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1. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author: Javier Silva Espejo, Kuo-Jung Chao, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, René G. A. Boot, Lourens Poorter, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ana Andrade, Ted R. Feldpausch, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Yadvinder Malhi, Jon Lloyd, Joey Talbot, Jérôme Chave, José Luís Camargo, Paulo S. Morandi, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Adriana Prieto, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Timothy R. Baker, Julio Serrano, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Haiyan Liu, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Marisol Toledo, Agustín Rudas, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Juliana Stropp, Christopher Baraloto, Luzmila Arroyo, Simon L. Lewis, Thomas A. M. Pugh, James Singh, Roderick Zagt, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Lilian Blanc, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Terry L. Erwin, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Anthony Di Fiore, Peter van der Hout, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Frans Bongers, Niro Higuchi, William F. Laurance, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Sophie Fauset, Hans ter Steege, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, Emanuel Gloor, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Susan G. Laurance, Foster Brown, Marcos Silveira, Jorcely Barroso, Natalino Silva, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Jeanne Houwing-Duistermaat, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Rafael Herrera, Victor Chama Moscoso, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Guido Pardo, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Wendeson Castro, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Carlos A. Quesada, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Pieter A. Zuidema, Aurora Levesley, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, Julie Peacock, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Aurélie Dourdain, Georgia Pickavance, Casimiro Mendoza, Marielos Peña-Claros, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Benoit Burban, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Patrick Meir, Michel Baisie, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, John Pipoly, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Damien Bonal, and Esteban Alvarez Dávila
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Vegetation, Amazon rainforest, Science, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Mode (statistics), General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, PE&RC, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Geography, Statistics, Life Science, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Dead tree, Tree (set theory), Vegetatie
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in Table 2, where the number of individuals in the “All Amazonia” row was reported as 11,6431 instead of 116,431. Also, the original version of this Article contained an error in the Methods, where the R2 for the proportion of broken/uprooted dead trees increase per year was reported as 0.12, the correct value being 0.06. The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Gerardo A. Aymard C. with UNELLEZGuanare, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela Compensation International Progress S.A. Ciprogress–Greenlife.
Published: 2021

2. Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author: Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Marisol Toledo, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, José Luís Camargo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Georgia Pickavance, Pieter A. Zuidema, Christopher Baraloto, Javier Silva Espejo, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Simon L. Lewis, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, René G. A. Boot, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Lourens Poorter, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Benoit Burban, Carlos A. Quesada, Kuo-Jung Chao, Casimiro Mendoza, Hans ter Steege, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Paulo S. Morandi, Adriana Prieto, Juliana Stropp, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, James Singh, Jon Lloyd, Timothy R. Baker, Jérôme Chave, Ana Andrade, Patrick Meir, Roderick Zagt, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Joey Talbot, Marielos Peña-Claros, Luzmila Arroyo, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Frans Bongers, Michel Baisie, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Julio Serrano, Raquel Thomas, Aurora Levesley, Emanuel Gloor, Julie Peacock, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Jeanne Houwing-Duistermaat, Timothy J. Killeen, Yadvinder Malhi, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Natalino Silva, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Jorcely Barroso, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, William F. Laurance, Guido Pardo, James A. Comiskey, Agustín Rudas, Sophie Fauset, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Rafael Herrera, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Victor Chama Moscoso, Ted R. Feldpausch, Aurélie Dourdain, Damien Bonal, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Terry L. Erwin, Lilian Blanc, Anthony Di Fiore, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Haiyan Liu, Vincent A. Vos, Foster Brown, Roel J. W. Brienen, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Niro Higuchi, John Pipoly, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Peter van der Hout, University of Leeds, Plymouth University, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), University of Plymouth, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Esquivel-Muelbert A., Phillips O.L., Brienen R.J.W., Fauset S., Sullivan M.J.P., Baker T.R., Chao K.-J., Feldpausch T.R., Gloor E., Higuchi N., Houwing-Duistermaat J., Lloyd J., Liu H., Malhi Y., Marimon B., Marimon Junior B.H., Monteagudo-Mendoza A., Poorter L., Silveira M., Torre E.V., Davila E.A., del Aguila Pasquel J., Almeida E., Loayza P.A., Andrade A., Aragao L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami A., Arets E., Arroyo L., Aymard C G.A., Baisie M., Baraloto C., Camargo P.B., Barroso J., Blanc L., Bonal D., Bongers F., Boot R., Brown F., Burban B., Camargo J.L., Castro W., Moscoso V.C., Chave J., Comiskey J., Valverde F.C., da Costa A.L., Cardozo N.D., Di Fiore A., Dourdain A., Erwin T., Llampazo G.F., Vieira I.C.G., Herrera R., Honorio Coronado E., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I., Jimenez-Rojas E., Killeen T., Laurance S., Laurance W., Levesley A., Lewis S.L., Ladvocat K.L.L.M., Lopez-Gonzalez G., Lovejoy T., Meir P., Mendoza C., Morandi P., Neill D., Nogueira Lima A.J., Vargas P.N., de Oliveira E.A., Camacho N.P., Pardo G., Peacock J., Pena-Claros M., Penuela-Mora M.C., Pickavance G., Pipoly J., Pitman N., Prieto A., Pugh T.A.M., Quesada C., Ramirez-Angulo H., de Almeida Reis S.M., Rejou-Machain M., Correa Z.R., Bayona L.R., Rudas A., Salomao R., Serrano J., Espejo J.S., Silva N., Singh J., Stahl C., Stropp J., Swamy V., Talbot J., ter Steege H., Terborgh J., Thomas R., Toledo M., Torres-Lezama A., Gamarra L.V., van der Heijden G., van der Meer P., van der Hout P., Martinez R.V., Vieira S.A., Cayo J.V., Vos V., Zagt R., Zuidema P., Galbraith D., University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chemistry(all), Software_GENERAL, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, General Physics and Astronomy, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Amazonegebied, Carbon sink, Trees, Growth–survival trade-off, Risk Factors, Tropical climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, lcsh:Science, Biomass (ecology), GE, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Bomen, Mortality rate, food and beverages, risk factors, mortality, trees, PE&RC, Tropical ecology, Tree (data structure), population characteristics, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS, Brazil, geographic locations, GE Environmental Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Carbon Sequestration, Science, Physics and Astronomy(all), Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Tree mortality, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Amazonia, Tropische bossen, parasitic diseases, Forest ecology, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecosystem, Author Correction, Vegetatie, Proportional Hazards Models, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), DAS, social sciences, General Chemistry, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Sterfte, lcsh:Q, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800 species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees are as likely to die standing as they are broken or uprooted—modes of death with different ecological consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin. In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic distributional patterns also predict the risk of death, suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree death but large-scale evidence for the overarching importance of the growth–survival trade-off in driving tropical tree mortality., Tree mortality has been shown to be the dominant control on carbon storage in Amazon forests, but little is known of how and why Amazon forest trees die. Here the authors analyse a large Amazon-wide dataset, finding that fast-growing species face greater mortality risk, but that slower-growing individuals within a species are more likely to die, regardless of size.
Published: 2020
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3. Evolutionary diversity is associated with wood productivity in Amazonian forests

