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Zusammenfassung Vorliegender integrativer Review gibt einen systematischen Überblick über den internationalen Forschungsstand zum Thema „Health professionals’ beliefs“ unter Einbezug quantitativer und qualitativer Studien. Er untersucht die Glaubensüberzeugungen von Fachpersonen aus dem Gesundheitswesen, ihren Einfluss auf die berufliche Praxis und das Verständnis des Zusammenhanges von Glauben und Gesundheit. Eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken Google Scholar, PubMed und PsycINFO, ergab 32 Studien, die die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten und die spezifischen Fragestellungen aufgriffen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Relevanz von Glaubensüberzeugungen bei Gesundheitsfachpersonen und ihren Einfluss auf die berufliche Praxis. Die konkrete Umsetzung im beruflichen Alltag ist aber unterschiedlich ausgeprägt und bedarf eines weiteren Diskurses. Dabei müssen die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen in den Gesundheitseinrichtungen wie auch geeignete Aus-, Weiter- und Fortbildungsangebote thematisiert werden.

This study reports preliminary findings on the hypothesis that worldview can predict cardiovascular and cortisol responses to social stress. Based on theory and previous findings, we assumed that worldview security would provide a basis for stress resilience. Accordingly, religious and atheist individuals were expected to show higher stress resilience than spiritual and agnostic participants. Likewise, dimensional measures of religiosity and atheism were hypothesized to predict decreased, and existential search—indicating worldview insecurity—was hypothesized to predict increased physiological stress responses. Subjects included 50 university students who completed online questionnaires and took part in a standardized social stress test (Trier Social Stress Test). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), heart rate (HR), and salivary cortisol (SC) were assessed at baseline, immediately after stress testing, and during a forty-minute recovery period. Worldview comparisons revealed lower cardiovascular stress responses among religious than among atheist and spiritual participants and particularly high baseline SC among spiritual participants. Across the entire sample, existential search showed substantial positive correlations with SBP, HR, and SC stress parameters. The findings suggest that worldview security might partly explain the health benefits often associated with religion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10943-020-01008-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: Chronic pain is a complex, multidimensional experience. Spirituality is hypothesized to impact pain experience in various ways. Nevertheless, the role that spirituality plays in multimodal pain therapy remains controversial and, to date, quantitative data on whether and for which patients spiritual aspects should be considered in the treatment of chronic pain is lacking. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the proportion and characteristics of patients with chronic pain who wish spiritual aspects to be integrated in their treatment.Methods: Two hundred nine patients with chronic pain were recruited from five inpatient departments and outpatient clinics in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. Patients filled out validated questionnaires, such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Resilience Scale (RS-11), the Spiritual and Religious Attitudes in Dealing with Illness (SpREUK), and the 12-item Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12).Results: More than 60% (CI95%: 55.5–67.9%) of the patients wanted to address spiritual aspects in their treatment. These patients were significantly younger, had higher levels of education, and suffered from more frequent and more severe pain than patients who did not wish to address spiritual aspects. Furthermore, there were high correlations with existing spiritual resources and higher scores of spirituality.Conclusions: These results confirm that the majority of chronic pain patients wish spiritual aspects to be considered in their treatment. Additionally, the finding that these patients had more spiritual resources underlines the importance of integrating spiritual aspects in a resource-oriented, patient-centered care approach for this condition.

Background In order to facilitate better international and cross-cultural comparisons of health professionals (HPs) attitudes towards Religiosity and/or Spirituality (R/S) using individual participant data meta-analysis we updated the NERSH Data Pool. Methods We performed both a network search, a citation search and systematic literature searches to find new surveys. Results We found six new surveys (N=1,068), and the complete data pool ended up comprising 7,323 observations, including 4,070 females and 3,253 males. Most physicians (83%, N=3,700) believed that R/S had “some” influence on their patients’ health (CI95%) (81.8%–84.2%). Similarly, nurses (94%, N=1,020) shared such a belief (92.5%–95.5%). Across all samples 649 (16%; 14.9%–17.1%) physicians reported to have undergone formal R/S-training, compared with nurses where this was 264 (23%; 20.6%–25.4%). Conclusions Preliminary analysis indicates that HPs believe R/S to be important for patient health but lack formal R/S-training. Findings are discussed. We find the data pool suitable as a base for future cross-cultural comparisons using individual participant data meta-analysis.

