185 results on '"Remmers EF"'
Search Results
2. Genetic architecture distinguishes systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis from other forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: clinical and therapeutic implications
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Ombrello MJ, Arthur VL, Remmers EF, Hinks A, Tachmazidou I, Grom AA, Foell D, Martini A, Gattorno M, Özen S, Prahalad S, Zeft AS, Bohnsack JF, Ilowite NT, Mellins ED, Russo R, Len C, Hilario MO, Oliveira S, Yeung RS, Rosenberg AM, Wedderburn LR, Anton-Lopez J, Haas JP, Rosen-Wolff A, Minden K, Tenbrock K, Demirkaya E, Cobb J, Baskin E, Signa S, Shuldiner E, Duerr RH, Achkar JP, Kamboh MI, Kaufman KM, Kottyan LC, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Docampo E, Estivill X, Gül A, British Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology (BSPAR) Study Group, In, Langefeld CD, Thompson S, Zeggini E, Kastner DL, Woo P, and Thomson W
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musculoskeletal diseases ,genetic structures ,Gene Polymorphism ,Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ,Adult Onset Still's Disease - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of conditions unified by the presence of chronic childhood arthritis without an identifiable cause. Systemic JIA (sJIA) is a rare form of JIA characterised by systemic inflammation. sJIA is distinguished from other forms of JIA by unique clinical features and treatment responses that are similar to autoinflammatory diseases. However, approximately half of children with sJIA develop destructive, long-standing arthritis that appears similar to other forms of JIA. Using genomic approaches, we sought to gain novel insights into the pathophysiology of sJIA and its relationship with other forms of JIA. METHODS: We performed a genome-wide association study of 770 children with sJIA collected in nine countries by the International Childhood Arthritis Genetics Consortium. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were tested for association with sJIA. Weighted genetic risk scores were used to compare the genetic architecture of sJIA with other JIA subtypes. RESULTS: The major histocompatibility complex locus and a locus on chromosome 1 each showed association with sJIA exceeding the threshold for genome-wide significance, while 23 other novel loci were suggestive of association with sJIA. Using a combination of genetic and statistical approaches, we found no evidence of shared genetic architecture between sJIA and other common JIA subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of shared genetic risk factors between sJIA and other JIA subtypes supports the hypothesis that sJIA is a unique disease process and argues for a different classification framework. Research to improve sJIA therapy should target its unique genetics and specific pathophysiological pathways.
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- 2017
3. HLA-DRB1*11 and variants of the MHC class II locus are strong risk factors for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
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Ombrello MJ, Remmers EF, Tachmazidou I, Grom A, Foell D, Haas JP, Martini A, Gattorno M, Özen S, Prahalad S, Zeft AS, Bohnsack JF, Mellins ED, Ilowite NT, Russo R, Len C, Hilario MO, Oliveira S, Yeung RS, Rosenberg A, Wedderburn LR, Anton-Lopez J, Schwarz T, Hinks A, Bilginer Y, Park J, Cobb J, Satorius CL, Han B, Baskin E, Signa S, Duerr RH, Achkar JP, Kamboh MI, Kaufman KM, Kottyan LC, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Docampo E, Estivill X, Gül A, British Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology (BSPAR) Study Group, Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS) Group, Randomized Placebo Phase Study of Rilonacept in sJIA (RAPPORT) Investigators, Sparks-Childhood Arthritis Response to Medication Study (CHARMS) Group, Biologically Based Outcome Predictors in JIA (BBOP) Group, de Bakker PI, Raychaudhuri S, Langefeld CD, Thompson S, Zeggini E, Thomson W, Kastner DL, Woo P, International Childhood Arthritis Genetics (INCHARGE) Consortium, and British Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology BSPAR Study Group
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- 2015
4. Identification of ERAP1 protein allotypes in the Turkish population and evaluation of their contributions to Behçet's disease risk
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Remmers, EF, primary, Takeuchi, M, additional, Ombrello, MJ, additional, Kirino, Y, additional, Erer, B, additional, Tugal-Tutkun, I, additional, Seyahi, E, additional, Ozyazgan, Y, additional, Gul, A, additional, and Kastner, DL, additional
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- 2015
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5. PW03-010 - MHC complexity in Behçet's disease
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Ombrello, MJ, primary, Kirino, Y, additional, de Bakker, P, additional, Cosan, F, additional, Kastner, DL, additional, Gul, A, additional, and Remmers, EF, additional
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- 2013
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6. PW03-011 – New Behçet's loci and gene-gene interactions
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Remmers, EF, primary, Kirino, Y, additional, Bertsias, G, additional, Ombrello, MJ, additional, Wood, G, additional, Ishigatsubo, Y, additional, Mizuki, N, additional, Tugal-Tutkun, I, additional, Seyahi, E, additional, Ozyazgan, Y, additional, Kastner, DL, additional, and Gül, A, additional
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- 2013
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7. PW03-014 - TLR4 and MEFV variants are Behçet's risk factors
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Kirino, Y, primary, Zhou, Q, additional, Ishigatsubo, Y, additional, Mizuki, N, additional, Kim, Y, additional, Kastner, DL, additional, Gül, A, additional, and Remmers, EF, additional
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- 2013
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8. Familial mediterranean fever with a single MEFV mutation: Where is the second hit?