Author: Roderick Zagt, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Jorcely Barroso, Kyle G. Dexter, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Luis E.O.C. Aragao, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Rafael Herrera, José Luís Camargo, Adriana Prieto, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Martin J. P. Sullivan, David W. Galbraith, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Fernando Cornejo-Valverde, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ima Célia-Vieira, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Timothy J. Killeen, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Freddy Ramirez, Hans ter Steege, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Jérôme Chave, Timothy R. Baker, Natalino Silva, Olaf Bánki, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, R. Toby Pennington, Georgia Pickavance, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Ana Andrade, René G. A. Boot, Anand Roopsind, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Casimiro Mendoza, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Pipoly, John Terborgh, Yadvinder Malhi, Rodolfo Vasquez, William F. Laurance, Átila Alves, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Martin Gilpin, Wendeson Castro, Agustín Rudas, Emanuel Gloor, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Juliana Stropp, Ted R. Feldpausch, Lourens Poorter, Anthony Di Fiore, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Rosa C. Goodman, Danilo M. Neves, Foster Brown, Niro Higuchi, Oliver L. Phillips, Vincent A. Vos, James Singh, Álvaro Cogollo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Christopher Baraloto, Iêda Leão do Amaral, L. Arroyo, Chercheur indépendant, Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Department of Biology, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Tropenbos International (TBI), Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jardín Botánico de Medellín, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Edinburgh, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Dept Environm Sci & Policy, George Mason University, School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Duke University [Durham], Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Missouri Botanical Garden, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, Forests, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Produccion, 03 medical and health sciences, Amazonía, Life Science, Ecosystem, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Vegetatie, 030304 developmental biology, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Diversidad, Tropical Climate, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Vegetation, Ecology, technology, industry, and agriculture, Species diversity, Edaphic, 15. Life on land, respiratory system, PE&RC, Bosque, Wood, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Madera, Phylogenetic diversity, Productivity (ecology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Species richness, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, human activities
Abstract: Higher levels of taxonomic and evolutionary diversity are expected to maximize ecosystem function, yet their relative importance in driving variation in ecosystem function at large scales in diverse forests is unknown. Using 90 inventory plots across intact, lowland, terra firme, Amazonian forests and a new phylogeny including 526 angiosperm genera, we investigated the association between taxonomic and evolutionary metrics of diversity and two key measures of ecosystem function: aboveground wood productivity and biomass storage. While taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity were not important predictors of variation in biomass, both emerged as independent predictors of wood productivity. Amazon forests that contain greater evolutionary diversity and a higher proportion of rare species have higher productivity. While climatic and edaphic variables are together the strongest predictors of productivity, our results show that the evolutionary diversity of tree species in diverse forest stands also influences productivity. As our models accounted for wood density and tree size, they also suggest that additional, unstudied, evolutionarily correlated traits have significant effects on ecosystem function in tropical forests. Overall, our pan-Amazonian analysis shows that greater phylogenetic diversity translates into higher levels of ecosystem function: tropical forest communities with more distantly related taxa have greater wood productivity.
Published: 2019
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4. Seasonal drought limits tree species across the Neotropics

Author: Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Jorcely Barroso, Kyle G. Dexter, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Miguel Alexiaides, Victor Chama Moscoso, Corine Vriesendorp, Marcos Silveira, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Kenneth R. Young, Timothy J. Killeen, Sonia Palacios, Milton Aulestia, Todd S. Fredericksen, Ligia E. Urrego, César I.A. Vela, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Ted R. Feldpausch, René G. A. Boot, Alfonso Alonso, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Nállarett Dávila, Carlos A. Quesada, Therany Gonzales, Alejandro Araujo Murakami, Milton Tirado, Rodrigo Sierra, Patricio von Hildebrand, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Nigel C. A. Pitman, William Nauray, Simon L. Lewis, Fernando Cornejo, Yadvinder Malhi, Georgia Pickavance, Douglas C. Daly, María Natalia Umaña, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Juliana Stropp, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Francisco Dallmeier, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Terry L. Erwin, Henrik Balslev, Casimiro Mendoza, Anthony Di Fiore, Marielos Peña-Claros, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Pablo R. Stevenson, Ángela Cano, Ophelia Wang, Charles E. Zartman, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Marisol Toledo, Hugo Mogollón, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Álvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Luzmila Arroyo, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, James A. Comiskey, Hans ter Steege, Timothy R. Baker, Juan Fernando Phillips, Rojas Eliana Maria Jiménez, Peter M. Jørgensen, Zorayda Restrepo, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Manuel Ahuite, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Julie Peacock, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Tropenbos International, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, RAPID DIVERSIFICATION, Range (biology), TROPICAL FORESTS, Biodiversity, Climate change, Biology, AMAZONIAN FORESTS, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Water Stress, SOUTH-AMERICA, Population Distribution, Plant Community, Tropical Forest, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Precipitation, Neotropical Region, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, METACOMMUNITY STRUCTURE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Data Set, Drought, Ecology, Tropics, Species Diversity, Seasonal Variation, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK, Forest Canopy, GLOBAL LAND AREAS, RAIN-FOREST TREES, Species Richness, Species richness, Global biodiversity
Abstract: Within the tropics, the species richness of tree communities is strongly and positively associated with precipitation. Previous research has suggested that this macroecological pattern is driven by the negative effect of water-stress on the physiological processes of most tree species. This implies that the range limits of taxa are defined by their ability to occur under dry conditions, and thus in terms of species distributions predicts a nested pattern of taxa distribution from wet to dry areas. However, this ‘dry-tolerance’ hypothesis has yet to be adequately tested at large spatial and taxonomic scales. Here, using a dataset of 531 inventory plots of closed canopy forest distributed across the western Neotropics we investigated how precipitation, evaluated both as mean annual precipitation and as the maximum climatological water deficit, influences the distribution of tropical tree species, genera and families. We find that the distributions of tree taxa are indeed nested along precipitation gradients in the western Neotropics. Taxa tolerant to seasonal drought are disproportionally widespread across the precipitation gradient, with most reaching even the wettest climates sampled; however, most taxa analysed are restricted to wet areas. Our results suggest that the ‘dry tolerance' hypothesis has broad applicability in the world's most species-rich forests. In addition, the large number of species restricted to wetter conditions strongly indicates that an increased frequency of drought could severely threaten biodiversity in this region. Overall, this study establishes a baseline for exploring how tropical forest tree composition may change in response to current and future environmental changes in this region. © 2016 The Authors
Published: 2016
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5. Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

