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3. A Global Survey on Changes in the Supply, Price, and Use of Illicit Drugs and Alcohol, and Related Complications During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Farhoudian, A, Radfar, S, Ardabili, H, Rafei, P, Ebrahimi, M, Zonoozi, A, De Jong, C, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Hansen, H, Brady, K, Potenza, M, Baldacchino, A, Ekhtiari, H, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-Ansari, B, Al-Khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Arya, S, Asebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Busse, A, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Deilamizade, A, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Isra, T, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Kurniasanti, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-Ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Massah, O, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon, T, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Raghavendra Rao, R, Ratta-Apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Wee Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Farhoudian A., Radfar S. R., Ardabili H. M., Rafei P., Ebrahimi M., Zonoozi A. K., De Jong C. A. J., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Hansen H., Brady K. T., Potenza M. N., Baldacchino A. M., Ekhtiari H., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-Ansari B., Al-Khair F. M. A., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Arya S., Asebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Busse A., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., Cherpitel J. J. E. N., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Deilamizade A., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H. F. -H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Isra T. N., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S. -G. S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Kurniasanti K. S., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-Ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J. M., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., Massah O., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T. N. J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A. -A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Quiros R. A., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Raghavendra Rao R., Ratta-Apha W., Raymond K. -L., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Wee Teck J. B. T., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., Farhoudian, A, Radfar, S, Ardabili, H, Rafei, P, Ebrahimi, M, Zonoozi, A, De Jong, C, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Hansen, H, Brady, K, Potenza, M, Baldacchino, A, Ekhtiari, H, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-Ansari, B, Al-Khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Arya, S, Asebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Busse, A, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Deilamizade, A, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Isra, T, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Kurniasanti, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-Ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Massah, O, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon, T, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Raghavendra Rao, R, Ratta-Apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Wee Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Farhoudian A., Radfar S. R., Ardabili H. M., Rafei P., Ebrahimi M., Zonoozi A. K., De Jong C. A. J., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Hansen H., Brady K. T., Potenza M. N., Baldacchino A. M., Ekhtiari H., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-Ansari B., Al-Khair F. M. A., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Arya S., Asebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Busse A., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., Cherpitel J. J. E. N., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Deilamizade A., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H. F. -H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Isra T. N., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S. -G. S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Kurniasanti K. S., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-Ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J. M., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., Massah O., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T. N. J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A. -A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Quiros R. A., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Raghavendra Rao R., Ratta-Apha W., Raymond K. -L., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Wee Teck J. B. T., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., and Zhao M.

Abstract

Background and Aims: COVID-19 has infected more than 77 million people worldwide and impacted the lives of many more, with a particularly devastating impact on vulnerable populations, including people with substance use disorders (SUDs). Quarantines, travel bans, regulatory changes, social distancing, and “lockdown” measures have affected drug and alcohol supply chains and subsequently their availability, price, and use patterns, with possible downstream effects on presentations of SUDs and demand for treatment. Given the lack of multicentric epidemiologic studies, we conducted a rapid global survey within the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) network in order to understand the status of substance-use patterns during the current pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Worldwide. Participants: Starting on April 4, 2020 during a 5-week period, the survey received 185 responses from 77 countries. Measurements: To assess addiction medicine professionals' perceived changes in drug and alcohol supply, price, use pattern, and related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Participants reported (among who answered “decreased” or “increased”) a decrease in drug supply (69.0%) and at the same time an increase in price (95.3%) globally. With respect to changes in use patterns, an increase in alcohol (71.7%), cannabis (63.0%), prescription opioids (70.9%), and sedative/hypnotics (84.6%) use was reported, while the use of amphetamines (59.7%), cocaine (67.5%), and opiates (58.2%) was reported to decrease overall. Conclusions: The global report on changes in the availability, use patterns, and complications of alcohol and drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be considered in making new policies and in developing mitigating measures and guidelines during the current pandemic (and probable future ones) in order to minimize risks to people with SUD.

Published
2021

4. Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Author

Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, Radfar S. R., De Jong C. A. J., Farhoudian A., Ebrahimi M., Rafei P., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Massah O., Deylamizadeh A., Brady K. T., Busse A., Potenza M. N., Ekhtiari H., Baldacchino A. M., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-ansari B., Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair F., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Ardabili H. M., Arya S., Lasebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Siste K., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T N J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Alberto Quiros R., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Rao R. R., Ratta-apha W., Raymond K., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Teck J., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., Zonoozi A. K., Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, Radfar S. R., De Jong C. A. J., Farhoudian A., Ebrahimi M., Rafei P., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Massah O., Deylamizadeh A., Brady K. T., Busse A., Potenza M. N., Ekhtiari H., Baldacchino A. M., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-ansari B., Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair F., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Ardabili H. M., Arya S., Lasebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Siste K., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T N J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Alberto Quiros R., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Rao R. R., Ratta-apha W., Raymond K., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Teck J., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., and Zonoozi A. K.

