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Resume Introduction Le desflurane et le protoxyde d’azote (N2O) sont couramment utilises mais leurs effets climatiques remettent en question leur place au bloc operatoire. L’objectif principal de l’etude etait d’evaluer la possibilite de modifier leurs prescriptions en tenant compte de leurs impacts climatiques. Methode Afin de minimiser le biais de selection, le questionnaire a ete soumis a deux echantillons. Une enquete nationale (EN) avec un questionnaire adresse par mail a 3500 anesthesistes et une enquete telephonique francilienne (EF) aupres de 97 anesthesistes tires au sort. Resultats Les reponses ont ete recueillies entre juin et octobre 2019 aupres de 502 (EN) et 92 (EF) anesthesistes. Le rechauffement climatique etait percu comme un probleme de sante publique par 96 % (EN) et 95 % (EF) des sondes. Apres sensibilisation aux impacts climatiques des agents inhales, les anesthesistes etaient prets a limiter leur utilisation du desflurane (90 % EN et 95 % EF) et du N2O (90 % EN et 97 % EF). Ils jugeaient utiles des recommandations pour encadrer leurs utilisations : 88 % (EN) et 85 % (EF) pour le desflurane et 91 % (EN) et 88 % (EF) pour le N2O. Le reglage du debit de gaz frais (DGF) lors de l’entretien anesthesique etait > 1 L/min pour 33 % (EN) et 48 % (EF) des sondes. Conclusion La sensibilisation des anesthesistes a l’impact environnemental des gaz anesthesiants, une optimisation du reglage du DGF et des recommandations encadrant leurs usages pourrait reduire considerablement l’empreinte carbone du bloc operatoire, sans consequences pour le patient.

Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) is used to make temperature distributed sensing measurements along a fiber by exploiting Rayleigh backscattering. This technique presents high spatial and high temperature resolutions on temperature ranges of several hundred of degrees Celsius. With standard telecommunications fibers, measurement errors coming from the correlation between a high temperature Rayleigh trace and the one taken as a reference at room temperature could be present at extremely high temperatures. These correlation errors, due to low backscattering signal amplitude and unstable backscattering signal, induce temperature measurement errors. Thus, for high temperature measurement ranges and at extremely high temperatures (e.g., at 800 °C), a known solution is to use fibers with femtosecond laser inscribed nanograting. These fs-laser-insolated fibers have a high amplitude and thermally stable scattering signal, and they exhibit lower correlation errors. In this article, temperature sensing at 800 °C is reported by using an annealed zirconia-doped optical fiber with an initial 40.5-dB enhanced scattering signal. The zirconia-doped fiber presents initially OFDR losses of 2.8 dB/m and low OFDR signal drift at 800 °C. The ZrO2-doped fiber is an alternative to nanograting-inscribed fiber to make OFDR distributed fiber sensing on several meters with gauge lengths of 1 cm at high temperatures.

International audience; This work reports on the fabrication and the characterization of hybrid optical fibers with silicon core and silica cladding. Adopting a two-step manufacturing technique derived from the stack-and-draw method, silicon-core fibers with core dimensions ranging from about 0.8 mu m to 3.5 mu m have been successively drawn into hundreds of meter-long fibers. A 3.3 mu m diameter core fiber has been more extensively characterized and background losses for this as-drawn fiber are less than 0.2 dB/cm between 1250 nm and 1650 nm, with a minimum of 0.12 dB/cm around 1600 nm. The crystalline state of the core and the limited impact of oxygen contamination were confirmed by Raman scattering, x-ray diffraction, HR-STEM, and ToF-SIMS analysis. Transmission peaks associated with specific modal distributions are evidenced under certain injection conditions and their positions are shown to be in good accordance with mode cut-off wavelengths of a step-index silicon-core fiber.

International audience; Silicon-core fibers were drawn into hundreds of meter-long spans. The regular crystalline structure of the core and the absence of oxygen contamination are demonstrated together with loss below 0.2 dB/cm from 1250 to 1650 nm.