Author: Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Georgia Pickavance, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Wendeson Castro, Julie Peacock, Emilio Vilanova, Julien Engel, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Raquel Thomas, José Luís Camargo, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Lan Qie, Jon Lloyd, Carlos A. Quesada, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Jérôme Chave, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, William F. Laurance, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Sophie Fauset, Hans ter Steege, Vincent A. Vos, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Pascal Petronelli, Damien Bonal, Roel J. W. Brienen, César I.A. Vela, Christopher Baraloto, Javier Silva Espejo, Niro Higuchi, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Simon L. Lewis, Timothy R. Baker, Fernando Elias, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Marielos Peña-Claros, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Wannes Hubau, Adriana Prieto, Ted R. Feldpausch, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Natalino Silva, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Yadvinder Malhi, Jorcely Barroso, Kyle G. Dexter, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Marisol Toledo, Terry L. Erwin, Anthony Di Fiore, Victor Chama Moscoso, Oliver L. Phillips, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Clément Stahl, Jos Barlow, Bruno Hérault, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Pieter A. Zuidema, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Peter van der Hout, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Paulo S. Morandi, Guido Pardo, René G. A. Boot, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, James Singh, Agustín Rudas, Luzmila Arroyo, Peter J. van de Meer, Lourens Poorter, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Frans Bongers, Emanuel Gloor, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Juliana Stropp, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, University of Leeds, School of Geography [Leeds], Imperial College London, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Fundación Con-Vida, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, The Royal Society, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Tropical forests, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, adaptation aux changements climatiques, forêt tropicale, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, traits, CARBON STORAGE, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Climate change, Primary Research Article, functional traits, skin and connective tissue diseases, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, GE, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, PE&RC, Geography, climate change, NEOTROPICAL FOREST, GROWTH, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Functional traits, Communauté végétale, GE Environmental Sciences, VEGETATION DYNAMICS, F40 - Écologie végétale, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, bioclimatic niches, DROUGHT SENSITIVITY, Tropical Forest, Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Temporal Variation, Bois tropical, Vegetatie, Changement climatique, Science & Technology, Bioclimatic niches, Composition botanique, Brasil, Water, 15. Life on land, 06 Biological Sciences, Floristics, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, biodiversité forestière, functional, Season, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Physiology, WOOD DENSITY, Biodiversity & Conservation, 05 Environmental Sciences, DIVERSITY, Bibliomatic niches, Tropic Climate, Trees, Environmental Science(all), Dry season, Tropical climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Lowland Environment, Tropial forests, tropical forests, Bioclimatology, PERVASIVE ALTERATION, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Funtional traits, Classification, Biodiversity Conservation, Seasons, TREE COMMUNITIES, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Brazil, Tree, Temporal trends, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Amazonia, Niche, Environmental Chemistry, Forest, Compositional shifts, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Tropics, DAS, Carbon Dioxide, Primary Research Articles, Climatic change, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, sense organs, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dioxyde de carbone, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Funding Information: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Grant/Award Number: NE/ N004655/1; NERC Consortium Grants “AMAZONICA”; BIO‐RED; European Research Council (ERC); The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/ Award Number: 282664; Royal Society, Grant/Award Number: CH160091; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate-induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long-term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water-deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large-statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry-affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet-affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry-affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate-change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole-community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large-statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change. Publisher PDF
Published: 2018
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6. Diverse local regulatory responses to a new forestry regime in forest communities in the Bolivian Amazon

Author: Pieter A. Zuidema, Walter Cano Cardona, René G. A. Boot, and Wil de Jong
Subjects: Resource (biology), decentralization, Geography, Planning and Development, Forest management, enforcement, Legislation, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Collective action, Property rights, Decentralization, Economics, Forest governance, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Nature and Landscape Conservation, india, Forestry, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Devolution, Community forestry, governance, Common-pool resources institutions, systems, management
Abstract: Over the last decade, important land and forest governance reforms have taken place in many tropical countries, including the devolution of ownership rights over land and forests, decentralization that created mechanisms for forest dwellers to participate in decision making in lowest tiers of governments. These reforms have resulted in an intensive academic debate on governance and management of forests and how actors should be involved. An important but understudied element in this debate is the ways in which communities cope with new legislation and responsibilities. Property rights bestowed by the government leave many aspects undecided and require that local forest users devise principles of access and allocation and establish authority to control those processes. We studied 16 communities in the northern Bolivian Amazon to evaluate how forest communities develop and control local rules for resource access and use. We found that the first requirement to community rule design, enforcement, and effective forest management is the opportunity to, and equity of, access to forest resources among members. Under the newly imposed forestry regulations, communities took matters in their own hands and designed more specific rules, rights and obligations of how community members could and should use economically important resources. The cases suggest that communities hold and maintain capacity to prepare their own ownership arrangements and related rules, even if they are strongly conditioned by the regulatory reforms. Very specific local histories, that may differ from community to community, influence strongly how specific ideas are being shaped, which in northern Bolivia resulted in notable local differences. The results suggest that new regulatory regimes should create appropriate conditions for communities to define adequate or at least convenient forestry institutions that assure an acceptable level of collective coexistence according to each particular communal history.
Published: 2014
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7. The New Face of Debt-Peonage in the Bolivian Amazon: Social Networks and Bargaining Instruments

Author: Wil de Jong, Pieter A. Zuidema, René G. A. Boot, and Walter Cano Cardona
Subjects: Economic growth, Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Land reforms, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Diversification (marketing strategy), state, Market economy, food, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Debt, Habilito, Economics, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest policy reforms, media_common, rubber boom, Ecology, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Social relation, food.food, Community forestry, Work (electrical), Anthropology, Capital (economics), Workforce, Barraca, forest communities, Brazil nuts, Brazil nut
Abstract: The debt-peonage system is an agreement between patrons and laborers in different economic activities worldwide. A common feature is social exploitation of laborers that generate profits to the patrons. In recent literature it has been argued that debt-peonage can be an economically sound arrangement that secures the needs of actors. The paper evaluates to what extent traditionally strong debt-peonage in forest-dwelling communities in the Bolivian Amazon, has developed in a way that better secures the needs and economic interest of multiple actors. Case studies in sixteen communities yielded qualitative information on debt relations between peasants, traders and former patrons. Debt-peonage changed from a mechanism to provide and keep workforce indebted to new social relationships, equitable commercial links, opportunity to access work capital and production chain diversification. This rapid shift was caused by important changes in land and forest regulations.
Published: 2014
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8. Benefits for multiple ecosystem services in Peruvian coffee agroforestry systems without reducing yield

Author: Pita A. Verweij, Rosalien E. Jezeer, René G. A. Boot, Maria José Santos, and Yann Clough
Subjects: Trade-offs, Arabica coffee, Monitoring, Yield (finance), Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Biodiversity, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Butterfly species richness, Taverne, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Planning and Development, Global and Planetary Change, Geography, Policy and Law, Ecology, Agroforestry, business.industry, 021107 urban & regional planning, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Management, Carbon storage, Agriculture, Butterfly, Environmental science, Species richness, Soil fertility, Shade and input management, business
Abstract: Crop production often comes at the expense of losses in ecosystem services and biodiversity; however, this might not always be the case. Here we test the effects of shade gradients and agricultural inputs on trade-offs or synergies between coffee yield and ecosystem services and biodiversity data for smallholder coffee plantations of Arabica coffee in Peru. We collected data using surveys (n = 162 farmers) and field sampling (n = 62 farms) and modelled the relationship between coffee yield, butterfly species richness and carbon storage, accounting for soil fertility and yield losses to pests and diseases. We found that both carbon and forest butterfly species richness were higher in plantations with more shade, and with no reduction in coffee yields with increasing shade. There were no significant correlations between coffee yield, forest butterfly species richness and carbon storage. Use of agricultural inputs, especially fertilizers, was highest in sites with low coffee yield, but was not related with either forest butterfly species richness or carbon. The lack of trade-offs between yield, forest butterfly species richness and carbon, and their relationships with shade and agricultural inputs suggest that it is possible to manage coffee agroforests to simultaneously provide multiple ecosystem services without reducing coffee yields.
Published: 2019
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9. Conservation Science and Practice Must Engage With the Realities of Complex Tropical Landscapes