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Booty MG, Chae JJ, Masters SL, Remmers EF, Barham B, Le JM, Barron KS, Holland SM, Kastner DL, and Aksentijevich I
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OBJECTIVE: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) has traditionally been considered an autosomal-recessive disease; however, it has been observed that a substantial number of patients with clinical FMF possess only 1 demonstrable MEFV mutation. The purpose of this study was to perform an extensive search for a second MEFV mutation in 46 patients diagnosed clinically as having FMF and carrying only 1 high-penetrance FMF mutation. METHODS: MEFV and other candidate genes were sequenced by standard capillary electrophoresis. In 10 patients, the entire 15-kb MEFV genomic region was resequenced using hybridization-based chip technology. MEFV gene expression levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pyrin protein levels were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: A second MEFV mutation was not identified in any of the patients who were screened. Haplotype analysis did not identify a common haplotype that might be associated with the transmission of a second FMF allele. Western blots did not demonstrate a significant difference in pyrin levels between patients with a single mutation and those with a double mutation; however, FMF patients of both types showed higher protein expression as compared with controls and with non-FMF patients with active inflammation. Screening of genes encoding pyrin-interacting proteins identified rare mutations in a small number of patients, suggesting the possibility of digenic inheritance. CONCLUSION: Our data underscore the existence of a significant subset of FMF patients who are carriers of only 1 MEFV mutation and demonstrate that complete MEFV sequencing is not likely to yield a second mutation. Screening for the set of the most common mutations and detection of a single mutation appears to be sufficient in the presence of clinical symptoms for the diagnosis of FMF and the initiation of a trial of colchicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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9. The chromosome 7q region association with rheumatoid arthritis in females in a british population is not replicated in a North American case-control series.
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Korman BD, Seldin MF, Taylor KE, Le JM, Lee AT, Plenge RM, Amos CI, Criswell LA, Gregersen PK, Kastner DL, and Remmers EF
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OBJECTIVE: The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11761231 on chromosome 7q has been reported to be sexually dimorphic marker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility in a British population. We sought to replicate this finding and to better characterize susceptibility alleles in the region in a North American population. METHODS: DNA from 2 North American collections of RA patients and controls (1,605 cases and 2,640 controls) was genotyped for rs11761231 and 16 additional chromosome 7q tag SNPs using Sequenom iPlex assays. Association tests were performed for each collection and also separately, contrasting male cases with male controls and female cases with female controls. Principal components analysis (EigenStrat) was used to determine association with RA before and after adjusting for population stratification in the subset of the samples for which there were whole-genome SNP data (772 cases and 1,213 controls). RESULTS: We failed to replicate an association of the 7q region with RA. Initially, rs11761231 showed evidence for association with RA in the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) collection (P = 0.0073), and rs11765576 showed association with RA in both the NARAC (P = 0.038) and RA replication (P = 0.0013) collections. These markers also exhibited sex differentiation. However, in the whole-genome subset, neither SNP showed significant association with RA after correction for population stratification. CONCLUSION: While 2 SNPs on chromosome 7q appeared to be associated with RA in a North American cohort, the significance of this finding did not withstand correction for population substructure. Our results emphasize the need to carefully account for population structure to avoid false-positive disease associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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10. STAT4 and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Remmers EF, Plenge RM, Lee AT, Graham RR, Hom G, Behrens TW, de Bakker PIW, Le JM, Lee H, Batliwalla F, Li W, Masters SL, Booty MG, Carulli JP, Padyukov L, Alfredsson L, Klareskog L, Chen WV, Amos CI, and Criswell LA
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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a substantial genetic component. Susceptibility to disease has been linked with a region on chromosome 2q.Methods: We tested single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in and around 13 candidate genes within the previously linked chromosome 2q region for association with rheumatoid arthritis. We then performed fine mapping of the STAT1-STAT4 region in a total of 1620 case patients with established rheumatoid arthritis and 2635 controls, all from North America. Implicated SNPs were further tested in an independent case-control series of 1529 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and 881 controls, all from Sweden, and in a total of 1039 case patients and 1248 controls from three series of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Results: A SNP haplotype in the third intron of STAT4 was associated with susceptibility to both rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The minor alleles of the haplotype-defining SNPs were present in 27% of chromosomes of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis, as compared with 22% of those of controls (for the SNP rs7574865, P=2.81x10(-7); odds ratio for having the risk allele in chromosomes of patients vs. those of controls, 1.32). The association was replicated in Swedish patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (P=0.02) and matched controls. The haplotype marked by rs7574865 was strongly associated with lupus, being present on 31% of chromosomes of case patients and 22% of those of controls (P=1.87x10(-9); odds ratio for having the risk allele in chromosomes of patients vs. those of controls, 1.55). Homozygosity of the risk allele, as compared with absence of the allele, was associated with a more than doubled risk for lupus and a 60% increased risk for rheumatoid arthritis.Conclusions: A haplotype of STAT4 is associated with increased risk for both rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting a shared pathway for these illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2007
11. The clinical continuum of cryopyrinopathies: novel cias1 mutations in north american patients and a new cryopyrin model.
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Aksentijevich I, D Putnam C, Remmers EF, Mueller JL, Le J, Kolodner RD, Moak Z, Chuang M, Austin F, Goldbach-Mansky R, Hoffman HM, and Kastner DL
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OBJECTIVE: The cryopyrinopathies are a group of rare autoinflammatory disorders that are caused by mutations in CIAS1, encoding the cryopyrin protein. However, cryopyrin mutations are found only in 50% of patients with clinically diagnosed cryopyrinopathies. This study was undertaken to investigate the structural effect of disease-causing mutations on cryopyrin, in order to gain better understanding of the impact of disease-associated mutations on protein function. METHODS: We tested for CIAS1 mutations in 22 patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease/chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome, 12 with Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), 18 with familial cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), and 3 probands with MWS/FCAS. In a subset of mutation-negative patients, we screened for mutations in proteins that are either homologous to cryopyrin or involved in the caspase 1/interleukin-1beta signaling pathway. CIAS1 and other candidate genes were sequenced, models of cryopyrin domains were constructed using structurally homologous proteins as templates, and disease-causing mutations were mapped. RESULTS: Forty patients were mutation positive, and 7 novel mutations, V262A, C259W, L264F, V351L, F443L, F523C, and Y563N, were found in 9 patients. No mutations in any candidate genes were identified. Most mutations mapped to an inner surface of the hexameric ring in the cryopyrin model, consistent with the hypothesis that the mutations disrupt a closed form of cryopyrin, thus potentiating inflammasome assembly. Disease-causing mutations correlated with disease severity only for a subset of known mutations. CONCLUSION: Our modeling provides insight into potential molecular mechanisms by which cryopyrin mutations can inappropriately activate an inflammatory response. A significant number of patients who are clinically diagnosed as having cryopyrinopathies do not have identifiable disease-associated mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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12. The functional -169T-->C single-nucleotide polymorphism in FCRL3 is not associated with rheumatoid arthritis in white North Americans.
