundo do trabalho e a regulação que sobre ela recaí, a saber i) qual o contorno institucional que vem se conformando em torno da uberização, ii) a assumpção da figura do trabalhador hipersuficiente para atacar a sua forma de organização coletiva e, por fim, iii) a introdução do critério econômico como meio de acesso à justiça do trabalho. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to show that the labor reform that took place inBrazil through laws 13.429 and 13.467 in 2017 promoted the deregulation oflabor’s relations and substituted the previous regulation with a normative set toprotect the process of capital accumulation. In so doing, the country realizes in its juslaboral dimension the “new way of the world” through a mindset that it is not just a new economic or production model, but a new way of life in society. It seeks to demonstrate the presence of this process by analyzing three aspects that dialogue in the conformation between the dynamics of the world of work and the regulation that falls on it, namely: i) what is the institutional outline being formed through the “uberrization” process, ii) the assumption of the figure of the self-sufficient worker up against their collective organization and, finally, iii) the introduction of the economic criterion as a means of access to labor justice.

Leishmaniasis is a widespread vector-borne disease in Brazil, with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum as the primary etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Dogs are considered the main reservoir of this parasite, whose treatment in Brazil is restricted to the use of veterinary medicines, which do not promote a parasitological cure. Therefore, efficient vaccine development is the best approach to Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) control. With this in mind, this study used hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as an experimental model in an anti-Leishmania preclinical vaccine trial to evaluate the safety, antigenicity, humoral response, and effects on tissue parasite load. Two novel formulations of nanoparticles made from poly(D, L-lactic) acid (PLA) polymer loading Leishmania braziliensis crude antigen (LB) exhibiting two different particle sizes were utilized: LBPSmG (570 nm) and LBPSmP (388 nm). The results showed that the nanoparticles were safe and harmless to hamsters and were antigenic with the induction in LBSap, LBPSmG, and LBPSmG groups of total anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies 30 days after challenge, which persists 200 days in LBSap and LBPSmP. At the same time, a less pronounced hepatosplenomegaly in LBSap, LBPSmG, and LBPSmP was found when compared to control groups, as well as a less pronounced inflammatory infiltrate and granuloma formation in the spleen. Furthermore, significant reductions of 84%, 81%, and 90% were observed in spleen parasite burden accessed by qPCR in the LBSap, LBPSmG, and LBPSmP groups, respectively. In this way, LBSap, LBPSmG, and LBPSmP formulations showed better results in vaccinated and L. infantum-challenged animals in further reducing parasitic load in the spleen and attenuating lesions in liver and splenic tissues. This results in safe, harmless nanoformulation vaccines with significant immunogenic and infection control potential. In addition, animals vaccinated with LBPSmP had an overall reduction in parasite burden in the spleen, indicating that a smaller nanoparticle could be more efficient in targeting antigen-presenting cells.

This study investigated the occurrence of selected pathogens of bovine respiratory disease in fetal pulmonary tissue of cattle and associated these with patterns of disease. Fetal pulmonary (n = 37) tissues were evaluated by histopathology; immunohistochemical assays identified intralesional antigens of bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and Mycoplasma bovis. Molecular assays were performed to amplify reproductive disease pathogens and bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6) from 12 lungs. The 2 patterns of pulmonary diseases were interstitial pneumonia (12/37) and suppurative bronchopneumonia (1/37). The frequency of the intralesional antigens identified was BRSV (16.2%; 6/37), BVDV (13.5%; 5/37), BoAHV1 (8.1%; 3/37), M. bovis (5.4%; 2/37), and BPIV-3 (2.7%; 1/37). Interstitial pneumonia was associated with BRSV (n = 3), BoAHV1 (n = 3), and BVDV (n = 2); suppurative bronchopneumonia contained a Gram-positive bacterium and BVDV and BRSV. Reproductive pathogens detected included Leptospira spp., (n = 3), BVDV, Neospora caninum, and Brucella abortus (n = 2). BoGHV6 DNA was identified in the lungs of two fetuses with interstitial pneumonia. These findings suggest that these fetuses were infected transplacentally by several pathogens. The role of some of these pathogens herein identified must be further elucidated in the possible participation of fetal disease.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe disease caused by Leishmania infantum. Dogs are the parasite's main reservoir, favoring its transmission in the urban environment. The analysis of L. infantum from infected dogs contributes to the identification of more virulent parasites, thereby supporting basic and applied studies such as vaccinal and therapeutic strategies. We proposed the in vitro and in vivo characterization of L. infantum strains from naturally infected dogs from a VL endemic area based on an infectivity and pathogenicity analysis. DH82 canine macrophages were infected in vitro with different strains for infectivity analysis, showing distinct infectivity profiles. The strains that showed greater and lesser infectivity using in vitro analyses (616 and 614, respectively) were used to infect hamsters for pathogenicity analysis. The group infected with strain 616 showed 100% survival while the group infected with strain 614 showed 50% after seven months of follow up. Furthermore, the 614 strain induced more noticeable clinicopathological changes and biochemical abnormalities in liver function, along with high inflammation and parasite load in the liver and spleen. We confirmed high variability of infectivity and pathogenicity in L. infantum strains from infected dogs. The results support the belief that screening for L. infantum infectivity using in vitro experiments is inadequate when it comes to selecting the most pathogenic strain.