Author: Helen Jeans, James Reed, Jerry van Dijk, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono, Frans Bongers, René G. A. Boot, Harko Koster, Josh van Vianen, Pieter A. Zuidema, Jeffrey Sayer, Terry Sunderland, Marijke van Kuijk, Esther Turnhout, Sub Algemeen Biologie, Environmental Sciences, and Sub Ecology and Biodiversity
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, tropical landscapes, international conservation policies, WASS, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, Local policy, Politics, Political science, applied conservation science, Conservation science, Bos- en Natuurbeleid, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Adaptation (computer science), Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Simple (philosophy), Ecology, conservation impact, integrated landscape conservation, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, forest science–policy disconnects, Key (cryptography)
Abstract: There is a growing disconnect between the international conferences where grand solutions for tropical conservation are designed and the complex local realities in tropical landscapes where plans need to be implemented. Every tropical landscape is different and no “one size will fit all.” There is a tendency for global processes to prescribe simple generalized solutions that provide good sound bites that can be communicated with political actors and the media. Sustainable outcomes in tropical landscapes require locally adapted, unique approaches supported by long-term processes of learning and adaptation. Tropical biologists and conservationists can play a key role by establishing effective local–global links and by directly engaging in local policy discourses while remaining connected to evolving political imperatives.
Published: 2018
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10. Participatory mapping to identify indigenous community use zones: Implications for conservation planning in southern Suriname

Author: Pita A. Verweij, Sara O.I. Ramirez-Gomez, René G. A. Boot, and Greg Brown
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, In situ conservation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Landscape ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Indigenous, Ecosystem services, Participatory mapping, valorisation, Cultural diversity, Taverne, Land tenure, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Indigenous conservation, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Community use zones, Livelihood, Geography, Collaborative governance, business
Abstract: Large-scale development projects often overlap forest areas that support the livelihoods of indigenous peoples, threatening in situ conservation strategies for the protection of biological and cultural diversity. To address this problem, there is a need to integrate spatially-explicit information on ecosystem services into conservation planning. We present an approach for identifying conservation areas necessary to safeguard the provision of important ecosystem services for indigenous communities. "Community use zones" (CUZs) were generated using participatory mapping methods that identify place values indicating significant hotspots for ecosystem services. Using principles from landscape ecology, these areas are buffered to provide connectivity and to delineate ecosystem service delivery areas. We demonstrate the use of CUZs for five villages in southern Suriname (n = 191 participants) to inform the South Suriname Conservation Corridor project. The mapped data reveal overlapping hotspots for different ecosystem services depicting multifunctional landscapes that provide an empirical foundation for delineating CUZs. In the absence of legal and traditional land rights for indigenous people, CUZs based on the provision of ecosystem services provide a defensible, spatially explicit approach for integrating indigenous needs into regional conservation plans in southern Suriname. We discuss the utility of CUZ maps for promoting land tenure and security and as a basis for collaborative governance in indigenous and community-conserved areas (ICCAs).
Published: 2016

11. Regeneration of timber trees in a logged tropical forest in North Bolivia

Author: Miguel Ulloa Ulloa, René G. A. Boot, H.M.P.J.B. (Jacaranda) van Rheenen, and Marinus J. A. Werger
Subjects: biology, Ecology, Logging, Forest management, Tachigali, Forestry, Rainforest, Understory, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, biology.organism_classification, Cedrela odorata, Swietenia macrophylla, Hymenaea courbaril, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: For sustainable forest management, it is important to know the response of timber species to the change in environment caused by logging. We performed a 2-year study on germination, survival and growth of four timber species, Cedrela odorata, Swietenia macrophylla, Hymenaea courbaril, and Cariniana micrantha, and one non-commercial species Tachigali vasquezii. We sowed seeds of these species in five microenvironments: log landing, gap-crown and gap-trunk, skidder trail and understory, in a tropical lowland moist rain forest in northern Bolivia. We related seed and seedling performance to light availability, soil compaction, and plant competition. Germination did not differ significantly between microenvironments but survival of germinated seeds for most species was significantly higher (P
Published: 2004
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12. Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon cycling