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Hu X, Chang M, Saiki RK, Cargill MA, Begovich AB, Ardlie KG, Criswell LA, Seldin MF, Amos CI, Gregersen PK, Kastner DL, and Remmers EF
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- 2006
13. Regulation of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: contrasting effects of HLA-DR3 and the shared epitope alleles.
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Irigoyen P, Lee AT, Wener MH, Li W, Kern M, Batliwalla F, Lum RF, Massarotti E, Weisman M, Bombardier C, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, Seldin MF, Criswell LA, and Gregersen PK
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and the production of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We studied 1,723 Caucasian RA patients enrolled in the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) family cohort and the Study of New Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis (SONORA) cohort. All patients were tested for anti-CCP antibodies (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), RF (by nephelometry), and HLA-DR genotype (by polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization). RESULTS: When controlled for the presence of RF, anti-CCP positivity was strongly associated with the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE). In RF+ patients, the presence of the SE was very significantly associated with anti-CCP positivity, with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.8 and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 4.1-8.3. This relationship was also seen in RF- patients (OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.8-5.3]). In contrast, RF positivity was not significantly associated with presence of the SE independently of anti-CCP antibodies. Strikingly, HLA-DRB1*03 was strongly associated with reduced anti-CCP titers, even after controlling for the presence of the SE and restricting the analysis to anti-CCP+ patients. HLA-DR3 was also associated with anti-CCP- RA in our population. CONCLUSION: The HLA-DRB1 SE is strongly associated with the production of anti-CCP antibodies, but not RF. In contrast, HLA-DR3 alleles are associated with anti-CCP- disease and with lower levels of anti-CCP antibodies, even when controlling for the SE. These data emphasize the complexity of the genetic effects of the major histocompatibility complex on the RA phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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14. De novo CIAS1 mutations, cytokine activation, and evidence for genetic heterogeneity in patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID): a new member of the expanding family of pyrin-associated autoinflammatory diseases.
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Aksentijevich I, Nowak M, Mallah M, Chae JJ, Watford WT, Hofmann SR, Stein L, Russo R, Goldsmith D, Dent P, Rosenberg HF, Austin F, Remmers EF, Balow JE Jr., Rosenzweig S, Komarow H, Shoham NG, Wood G, Jones J, and Mangra N
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- 2002
15. Identification of genomic regions controlling experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rats.
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Sun, S-H, Silver, PB, Caspi, RR, Du, Y, Chan, C-C, Wilder, RL, and Remmers, EF
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The present study attempts to identify specific genetic loci contributing to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) susceptibility in F2 progeny of resistant Fischer (F344/N) and susceptible Lewis (LEW/N) inbred rats. F2 progeny of F344/N x LEW/N inbred rats were immunized with the R16 peptide of interphotoreceptor retinoid -binding protein (IRBP). A genome-wide scan was conducted using 125 simple sequence length polymorphism markers in selected F2 animals that developed severe eye disease or remained unaffected to identify phenotype:genotype co-segregation. The F2 population (n = 1287) demonstrated a wide range of histologically assessed EAU scores (assessed on a scale of 0-4). The disease incidence and severity were not consistent with a simple Mendelian inheritance model. Of the F2 hybrid rats, 60% developed EAU, implying the existence of a potent susceptibility locus with incomplete penetrance associated with the LEW genome or a more complex polygenic model of inheritance. Two genomic regions, on chromosomes 4 and 12, showed strong genetic linkage to the EAU phenotype (P <0.016), suggesting the presence of susceptibility loci in these chromosomal regions. In conclusion, we have identified two genomic candidate intervals from D4Arb8 to D4Mit17 on chromosome 4 and from the chromosome end to D12Arb8 on chromosome 12, that appear to influence EAU susceptibility in LEW/F344 rats. Further analysis of these genomic regions may lead to identification of the susceptibility genes and to characterization of their function. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 1999
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16. Mutational analysis in neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease: comment on the articles by Frenkel et al and Saito et al.
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Aksentijevich I, Remmers EF, Goldbach-Mansky R, Reiff A, Kastner DL, Frenkel J, van Kempen M, Saito M, Fujisawa A, Nishikomori R, Kambe N, Miyachi Y, Heike T, and Nakahata T
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- 2006
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17. TRAF1-C5 as a risk locus for rheumatoid arthritis--a genomewide study.