Enhanced photosynthesis is strictly associated with to productivity and it can be accomplished by genetic approaches through identification of genetic variation. By using a Solanum pennellii introgression lines (ILs) population, it was previously verified that, under normal (CO2), IL 2–5 and 2–6 display increased photosynthetic rates by up to 20% in comparison with their parental background (M82). However, the physiological mechanisms involved in the enhanced CO2 assimilation exhibited by these lines remained unknown, precluding their use for further biotechnological applications. Thereby, here we attempted to uncover the physiological factors involved in the upregulation of photosynthesis in ILs 2–5 and 2–6 under normal (CO2) as well as under elevated (CO2). The results provide evidence for increased biochemical capacity (higher maximum carboxylation velocity and maximum electron transport rate) in plants from IL 2–5 and 2–6, whereas the diffusive components (stomatal and mesophyll conductances) were unaltered in these ILs in comparison to M82. Our analyses revealed that the higher photosynthetic rate observed in these ILs was associated with higher levels of starch as well as total protein levels, specially increased RuBisCO content. Further analyses performed in plants under high (CO2) confirmed that biochemical properties are involved in genetic variation on chromosome 2 related to enhanced photosynthesis.

Many native species from the Cactaceae family with occurrence in northeastern Brazil have been investigated targeting their chemical composition and functional properties as strategy of adding value to these species that are underexploited according to ethnobotanical studies. The xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum.)) is one of these species that adapts in high temperatures and low rainfall environments and some local populations use it for several purposes, including animal feeding and medicinal. However, there is few studies regarding the physical and physicochemical characterization and on the compounds of functional interest in fruits of this species. In the context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the xiquexique fruit from plants occurring in three municipalities of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The pulp of fruits from the municipalities of Boqueirão and Solânea presented lower acidity content, with higher SS/AT ratio and may be more suitable for fresh consumption. Furthermore, fruits from these municipalities can be also attractive for processing once they had larger sizes. Fruits of xiquexique exhibited high contents of functional compounds such as phenolic and betalains, which provided high antioxidant activity, with potential for adding value.

Abstract Brucella canis infection is an underdiagnosed zoonotic disease. Knowledge about perinatal brucellosis in dogs is extremely limited, although foetuses and neonates are under risk of infection due to vertical transmission. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to determine tissue distribution and cell tropism of B. canis in canine foetuses and neonates. Diagnosis of B. canis in tissues of naturally infected pups was based on PCR and sequencing of amplicons, bacterial isolation, and immunohistochemistry, whose specificity was confirmed by laser capture microdissection. PCR positivity among 200 puppies was 21%, and nine isolates of B. canis were obtained. Tissues from 13 PCR-positive puppies (4 stillborn and 9 neonates) presented widespread immunolabeling. Stomach, intestines, kidney, nervous system, and umbilicus were positive in all animals tested. Other frequently infected organs included the liver (92%), lungs (85%), lymph nodes (69%), and spleen (62%). Immunolabeled coccobacilli occurred mostly in macrophages, but they were also observed in erythrocytes, epithelial cells of gastrointestinal mucosa, renal tubules, epidermis, adipocytes, choroid plexus, ependyma, neuroblasts, blood vessels endothelium, muscle cells, and in the intestinal lumen. These results largely expand our knowledge about perinatal brucellosis in the dog, clearly demonstrating a pantropic distribution of B. canis in naturally infected foetuses and neonates.

Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligately intracellular enteric bacterium, infects intestinal epithelial cells, but may also be found within macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria of affected pigs. Macrophages play an important role in host defense against infectious agents, but the role of this cell in L. intracellularis infection is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the permissibility of macrophages to L. intracellularis infection in vitro. Pure culture of L. intracellularis was added to swine peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. Viability of intracytoplasmic L. intracellularis was evaluated at different time points by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Potential replication of L. intracellularis in macrophages was also evaluated by qPCR. By TEM, phagocytosis L. intracellularis within of phagolysosomes were observed 1-hour post-infection (hpi) and bacterial structures in binary fission at 48 hpi. The number of intracellular bacteria was determined at 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 hpi by qPCR in infected macrophages and compared to the number of intracellular bacteria from culture in McCoy cells. In both cell lines, the amount of L. intracellularis was decreased at 4 hpiand increased at 24 hpi. The number of intracellular bacteria continued to increase in McCoy cells over time. This is the first study showing interaction, survival and propagation of L. intracellularis in macrophages. These findings are critical to establish an experimental model for future studies of the pathogenesis of porcine proliferative enteropathy and the potential persistence of L. intracellularis in macrophages during chronic infections.

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide relevance. Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in Brazil, where it is caused by Leishmania infantum with Lutzomyia longipalpis being the most important invertebrate vector. Non-human primates are susceptible to L. infantum infection. However, little is known about the role of these species as reservoirs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transmissibility potential of visceral leishmaniasis by non-human primates through xenodiagnosis using the phlebotomine Lu. longipalpis as well as to identify phlebotomine species prevalent in the area where the primates were kept in captivity, and assess infection by Leishmania in captured phlebotomine specimens. Fifty two non-human primates kept in captivity in an endemic area for leishmaniasis were subjected to xenodiagnosis. All primates were serologically tested for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies. Additionally, an anti-Lu. longipalpis saliva ELISA was performed. Sand flies fed on all animals were tested by qPCR to identify and quantify L. infantum promastigotes. Eight of the 52 non-human primates were positive by xenodiagnosis, including three Pan troglodytes, three Leontopithecus rosalia, one Sapajus apella, and one Miopithecus talapoin, with estimated numbers of promastigotes ranging from 5.67 to 1,181.93 per μg of DNA. Positive animals had higher levels of IgG anti-Lu. longipalpis saliva when compared to negative animals, prior to xenodiagnosis. Captive non-human primates are capable of infecting Lu. longipalpis with L. infantum. Our findings also demonstrate the relevance of non-human primates as sentinels to zoonotic diseases. Several phlebotomine species, including Lu. longipalpis, have been identified in the area where the primates were maintained, but only one pool of Lutzomyia lenti was infected with L. infantum. This study has implications for public health strategies and conservation medicine.

RESUMO A umbugueleira produz frutos com amplas possibilidades de utilização que, embora subexplorados, têm grande potencial socioeconômico. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento e a fisiologia da maturação em frutos da umbugueleira. As inflorescências foram marcadas em seis plantas, no período da antese, e o fruto (umbuguela) foi avaliado em intervalos regulares até a abscisão da planta. O ciclo de desenvolvimento da umbuguela, da antese até o início da abscisão, abrange 157 dias; a massa, o volume, o comprimento e o diâmetro apresentam aumentos rápidos até 117 dias após a antese (DAA), estabilizando-se até o final da maturação. O padrão respiratório do fruto foi climatérico, com pico aos 147 DAA. A coloração evoluiu do verde para o amarelo e, no pós-climatério, para o vermelho-púrpura. A relação SS/AT e pH aumentaram, e a AT diminuiu durante a maturação. O ponto ideal de colheita para o armazenamento ocorreu dos 127 aos 137 DAA, com início da coloração amarela a amarelo predominante. Para consumo fresco, o ponto de colheita foi a partir de 147 DAA (amarelo com traços avermelhados).

Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de manga ‘Tommy Atkins’ da Produção Integrada (PI) recoberta com fécula de mandioca (F) associada a óleos essenciais e quitosana. A manga foi colhida na maturidade comercial de pomar certificado na PI. Os recobrimentos foram: Controle; F a 3%; F a 3% + erva-doce a 0,9% (FED); F a 3%+ orégano a 0,5% (FO), e F a 2% + quitosana a 2% (FQ). As mangas recobertas foram mantidas por 20 dias a 12+1°C e 80 + 2% U.R. e, em seguida, transferidas para a condição ambiente (24+2°C; 75+4% U.R) por mais 12 dias, simulando a condição de mercado. A combinação FQ retardou o amadurecimento, mantendo a coloração, os teores de sólidos solúveis e de acidez, apresentando mangas com intenção de compra e sabor superiores ao controle.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) shows high incidence and mortality worldwide, particularly in Western and developed countries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the oncologic results during a minimum follow-up of 2 years of curable CRC patients submitted to laparoscopic resection in our environment, regarding to the development of hepatic metastases. Methods: Medical records of 189 colon and rectal patients with potentially curable adenocarcinoma who have been submitted to laparoscopic resection have been reviewed through a retrospective cohort between January 2005 and March 2012 at a single institution regarded as reference to this type of treatment. Pearson's χ2 and Long-rank tests have been used for statistical analysis and data was analyzed by statistic package STATA version 11.0. Results: The eligible population for the study was 146 patients, 91 women (62%), with a mean age of 61 ± 13 years. Minimum follow-up was 24 months, having an mean follow-up of 60 ± 27 months and an mean follow-up of global disease recurrence of 27 ± 11 months. Hepatic metastases occurred in 7.5% of the population, most from stage III, and the mean recurrence period was 25 ± 16 months. Conclusions: Laparoscopic resection for potentially curable CRC in this cohort did not change the long-term incidence of hepatic metastases, considering that our results are comparable to large randomized clinical trial results. Laparoscopic resection was effective and safe for analyzed patients, regarding long-term oncologic results. Resumo: Introdução: O câncer colorretal (CCR) apresenta elevada incidência e mortalidade mundial, especialmente nos países ocidentais e desenvolvidos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar, durante um seguimento mínimo de 2 anos, pacientes com CCR potencialmente curável submetidos a ressecções laparoscópicas, em relação ao surgimento de metástases hepáticas. Métodos: Através de coorte retrospectiva foram revisados os prontuários de 189 portadores de adenocarcinoma de cólon e reto potencialmente curáveis, submetidos a ressecção laparoscópica entre janeiro de 2005 e março de 2012, numa única instituição considerada de referência neste tipo de tratamento. Para análise estatística foram usados o teste χ2 de Pearson e o teste Log-rank, e os dados foram analisados pelo pacote estatístico STATA versão 11.0. Resultados: A população elegível do estudo foi de 146 pacientes, sendo 91 mulheres (62%), com idade média de 61 ± 13 anos. O seguimento mínimo foi de 24 meses, sendo o tempo médio de seguimento de 60 ± 27 meses, e o tempo médio de recorrência global da doença de 27 ± 11 meses. Metástases hepáticas ocorreram em 7,5% da população, a maioria proveniente do estadio III, e o tempo médio de recorrência no fígado foi de 25 ± 16 meses. Conclusões: Para esta coorte a ressecção do CCR potencialmente curável por via laparoscópica não modificou a incidência de metástases hepáticas a longo prazo, ao comparar nossos resultados aos dos grandes ensaios clínicos randomizados. Para os pacientes analisados, a ressecção laparoscópica foi eficaz e segura em relação aos resultados oncológicos a longo prazo. Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Laparoscopic surgery, Video-assisted colectomy, Long-term results, Hepatic metastases, Palavras-chave: Câncer colorretal, Cirurgia laparoscópica, Colectomia vídeo-assistida, Resultados a longo prazo, Metástases hepáticas