Author: Elodie Allie, José Luís Camargo, Kalle Ruokolainen, Jérôme Chave, Ana Andrade, Luzmila Arroyo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Hans ter Steege, Nikée Groot, Juliana Schietti, Adriana Prieto, Carolina Levis, Miguel Alexiades, Roderick Zagt, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Abel Monteagudo M, René G. A. Boot, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Juan Carlos Licona, Julien Engel, Raquel Thomas, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Eric Arets, Marielos Peña-Claros, Jorcely Barroso, Rafael Herrera, Joey Talbot, Michelle O. Johnson, Ben-Hur Marimon Junior, Carlos Cerón, Timothy J. Killeen, Flávia R. C. Costa, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Priscila Souza, Peter van der Hout, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, William F. Laurance, Yadvinder Malhi, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Damien Bonal, Pascal Petronelli, Sophie Fauset, John Pipoly, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Aurélie Dourdain, Bruno Hérault, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Georgia Pickavance, Victor Chama Moscoso, Adriane Esquivel Muelbert, Zorayda Restrepo, Timothy R. Baker, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Alfredo Alarcón, Paulo S. Morandi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Marc K. Steininger, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Carlos A. Quesada, Christopher Baraloto, Robyn J. Burnham, Simon L. Lewis, Manuel Gloor, Marco Bruno Xavier Valadão, Ted R. Feldpausch, Agustín Rudas, Ophelia Wang, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Terry L. Erwin, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Anthony Di Fiore, Lourens Poorter, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Marisol Toledo, Juliana Stropp, Basil Stergios, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Julie Peacock, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, University of Leeds, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), University of Exeter, University of Oxford [Oxford], Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Utrecht University [Utrecht], The Field Museum, Duke University [Durham], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), James Cook University (JCU), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Turku, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Herbario Universitario PORT, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), National Park Service, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Van Hall Larenstein University of Professional Education, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), World Wide Fund (WWF), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Smithsonian Institution, Tropenbos International (TBI), Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Broward Co Extension Education, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Conservation International, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Jardín Botánico de Medellín, University College of London [London] (UCL), 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, 283093, ROBIN Role Of Biodiversity In climate change mitigatioN, European Union, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), PPBio network, CNPq/PELD network, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ANR (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025), ANR (TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041), CNPq, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, European Project: 283080, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Florida International University (FIU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Oxford, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), and Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
Subjects: arbre forestier, Production du bois, Amazonian, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, General Physics and Astronomy, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Carbon Cycling, Amazonegebied, Climax species, espèce dominante, Biomasse, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, Forêt tropicale humide, tropical forests, stockage du carbone, Multidisciplinary, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, trees, PE&RC, Wood, Physiologie végétale, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Tree, rain-forest, Écologie, productivity, F40 - Écologie végétale, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, forêt amazonienne, experimental drought, Rainforest, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, Amazonia, Tropische bossen, allometry, Dominance (ecology), Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, Croissance, Densité du peuplement, Vegetatie, Dominance, Vegetation, Forest Ecosystem, biomass, Composition botanique, Analyse de données, species composition, Carbon Storage, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Koolstof, mortality, Longévité, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, economics spectrum, Carbon, abondance spécifique, CICLO DO CARBONO, ta1181, Species richness, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Cycle du carbone, Espacement
Abstract: While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few ‘hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region., The Amazon rainforest is dominated by relatively few tree species, yet the degree to which this hyperdominance influences carbon cycling remains unknown. Here, the authors analyse 530 forest plots and show that ∼1% of species are responsible for 50% of the aboveground carbon storage and productivity.
Published: 2015
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13. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author: Fredy Ramírez, Carlos A. Quesada, L da Costa, Pablo Núñez, J Teran-Aguilar, René G. A. Boot, Jorcely Barroso, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Niro Higuchi, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Zorayda Restrepo, Euler Melo Nogueira, Carolina V. Castilho, Timothy R. Baker, Marielos Peña-Claros, David W. Galbraith, Christopher Baraloto, Roderick Zagt, Emilio Vilanova, Timothy J. Killeen, Lourens Poorter, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, E. A. de Oliveira, John Terborgh, Simon L. Lewis, Georgia Pickavance, A. Di Fiore, Damien Bonal, Bruno Hérault, Julie Peacock, Kuo-Jung Chao, Casimiro Mendoza, Vincent A. Vos, Alexander Parada, Juliana Stropp, P. van der Hout, Roel J. W. Brienen, V. Chama, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Marisol Toledo, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Ted R. Feldpausch, F. Cornejo Valverde, Olaf Bánki, Yadvinder Malhi, N. C. Pallqui Camacho, R. Vásquez Martínez, Emanuel Gloor, Helen C. Keeling, E S Grahame, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Adriana Prieto, Terry L. Erwin, Agustín Rudas, Joey Talbot, I. C. Guimarães Vieira, Natalino Silva, Ana Andrade, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Anand Roopsind, Oliver L. Phillips, W E Magnussen, William F. Laurance, Mônica Forsthofer, Sophie Fauset, E. Alvarez Dávila, Luzmila Arroyo, H. ter Steege, Nikée Groot, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Jon Lloyd, Jérôme Chave, Michael P. Schwarz, Mireia Torello-Raventos, Juan Carlos Licona, G. M. F. van der Heijden, Miguel Alexiades, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, G. Pardo-Molina, José Luís Camargo, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, E.N. Honorio Coronado, University of Leeds, Coll Life & Environm Sci, University of Exeter, Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Sch Marine & Trop Biol, James Cook University (JCU), Prolongac Bolognesi Mze, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, University of Oxford [Oxford], University College of London [London] (UCL), Sch Anthropol & Conservat, University of Kent [Canterbury], Serv Ecosistemicosy Cambio Climat, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Ctr Trop Conservat, Duke University [Durham], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Biodiversiteit Ecosyst Dynam, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Dept Biol Sci, Int Ctr Trop Bot, Florida International University (FIU), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Tropenbos International (TBI), Embrapa Roraima, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Northeast Reg Inventory & Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Madre De Dios, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Dept Anthropol, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Smithsonian Institution, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Sch Marine & Environm Sci, Cairns, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Manejo Forestal Tierras Trop Bolivia, Manejo Forestal de los Bosques Tropicales de Bolivia (FOMABO), Escuela Ciencias Forestales ESFOR, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Universidad Nacioal de Amazonia Peruana, Inst Invest Desarrollo Forestal INDEFOR, Fac Cienclas Forestales & Ambientales, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Inst Ciencias Nat, Univ Nacl Colombia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Commission of the European Communities, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Ecol & Biodivers Grp, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Australia], University of Wisconsin, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Univ Estadual, Missouri Botanical Garden, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund (WWF), Universidad Mayor de San Simón [Cochabamba, Bolivie] (UMSS), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], and University of Wisconsin-Madison
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], forêt tropicale, Carbon sequestration, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), Trees, chemistry.chemical_compound, Tropical climate, Biomasse, Dynamique des populations, Biomass, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plant Stems, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Carbon sink, food and beverages, Wood, séquestration du carbone, protection de la forêt, Carbon dioxide, Écosystème forestier, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Brazil, Carbon Sequestration, Rainforest, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Mortalité, 010603 evolutionary biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Changement climatique, geography, Tropical Climate, Atmosphere, 15. Life on land, Carbon Dioxide, Longévité, Carbon, K10 - Production forestière, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Cycle du carbone
Abstract: Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades1, 2, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics3, particularly in the Amazon4. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity5. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale1, 2, and is contrary to expectations based on models.
Published: 2015
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14. Demography of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) in the Bolivian Amazon: impact of seed extraction on recruitment and population dynamics

Author: Pieter A. Zuidema and René G. A. Boot
Subjects: Non-timber forest product, education.field_of_study, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Population, Diameter at breast height, Lecythidaceae, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Old-growth forest, food.food, Horticulture, food, Bertholletia, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Fruit tree, Brazil nut
Abstract: A demographic study was carried out on Bertholletia excelsa, the Brazil nut tree, in two primary forest sites in Northern Bolivia where Brazil nuts have been harvested for several decades. In spite of the large proportion (93%) of seeds that are harvested, reasonable densities of recently emerged seedlings were found. Seeds of Bertholletia are contained in woody fruits that are primarily opened by agoutis. Most fruits are left untouched on the forest floor for 1–2 y before they are opened, possibly due to high energetic costs of fruit opening just after fruit fall. However, the proportion of viable seeds is strongly reduced in older fruits.Growth in diameter at breast height (dbh) was low for pole-sized trees (< 15 cm dbh) and adult trees (> 100 cm dbh) and peaked for intermediate-sized trees (30–60 cm). These trees often attained a growth rate of > 1.5 cm y−1, which is high compared with other non-pioneer tropical trees. This, and the strong growth response to increased light availability found for seedlings and saplings, suggest that Bertholletia excelsa can be classified as a gap-dependent species. Matrix population models were constructed for both study populations. Population growth rates (λ) were close to one, and were most sensitive to persistence in one size category. Age estimates revealed that age at first reproduction (at dbh > 60 cm) amounts to over 120 y, and age in the last category (dbh > 160 cm) to almost 300 y. Given the continuous rejuvenation of the population, the stable population size, the high age at maturity and the long reproductive period, it is concluded that current levels of Brazil nut extraction may be sustained at least for several decades and perhaps for even longer periods.
Published: 2002
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15. Learning from the past: Trends and dynamics in livelihoods of Bolivian forest communities