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Plenge RM, Seielstad M, Padyukov L, Lee AT, Remmers EF, Ding B, Liew A, Khalili H, Chandrasekaran A, Davies LRL, Li W, Tan AKS, Bonnard C, Ong RTH, Thalamuthu A, Pettersson S, Liu C, Tian C, Chen WV, and Carulli JP
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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis has a complex mode of inheritance. Although HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22 are well-established susceptibility loci, other genes that confer a modest level of risk have been identified recently. We carried out a genomewide association analysis to identify additional genetic loci associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: We genotyped 317,503 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a combined case-control study of 1522 case subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and 1850 matched control subjects. The patients were seropositive for autoantibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP). We obtained samples from two data sets, the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) and the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA). Results from NARAC and EIRA for 297,086 SNPs that passed quality-control filters were combined with the use of Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel stratified analysis. SNPs showing a significant association with disease (P<1x10(-8)) were genotyped in an independent set of case subjects with anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis (485 from NARAC and 512 from EIRA) and in control subjects (1282 from NARAC and 495 from EIRA).Results: We observed associations between disease and variants in the major-histocompatibility-complex locus, in PTPN22, and in a SNP (rs3761847) on chromosome 9 for all samples tested, the latter with an odds ratio of 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 1.42; P=4x10(-14)). The SNP is in linkage disequilibrium with two genes relevant to chronic inflammation: TRAF1 (encoding tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1) and C5 (encoding complement component 5).Conclusions: A common genetic variant at the TRAF1-C5 locus on chromosome 9 is associated with an increased risk of anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2007
18. Additive loss-of-function proteasome subunit mutations in CANDLE/PRAAS patients promote type I IFN production
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Kristina I. Rother, Wanxia L. Tsai, Qing Zhou, Elaine F. Remmers, Rhina D. Castillo, Yan Huang, Anja Brehm, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, Franziska Sotzny, Yin Liu, Robert Wesley, Bernadette Marrero, Peter W. Hildebrand, Helen J. Lachmann, Deborah L. Stone, André Mégarbané, Ebun Omoyinmi, Adriana Almeida de Jesus, Massimo Gadina, Paul A. Brogan, Antonio Torrelo, Adam L Reinhardt, Angel Vera Casano, Dawn Chapelle, G Montealegre, Phil McCoy, Jae Jin Chae, Lela Kardava, Martin Pelletier, Susan Moir, Suvimol Hill, Elke Krüger, Diane E. Brown, Ling Gao, Abraham Zlotogorski, Angelique Biancotto, Jilian Brady, Hanna Kim, Ivona Aksentijevich, Afzal Sheikh, Daniel L. Kastner, Chyi-Chia Richard Lee, Yongqing Chen, [Brehm,A, Sotzny,F, Krüger,E] Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany. [Liu,Y, Sheikh,A, Marrero,B, Montealegre,G, Almeida de Jesus,A, Kim,H, Chapelle,D, Huang,Y, Chen,Y, Goldbach-Mansky,R] Translational Autoinflammatory Disease Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [Sheikh,A, Zhou,Q, Remmers,EF, Chae,JJ, Brady,J, Stone,D, Kastner,DL, Aksentijevich,I] Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [Omoyinmi,E, Brogan,P] University College London Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. [Biancotto,A, McCoy,P] Center of Human Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [Reinhardt,A] Children’s Hospital and Medical Center and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. [Pelletier,M] Autoimmunity Branch. [Tsai,WL, Gadina,M] Office of Science and Technology, NIAMS. [Kardava,L, Moir,S] Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. [Hill,S] Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [Lachmann,HJ] National Amyloidosis Centre, University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom. [Megarbane,A] Medical Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon. Institut Jerome Lejeune, Paris, France. [Castillo,RD, Brown,D] Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [Vera Castillo,A] Hospital Carlos Haya, Malaga, Andalusia, Spain. [Gao,L] College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. [Lee,CR] Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [Torrelo,A] Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain. [Zlotogorski,A] Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. [Wesley,R] Reproductive Biology and Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. [Rother,KR] Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [Hildebrand,PW] Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany., and This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIAMS at the NIH, by the Berlin Institute of Health, and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB TR 43 to E. Krüger, SFB740 to E. Krüger and P.W. Hildebrand).
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Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Phenotype [Medical Subject Headings] ,Lipodystrophy ,Transcription, Genetic ,PSMA3 ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings] ,Células cultivadas ,Subunidades de proteínas ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical investigation ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Models, Theoretical::Models, Molecular [Medical Subject Headings] ,Medicine ,Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Interferons::Interferon Type I [Medical Subject Headings] ,Interferón de tipo I ,Chaperonas moleculares ,Cells, Cultured ,Alineación de secuencias ,General Medicine ,Pedigree ,Enfermedades autoinflamatorias hereditarias ,Deleción de secuencias ,Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease::Syndrome [Medical Subject Headings] ,Interferon Type I ,RNA Interference ,Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genotype [Medical Subject Headings] ,Erratum ,Fenotipo ,Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Molecular Chaperones [Medical Subject Headings] ,Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings] ,Genotype ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Síndrome ,Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Protein Subunits [Medical Subject Headings] ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mutación de sentido erróneo ,Diseases::Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities::Genetic Diseases, Inborn::Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases [Medical Subject Headings] ,Humans ,Secuencia de aminoácidos ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Loss function ,Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases ,Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation::Sequence Deletion [Medical Subject Headings] ,Fibroblasts ,Conformación de proteínas ,Transcripción genética ,Protein Subunits ,Regulación de la expresión génica ,030104 developmental biology ,Information Science::Information Science::Information Services::Documentation::Molecular Sequence Data [Medical Subject Headings] ,Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::Gene Expression Regulation::Epigenesis, Genetic::Gene Silencing::RNA Interference [Medical Subject Headings] ,Proteasome ,Complejo de endopeptidasas de los proteasomas ,Anatomy::Cells::Cells, Cultured [Medical Subject Headings] ,Immunology ,Mutation ,Phenomena and Processes::Chemical Phenomena::Biochemical Phenomena::Molecular Structure::Amino Acid Sequence [Medical Subject Headings] ,Genotipo ,Molecular Chaperones ,0301 basic medicine ,Models, Molecular ,Protein Conformation ,Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::Gene Expression Regulation [Medical Subject Headings] ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Genetic Techniques::Pedigree [Medical Subject Headings] ,Modelos moleculares ,Chemicals and Drugs::Macromolecular Substances::Multiprotein Complexes::Multienzyme Complexes::Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex [Medical Subject Headings] ,Missense mutation ,Homología de secuencias de aminoácidos ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Anatomy::Cells::Connective Tissue Cells::Fibroblasts::Myofibroblasts [Medical Subject Headings] ,Sequence Deletion ,Genetics ,Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides::Nucleic Acids::RNA::RNA, Untranslated::RNA, Small Untranslated::RNA, Small Interfering [Medical Subject Headings] ,Type I IFN production ,Syndrome ,Interferencia por ARN ,Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation::Mutation, Missense [Medical Subject Headings] ,Phenotype ,Research Article ,Datos de Secuencia Molecular ,Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ,Protein subunit ,Mutation, Missense ,Biology ,Linaje ,Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::Gene Expression::Transcription, Genetic [Medical Subject Headings] ,Mutación ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,business.industry ,PSMB8 ,Phenomena and Processes::Chemical Phenomena::Biochemical Phenomena::Molecular Structure::Molecular Conformation::Protein Conformation [Medical Subject Headings] ,PSMB9 ,PSMB4 ,Molecular biology ,Fibroblastos ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Genetic Techniques::Sequence Alignment [Medical Subject Headings] ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Proteasome assembly ,Proteasome maturation protein ,business ,Sequence Alignment ,Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Sequence Homology::Sequence Homology, Amino Acid [Medical Subject Headings] ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Erratium en J Clin Invest. 2016 Feb 1;126(2):795. doi: 10.1172/JCI86020: https://www.jci.org/articles/view/86020 Autosomal recessive mutations in proteasome subunit β 8 (PSMB8), which encodes the inducible proteasome subunit β5i, cause the immune-dysregulatory disease chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE), which is classified as a proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (PRAAS). Here, we identified 8 mutations in 4 proteasome genes, PSMA3 (encodes α7), PSMB4 (encodes β7), PSMB9 (encodes β1i), and proteasome maturation protein (POMP), that have not been previously associated with disease and 1 mutation in PSMB8 that has not been previously reported. One patient was compound heterozygous for PSMB4 mutations, 6 patients from 4 families were heterozygous for a missense mutation in 1 inducible proteasome subunit and a mutation in a constitutive proteasome subunit, and 1 patient was heterozygous for a POMP mutation, thus establishing a digenic and autosomal dominant inheritance pattern of PRAAS. Function evaluation revealed that these mutations variably affect transcription, protein expression, protein folding, proteasome assembly, and, ultimately, proteasome activity. Moreover, defects in proteasome formation and function were recapitulated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of the respective subunits in primary fibroblasts from healthy individuals. Patient-isolated hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells exhibited a strong IFN gene-expression signature, irrespective of genotype. Additionally, chemical proteasome inhibition or progressive depletion of proteasome subunit gene transcription with siRNA induced transcription of type I IFN genes in healthy control cells. Our results provide further insight into CANDLE genetics and link global proteasome dysfunction to increased type I IFN production. Yes
- Published
- 2015
19. Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and STAT4.
- Author
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Dagna L, Frontino G, Praderio L, Remmers EF, Plenge RM, and Gregersen PK
- Published
- 2007
20. Variant STAT4 and Response to Ruxolitinib in an Autoinflammatory Syndrome.
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Baghdassarian H, Blackstone SA, Clay OS, Philips R, Matthiasardottir B, Nehrebecky M, Hua VK, McVicar R, Liu Y, Tucker SM, Randazzo D, Deuitch N, Rosenzweig S, Mark A, Sasik R, Fisch KM, Pimpale Chavan P, Eren E, Watts NR, Ma CA, Gadina M, Schwartz DM, Sanyal A, Werner G, Murdock DR, Horita N, Chowdhury S, Dimmock D, Jepsen K, Remmers EF, Goldbach-Mansky R, Gahl WA, O'Shea JJ, Milner JD, Lewis NE, Chang J, Kastner DL, Torok K, Oda H, Putnam CD, and Broderick L
- Subjects
- Nitriles, Pyrazoles therapeutic use, Pyrazoles pharmacology, Pyrimidines, Mutation, Missense, Gain of Function Mutation, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Janus Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Scleroderma, Systemic drug therapy, Scleroderma, Systemic genetics, Autoimmune Diseases drug therapy, Autoimmune Diseases genetics, Dermatologic Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Disabling pansclerotic morphea (DPM) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder, characterized by poor wound healing, fibrosis, cytopenias, hypogammaglobulinemia, and squamous-cell carcinoma. The cause is unknown, and mortality is high., Methods: We evaluated four patients from three unrelated families with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance of DPM. Genomic sequencing independently identified three heterozygous variants in a specific region of the gene that encodes signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 ( STAT4 ). Primary skin fibroblast and cell-line assays were used to define the functional nature of the genetic defect. We also assayed gene expression using single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells to identify inflammatory pathways that may be affected in DPM and that may respond to therapy., Results: Genome sequencing revealed three novel heterozygous missense gain-of-function variants in STAT4 . In vitro, primary skin fibroblasts showed enhanced interleukin-6 secretion, with impaired wound healing, contraction of the collagen matrix, and matrix secretion. Inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT signaling with ruxolitinib led to improvement in the hyperinflammatory fibroblast phenotype in vitro and resolution of inflammatory markers and clinical symptoms in treated patients, without adverse effects. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed expression patterns consistent with an immunodysregulatory phenotype that were appropriately modified through JAK inhibition., Conclusions: Gain-of-function variants in STAT4 caused DPM in the families that we studied. The JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib attenuated the dermatologic and inflammatory phenotype in vitro and in the affected family members. (Funded by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Foundation and others.)., (Copyright © 2023 Massachusetts Medical Society.)
- Published
- 2023
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21. Severe delayed hypersensitivity reactions to IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors link to common HLA-DRB1*15 alleles.