International audience; Hybrid optical fibers, i.e. optical fibers that combine, in the same structure, glass with crystal, metal, polymer or a second type of glass, open access to a wide range of optical properties or optical functions not accessible to common single-glass-made optical fibers. Silicon-core fibers are one type of hybrid fibers that have been intensively studied since 2006 with the aim to take benefit of the mid-infrared transparency of silicon or to implement opto-electrical functions in the optical fiber itself. Some of the unique optical properties of these semiconductor-core fibers have been demonstrated but it is admitted that optical losses are still today a drag on the rise of performances and hence devote specific attention. Post-processing based on laser or thermal annealing can be applied on the as-drawn fibers to improve core crystallinity and then reduce optical losses. However, such processing techniques have been demonstrated on centimeter-long fibers only. In the present paper, we demonstrate as-drawn silicon-core fiber with loss level below 0.2 dB/cm on the 1250-1650nm wavelength range, this fiber being continuously manufactured over length exceeding one hundred of meters. Several fibers have been fabricated from a rod-in-stack approach and different core dimensions ranging from about 0.8 to 3.4 mu m have been successively realized and extensive characterizations (XRD, micro-Raman spectroscopy, TEM and ToF-SIMS analysis) have been conducted on the 3.4 mu m core fiber. The crystalline state of the core, the absence of oxygen contamination and the optical transmission from 1.1 to 4 mu m will be presented.

We intended to analyze the outcomes and predictive factors for underestimating the prostate cancer (PCa) grade group (GG) from prostate biopsies in a large monocentric cohort of patients treated by minimally invasive radical prostatectomy (RP).Using a monocentric prospectively maintained database, we included 3062 patients who underwent minimally invasive RP between 2006 and 2013. We explored clinicopathologic features and outcomes associated with a GG upgrade from biopsy to RP. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop and validate a nomogram to predict upgrading for GG1.Biopsy GG was upgraded after RP in 51.5% of cases. Patients upgraded from GG1 to GG2 or GG3 after RP had a longer time to biochemical recurrence than those with GG2 or GG3 respectively, on both biopsy and RP, but a shorter time to biochemical recurrence than those who remained GG1 after RP (P .0001). In multivariate analyses, variables predicting upgrading for GG1 PCa were age (P = .0014), abnormal digital rectal examination (P .0001), prostate-specific antigen density (P .0001), percentage of positive cores (P .0001), and body mass index (P = .037). A nomogram was generated and validated internally.Biopsy grading system is misleading in approximately 50% of cases. Upgrading GG from biopsy to RP may have consequences on clinical outcomes. A nomogram using clinicopathologic features could aid the probability of needing to upgrade GG1 patients at their initial evaluation.

Cangrelor is a P2Y12 inhibitor that presents the advantage of having a short half-life. Its use may be helpful in the management of antiplatelet therapy for patients with intracranial aneurysms treated by stent-assisted coiling or flow-diverter stents. The purpose of this study was to report early experiences in using cangrelor for such indications. From October 2017 to November 2018, 7 consecutive patients (5 females, 2 males, mean age = 56 years) were managed with cangrelor as antiplatelet therapy, combined with aspirin, for stent-assisted coiling embolization and flow-diverter embolization of challenging intracranial aneurysms. Anti-aggregation protocols, including cangrelor, were systematically recorded. Treatment-related complications (minor/major hemorrhagic complications, ischemic complications) as well as clinical and angiographic outcomes (evaluated at 8.7 ± 4.2 and 8.75 ± 10 months, respectively) were retrospectively analyzed. Of the aneurysms 71.4% (5 out of 7) were ruptured and treated in the acute phase. In one case cangrelor was used as an alternative to clopidogrel in an asymptomatic hemorrhagic complication after stent-assisted coiling for better control of a possible worsening of the intracranial bleeding. Of the patients, 1 (14%) with a complex ruptured MCA aneurysm treated with a flow-diverter stent experienced a severe intracranial hemorrhage, which occurred after switching the cangrelor to ticagrelor and eventually led to death. No hemorrhagic complications under cangrelor were recorded for the six remaining patients. No mRS worsening was observed at discharge, except for the patient who died and six out of the seven patients had a mRS ≤2 at follow-up. Cangrelor is a new antiplatelet therapy with a P2Y12 inhibiting effect, with a rapid onset and offset of action, owing to its short half-life. This cases series presents a pilot experience with promising results in terms of antiplatelet management for challenging intracranial aneurysms treated by stent assisted coiling or flow-diverter stents.