Entrepreneurial activity performs an important role in a nation’s economic dynamics. Previous studies argue that institutional factors are correlated with the opening of new businesses, however, the literature is divergent as to the effect of bureaucratic corruption on entrepreneurship. Thus, this article aims to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship and the incidence of bureaucratic corruption in Brazilian states and its Federal District (Brasilia), for the period of 2000-2008. This study's main hypothesis is that opening a business in Brazilian states is negatively affected by the incidence of corruption. Using a regression method with panel data, we estimated models with pooled data and fixed and random effects. The term entrepreneurship is adopted as the act of starting a new business, as in Say (1816), Mescon and Montanari (1981) and Lachman (1980). To measure corruption, we used the General Index of Corruption for Brazilian states (Boll, 2010), and to represent entrepreneurship, we used firm entry per capita by state. Tests of the Chow (1960), Hausman (1978) e Breusch and Pagan (1979) indicate that the random effects model is more appropriate, and the results indicate a positive correlation between bureaucratic corruption and entrepreneurial activity, contradicting the hypothesis expected and found in previous articles about Brazil.

This article analyses the representation of the subaltern in the literature of the Brazilian writer Marcelino Freire. We argue that Freire portrays the marginalized with a radical individuality, speaking for themselves and rejecting paternalism. We advance this interpretation by way of a contextualized reading of some of the short-stories present in two of his books: “Contos Negreiros” and “Rasif – mar que arrebenta”. Analytical categories from postcolonial, subaltern and libertarian theories are used to show how Freire mixes historical context, social disparities and individual motivation of subaltern, thus creating a displacement of the hegemony and agency of the marginalized.

The objective was to evaluate the use of concentrate in the diet of lambs on intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients, ruminal characteristics, rectal and body temperature. It was used four lambs without breed defined (SRD), entire, with average body weight (BW) of 19.3 ± 2.07 kg using a Latin square design, 4 x 4. The animals were housed in metabolism cages and were fed twice a day with diet consisting of corn silage and concentrate at a ratio of 20, 40, 60 and 80% dry matter in the diet, composite of corn grains and soybean meal. Leftovers were measured daily and the feces were collected through bags. Data from variables studied were submitted to ANOVA and regression analysis at 5% probability. The increasing levels of concentrate in lamb diets affected (P0.05) of concentrate levels on digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, EE, NDF, ADF, NFC and TCH. However, the digestibility coefficient of CP showed a quadratic effect (P0.05) by dietary concentrate. It can be concluded that 38% of concentrate in diets of lambs favors the maximum dry matter intake, organic matter and crude protein. The digestibility coefficient of the nutrients, except for protein, are not altered with the addition up to 80% concentrate in diet for lambs, as well as, this does not affect the pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration of ruminal fluid, rectal and body temperature. Objetivou-se avaliar níveis crescentes de concentrado na dieta de cordeiros sobre o consumo e coeficiente de digestibilidade total (CD) dos nutrientes, características ruminais, temperatura corporal e retal. Foram utilizados quatro cordeiros sem raça definida (SRD), não castrados, com peso corporal (PC) médio de 19,3 Kg ± 2,07 por meio de um delineamento em quadrado latino 4 x 4. Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo, os quais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia, com dieta composta por silagem de milho e concentrado, na proporção de 20, 40, 60 e 80% na matéria seca da dieta, as quais eram compostas por milho grão moído e farelo de soja. Diariamente as sobras foram monitoradas e as fezes foram coletadas por meio de sacolas de napa. Os dados das variáveis estudadas foram submetidos à ANOVA e análise de regressão a 5% de probabilidade. Os níveis crescentes de concentrado nas rações de cordeiros alteraram (P0,05) dos níveis de concentrado sobre o coeficiente de digestibilidade da MS, MO, EE, FDN, FDA, CHT e CNF. Entretanto, o coeficiente de digestibilidade da PB apresentou efeito quadrático (P0,05) pelos níveis de concentrado na dieta. Conclui-se que 38% de concentrado nas rações de cordeiros favorece o máximo consumo de matéria seca, matéria orgânica e proteína bruta. O coeficiente de digestibilidade dos nutrientes, exceto para proteína bruta, não são alterados com a adição de até 80% de concentrado na dieta de cordeiros, bem como este não afeta o pH e a concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal do líquido ruminal, temperatura corporal e retal.