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Saper VE, Ombrello MJ, Tremoulet AH, Montero-Martin G, Prahalad S, Canna S, Shimizu C, Deutsch G, Tan SY, Remmers EF, Monos D, Hahn T, Phadke OK, Cassidy E, Ferguson I, Mallajosyula V, Xu J, Rosa Duque JS, Chua GT, Ghosh D, Szymanski AM, Rubin D, Burns JC, Tian L, Fernandez-Vina MA, Mellins ED, and Hollenbach JA
- Subjects
- Adult, Alleles, Case-Control Studies, Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome genetics, Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome immunology, Drug Tolerance genetics, Female, HLA-DRB1 Chains immunology, Haplotypes, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Delayed immunology, Interleukin-1 antagonists & inhibitors, Interleukin-6 antagonists & inhibitors, Male, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome drug therapy, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome genetics, Retrospective Studies, Still's Disease, Adult-Onset immunology, Antirheumatic Agents adverse effects, HLA-DRB1 Chains genetics, Hypersensitivity, Delayed genetics, Still's Disease, Adult-Onset drug therapy, Still's Disease, Adult-Onset genetics
- Abstract
Objectives: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe, delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DHR). We observed DRESS to inhibitors of interleukin 1 (IL-1) or IL-6 in a small group of patients with Still's disease with atypical lung disease. We sought to characterise features of patients with Still's disease with DRESS compared with drug-tolerant Still's controls. We analysed human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles for association to inhibitor-related DHR, including in a small Kawasaki disease (KD) cohort., Methods: In a case/control study, we collected a multicentre series of patients with Still's disease with features of inhibitor-related DRESS (n=66) and drug-tolerant Still's controls (n=65). We retrospectively analysed clinical data from all Still's subjects and typed 94/131 for HLA. European Still's-DRESS cases were ancestry matched to International Childhood Arthritis Genetics Consortium paediatric Still's cases (n=550) and compared for HLA allele frequencies. HLA association also was analysed using Still's-DRESS cases (n=64) compared with drug-tolerant Still's controls (n=30). KD subjects (n=19) were similarly studied., Results: Still's-DRESS features included eosinophilia (89%), AST-ALT elevation (75%) and non-evanescent rash (95%; 88% involving face). Macrophage activation syndrome during treatment was frequent in Still's-DRESS (64%) versus drug-tolerant Still's (3%; p=1.2×10
-14 ). We found striking enrichment for HLA-DRB1*15 haplotypes in Still's-DRESS cases versus INCHARGE Still's controls (p=7.5×10-13 ) and versus self-identified, ancestry-matched Still's controls (p=6.3×10-10 ). In the KD cohort, DRB1*15:01 was present only in those with suspected anakinra reactions., Conclusions: DRESS-type reactions occur among patients treated with IL-1/IL-6 inhibitors and strongly associate with common HLA-DRB1*15 haplotypes. Consideration of preprescription HLA typing and vigilance for serious reactions to these drugs are warranted., Competing Interests: Competing interests: VES, GD, report personal fees from Novartis, SP reports fees from Novartis outside the current work, SC reports personal fees from Novartis and grants from AB2 Bio, EDM reports grants from Novartis and JAH reports grant from Genentech. Drug Hypersensitivity Consortium: SL, GSS, SS and MS report personal fees from Novartis, AAG reports grants and personal fees from Novartis and grants from NovImmune. INCHARGE Consortium: No conflicts of interest., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)- Published
- 2022
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22. Sequence-Based Screening of Patients With Idiopathic Polyarteritis Nodosa, Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis, and Microscopic Polyangiitis for Deleterious Genetic Variants in ADA2.
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Schnappauf O, Sampaio Moura N, Aksentijevich I, Stoffels M, Ombrello AK, Hoffmann P, Barron K, Remmers EF, Hershfield M, Kelly SJ, Cuthbertson D, Carette S, Chung SA, Forbess L, Khalidi NA, Koening CL, Langford CA, McAlear CA, Monach PA, Moreland L, Pagnoux C, Seo P, Springer JM, Sreih AG, Warrington KJ, Ytterberg SR, Kastner DL, Grayson PC, and Merkel PA
- Subjects
- Adenosine Deaminase deficiency, Adenosine Deaminase metabolism, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cohort Studies, Female, Genetic Testing, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins deficiency, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Polyarteritis Nodosa metabolism, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Young Adult, Adenosine Deaminase genetics, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis genetics, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Microscopic Polyangiitis genetics, Polyarteritis Nodosa genetics
- Abstract
Objective: Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic form of vasculitis that can resemble polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). This study was undertaken to identify potential disease-causing sequence variants in ADA2 in patients with idiopathic PAN, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)., Methods: Patients with idiopathic PAN (n = 118) and patients with GPA or MPA (n = 1,107) were screened for rare nonsynonymous variants in ADA2 using DNA sequencing methods. ADA-2 enzyme activity was assessed in selected serum samples., Results: Nine of 118 patients with PAN (7.6%) were identified as having rare nonsynonymous variants in ADA2. Four patients (3.4%) were biallelic for pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, and 5 patients (4.2%) were monoallelic carriers for 3 variants of uncertain significance and 2 likely pathogenic variants. Serum samples from 2 patients with PAN with biallelic variants were available and showed markedly reduced ADA-2 enzyme activity. ADA-2 enzyme testing of 86 additional patients revealed 1 individual with strongly reduced ADA-2 activity without detectable pathogenic variants. Patients with PAN and biallelic variants in ADA2 were younger at diagnosis than patients with 1 or no variant in ADA2, with no other clinical differences noted. None of the patients with GPA or MPA carried biallelic variants in ADA2., Conclusion: A subset of patients with idiopathic PAN meet genetic criteria for DADA2. Given that tumor necrosis factor inhibition is efficacious in DADA2 but is not conventional therapy for PAN, these findings suggest that ADA-2 testing should strongly be considered in patients with hepatitis B virus-negative idiopathic PAN., (© 2020 American College of Rheumatology. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)
- Published
- 2021
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23. Genetic control of CCL24, POR, and IL23R contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
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Meguro A, Ishihara M, Petrek M, Yamamoto K, Takeuchi M, Mrazek F, Kolek V, Benicka A, Yamane T, Shibuya E, Yoshino A, Isomoto A, Ota M, Yatsu K, Shijubo N, Nagai S, Yamaguchi E, Yamaguchi T, Namba K, Kaburaki T, Takase H, Morimoto SI, Hori J, Kono K, Goto H, Suda T, Ikushima S, Ando Y, Takenaka S, Takeuchi M, Yuasa T, Sugisaki K, Ohguro N, Hiraoka M, Kitaichi N, Sugiyama Y, Horita N, Asukata Y, Kawagoe T, Kimura I, Ishido M, Inoko H, Mochizuki M, Ohno S, Bahram S, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, and Mizuki N
- Subjects
- Alleles, Chemokine CCL24 metabolism, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Japan, Male, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Receptors, Interleukin metabolism, Sarcoidosis diagnosis, Sarcoidosis metabolism, Chemokine CCL24 genetics, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Receptors, Interleukin genetics, Sarcoidosis etiology
- Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a genetically complex systemic inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs. We present a GWAS of a Japanese cohort (700 sarcoidosis cases and 886 controls) with replication in independent samples from Japan (931 cases and 1,042 controls) and the Czech Republic (265 cases and 264 controls). We identified three loci outside the HLA complex, CCL24, STYXL1-SRRM3, and C1orf141-IL23R, which showed genome-wide significant associations (P < 5.0 × 10
-8 ) with sarcoidosis; CCL24 and STYXL1-SRRM3 were novel. The disease-risk alleles in CCL24 and IL23R were associated with reduced CCL24 and IL23R expression, respectively. The disease-risk allele in STYXL1-SRRM3 was associated with elevated POR expression. These results suggest that genetic control of CCL24, POR, and IL23R expression contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. We speculate that the CCL24 risk allele might be involved in a polarized Th1 response in sarcoidosis, and that POR and IL23R risk alleles may lead to diminished host defense against sarcoidosis pathogens.- Published
- 2020
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24. Ancient familial Mediterranean fever mutations in human pyrin and resistance to Yersinia pestis.
