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Polylactic acid (PLA) has the advantages of degradability, good biocompatibility and low energy consumption. However, PLA has the characteristics of poor toughness, slow degradation rate, hydrophobicity and lack of reaction side chain groups, which limits the application range of PLA. Rubber-based materials have excellent elasticity and toughness, which can be used as materials to improve the performance of PLA. The effects of different rubber types such as natural rubber (NR), nitrile rubber (NBR), acrylate rubber (ACM), silicone rubber (SI) and other rubbers on the properties of PLA are summarized. The research progress of rubber modified PLA under different processing technologies in recent years is reviewed, and the difficulties faced by rubber modified PLA are discussed. It is pointed out that improving the interfacial compatibility between rubber and PLA is the focus of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), principally linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA), may have differential impacts on cardiovascular risk. We aimed to summarize the up-to-date epidemiology evidence on the relationship between blood levels of omega-6 PUFAs and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Population-based studies determining PUFA levels in blood were identified until May 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Random-effects meta-analyses of cohorts comparing the highest versus lowest category were conducted to combine study-specific risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Blood levels of omega-6 PUFAs were compared between the CHD case and non-case, presented as a weight mean difference (WMD). Twenty-one cohorts and eleven case-control studies were included. The WMD was −0.71 (95% CI: −1.20, −0.21) for LA and 0.08 (95% CI: −0.28, 0.43) for AA. LA levels were inversely associated with total CHD risk (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.00), but not AA. Each one-SD increase in LA levels resulted in 10% reductions in the risk of fatal CHD (RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.95), but not in non-fatal CHD. Such findings highlight that the current recommendation for optimal intakes of omega-6 PUFAs (most LA) may offer a coronary benefit in primary prevention. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2056867. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The objective of this research was to investigate and compare the effect of rapeseed oil, 0.5% β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and rapeseed oil/0.5% β‐cyclodextrin coating on egg quality attributes during storage for 28 days at 25 °C. Egg quality attributes such as weight loss (WL), air cell depth and diameter, Haugh unit (HU), albumen pH, yolk index and colour, eggshell strength and morphology were monitored. Similar initial quality attributes of control, rapeseed oil, 0.5% β‐CD and rapeseed oil/0.5% β‐cyclodextrin‐coated eggs were obtained at day 0. Control (uncoated) and β‐CD‐coated eggs had the worst WL, air cell diameter, air cell depth, albumen pH and a* values after storage for 28 days at 25 °C, while the rapeseed oil/0.5% β‐cyclodextrin‐coated eggs had lower values of air cell diameter (18.20 mm), air cell depth (7.20 mm) and albumin pH (9.12), higher eggshell breaking strength (51.21 N) and a*(25.33). At day 7 and 21, the best quality attributes were obtained by rapeseed oil/0.5% β‐cyclodextrin‐coated eggs, being respectively: WL, yolk index and L*. Less obvious micro‐cracks on the eggshell surface were detected especially in rapeseed oil/0.5% β‐cyclodextrin‐coated eggs, which maintained slightly improved egg quality attributes during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the adsorption capacity of acid turquoise 2G onto the adsorbent derived from sludge and straw. The sludge–straw adsorbent was prepared by pyrolysis in a dried state. The BET surface area of the adsorbent was 459.77 m2·g−1, micropore volume was 0.164 cm3·g−1, and average pore radius was 3.345 nm. The experimental data were analyzed using four adsorption kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, and elovich) and related parameters were calculated. The results showed pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better fitted with experimental data than the others; the pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism was predominant for the adsorption of acid turquoise 2G. Adsorption equilibrium was analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Langmuir isotherm was found to be more suitable than Freundlich isotherm for correlation of equilibrium data. The maximum amount of acid turquoise blue 2G adsorbed (qm) was 1.215, 1.413, and 1.574 mmol·g−1at 288, 298, and 308 K, respectively. Free energy of adsorption (ΔG0), enthalpy change (ΔH0), and entropy change (ΔS0) were calculated, and the results indicated that the adsorption processes of acid turquoise blue 2G on the sludge–straw adsorbent were spontaneous (ΔG0< 0), endothermic in nature (ΔH0> 0), and accompanied by an increase in entropy change (ΔS0> 0). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The development of contemporary macroecosystem sciences requires to comprehensively understand the process mechanism and model mechanism of large-scale macroecosystem structure and function, spatial variation, and dynamic evolution, to realize quantitative simulation, scientific assessment, prediction and early warning of ecosystem change and its impacts on human well-being, and to serve the utilization, protection, regulation, and management of ecosystems. Therefore, a new research field of large-scale integrated ecology of macroecosystem science (IEMES) is emerging. Based on the systematic analysis of the basic theories, approaches and key technologies of integrated ecology of macroecosystem science, the following basic understandings have been formed: 1) IEMES takes macroecosystem at regional, continental, and global scales as the research object, and adopts the methods and technologies of multidisciplinary knowledge integration. It is aimed to solve the major resource and environmental problems during the development of human society, such as food security, resource security, ecological security, and environmental security. 2) The basic scientific and technological tasks of IEMES are to understand the basic structural and functional properties of macroecosystem, monitor the changes of ecosystem state, explain the spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystem, uncover the mechanism of ecosystem operation and maintenance process, quantitatively evaluate the functional state and service capacity of ecosystem, predict the dynamic evolution and geographical pattern of ecosystem, provide early warning of ecosystem changes and ecological environmental disasters. 3) It is needed to reconstruct the theory and methodology system of "multi-source data analysis, multi-model simulation, multi-disciplinary knowledge fusion" and develop key technology of multi-disciplinary knowledge fusion of "multi-scale observation, multi-method verification, multi-process fusion, and cross-scale simulation" for IEMES. 4) The continental scale multi-spatiotemporal ecosystem observation and experiment network is the basic scientific and technological facility to carry out deep integration of multi-disciplinary knowledge. It is necessary to develop key technology of multi-disciplinary ecological knowledge integration of multi-factor, multi-process, multi-interface, multi-medium, multi-scale, and multi-method around the regional, continental, and global scale macroecosystem science issues.