A male adult crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) was diagnosed with systemic yeast infection. Histologically, there were extensive areas of necrosis in the lung, which were associated with a diffuse severe lympho-plasmo-histiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, with numerous multinucleated giant cells, and myriads of intralesional pseudo-hyphae and yeast like organisms within distended foveolae. Necrotic foci were also observed in the mucosa of the digestive tract, trachea, tunica intima of arteries, liver, and heart, with a marked inflammatory lympho-histiocytic infiltrate, with large numbers of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells, and intralesional and intravascular pseudo-hyphae and yeast-like organisms. Oval yeast structures with 4 to 6 μm in diameter and 5 to 8 μm thick paralleled-wall pseudo-hyphae were observed in PAS or GMS stained sections. PCR with DNA template extracted from paraffin embedded tissues amplified the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene, which was sequenced and found to be identical to sequences of a new species, isolated from rotting wood in Brazil, of the genus Spencermartinsiella, which its closest relative is Spencermartinsiella cellulosicola.

The presence of anti leptospiral agglutinins (microscopic agglutination test - MAT) and DNA of leptospires was investigated in the kidney and urine (Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR) in samples collected at the time of slaughter of cattle originating from the dairy basin of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil, as also the lesions in kidney, lung, liver, uterus, ovary and placenta (histopathology and immunohistochemistry). In the MAT, Hardjo was the predominant serovar with the highest number of reagent animals for the strain Hardjobovis/Sponselee. Anti-leptospiral antigens were scored in epithelial cells, interstitial vascular endothelium, endothelium of glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsule of 20 positive animals. Inflammatory cells were more common in the kidney. PCR was positive in urine and kidney tissue

Retracted — Check List 6(1): 74-115

Infection with bacteria of the genus Brucella results in major economic and political impact by causing reproductive diseases in a significant number of domestic animal species. Moreover, it has a great social significance, since many species are capable of causing human infection, with severe consequences. Dissemination of knowledge on a specific disease is an essential step for its control. Considering that brucellosis is still the most prevalent zoonosis in the world, information about taxonomy, clinical signs in domestic animals and humans are crucial for attempting to reduce the prevalence of this disease. The recent isolation and characterization of non-classical species of Brucella indicates that a lot remains to be discovered about this genus. Nevertheless, due to the social-economic importance of brucellosis, this review aims to clarify points related to taxonomy of the genus and describe the clinical relevance of infection in humans and domestic animals.A infecção por bactérias do gênero Brucella apresenta grande importância econômica e política por causar doenças com impacto reprodutivo em um número significativo de espécies de animais domésticos. Além disso, possui grande importância social, já que várias espécies são capazes de causar infecção humana, com graves consequências. A difusão do conhecimento em relação a uma determinada doença é um passo essencial para o seu controle. Considerando-se que a brucelose ainda é a zoonose mais prevalente no mundo, informações sobre a taxonomia, os principais sinais clínicos nas diferentes espécies domésticas e os diferentes aspectos da doença humana são de importância crucial para a tentativa de diminuir a prevalência dessa enfermidade. O recente isolamento e a caracterização de espécies não clássicas de Brucella demonstram que ainda há muito a ser descoberto sobre esse gênero. Tendo em vista a importância socioeconômica da infecção por Brucella spp., esta revisão tem como objetivos esclarecer pontos relacionados à taxonomia do gênero, bem como descrever aspectos clínicos relevantes na infecção humana e nas diferentes espécies domésticas.

Brucella spp. are facultatively intracellular bacteria that can infect, survive, and multiply in various host cell types in vivo and/or in vitro. The genus Brucella has markedly expanded in recent years with the identification of novel species and hosts, which has revealed additional information about the cell and tissue tropism of these pathogens. Classically, Brucella spp. are considered to have tropism for organs that contain large populations of phagocytes such as lymph nodes, spleen, and liver, as well as for organs of the genital system, including the uterus, epididymis, testis, and placenta. However, experimental infections of several different cultured cell types indicate that Brucella may actually have a broader cell tropism than previously thought. Indeed, recent studies indicate that certain Brucella species in particular hosts may display a pantropic distribution in vivo. This review discusses the available knowledge on cell and tissue tropism of Brucella spp. in natural infections of various host species, as well as in experimental animal models and cultured cells.