The amount of research concerned with the values of health professionals (HPs) is steadily growing. Around the world HPs face similar challenges when patients express their existential and spiritual views. How HPs engage these views, and the degree of embedment into consultations, differ across cultures. Today, more than ever before, researchers in this field need to share experiences and build new knowledge upon local findings. To meet this demand, we founded the international collaboration "Network for Research on Spirituality and Health" ( https://NERSH.org ). One of the central projects of our network has been to build a large international data pool of health professionals' attitudes toward religiosity and spirituality. Today the data pool hosts answers from more than 6,000 health professionals from 17 separate surveys derived from 12 countries. Data were gathered by either the questionnaire "Religion and Spirituality in Medicine, Perspectives of Physicians" (RSMPP) or its successor 'NERSH Questionnaire'. In this article we describe the methodology behind the construction of the data pool. We also present an overview of five available scales related to HP religiosity and spirituality, including a description of scale reliability and dimensionality.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the beliefs, opinions, and experiences of medical students from a Catholic confessional university concerning spirituality in medical practice. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a sample of 323 undergraduate students, of which 162 were in their first two years of their studies and 161 in the final two years. A validated questionnaire consisting of 58 questions was applied. Although the spiritual dimension was recognized as important for patient care, 95% of students were not familiar with spiritual and religious issues. Advanced students reported that they had not received adequate training in this area. Therefore, this topic should be included in the medical curriculum, preferably in the first years.

The amount of research concerned with the values of health professionals (HPs) is steadily growing. Around the world HPs face similar challenges when patients express their existential and spiritual views. How HPs engage these views, and the degree of embedment into consultations, differ across cultures. Today, more than ever before, researchers in this field need to share experiences and build new knowledge upon local findings. To meet this demand, we founded the international collaboration "Network for Research on Spirituality and Health" ( https://NERSH.org ). One of the central projects of our network has been to build a large international data pool of health professionals' attitudes toward religiosity and spirituality. Today the data pool hosts answers from more than 6,000 health professionals from 17 separate surveys derived from 12 countries. Data were gathered by either the questionnaire "Religion and Spirituality in Medicine, Perspectives of Physicians" (RSMPP) or its successor 'NERSH Questionnaire'. In this article we describe the methodology behind the construction of the data pool. We also present an overview of five available scales related to HP religiosity and spirituality, including a description of scale reliability and dimensionality.

Zusammenfassung. Obwohl das Thema Religiosität und Spiritualität (R/S) in der Medizin immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt, wurden die religiösen Haltungen von Ärzten und ihre Auswirkungen auf die ethische Entscheidungsfindung in der Schweiz bisher kaum untersucht. Die vorliegende Studie evaluiert deshalb den Einfluss von R/S auf die Einstellung von Ärzten gegenüber ethisch umstrittenen medizinischen Fragen. Die Resultate zeigen, dass religiöse Ärzte mehr Vorbehalte in Bezug auf ärztlich assistierten Suizid, Schwangerschaftsabbruch und dem Verschreiben von Verhütungsmitteln an Minderjährige haben. Eine weitere Analyse belegt zudem konfessionelle Unterschiede: Evangelikale Ärzte haben mehr Vorbehalte, gefolgt von katholischen und protestantischen Ärzten.

