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Objective: In Brazil, the National Institute of Cancer estimates for the years 2023-2025 about 12,040 new cases of NHL, about 1,444 of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs). T-cell Brazil project is an ambispective study inserting new diagnosis from January 2015 to December 2022. Our goal was to explore a prospective cohort (PC), April 2017-December 2022, analyzing primary refractory and relapse (R/R) PTCLs pts to explore bad factors for overall survival (OS). Methodology: PC enrolled 461 pts who received 1ª treatment line. Descriptive analyses, Kaplan-Meier method, Log-Rank test to compare groups and Cox Regression to identify risk factor for OS using IBM-SPSS software v.24. Results: It was identified 171 (37%) pts, 71% refractory and 29% relapsed. Median mo. from treatment to R/R was 6 mo. (1-49). Overall, 42% received 2nd line treatment and these 11% had to bone marrow transplantation. After a median 17 months (0-51) of follow up, 64% pts had died, and 74% due to lymphoma, 17% infections, 9% toxicities.Refractory pts (HR=2.51, P1 extranodal site (HR=1.76, P=0.01) were associated with a higher risk of death in a Cox Regression. Conclusion: This study confirms outcomes for patients treated according to standards treatment. No difference was found in OS with respect to histology. Results confirm that peripheral T-cell lymphomas patients had dismal outcome after relapse or progression, besides of higher IPI and more than one extranodal site at diagnosis. However, HCT as salvage can possibly prolong life as some studies already indicated.