Salmonella is a relevant pathogen under a clinical and public health perspective. Therefore, there has been a significant scientific effort to learn about pathogenic determinants of this pathogen. The clinical relevance of the disease, associated with the molecular tools available to study Salmonella as well as suitable animal models for salmonellosis, have provided optimal conditions to drive the scientific community to generate a large expansion of our knowledge about the pathogenesis of Salmonella-induced enterocolitis that took place during the past two decades. This research effort has also generated a wealth of information on the host immune mechanisms that complements gaps in the fundamental research in this area. This review focus on how the interaction between Salmonella, the microbiota and intestinal innate immunity leads to disease manifestation. As a highly successful enteropathogen, Salmonella actively elicits a robust acute intestinal inflammatory response from the host, which could theoretically lead to the pathogen demise. However, Salmonella has evolved redundant molecular machineries that renders this pathogen highly adapted to the inflamed intestinal environment, in which Salmonella is capable of outcompete resident commensal organisms. The adaptation of Salmonella to the inflamed intestinal lumen associated with the massive inflammatory response that leads to diarrhea, generate perfect conditions for transmission of the pathogen. These conditions illustrate the complexity of the co-evolution and ecology of the pathogen, commensals and the host.

St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a causative agent of encephalitis in humans in the Western hemisphere. SLEV is a positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Flavivirus genus, which includes West Nile encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus and other medically important viruses. Recently, we isolated a SLEV strain from the brain of a horse with neurological signs in the countryside of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The SLEV isolation was confirmed by reverse-transcription RT-PCR and sequencing of the E protein gene. Virus identity was also confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence using commercial antibodies against SLEV. To characterize this newly isolated strain in vivo, serial passages in newborn mice were performed and led to hemorrhagic manifestations associated with recruitment of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system of newborns. In summary this is the first isolation of SLEV from a horse with neurological signs in Brazil.

O conhecimento anatômico do tipo de circulação, com a identificação da dominância das artérias coronárias na irrigação do coração, apresenta grande interesse clínico e cirúrgico, devido a que variações nessa irrigação ocasionam diferentes graus de gravidade em casos de obstrução. Foram estudados 50 corações retirados de indivíduos adultos, de ambos os sexos e diferentes raças, nos quais as artérias coronárias foram dissecadas, visando identificar o tipo de circulação. Realizamos, ainda, estudo morfométrico em corações cujo peso médio foi 291 gramas e altura ventricular média de 97 mm. Em 72% dos corações estudados havia dominância da direita, 16% circulação balanceada e 12% dominância da esquerda. Identificamos o número de ramos que ultrapassam a crux cordis, sendo o mínimo de um ramo e o máximo de cinco ramos, com valor médio de 2,2 nos casos de dominância da direita e em apenas dois corações um ramo (em cada um) nos 8 de dominância da esquerda. Em 50% dos corações estudados o ramo interventricular anterior ultrapassa o ápice cardíaco, atingindo a sua face diafragmática.The type of circulation and the predominance of the coronary arteries have a great interest in Cardiology as well as in Cardiac Surgery. There is a close relationship between the type of circulation and the risk of myocardial injuries after coronary obstruction. We carried out 50 normal hearts (35 males and 15 females) of 28 Caucasian and 22 non-caucasian individuals. The arteries were injected with colored gelatine. The average cardiac weight was 291 g and the ventricular length was 97 mm. The right coronary predominance was the most common pattern of distribution (72%) and is followed in incidence by a left coronary predominance (16%) and least frequently by a balanced circulation (12%). The incidence of branches crossing the crux cordis ranged from 1 to 5 (average 2,2) in right coronary predominance. On the other hand, in the left coronary predominance we found one branch in two hearts. The most frequent branch reaching the diaphragmatic from the sternocostal surface was the interventricularis anterioris ramus (50%).

