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Purpose: This prospective case series aimed to investigate the effect of vertical alveoloplasty on the changes in keratinized mucosa width (KMW) following full‐arch immediate implant placement and rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 potential edentulous patients were enrolled and received implant placement and full‐arch implant‐supported immediate rehabilitations. The main outcome was to analyze the effect of vertical alveoloplasty on the changes in KMW. The amount of vertical alveoloplasty during implant surgery as well as the changes in KMW at buccal aspects from the day of surgery to 6 months post‐surgery were recorded on the implant‐level using a periodontal probe. The secondary outcome was to analyze the other possible factors that affected the changes in KMW. The included factors were the initial KMW, the distribution of implants in the maxilla and mandible, the distribution of implants in the anterior and posterior regions, the distribution of implants in extraction sockets and healed ridges, and gender. Mann‐Whitney non‐parametric tests and multiple linear regression adjusted by generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to statistically analyze the data. Results: A total of 121 implant positions were analyzed. The KMW was 4.1± 2.0 mm on the day of the surgery and 4.1± 1.7 mm 6 months post‐surgery. The mean changes in KMW following 6 months were −0.1± 1.6 mm (p = 0.824). From the results of GEE, the vertical amount of alveoloplasty had no significant effect on changes in KMW. Both initial KMW and the distribution of implants in the anterior and posterior regions had significant impacts on the changes in KMW (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The amount of vertical alveoloplasty during implant surgery has no significant impact on the KMW. The KMW remained stable from baseline to 6 months after alveoloplasty, implant placement, and immediate rehabilitations in potential edentulous arches. The initial KMW and the distribution of implants in the anterior and posterior regions were the possible factors affecting changes in KMW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusions To investigate whether a labially inclined implant axis compromises the clinical outcomes of immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) in the anterior maxilla.Patients with unsalvageable central or lateral maxillary incisors were enrolled. IIPP with simultaneous connective tissue graft (CTG) was performed in all participants. In the control group, the alveolar ridge had a long axis aligned with the tooth, which ensured that the immediate implant was aimed at the incisor edge or the cingulum of future restoration. The test group had a large angle between the axes of the ridge and tooth. To avoid bone fenestration, the implants were placed labially inclined and emerged from the labial side of future restoration. Intra‐oral scanning and cone‐beam computed tomography were performed to record soft and hard tissue profiles at baseline and 1 year later. Soft tissue stability, bone remodeling, and pink esthetic score (PES) were evaluated and compared between two groups.Thirty‐nine participants (19 tests and 20 controls) completed the study. At 1‐year post‐surgery, the mid‐facial gingival margin migrations were 0.85 ± 0.37 mm (test) and 0.81 ± 0.33 mm (control), without significant differences. No differences were identified in buccal profile alteration, linear ridge reduction, buccal bone thickness, or PES scores. The test group demonstrated thinner buccal soft tissue at the crestal level than the control group.When large tooth‐ridge angulation presented, labially inclined implant, avoiding buccal ridge fenestration in IIPP with CTG, did not compromise the clinical outcome in short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This is a clinical study to compare immediate and staged impression methods in a complete digital workflow for single‐unit implants in the posterior area. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients requiring single‐unit implant crowns were enrolled. Forty patients were assigned to the test group, immediate digital impression after implant surgery with crown delivery 4 months later. The remaining 20 patients were assigned to the control group, staged digital impressions 4 months after implant surgery, and crown delivery 1 month later. Both workflows involved free‐model CAD‐CAM crown fabrications. The crowns were scanned before and after clinical adjustment using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS Color; 3Shape). Two 3D digital models were trimmed and superimposed to evaluate the dimensional changes using Geomagic Control software. Chairside times for the entire workflow were recorded. Kruskal–Wallis was performed to compare crown adjustments between two groups, while One‐way ANOVA was used to compare chairside time durations between the test and control groups. Results: All crowns were delivered without refabrication. The average maximum occlusion adjustment of crowns was −353.2 ± 207.1 μm in the test group and −212.7 ± 150.5 μm in the control group (p = 0.02). The average area of occlusal adjustment, measured as an area of deviation larger than 100 μm, was 14.8 ± 15.3 and 8.4 ± 8.1 mm2 in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.056). There were no significant differences in the mesial and distal