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide, and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic. Methods: One week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health responses were categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers, and (4) vulnerable groups. Results: Respondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. Fifty-seven percent of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services were also negatively impacted. Conclusions: Participants reported that SUD treatment and harm-reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we highlight several issues and complications resulting from the pandemic concerning people with SUDs that should be tackled more efficiently during the future waves or similar pandemics. The issues and potential strategies comprise the following: (1) helping policymakers to generate business continuity plans, (2) maintaining the use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, (3) being prepared for adequate medication supplies, (4) integrating harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities, and (5) having specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees.

Published
2021

5. Examining the Impact of Solution and Surface Composition on Positive Electrode Kinetics for the All-Iron Redox Flow Battery

Author

Renaldo E Springer, Tawanda J Zimudzi, and Derek M. Hall

Abstract

Efforts to reduce the cost of long-duration energy storage systems have drawn increased interest in all-iron redox flow battery systems due to their inexpensive electrolytes. Previous studies have shown that the kinetics of the positive electrode for the Fe(II, III) reaction in these systems are sluggish on carbon surfaces and require significant overpotentials. Here, we identify how changes to the electrode surface and electrolyte composition can influence the electrochemical rate constants to reduce required overpotentials using a rotating disc electrode (RDE) assembly. The impacts of solution composition in terms of pH, chloride content, and cation species were investigated using a range of electrolyte compositions reported for all-iron flow battery systems. The electrode materials studied were glassy carbon, pyrolytic graphite basal plane, and pyrolytic graphite edge plane. Untreated and electrochemically oxidized electrode materials were quantified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the reaction rate constants were quantified using electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Rate constants of the Fe(II, III) reaction on untreated electrode materials were largest on platinum and lowest on glassy carbon with pyrolytic materials providing comparable results. For the materials examined, increases electrolyte chloride content generally decreased the obtained rate constant.

Published
2022
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6. Membrane Transport and Performance in the All-Aqueous Copper Thermally Regenerative Battery

Author

Nicholas R. Cross, Renaldo E Springer, Matthew J. Rau, Seguei N Lvov, Bruce E. Logan, Christopher A. Gorski, and Derek M. Hall

Abstract

Redox flow batteries are emerging as a promising method to provide grid-scale power and long-duration energy storage safely and economically. The thermally regenerative ammonia battery (TRAB) is a new redox flow battery category that can be recharged using low-grade waste heat rather than electric energy, adding further flexibility to the applicability of flow battery systems. Recently, a new TRAB with all-aqueous electroactive species (referred to as the Cuaq-TRAB), as opposed to deposition-dissolution reactions, was found to have superior energy and power densities relative to competing TRABs. The use of bromide and ammonia stabilizes for both Cu(I) and Cu(II) oxidation states, while also creating a cell potential of up to 1.0 V. The potential can be recovered by thermally separating ammonia from the electrolyte and adding it back to alternate electrolyte chambers in successive cycles. Potential improvements in overall cell performance are possible by reducing ohmic losses associated with membrane selection. However, the ideal membrane for the Cuaq-TRAB is not obvious and raises interesting transport questions relative to the dominant redox-active copper species being negatively charged in the catholyte but positively charged in the anolyte. Furthermore, membrane crossover of ammonia, a small, uncharged molecule, was previously shown to be a primary source of parasitic losses for TRABs. Therefore, we investigated how different membrane types (cation, anion, and non-selective) affected ion transport and TRAB performance. A batch symmetry cell was used to determine membrane conductivity in the Cuaq-TRAB environment and membrane diffusion coefficients of each species in the electrolytes. Flow cell experiments were also conducted to find peak power, energy density, average power during discharge, and capacity fade over successive electric charge/discharge cycles. Tradeoffs between membrane conductivity and permeability observed in the symmetry cell are manifested in flow cell results as either high peak and average power or high energy density and low capacity fade. These results expand on potential methods for controlling transport in redox flow batteries and demonstrate the potential for non-selective membranes for electrochemical energy technologies.

Published
2022
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8. Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Author