Author: Wil de Jong, Mario Zenteno, Pieter A. Zuidema, and René G. A. Boot
Subjects: Economic forces, rain-forest, Natural resource economics, agricultural expansion, Geography, Planning and Development, amazon, timber markets, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Ecological systems theory, food, Deforestation, Environmental protection, Social–ecological systems, Population growth, deforestation, institutions, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, 2. Zero hunger, Amazon rainforest, Technological and social thresholds, 1. No poverty, 15. Life on land, Livelihood, PE&RC, food.food, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Geography, Community forestry, social-ecological systems, governance, Bolivian Amazon, complexity, management, Brazil nuts, Brazil nut
Abstract: We use social ecological systems theory (SES) to analyse change in forest communities in the northern Bolivian Amazon. SES characterizes interdependent dynamics of social and ecological systems and we hypothesized it to be a useful frame to grasp dynamics of forest communities affected by changes in forest policies, regulations and institutions, as well as economic demands and conservation objectives. We analysed the long-term historical changes since the region became incorporated in the global tropical forest product value chain since the late 19th century and quantitatively analysed changes in 85 forest communities between 1997 and 2009. We collected information on 16 variables related to demographic, productive, and socio-economic characteristics. Results show that forest communities have experienced major changes and have adapted to these changes. Social thresholds, a key concept in SES, are consistent with multiple social economic forces experienced by forest communities. Detrimental feed-back effects of SES can be confronted when innovative exploration mechanisms, such as new productive chains are developed, or the agro-extractive cycles of current productive system are expanded. Competition among households, population growth and more profitable economic opportunities may threaten benign forms of forest products extraction that have persisted through various cycles of internal and external changes.
Published: 2014

16. Approaches to Developing Sustainable Extraction Systems for Tropical Forest Products

Author: Raymond E. Gullison and René G. A. Boot
Subjects: food, Ecology, Agroforestry, Forest product, Forest management, Sustainability, Logging, Tropics, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Ecoforestry, food.food, Brazil nut
Abstract: There are few if any examples of the demonstrably sustainable extraction of either timber or non—timber forest products. Even well—known products such as brazil nuts and mahogany lack a sufficient knowledge base to design a sustainable extraction system. Potential extraction systems for timber and non—timber forest products from tropical forests should be evaluated both in terms of their sustainability and their impact at the ecosystem level. The impact of forest product harvest on the demographics of the target species can be explored with the use of mathematical models, although we still lack an adequate understanding of some of the basic processes that are structuring tropical tree communities. Matrix models are relatively quick to construct, and they may be appropriate for modeling the dynamics of populations that are harvested without introducing large changes to the ecosystem, while individual—based mechanistic models are more appropriate for modeling the effects of harvest that cause large changes ...
Published: 1995
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17. Phenotypic plasticity in response to nitrate supply of an inherently fast-growing species from a fertile habitat and an inherently slow-growing species from an infertile habitat

Author: René G. A. Boot, Hans Lambers, C. A. D. M. Van de Vijver, and Hendrik Poorter
Subjects: Ecophysiology, Biomass (ecology), Specific leaf area, biology, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Agronomy, Nitrate, chemistry, Deschampsia flexuosa, Soil fertility, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holcus lanatus
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate possible differences in plasticity between a potentially fast-growing and a potentially slow-growing grass species. To this end, Holcus lanatus (L.) and Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin., associated with fertile and infertile habitats, respectively, were grown in sand at eight nitrate concentrations. When plants obtained a fresh weight of approximately 5 g, biomass allocation, specific leaf area, the rate of net photosynthesis, the organic nitrogen concentration of various plant parts and the root weight at different soil depths were determined. There were linear relationships between the morphological and physiological features studied and the In-transformed nitrate concentration supplied, except for the specific leaf area and root nitrogen concentration of H. lanatus, which did not respond to the nitrate concentration. The root biomass of H. lanatus was invariably distributed over the soil layers than that of D. flexuosa. However, D. flexuosa allocated more root biomass to lower soil depths with decreasing nitrate concentration, in contrast to H. lanatus, which did not respond. The relative response to nitrate supply, i.e. the value of a character at a certain nitrate level relative to the value of that character at the highest nitrate supply, was used as a measure for plasticity. For a number of parameters (leaf area ratio, root weight ratio, root nitrogen concentration, vertical root biomass distribution and rate of net photosynthesis per unit leaf weight) the potentially slow-growing D. flexuosa exhibited a higher phenotypic plasticity than the potentially fast-growing H. lanatus. These findings are in disagreement with current literature. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed in terms of differences in experimental approach as well as fundamental differences in specific traits between fast- and slow-growing grasses.
Published: 1993
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18. Partitioning of nitrogen and biomass at a range of N-addition rates and their consequences for growth and gas exchange in two perennial grasses from inland dunes

Author: Peter M. Schildwacht, Hans Lambers, and René G. A. Boot
Subjects: Specific leaf area, biology, Perennial plant, Physiology, fungi, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, Agrostis vinealis, Corynephorus canescens, Cell Biology, Plant Science, General Medicine, Photosynthesis, biology.organism_classification, Nitrogen, chemistry, Agronomy, Shoot, Relative growth rate, Genetics
Abstract: This paper describes the effects of nitrgen supply on the partitioning of biomass and nitrogen of Agrostis vinealis(L.) Schreber and Corynephorus canescens(L.) Beauv., two perennial grasses of dry, nutrient-poor inland dunes, and their consequences for growth and gas exchange. At a given plant nitrogen concentration (PNC) the two species allocate the same relative amount of dry matter and nitrogen to their leaves. However, A. vinealis allocates more dry matter and nitrogen to its roots and less to its above-ground support tissue than C. canescens. Both the leaf weight ratio and leaf nitrogen ratio increase with increasing PNC. Despite species-specific differences in growth form and leaf morphology, the leaf area ratio and specific leaf area of the two species are similar, both at high and low PNC. At intermediate nitrogen supply, and thus intemediate PNC, however, A. vinealis has a higher leaf area ratio and specific leaf area than C. canescens. The two species exhibit a similar positive relationship when either the rate of net photosynthesis or the rate of shoot respiration are compared to the leaf nitrogen concentration, all expressed per unit leaf weight. The rate of net photosynthesis per unit Jeafnitrogen (PNUE) of the two species increases with decreasing leaf nitrogen concentration per unit leaf weight. C. canescens has a higher PNUE at low, and a lower PNUE at high leaf nitrogen concentration per unit leaf weight than A. vinealis. At non-limiting nitrogen supply, A. vinealis has a higher nitrogen productivity and net assimilation rate and a similar PNC and leaf area ratio as compared to C. canescens, which explains the higher relative growth rate (RGRmax) of A. vinealis. At growth-limiting nitrogen supply C. canescens achieves a similar relative growth rate at a lower PNC than A. vinealis.
Published: 1992
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19. The relation between above- and belowground biomass allocation patterns and competitive ability