O ambiente industrial envolvido em alta competitividade de mercado vem apresentando novas técnicas de gestão, entre as quais se insere o Gerenciamento da Cadeia de Suprimentos (Supply Chain Management – SCM). O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar as práticas de SCM no setor automobilístico, em especial, o arranjo produtivo do consórcio modular. Após a realização de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre SCM e práticas de SCM no ramo automobilístico, foi conduzido um estudo de caso na planta da Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus, localizada na cidade de Resende – RJ, no qual foram entrevistados alguns dos gerentes industriais dos módulos que compoem o consórcio modular, além de observações diretas efetuadas pelo pesquisador. De modo geral, pode-se constatar que o arranjo produtivo tipo Consórcio Modular é mais adequado às atividades relacionadas à montagem do que as de fabricação. Destaca-se também a maior integração da montadora com seus fornecedores, conseqüência da proximidade física entre os mesmos e do maior envolvimento dos fornecedores, desde o projeto até a montagem final do veículo.

O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar, através de método morfométrico, o colágeno da porção fetal e da porção materna do placentoma de vacas leiteiras com liberação normal e com retenção de placenta. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas, das quais foi colhido um placentoma, imediatamente após a expulsão fetal, sendo que oito apresentaram liberação normal da placenta e constituíram o Grupo 1 e quatro apresentaram retenção e constituíram o Grupo 2. De cada placentoma foi obtido um fragmento que foi processado histologicamente. As lâminas foram coradas pelo Tricrômico de Masson. As proporções volumétricas do colágeno materno e do colágeno fetal foram determinadas com o auxílio de uma ocular integradora (Ocular integradora Zeiss KPL 10x com 25 pontos). Não houve diferença significativa entre grupos 1 e 2 (p>0,05), tanto na proporção volumétrica do colágeno materno (34,57 ± 5,47 e 32,04 ± 5,82, respectivamente) quanto na proporção volumétrica do colágeno fetal (9.85 ± 2,04 e 10,73 ± 2,47, respectivamente).

Simple Summary: Reproductive diseases are quite important among dogs, especially the condition named pyometra, which is characterized by uterine bacterial infection with an intense inflammatory reaction that is characterized by the accumulation of a large amount of pus in the uterus. This may lead to a life-threatening disease. Importantly, the mechanisms that trigger pyometra are not completely known, particularly its association with other uterine changes, namely, pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH) and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH). In this study, we investigated the occurrence of both PEH and CEH in female dogs according to age, size, breed, and breed group and their association with pyometra. Pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH) and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) are both hyperplastic conditions that may occur in the canine uterus during diestrus. CEH can impair fertility, and, although the consequences of PEH are poorly known, this condition is significantly associated with pyometra. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of both PEH and CEH in female dogs according to age, size, breed, and breed group. Uteri from 300 female dogs were sampled and processed for histopathologic analyses. Lesions were identified, and frequencies were statistically compared. PEH was significantly more frequent in dogs between 4 and 12 years of age and significantly less frequent in Yorkshires than Shih-tzus, as well as in the breed group that includes Brazilian Terriers and Yorkshires. CEH was significantly more frequent in dogs older than 12 years, but no breed predisposition was observed. The frequency of PEH was significantly higher than that of CEH. The frequency of pyometra in PEH cases was significantly higher than endometritis or uterus without inflammation. This study identified age, breed group, and size as predisposing factors for PEH and further demonstrated the association between this condition and pyometra in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O conhecimento anatômico do tipo de circulação, com a identificação da dominância das artérias coronárias na irrigação do coração, apresenta grande interesse clínico e cirúrgico, devido a que variações nessa irrigação ocasionam diferentes graus de gravidade em casos de obstrução. Foram estudados 50 corações retirados de indivíduos adultos, de ambos os sexos e diferentes raças, nos quais as artérias coronárias foram dissecadas, visando identificar o tipo de circulação. Realizamos, ainda, estudo morfométrico em corações cujo peso médio foi 291 gramas e altura ventricular média de 97 mm. Em 72% dos corações estudados havia dominância da direita, 16% circulação balanceada e 12% dominância da esquerda. Identificamos o número de ramos que ultrapassam a crux cordis, sendo o mínimo de um ramo e o máximo de cinco ramos, com valor médio de 2,2 nos casos de dominância da direita e em apenas dois corações um ramo (em cada um) nos 8 de dominância da esquerda. Em 50% dos corações estudados o ramo interventricular anterior ultrapassa o ápice cardíaco, atingindo a sua face diafragmática.