BACKGROUND: Religiosity and/or spirituality (R/S) of physicians have been reported to inform behavior regarding religiosity and spirituality in clinical practice (R/S-B). Our aim was to study this association.METHODS: Building upon a large international data pool of physician values we performed network and systematic literature searches using Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo. Measures for R/S and R/S-B were selected for comparability with existing research. We performed a two-stage IPDMA using R/S coefficients from sample-wise multiple regression analyses as summary measures. We controlled for age, gender, and medical specialty. An additional sub-analysis compared psychiatrists to non-psychiatrists.RESULTS: We found 11 eligible surveys from 8 countries (n = 3159). We found a positive association between R/S and R/S-B with an overall R/S coefficient of 0.65 (0.48-0.83). All samples revealed a positive association between R/S and R/S-B. Only 2 out of the 11 samples differed from the overall confidence interval. Psychiatrists had a higher degree of R/S-B, but associations with R/S did not differ compared to non-psychiatrists.CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed a significant association between R/S and R/S-B in this study. Despite large cultural differences between samples, coefficients remained almost constant when controlling for confounders, indicating a cultural independent effect of R/S on R/S-B, which to our knowledge has not been documented before.Such interaction can constitute both facilitators and barriers for high quality health care and should be considered in all aspects of patient and relationship-centered medicine.

(Tradução do artigo "Integrating Religion and Spirituality into Mental Health Care, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy", por Hartmut August e Pedro Luís Tiso Santos) A integração da espiritualidade no cuidado com a saúde mental, com a psiquiatria e a psicologia ainda é algo controverso, apesar de um crescente corpo de evidências estar mostrando os efeitos benéficos e a real necessidade de tal integração. Em minha análise eu resumo pesquisas antigas e recentes, assim como evidências da prática clínica de nossa clínica em Langenthal/Suíça.Coping religioso é altamente presente entre pacientes com desordens psiquiátricas. Pesquisas indicam que 70-80% usam de crenças religiosas ou espirituais e atividades para lidar com dificuldades diárias e frustrações. A religião ajuda os pacientes a melhorar o ajustamento emocional e manter a esperança, os propósitos e o sentido. Os pacientes enfatizam que servir a um propósito além deles mesmos pode tornar possível viver com algo que, de outra maneiram, seria insustentável.Programas que incorporaram com sucesso a espiritualidade na prática clínica, são descritos e discutidos. Estudos indicam que o resultado da psicoterapia em pacientes religiosos pode ser incrementado ao integrar-se elementos religiosos no protocolo terapêuticos e que isso pode ser feito com sucesso por terapeutas religiosos ou não.

Das Credo von George L. Engel bekommt im Kontext von Spiritual Care neue Bedeutung. 42 Jahre nach der historischen Publikation Engels stellt sich erneut die Frage nach einer Erweiterung des medizinischen Modells. Auch die spirituelle ­Dimension soll berucksichtigt und in ein umfassendes Behandlungsmodell integriert werden.

Die Qualitat der therapeutischen Beziehung ist einer der starksten Pradiktoren fur das Therapieergebnis. Spirituelle und religiose Merkmale konnten potentielle Ressourcen fur die Therapie darstellen.

The prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases such as smoking, alcohol abuse, low fruit and vegetable consumption, and lack of physical activity is high among young adults. Health behaviours are influenced by many factors and also by religious orientation, as American studies show. The aim of the present study was to explore whether a similar association with religion exists in Austria (Europe). A cross-sectional survey was carried out in seven randomly selected high schools, whereby a total of 225 11th-grade pupils (64% girls, 36% boys; average age 16.4 years) were surveyed by means of an online questionnaire. The study reveals a positive association between religion and healthy food choices as well as meal patterns. Smoking (number of cigarettes smoked daily) and alcohol consumption (getting drunk) was negatively associated with religion. These negative associations remained after adjusting for confounding factors using logistic regression analysis. Thus, the study showed that religion is associated with a reduction in these risky health behaviours in Austrian high school pupils. However, due to the limitations of the study design, causality cannot be inferred.

Ist das Gebet eine „applizierbare Therapiemethode“? Soll der Patient selbst beten oder beten lassen? Einige wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu diesem umstrittenen Thema liegen jetzt vor. Die Ergebnisse reichen von einer Symptomverbesserung bis hin zum Furbittegebet als Risikofaktor. Aber es gibt auch kritische Einwande.

Die Beschaftigung mit spirituellen Bedurfnissen von Patienten gehort nicht zum ublichen arztlichen Aufgabengebiet. Doch kann dieser Aspekt einfach auf die Klinikseelsorge abgeschoben werde? Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass Patienten mit ihrem Arzt auch uber existentielle Fragen sprechen mochten.