Author: Rien Aerts, P. J. M. van der Aart, and René G. A. Boot
Subjects: Canopy, Biomass (ecology), Specific leaf area, biology, Molinia, media_common.quotation_subject, Molinia caerulea, Interspecific competition, biology.organism_classification, Erica tetralix, Competition (biology), Agronomy, Botany, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common
Abstract: In a 2-year experiment, the evergreen shrubsErica tetralix andCalluna vulgaris (dominant on nutrient-poor heathland soils) and the perennial deciduous grassMolinia caerulea (dominant on nutrient-rich heathland soils) were grown in replacement series in a factorial combination of four competition types (no competition, only aboveground competition, only belowground competition, full competition) and two levels of nutrient supply (no nutrients and 10 g N+2 g P+10 g K m−2 yr−1). Both in the unfertilized and in the fertilized treatmentsMolinia allocated about twice as much biomass to its root system than didErica andCalluna. In all three species the relative amount of biomass allocated to the roots was lower at high than at low nutrient supply. The relative decrease was larger forMolinia than forErica andCalluna. In the fertilized monocultures biomass of all three species exceeded that in the unfertilized series.Molinia showed the greatest biomass increase. In the unfertilized series no effects of interspecific competition on the biomass of each species were observed in either of the competition treatments. In the fertilized mixtures where only belowground competition was possibleMolinia increased its biomass at the expense of bothErica andCalluna. When only aboveground competition was possible no effects of interspecific competition on the biomass of the competing species were observed. However, in contrast with the evergreens,Molinia responded by positioning its leaf layers relatively higher in the canopy. The effects of full competition were similar to those of only belowground competition, so in the fertilized series belowground competition determined the outcome of competition. The high competitive ability ofMolinia at high nutrient supply can be attributed to the combination of (1) a high potential productivity, (2) a high percentage biomass allocation to the roots, (3) an extensive root system exploiting a large soil volume, and (4) plasticity in the spatial arrangement of leaf layers over its tall canopy. In the species under study the allocation patterns entailed no apparent trade-off between the abilities to compete for above- and belowground resources. This study suggests that this trade-off can be overcome by: (1) plasticity in the spatial arrangement of leaf layers and roots, and (2) compensatory phenotypic and species-specific differences in specific leaf area and specific root length.
Published: 1991
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20. Improved tropical forest management for carbon retention

Author: Michelle A. Pinard, René G. A. Boot, Jerome K. Vanclay, Francis E. Putz, Elias, Plinio Sist, Pieter A. Zuidema, Jeffrey Sayer, and Douglas Sheil
Subjects: Conservation of Natural Resources, Tropical Climate, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, QH301-705.5, Science Policy, General Neuroscience, Forest management, Climate change, Forestry, Carbon sequestration, Biology, Tropical forest, Ecoforestry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Carbon, Environmental protection, Greenhouse gas, Tropical climate, Life Science, Ecosystem, Biology (General), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Perspectives
Abstract: Using reduced-impact timber-harvesting practices in legally logged tropical forests would reduce global carbon emissions by 0.16 Gt/year at a modest cost and with little risk of "leakage" (increased carbon emissions elsewhere).
Published: 2008

21. Size and morphology of root systems of perennial grasses from contrasting habitats as affected by nitrogen supply

Author: Manon Mensink and René G. A. Boot
Subjects: biology, Perennial plant, Agronomy, Shoot, Soil Science, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Plant Science, Root system, Root hair, Festuca rubra, biology.organism_classification, Holcus lanatus
Abstract: This paper discusses interspecific differences and phenotypic responses to nitrogen supply in various root parameters of five perennial grasses from contrasting habitats. The following root parameters were studied: root:shoot ratio, specific root length, specific root area, mean root diameter, frequency of fine roots, and the length and density of root hairs. Significant between-species variation was found in all of these features. Species from fertile sites had higher root:shoot ratios at high nitrogen supply than species from infertile habitats. All species growing at low nitrogen supply showed a significant increase in root:shoot ratio. Specific root length, specific root area, mean root diameter and frequency of fine roots were not affected significantly by nitrogen supply. Species from infertile sites responded to low nitrogen supply by a significant increase in root hair length and root hair density.
Published: 1990
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22. A monocarpic tree species in a polycarpic world: how can Tachigali vasquezii maintain itself so successfully in a tropical rain forest community?

Author: René G. A. Boot, Lourens Poorter, Pieter A. Zuidema, and Marielos Peña-Claros
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, Tachigali, Population, Monocarpic, balance, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Fecundity, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Basal area, versicolor, Population model, Habitat, Agronomy, traits, Juvenile, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, education, seed, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: 1. Although monocarpy is rare among long-lived plant species that grow in stable habitats, one monocarpic species, Tachigali vasquezii, is extremely abundant in the rain forests of the Bolivian Amazon. We analyse how T. vasquezii is able to maintain itself successfully by comparing its life-history traits with those of polycarpic tree species of the same community. We then evaluate the relative importance of such traits using population matrix models. 2. Monocarpic species are expected to have a high fecundity. Seed production per basal area for T. vasquezii is indeed nearly twice that of an average polycarpic species, but this is not sufficient to maintain stable populations. 3. Life-history theory predicts that a monocarpic strategy is advantageous if juvenile survival rates are high compared with adult survival. Although seedlings of T. vasquezii have a lower mortality rate than polycarpic species, its sapling have higher mortality. 4. We found that the success of T. vasquezii is due to its very high diameter growth rates in the larger size classes, which are four times higher than that of an average, co-occurring polycarpic species. Fast diameter growth is enabled by investment in large, leafy crowns and by a low wood density. Applying this high diameter growth in a population model yielded a population growth rate close to that of polycarpic species. Life table response experiment analysis of Tachigali and polycarp models showed that higher growth compensated for the negative demographic effect of 100% adult mortality following reproduction. 5. Rapid growth enables T. vasquezii to reach reproductive maturity in only 49 years, compared with 79 years for an average polycarpic species. It also reduces the risk of dying before eproducing, and 50% more seedlings survive to maturity for T. vasquezii compared with polycarpic species. 6. The dramatic negative demographic consequences of one-time flowering can therefore be completely balanced by taking a shorter time to reach maturity. Taking a time perspective, it appears that Tachigali vasquezii has an advanced, rather than a delayed, reproduction
Published: 2005

23. Vegetation succession on the dunes near Oostvoorne, The Netherlands, since 1934, interpreted from air photographs and vegetation maps

Author: Eddy van der Maarel, Dick van Dorp, and René G. A. Boot
Subjects: Pays bas, Ecology, Vegetation succession, Transition diagram, medicine, Plant Science, Physical geography, Ecological succession, medicine.symptom, Vegetation (pathology), Vegetation dynamics, Geology
Abstract: The vegetation succession on the dunes near Oostvoorne, The Netherlands has been followed by means of a novel combination of repeated large-scale vegetation mapping and air photograph interpretation. Vegetation units have been discerned on the formation level because these could be distinguished fairly easily on the photographs and because the rates of change are appropriate to the time interval chosen. Nineteen formations were distinguished. Five 1:6250 maps were constructed, reflecting the formation pattern in 1934, 1943, 1959, 1972 and 1980. An overlay with 2736 grid points at 25 m field distance was used to quantify changes in the formation pattern.
Published: 1985
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24. Vegetation succession on the dunes near Oostvoorne, The Netherlands; a comparison of the vegetation in 1959 and 1980