Porous gold films presented in this paper are formed by combining gold electroless deposition and polystyrene beads templating methods. This original approach allows the formation of conductive films (2 × 106 (Ω·cm)−1) with tailored and interconnected porosity. The porous gold film was deposited up to 1.2 μm on the silicon substrate without delamination. An original zirconia gel matrix containing gold nanoparticles deposited on the substrate acts both as an adhesion layer through the creation of covalent bonds and as a seed layer for the metallic gold film growth. Dip-coating parameters and gold electroless deposition kinetics have been optimized in order to create a three-dimensional network of 20 nm wide pores separated by 20 nm thick continuous gold layers. The resulting porous gold films were characterized by GIXRD, SEM, krypton adsorption-desorption, and 4-point probes method. The process is adaptable to different pore sizes and based on wet-chemistry. Consequently, the porous gold films presented in this paper can be used in a wide range of applications such as sensing, catalysis, optics, or electronics.

International audience; This paper describes an original design leading to the field effect passivation of Si n +-p junctions. Ordered Ag nanoparticle (Ag-NP) arrays with optimal size and coverage fabricated by means of nanosphere lithography and thermal evaporation, were embedded in ultrathin-Al 2 O 3 /SiN x :H stacks on the top of implanted Si n +-p junctions, to achieve effective surface passivation. One way to characterize surface passivation is to use photocurrent, sensitive to recombination centers. We evidenced an improvement of photocurrent by a factor of 5 with the presence of Ag NPs. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations combining with semi-quantitative calculations demonstrated that such gain was mainly due to the enhanced field effect passivation through the depleted region associated with the Ag-NPs/Si Schottky contacts.

International audience; In this paper, we report the elaboration of Cu(In,Ga)S2 chalcopyrite thin films via a sol–gel process. To reach this aim, solutions containing copper, indium and gallium complexes were prepared. These solutions were thereafter spin-coated onto the soda lime glass substrates and calcined, leading to metallic oxides thin films. Expected chalcopyrite films were finally obtained by sulfurization of oxides layers using a sulfur atmosphere at 500 °C. The rate of gallium incorporation was studied both at the solutions synthesis step and at the thin films sulfurization process. Elemental and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses have shown the efficiency of monoethanolamine used as a complexing agent for the preparation of CuIn(1−x)GaxS2 thin layers. Moreover, the replacement of diethanolamine by monoethanolamine has permitted the substitution of indium by isovalent gallium from x = 0 to x = 0.4 and prevented the precipitation of copper derivatives. XRD analyses of sulfurized thin films CuIn(1−x)GaxS2, clearly indicated that the increasing rate of gallium induced a shift of XRD peaks, revealing an evolution of the lattice parameter in the chalcopyrite structure. These results were confirmed by Raman analyses. Moreover, the optical band gap was also found to be linearly dependent upon the gallium rate incorporated within the thin films: it varies from 1.47 eV for x = 0 to 1.63 eV for x = 0.4.

