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In order to explore the analysis of educational management strategies in Colleges and universities, a method based on entropy and dissipative structure theory is proposed. Firstly, we determine the connection length B, which refers to the shortest path between two elements in the structure diagram. The length of direct connection is 1, and the length of each transfer is added by 1. Secondly, calculate the total number of microscopic states of the system, A1, A1 = ∑∑ Lab, Third, calculate the probability value of the realization of the micro state of each connection: P(a,b)=LabAaP\left( {a,b} \right) = {{{L_{ab}}} \over {{A_a}}}. Finally, the entropy of organizational structure between any two elements of the system at the same level vertically and horizontally is calculated: H1(ab) = −Pa(ab)lnPa(ab). The experimental results show that student satisfaction is considered to be an important dimension of management team performance evaluation. Through the survey of student satisfaction, it is found that the student satisfaction rate of two teams is 100%, the student satisfaction rate of two teams is 99%, and the satisfaction rate of one team is 98.5%, which shows that the management team has good performance. It is proved that the theory of entropy and dissipative structure can effectively improve the educational management strategy of colleges and universities.

Precipitation regionalization, serving as a foundation for extrapolating information from gauged to ungauged sites, contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distribution of precipitation. However, existing studies have focused mainly on precipitation, neglecting the influence of climate background and meteorological circulation. Moreover, there is a lack of specialized analysis of regionalization results. This study proposes a novel approach to precipitation regionalization that considers covariates in the circulation field and periodic features. The method utilizes Barnett–Preisendorfer canonical correlation analysis coupled with principal component analysis (BPCCA) to select covariates and multivariate self-organizing map (SOM) clustering for preliminary regionalization. Wavelet decomposition is further used for regional feature analysis. The methodology is empirically applied to analyze summer precipitation in Shanxi Province, identifying homogeneous regions characterized by diverse spatiotemporal distributions. The results successfully identified 12 distinct regions of precipitation, effectively capturing the influence of topographic and atmospheric factors. According to the periodic and trend characteristics of each region at different time scales, we merged the division results on the three frequencies and six regions were ultimately differentiated. Specifically, a decreasing trend was observed in the southern and southeastern parts of Shanxi, as well as in the western part of the Lüliang Mountains. They had a significant 4-yr period mode, and the decreasing trend was more significant in the southern region. In contrast, northern Shanxi showed no trend and a significant 8-yr period mode. This proposed method presents an effective strategy for enhancing precipitation regionalization and extracting valuable information from the circulation field and multiple frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental arsenic exposure is one of the major global public health problems. Studies have shown that arsenic exposure can cause renal fibrosis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Integrating the in vivo and in vitro models, this study investigated the potential molecular pathways for arsenic‐induced renal fibrosis. In this study, SD rats were treated with 0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L NaAsO2 for 8 weeks via drinking water, and HK2 cells were treated with different doses of NaAsO2 for 48 h. The in vivo results showed that arsenic content in the rats' kidneys increased as the dose increased. Body weight decreased and kidney coefficient increased at 100 mg/L. As a response to the elevated NaAsO2 dose, inflammatory cell infiltration, renal tubular injury, glomerular atrophy, tubulointerstitial hemorrhage, and fibrosis became more obvious indicated by HE and Masson staining. The kidney transcriptome profiles further supported the protein–protein interactions involved in NaAsO2‐induced renal fibrosis. The in vivo results, in together with the in vitro experiments, have revealed that exposure to NaAsO2 disturbed mitochondrial dynamics, promoted mitophagy, activated inflammation and the TGF‐β1/SMAD signaling pathway, and finally resulted in fibrosis. In summary, arsenic exposure contributed to renal fibrosis via regulating the mitochondrial dynamics and the NLRP3‐TGF‐β1/SMAD signaling axis. This study presented an adverse outcome pathway for the development of renal fibrosis due to arsenic exposure through drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the quality of the transition slabs, the large‐size inclusions in 28 m‐long transition slabs are studied by large sample electrolysis and thermodynamic analysis. The results reveal that the length of transition slabs influenced by ladle exchange is 17 m, which is 4 m before the second steel ladle casting and 13 m after the casting. Large‐size inclusions in transition slabs can be divided into five kinds of Al2O3, Al2O3‐CaO, Al2O3‐CaO‐SiO2, Al2O3‐CaO‐MgO, and entrapment slag. The average contents of total inclusions, the inclusions in the range of 30–100 μm, those of 100–200 μm, and those larger than 200 μm in the transition slabs are 4.8, 19, 2.8, and 4.2 times higher than those in the normal slabs, respectively. For the large inclusions greater than 200 μm, the average contents of the Al2O3, Al2O3‐CaO‐SiO2 inclusions, and entrapment slags significantly increase in the transition slabs, being 9.4, 13.1, and 2.4 times higher than those in the normal slabs, respectively. The sources of Al2O3, Al2O3‐CaO‐SiO2 inclusions, and entrapment slags should be the secondary oxidation in tundish, entrapment of tundish flux, and entrapment of mold powders, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce an equivalence relation ρ on matrices over a class of semirings, which is relevant to the Kleene star operator on matrices. We characterize those surjective linear transformations for matrices preserving ρ. Also, we show that a surjective linear transformation preserves Kleene stars of matrices if and only if it commutes with the Kleene star operator if and only if it preserves ρ. Finally, we illustrate that there exist non-surjective linear transformations that preserve ρ or preserve Kleene stars of matrices or commute with the Kleene star operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]