Author: Dick van Dorp, Jos Rijntjes, René G. A. Boot, and Eddy van der Maarel
Subjects: Plant ecology, Geography, Ecology, Applied ecology, Biodiversity, Ordination, Plant Science, Vegetation, Woodland, Ecological succession, Overgrazing
Abstract: The vegetation of a 150 ha coastal dune area in the SW Netherlands was carefully analyzed and mapped at a scale of 1:2500 in 1959 and 1980. About 600 releves were treated numerically. 127 vegetation types were distinguished, the overlap in community composition between the two years was very small. An intermediate level between this community level and the level of the structural-physiognomic formation was adopted. 56 so-called subformations, in which floristic and structural characters are combined, have been recognized and the overlap was then considerably larger, at least in number of types. Ordination results suggest that in each subset: grasslands, dune slacks, woodlands + scrubs, the first axis reflects floristic differentiation along with progression. The ordination of the entire material shows moisture as the main factor underlying the first axis, zonation as the second and nutrient status as the third factor. Change in vegetation was detected through a network overlay with 2 300 points for each of which the transition between 1959 and 1980 was scored. The pattern of change between 1959 and 1980 is apparently multiple pathway in type. This would be one of the few examples of such a pattern to be established on the medium term level of change, which is considered as succession sensu strictu. On an areal basis the change in vegetation is extremely large; even on the subformation level only 15% of the area was found to be unchanged, and on the community level only 4%. The overall trend is progression with a strong increase in the area of tall scrubs and woodlands. Retrogression also occurs, partly as a result of disturbances such as fire, partly due to local death of a dominant woody species. This latter phenomenon is interpreted against the background of the starting point of the succession; a sudden release of the inner dune area from overgrazing by cattle and a subsequent rapid dune development (outer dunes) on the beach in front of the inner dunes. Both species and community diversity increased, which is related to both differentiation under progression and to retrogression.
Published: 1985
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25. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models

Author: Thomas E. Lovejoy, Hans ter Steege, Casimiro Mendoza, Paul R. Moorcroft, Patrick Meir, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Leandro Valle Ferreira, José Luís Camargo, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Niro Higuchi, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Gabriela Lopez Gonzalez, Bart Kruijt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Timothy J. Killeen, Eric Arets, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Marielos Peña-Claros, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Philippe Ciais, Manuel Gloor, Matthieu Guimberteau, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Damien Bonal, Agustín Rudas, Euridice Honorio, Anja Rammig, Juan Carlos Licona, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Gerardo Aymard, Oliver L. Phillips, Emilio Vilanova, Bia Marimon, Carlos A. Quesada, Lourens Poorter, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, John Terborgh, Anthony Di Fiore, Hannes De Deurwaerder, Jérôme Chave, Jocely Barroso, Guido Pardo, Vincent A. Vos, Marisol Toledo, Christopher Baraloto, Juliana Stropp, Álvaro Cogollo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Darley C.L. Matos, Michelle O. Johnson, Yadvinder Malhi, Ke Zhang, Kirsten Thonicke, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Abel Monteagudo, Luzmila Arroyo, Adriana Prieto, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Timothy R. Baker, Hans Verbeeck, Gilvan Sampaio, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, William F. Laurance, René G. A. Boot, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Sophie Fauset, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Celso von Randow, Rodolfo Vasquez, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Missouri Botanical Garden, Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Research School of Biology, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS), Fundación Con-Vida, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Department of Biological Sciences [Miami], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Tropenbos International (TBI), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], Centro de Geociencias, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Dpt of Anthropology [Austin], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund (WWF), Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), James Cook University (JCU), Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University [Fairfax], Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonía, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University [Durham], Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Museu Universitário, Institute of Biological Sciences, Medical and Health, Universidade Paranaense, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], School of Geography [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ERC, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Consortium and Standard Grant 'AMAZONICA' NE/F005806/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'TROBIT' NE/D005590/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'Niche Evolution of South American Trees' NE/I028122/1, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), project Programa de Pesquisas Ecologicas de Longa Duracao PELD-403725/2012-7, Helmholtz Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics', EU FP7 project 'ROBIN' 283093, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs KB-14-003-030, US DOE (BER) NGEE-Tropics project, ERC Advanced Grant, Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award, ARC FT110100457, NERC NE/J011002/1, Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship, European Project: 283080,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,GEOCARBON(2011), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), University of Oxford, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Florida International University (FIU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), and Universidad de los Andes [Bogota]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES, TREE MORTALITY, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Tropic Climate, Aboveground Biomass, Trees, Ecosystem model, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Primary Research Article, Biomass, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Vegetation, Net Primary Production, Dynamic global vegetation model, PE&RC, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Tree, tropical forest, productivity, DROUGHT SENSITIVITY, dynamic global vegetation model, Stem, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon Cycle, forest plots, TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS, Amazonia, allometry, Environmental Chemistry, Tropical Forest, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, Mortality, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Allometry, Tropical Climate, WIMEK, Forest Ecosystem, EARTH SYSTEM, carbon, Theoretical Model, Primary production, 15. Life on land, South America, Models, Theoretical, Primary Research Articles, CARBON BALANCE, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, WOOD PRODUCTIVITY, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Growth, Development And Aging, Earth and Environmental Sciences, WATER-BALANCE, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, cavelab, Spatial variability, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ECOSYSTEM MODEL
Abstract: Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. © 2016 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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25 results on '"René G. A. Boot"'

1. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

2. Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

3. Evolutionary diversity is associated with wood productivity in Amazonian forests

4. Seasonal drought limits tree species across the Neotropics

5. Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

6. Diverse local regulatory responses to a new forestry regime in forest communities in the Bolivian Amazon

7. The New Face of Debt-Peonage in the Bolivian Amazon: Social Networks and Bargaining Instruments

8. Benefits for multiple ecosystem services in Peruvian coffee agroforestry systems without reducing yield

9. Conservation Science and Practice Must Engage With the Realities of Complex Tropical Landscapes

10. Participatory mapping to identify indigenous community use zones: Implications for conservation planning in southern Suriname

11. Regeneration of timber trees in a logged tropical forest in North Bolivia

12. Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon cycling

13. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

14. Demography of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) in the Bolivian Amazon: impact of seed extraction on recruitment and population dynamics

15. Learning from the past: Trends and dynamics in livelihoods of Bolivian forest communities

16. Approaches to Developing Sustainable Extraction Systems for Tropical Forest Products

17. Phenotypic plasticity in response to nitrate supply of an inherently fast-growing species from a fertile habitat and an inherently slow-growing species from an infertile habitat

18. Partitioning of nitrogen and biomass at a range of N-addition rates and their consequences for growth and gas exchange in two perennial grasses from inland dunes

19. The relation between above- and belowground biomass allocation patterns and competitive ability

20. Improved tropical forest management for carbon retention

21. Size and morphology of root systems of perennial grasses from contrasting habitats as affected by nitrogen supply

22. A monocarpic tree species in a polycarpic world: how can Tachigali vasquezii maintain itself so successfully in a tropical rain forest community?

23. Vegetation succession on the dunes near Oostvoorne, The Netherlands, since 1934, interpreted from air photographs and vegetation maps

24. Vegetation succession on the dunes near Oostvoorne, The Netherlands; a comparison of the vegetation in 1959 and 1980

25. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models

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