Seyed Ramin Radfar, Cornelis A. J. De Jong, Ali Farhoudian, Mohsen Ebrahimi, Parnian Rafei, Mehrnoosh Vahidi, Masud Yunesian, Christos Kouimtsidis, Shalini Arunogiri, Omid Massah, Abbas Deylamizadeh, Kathleen T. Brady, Anja Busse, ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium, Marc N. Potenza, Hamed Ekhtiari, Alexander Mario Baldacchino, Adrian Octavian Abagiu, Franck David Noel Abouna, Mohamed Hassan Ahmed, Basma Al-ansari, Feda Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, Mandhar Humaid Almaqbali, Atul Ambekar, Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili, Sidharth Arya, Victor Olufolahan Lasebikan, Murad Ali Ayasreh, Debasish Basu, Zoubir Benmebarek, Roshan Bhad, Mario Blaise, Nicolas Bonnet, Jennifer Brasch, Barbara Broers, Jenna L. Butner, Moses Camilleri, Giovanna Campello, Giuseppe Carra, Ivan Celic, Fatemeh Chalabianloo, Abhishek Chaturvedi, José de Jesús Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, Kelly J. Clark, Melissa Anne Cyders, Ernesto de Bernardis, John Edward Derry, Naveen Kumar Dhagudu, Pavla Dolezalova, Geert Dom, Adrian John Dunlop, Mahmoud Mamdouh Elhabiby, Hussien Elkholy, Nsidibe Francis Essien, Ghandi Ilias Farah, Marica Ferri, Georgios D Floros, Catherine Friedman, Clara Hidalgo Fuderanan, Gilberto Gerra, Abhishek Ghosh, Maka Gogia, Ilias A. Grammatikopoulos, Paolo Grandinetti, Amira Guirguis, David Gutnisky, Paul Steven Haber, Peyman Hassani-Abharian, Zahra Hooshyari, Islam Ibrahim Mokhtar Ibrahim, Hada Fong-ha Ieong, Regina Nova Indradewi, Shelly Iskandar, Shobhit Jain, Sandi James, Seyyed Mohammad hossein Javadi, Keun Ho Joe, Darius Jokubonis, Acka Tushevska Jovanova, Rama Mohamed Kamal, Alexander Ivanov Kantchelov, Preethy Kathiresan, Gary Katzman, Paul Kawale, Audrey Margaret Kern, Felix Henrique Paim Kessler, Sung-Gon Sue Kim, Ann Marie Kimball, Zeljko Kljucevic, Kristiana Siste, Roneet Lev, Hae Kook Lee, Aiste Lengvenyte, Shaul Lev-ran, Geni Seseja Mabelya, Mohamed Ali El Mahi, J. Maphisa Maphisa, Icro Maremmani, Laura Masferrer, Orlagh McCambridge, Garrett Gregory McGovern, Aung Kyi Min, Amir Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, Jazman Mora-Rios, Indika Udaya Kumara Mudalige, Diptadhi Mukherjee, Pejic Munira Munira, Bronwyn Myers, Jayakrishnan Menon T N, Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha, Nkemakolam Ndionuka, Ali-Akbar Nejatisafa, Kamran Niaz, Asad Tamizuddin Nizami, Jan H. Nuijens, Laura Orsolini, Vantheara Oum, Adegboyega Adekunle Oyemade, Irena Rojnia Palavra, Sagun Ballav Pant, Joselyn Paredes, Eric Peyron, Randall Alberto Quirós, Rouhollah Qurishi, Noor ul Zaman Rafiq, Ranjini Raghavendra Rao, Woraphat Ratta-apha, Karren-Lee Raymond, Jens Reimer, Eduardo Renaldo, Tara Rezapour, James Roy Robertson, Carlos Roncero, Fazle Roub, Elizabeth Jane Rubenstein, Claudia Ines Rupp, Elizabeth Saenz, Mohammad Salehi, Lampros Samartzis, Laura Beatriz Sarubbo, Nusa Segrec, Bigya Shah, Hongxian Shen, Tomohiro Shirasaka, Steve Shoptaw, Fransiskus Muronga Sintango, Veronica Andrea Sosa, Emilis Subata, Norberto Sztycberg, Fatemeh Taghizadeh, Joseph Brian Tay Wee Teck, Christian Tjagvad, Marta Torrens, Judith Meme Twala, Ramyadarshni Vadivel, Joseph Robert Volpicelli, Jelmer Weijs, Steven Michael Wintoniw, Apisak Wittayanookulluk, Marcin Wojnar, Sadia Yasir, Yimenu Yitayih, Min Zhao, Arash Khojasteh Zonoozi, ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium, Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Centre for Minorities Research (CMR), and University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division

Subjects
opioid agonist treatment, RC435-571, Psychological intervention, addiction services, Health administration, Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Pandemic, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Drug addiction, 030212 general & internal medicine, harm reduction, Original Research, Psychiatry, Public health, Addiction medicine, substance use disorder, public health, 3rd-DAS, Opiate agonist treatment, Addiction services, Outreach, Substance abuse, Psychiatry and Mental health, RM, COVID-19 pandemic, drug policy, medicine.medical_specialty, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Drug policy, medicine, Substance use disorders, Harm reduction, business.industry, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, COVID-19, medicine.disease, addiction service, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Coronavirus, Family medicine, Human medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide, and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic.Methods:One week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health responses were categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers, and (4) vulnerable groups.Results:Respondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. Fifty-seven percent of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services were also negatively impacted.Conclusions:Participants reported that SUD treatment and harm-reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we highlight several issues and complications resulting from the pandemic concerning people with SUDs that should be tackled more efficiently during the future waves or similar pandemics. The issues and potential strategies comprise the following: (1) helping policymakers to generate business continuity plans, (2) maintaining the use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, (3) being prepared for adequate medication supplies, (4) integrating harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities, and (5) having specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees.

Published
2021

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