The study covers 432 individuals from the northern part of the territory of Vocontii, which corresponds to the boundaries of the city of Die (ILN Die). The names have been resituated in relation to all the Vocontii, compared to those of Gallia Narbonensis and the western provinces. The survey is based on lapidary inscriptions, instrumentum inscriptum and literary occurrences. Vocontii from “ outside” have been integrated. The names of Roman citizens, peregrini, the incerti and slaves are successively studied, trying to identify indigenous names, Italian Latin names, regional Latin names and Greek names. There is a Semitic name. The relations between nomina and cognomina are analysed, as well as the transmission of nomina from one generation to the next : the names of men and women are compared. In this city of Latin law, since Caesar or Augustus, the onomastic reveals a clear Latinity, a real integration into the Roman world. Roman citizens mainly have “ Latin-Italian” names and similarly nearly one in two peregrinus/-a., L’étude porte sur 432 individus de la partie septentrionale du territoire voconce correspondant aux limites de la cité de Die (ILN, Die). Les noms ont été resitués par rapport à l’ensemble des Voconces, comparés à ceux de la Narbonnaise et des provinces occidentales. L’enquête est fondée sur les inscriptions (lapidaires et instrumentum inscriptum) et les attestations littéraires. Les Voconces de «l’extérieur » ont été intégrés. Sont successivement étudiées la dénomination des citoyen. ne. s romain. e. s, celle des pérégrin. e. s, celle des incerti et des esclaves, en essayant d’identifier les noms indigènes, les noms latins italiens, les noms latins régionaux, les noms grecs. Il y a un nom sémitique. Les relations entre gentilice et surnom sont analysées, ainsi que la transmission des noms d’une génération à l’autre : les noms des hommes et des femmes sont comparés. Dans cette cité de droit latin, depuis César ou Auguste, l’onomastique révèle une nette latinité, une réelle intégration dans le monde romain. Citoyens et citoyennes romaines portent majoritairement des noms «latins-italiens » et de même près d’un pérégrin ou une pérégrine sur deux., Rémy Bernard. La dénomination des Voconces septentrionaux. In: Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise, tome 50, 2017. pp. 399-451.

Objective: To report the long-term outcome of neurological involvement in patients with Behcet's disease (BD). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 115 patients fulfilling the international criteria for BD [57% male with median [Q1-Q3] age of 37 [30-46] years] and with neuro-Behcet's disease (NBD) after exclusion of cerebral venous thrombosis. Factors associated with relapse of NBD, dependence and mortality were assessed. Results: Seventy-eight (68%) patients presented with acute NBD and 37 (32%) with a progressive course. The HLA B51 allele was carried by 49% of patients. Overall, 46/115 (40%) patients had a severe baseline disability status, represented by a Rankin score ≥ 3. The 5 and 7 years event-free survival rates were 65% and 53%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, a positive HLA-B51 status was independently associated with the risk of NBD relapse (OR=3.6 [1.5-9.1]). After a median follow-up of 73 [59-102] months, 21 (25.2%) patients became dependent or died. Factors independently associated with poor outcome were paresis at onset (OR=6.47 [1.73-24.23]) and a brainstem location of inflammatory lesions on MRI (OR=8.41 [1.03-68.43]). All 115 patients were treated with glucocorticosteroids, including 53/115 (46.1%) with cyclophosphamide and 40/115 (34.8%) with azathioprine. A trend towards longer event-free survival was observed in severe NBD patients (i.e. Rankin score ≥ 3 at onset) receiving intravenous cyclophosphamide compared with those treated with azathioprine (p =0.06). Conclusion: NBD is a severe condition in which patients with the HLA-B51 allele appear to experience a worse prognosis. © 2013 American College of Rheumatology.

International audience; This paper describes a rapid, simple and one-step method for the preparation of 2–4 nm diameter zirconia-coated gold nanoparticles at room temperature. These nanoparticles were synthesized by two simultaneous processes: the chemical reduction of tetrachloroauric acid with sodium borohydride and the formation of zirconia sol–gel matrices. All the gold nanoparticle sols were characterized by UV–visible absorption and transmission electron microscopy to determine the nanoparticle size and shape. The synthesis method is a combination of a polymeric structure of the amorphous zirconia and the use of a strong reducing agent, and it yields to very small quasi-spherical gold nanoparticles at room temperature. The thermal stability up to 1200 °C of the coated nanoparticles was studied by x-ray diffraction. The metastable tetragonal phase of the zirconia coating was obtained at 400 °C, and a progressive transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic phases of the zirconia coating was observed up to 1100 °C. After the heat treatment at 400 °C, the crystallite size of the gold nanoparticles was about 29 nm, and it remained unchanged from 400 °C to 1200 °C. These results are promising for the development of such materials as doping elements for optical fiber applications.