contact adjustment amounts, or the maximum deviations of the proximal area, between the two groups. The mean chair‐side time was 50.25 ± 13.48 and 51.20 ± 5.34 min in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.763). Conclusions: The immediate impression method in the digital workflow for single‐unit implants required more occlusal adjustments of crowns but showed similar chairside times compared to the staged impression method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the features of and potential landmarks that predict crestal ridge remodeling after immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) with thin buccal plate phenotype in the anterior maxilla. Materials and methods: Patients requiring IIPP of single maxillary incisor with thin buccal bone plate (<1 mm) were recruited. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), performed before and 6 months after the intervention, were three‐dimensionally superimposed. A virtual line connecting the bony emergence points of adjacent teeth was drawn as a reference. The facial–coronal alveolar crest of the extraction socket and healed ridge were located in mesial, middle and distal cross‐sectional planes, and linear ridge reductions were measured. The correlation between ridge reduction and local factors was analyzed. Results: Fifty patients were included. From the extraction socket to healed ridge, the alveolar crest underwent linear bone reduction of 1.50 ± 0.50, 1.54 ± 0.66 and 1.65 ± 0.73 mm in the mesial, middle, and distal regions in an apical–palatal direction. The middle region had significantly higher horizontal (facial–palatal) but lower vertical (coronal–apical) bone reduction than the mesial and distal areas (P < 0.01). The facial–coronal ridge crest of the healed ridge located close to the reference line. Ridge reduction positively correlated with the distance between the initial facial–coronal crest of the extraction socket and the reference line (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Alveolar crest of the socket lost its curvature and tended to attain a flat profile after IIPP due to inconsistent ridge reduction in middle, mesial and distal areas. The reference line may be a potential landmark for predicting the ridge crest after remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) originated in tropical areas and is very sensitive to low temperatures. Cold acclimation is a universal strategy that improves plant resistance to cold stress. In this study, we report that heat shock induces cold acclimation in cucumber seedlings, via a process involving the heat‐shock transcription factor HSFA1d. CsHSFA1d expression was improved by both heat shock and cold treatment. Moreover, CsHSFA1d transcripts accumulated more under cold treatment after a heat‐shock pre‐treatment than with either heat shock or cold treatment alone. After exposure to cold, cucumber lines overexpressing CsHSFA1d displayed stronger tolerance for cold stress than the wild type, whereas CsHSFA1d knockdown lines obtained by RNA interference were more sensitive to cold stress. Furthermore, both the overexpression of CsHSFA1d and heat‐shock pre‐treatment increased the endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) content in cucumber seedlings after cold treatment. Exogenous application of JA rescued the cold‐sensitive phenotype of CsHSFA1d knockdown lines, underscoring that JA biosynthesis is key for CsHSFA1d‐mediated cold tolerance. Higher JA content is likely to lead to the degradation of CsJAZ5, a repressor protein of the JA pathway. We also established that CsJAZ5 interacts with CsICE1. JA‐induced degradation of CsJAZ5 would be expected to release CsICE1, which would then activate the ICE–CBF–COR pathway. After cold treatment, the relative expression levels of ICE–CBF–COR signaling pathway genes, such as CsICE1, CsCBF1, CsCBF2 and CsCOR1, in CsHSFA1d overexpression lines were significantly higher than in the wild type and knockdown lines. Taken together, our results help to reveal the mechanism underlying heat shock‐induced cold acclimation in cucumber. Significance Statement: Cold acclimation is a universal strategy that improves plant resistance to cold stress. In this study, we discovered that a heat‐shock pre‐treatment improves the tolerance of cucumber seedlings for low‐temperature stress, and that CsHSFA1d and JA play important roles in this cold acclimation process. Our results will help to reveal the mechanism underlying heat shock‐induced cold acclimation in cucumber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This is a clinical study to compare complete digital workflows generated using intraoral scanning and the split‐file technique with a conventional workflow for cement‐retained implant‐supported restorations. Materials and methods: Forty patients requiring posterior single‐unit implant restorations were included. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to the complete digital workflow group, involving intraoral scanning and manufacture of cement‐retained crowns using the split‐file technique (test group). The remaining 20 patients were assigned to the hybrid workflow group (control group), involving conventional impressions and CAD‐CAM fabricated crowns based on stone casts. Scanning of the crowns was performed before and after clinical adjustment using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS Color; 3Shape). Two 3D digital models were trimmed and superimposed to evaluate changes in dimensions using Geomagic Control 2014 software. Chair‐side and laboratory times for the entire workflow were recorded. Independent‐sample t tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: All crowns were inserted without refabrication. The average maximum occlusal adjustment of the crowns, measured as maximum deviation of occlusal area in superimposed pre and post scans, was −212.7 ± 150.5 and −330.7 ± 192.5 µm in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.037). The average area of occlusal adjustment, measured as area of deviation larger than 100 µm, was 8.4 ± 8.1 and 17.1 ± 12.3 mm2 in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.012). The mesial and distal contact adjustment amounts, maximum deviations of proximal area, were −33.0 ± 96.2 and −48.6 ± 70.5 µm in the test group, and −3.7 ± 66.7 µm and −11.4 ± 106.7 µm in the control group, respectively. The mean chair‐side time was 20.20 ± 3.00 and 26.65 ± 4.53 minutes in the test and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean laboratory time was 43.70 ± 5.56 and 84.55 ± 5.81 minutes in the test and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Single‐unit cement‐retained crowns with complete digital workflows required fewer crown adjustments and had shorter clinical and laboratory times compared to conventional impressions and hybrid workflows. Digital impressions and the split‐file technique provided customized abutments and cement‐retained crowns, thus broadening the indications for digital workflows for implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Original Article The facial–coronal ridge crest alterations after single immediate implant placement and provisionalization with thin buccal plate phenotype in anterior maxilla: A radiographic case‐series study by Chun Yi DMD et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13280. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving plant water‐use efficiency (WUE) is important to plant survival and crop yield in the context of water limitation. In this study, SlTLFP8 (Tubby‐like F‐box protein 8) was identified as an osmotic‐induced gene in tomato. Transgenic tomato with up‐regulated expression of SlTLFP8 showed enhanced water‐deficient resistance, whereas knockout mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 were more sensitive to water deficit. SlTLFP8 overexpression significantly enhanced WUE by suppressing transpiration under both water‐sufficient and water‐deficient conditions. Further study showed that overexpressing SlTLFP8 significantly increased leaf epidermal cell size and thereby decreased stomatal density 10–20%, conversely SlTLFP8 knockout resulted in decreased cell size and thereby increased stomatal density 20–50%. SlTLFP8 overexpression and knockout modulated ploidy levels in leaf cells. Changes in expression of cell cycle related genes also indicated that SlTLFP8 affected cell size and stomatal density through endocycle transition. Despite changes in stomata density and transpiration, altering the expression of SlTLFP8 did not change photosynthesis. Additionally, biomass was not altered and there was little difference in fruit yield for transgenic and wild type lines under water‐sufficient and water‐deficient conditions. Our results demonstrate the effect of SlTLFP8 on endoreduplication and the potential of SlTLFP8 for improvement of WUE. Brief Summery: This work found a new mechanism of TLP (Tubby like protein) response to water‐deficient stress. SlTLFP8, a member of TLP family, regulates water‐deficient resistance by modulating water loss via affecting stomatal density. Expression of SlTLFP8 was induced by osmotic stress. Transgenic tomato lines with SlTLFP8 overexpression or SlTLFP8 knockout showed significantly differences in water‐use efficiency (WUE) and water‐deficient resistance. The difference of leaf water loss caused by transpiration is the main explanation of the difference in WUE and water‐deficient resistance. Additionally, overexpressing SlTLFP8 significantly decreased stomatal density, while SlTLFP8 knockout resulted in increased stomatal density, and SlTLFP8 affected stomatal density through endoreduplication and altered epidermal cell size. Despite changes in stomata density, altering the expression of SlTLFP8 did not result in distinct changes in photosynthesis, biomass and yield of tomato. This work found a new mechanism of TLP (Tubby like protein) response to water‐deficient stress. SlTLFP8, a member of TLP family, regulates water‐deficient resistance by modulating water loss via affecting stomatal density. Expression of SlTLFP8 was induced by osmotic stress. Transgenic tomato lines with SlTLFP8 overexpression or SlTLFP8 knockout showed significantly differences in water‐use efficiency (WUE) and water‐deficient resistance. The difference of leaf water loss caused by transpiration is the main explanation of the difference in WUE and water‐deficient resistance. Additionally, overexpressing SlTLFP8 significantly decreased stomatal density, while SlTLFP8 knockout resulted in increased stomatal density, and SlTLFP8 affected stomatal density through endoreduplication and altered epidermal cell size. Despite changes in stomata density, altering the expression of SlTLFP8 did not result in distinct changes in photosynthesis, biomass and yield of tomato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]