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Park YH, Remmers EF, Lee W, Ombrello AK, Chung LK, Shilei Z, Stone DL, Ivanov MI, Loeven NA, Barron KS, Hoffmann P, Nehrebecky M, Akkaya-Ulum YZ, Sag E, Balci-Peynircioglu B, Aksentijevich I, Gül A, Rotimi CN, Chen H, Bliska JB, Ozen S, Kastner DL, Shriner D, and Chae JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins immunology, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins metabolism, Disease Resistance immunology, Haplotypes, Humans, Inflammasomes immunology, Inflammasomes metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mutation, Pyrin immunology, Pyrin metabolism, Turkey, Virulence Factors immunology, Virulence Factors metabolism, Yersinia pestis, Disease Resistance genetics, Familial Mediterranean Fever genetics, Plague immunology, Plague metabolism, Pyrin genetics, Selection, Genetic genetics
- Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in MEFV, which encodes pyrin, an inflammasome protein. Heterozygous carrier frequencies for multiple MEFV mutations are high in several Mediterranean populations, suggesting that they confer selective advantage. Among 2,313 Turkish people, we found extended haplotype homozygosity flanking FMF-associated mutations, indicating evolutionarily recent positive selection of FMF-associated mutations. Two pathogenic pyrin variants independently arose >1,800 years ago. Mutant pyrin interacts less avidly with Yersinia pestis virulence factor YopM than with wild-type human pyrin, thereby attenuating YopM-induced interleukin (IL)-1β suppression. Relative to healthy controls, leukocytes from patients with FMF harboring homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations and from asymptomatic heterozygous carriers released heightened IL-1β specifically in response to Y. pestis. Y. pestis-infected Mefv
M680I/M680I FMF knock-in mice exhibited IL-1-dependent increased survival relative to wild-type knock-in mice. Thus, FMF mutations that were positively selected in Mediterranean populations confer heightened resistance to Y. pestis.- Published
- 2020
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25. Common genetic susceptibility loci link PFAPA syndrome, Behçet's disease, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
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Manthiram K, Preite S, Dedeoglu F, Demir S, Ozen S, Edwards KM, Lapidus S, Katz AE, Feder HM Jr, Lawton M, Licameli GR, Wright PF, Le J, Barron KS, Ombrello AK, Barham B, Romeo T, Jones A, Srinivasalu H, Mudd PA, DeBiasi RL, Gül A, Marshall GS, Jones OY, Chandrasekharappa SC, Stepanovskiy Y, Ferguson PJ, Schwartzberg PL, Remmers EF, and Kastner DL
- Subjects
- Alleles, Behcet Syndrome immunology, Child, Cohort Studies, Fever immunology, Genes, MHC Class I genetics, Genes, MHC Class I immunology, Genes, MHC Class II genetics, Genes, MHC Class II immunology, Genetic Loci immunology, Humans, Lymphadenitis immunology, Pharyngitis immunology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors, Stomatitis, Aphthous immunology, Syndrome, Behcet Syndrome genetics, Fever genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Lymphadenitis genetics, Pharyngitis genetics, Stomatitis, Aphthous genetics
- Abstract
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common periodic fever syndrome in children. The disease appears to cluster in families, but the pathogenesis is unknown. We queried two European-American cohorts and one Turkish cohort (total n = 231) of individuals with PFAPA for common variants previously associated with two other oropharyngeal ulcerative disorders, Behçet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. In a metaanalysis, we found that a variant upstream of IL12A (rs17753641) is strongly associated with PFAPA (OR 2.13, P = 6 × 10
-9 ). We demonstrated that monocytes from individuals who are heterozygous or homozygous for this risk allele produce significantly higher levels of IL-12p70 upon IFN-γ and LPS stimulation than those from individuals without the risk allele. We also found that variants near STAT4 , IL10 , and CCR1-CCR3 were significant susceptibility loci for PFAPA, suggesting that the pathogenesis of PFAPA involves abnormal antigen-presenting cell function and T cell activity and polarization, thereby implicating both innate and adaptive immune responses at the oropharyngeal mucosa. Our results illustrate genetic similarities among recurrent aphthous stomatitis, PFAPA, and Behçet's disease, placing these disorders on a common spectrum, with recurrent aphthous stomatitis on the mild end, Behçet's disease on the severe end, and PFAPA intermediate. We propose naming these disorders Behçet's spectrum disorders to highlight their relationship. HLA alleles may be factors that influence phenotypes along this spectrum as we found new class I and II HLA associations for PFAPA distinct from Behçet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis., Competing Interests: Competing interest statement: F.D. is a consultant to Novartis and receives royalties from UpToDate. K.M.E. is on the Data Safety and Monitoring Board for Seqirus, Pfizer, Sanofi, Moderna, and X4 Pharma, and serves as an advisor to Bio-Net and Merck. P.F.W. is on the scientific advisory boards for GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi-Pasteur, and Meissa Vaccines., (Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)- Published
- 2020
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26. HLA and autoantibodies define scleroderma subtypes and risk in African and European Americans and suggest a role for molecular mimicry.
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Gourh P, Safran SA, Alexander T, Boyden SE, Morgan ND, Shah AA, Mayes MD, Doumatey A, Bentley AR, Shriner D, Domsic RT, Medsger TA Jr, Ramos PS, Silver RM, Steen VD, Varga J, Hsu V, Saketkoo LA, Schiopu E, Khanna D, Gordon JK, Kron B, Criswell LA, Gladue H, Derk CT, Bernstein EJ, Bridges SL Jr, Shanmugam VK, Kolstad KD, Chung L, Kafaja S, Jan R, Trojanowski M, Goldberg A, Korman BD, Steinbach PJ, Chandrasekharappa SC, Mullikin JC, Adeyemo A, Rotimi C, Wigley FM, Kastner DL, Boin F, and Remmers EF
- Subjects
- Black or African American genetics, Alleles, Amino Acid Sequence genetics, Antigens, Viral genetics, Antigens, Viral immunology, Autoantigens immunology, Computational Biology, Datasets as Topic, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, HLA Antigens immunology, Humans, Male, Mimiviridae immunology, Phycodnaviridae immunology, Protein Structure, Secondary genetics, Risk Assessment, Scleroderma, Systemic epidemiology, Scleroderma, Systemic immunology, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, White People genetics, Autoantibodies immunology, Autoantigens genetics, HLA Antigens genetics, Molecular Mimicry immunology, Scleroderma, Systemic genetics
- Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a clinically heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by mutually exclusive autoantibodies directed against distinct nuclear antigens. We examined HLA associations in SSc and its autoantibody subsets in a large, newly recruited African American (AA) cohort and among European Americans (EA). In the AA population, the African ancestry-predominant HLA-DRB1 * 08:04 and HLA-DRB1 * 11:02 alleles were associated with overall SSc risk, and the HLA-DRB1 * 08:04 allele was strongly associated with the severe antifibrillarin (AFA) antibody subset of SSc (odds ratio = 7.4). These African ancestry-predominant alleles may help explain the increased frequency and severity of SSc among the AA population. In the EA population, the HLA-DPB1 * 13:01 and HLA-DRB1 * 07:01 alleles were more strongly associated with antitopoisomerase (ATA) and anticentromere antibody-positive subsets of SSc, respectively, than with overall SSc risk, emphasizing the importance of HLA in defining autoantibody subtypes. The association of the HLA-DPB1 * 13:01 allele with the ATA
+ subset of SSc in both AA and EA patients demonstrated a transancestry effect. A direct correlation between SSc prevalence and HLA-DPB1 * 13:01 allele frequency in multiple populations was observed ( r = 0.98, P = 3 × 10-6 ). Conditional analysis in the autoantibody subsets of SSc revealed several associated amino acid residues, mostly in the peptide-binding groove of the class II HLA molecules. Using HLA α/β allelic heterodimers, we bioinformatically predicted immunodominant peptides of topoisomerase 1, fibrillarin, and centromere protein A and discovered that they are homologous to viral protein sequences from the Mimiviridae and Phycodnaviridae families. Taken together, these data suggest a possible link between HLA alleles, autoantibodies, and environmental triggers in the pathogenesis of SSc., Competing Interests: Competing interest statement: M.D.M. received consulting fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe, Astellas, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gerson Lehrman Group, Smart Analyst, and Guidepoint Global. R.T.D. received consulting fees from Eicos Sciences. D.K. received consulting fees from Actelion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Inventiva, EMD Merck-Serono, Sanofi-Aventis, GlaxoSmithKline, Corbus, Cytori, UCB, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Genentech-Roche, and research support from Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Pfizer, and owns stock or stock options in Eicos Sciences, Inc. (CiViBioPharma, Inc.). L.A.S. received consulting fees from Axon Pharma. H.G. received consulting fees from Pfizer, AbbVie, Actelion, and Horizon Pharmaceuticals. C.T.D. received research support from Gilead, Actelion, and Cytori. V.K.S. received research support from AbbVie. E.J.B. received consulting fees from Genentech. L.C. received consulting fees or served on the board of Reata, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eicos, and Mitsubishi Tanabe. S.L.B. and M.J.D. are coauthors on a 2015 research article., (Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)- Published
- 2020
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27. Pseudodominance of autoinflammatory disease in a single Turkish family explained by co-inheritance of haploinsufficiency of A20 and familial Mediterranean fever.
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Horita N, Gül A, Aksentijevich I, Kastner D, and Remmers EF
- Subjects
- Female, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Haploinsufficiency, Heterozygote, Humans, Pyrin, Turkey, Behcet Syndrome genetics, Familial Mediterranean Fever genetics, Mutation genetics
- Abstract
Objectives: We investigated a Turkish family with multiple patients presenting with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and Behçet's disease (BD)-like manifestations. The index case and the two daughters with Behçet-like disease, were previously found to have a TNFAIP3 frameshift mutation. The high number of affected cases in this expanded family could be consistent with a dominantly inherited inflammatory disease, although some individuals had clinical features more consistent with recessively inherited FMF. We sequenced DNA from members of this family to determine whether the TNFAIP3 frameshift mutation and/or MEFV variants could explain this autoinflammatory disease pedigree., Methods: Patients were clinically diagnosed to have FMF or BD. Sanger sequence targeting TNFAIP3 exon 5 and MEFV exon 10 was carried out., Results: The symptomatic mother of the index case and her affected maternal uncle had compound heterozygous FMF-associated MEFV mutations, p.Met680Ile and p.Arg761His. Two affected daughters of the maternal uncle also had compound heterozygous FMF-associated mutations, p.Met680Ile and p.Val726Ala. The index case and her two affected daughters had a TNFAIP3 frameshift mutation (c.799delG; p.Pro268Leufs*19), which is consistent with their HA20 diagnosis, and also carried a heterozygous MEFV p.Arg761His mutation., Conclusions: Autoinflammatory disease manifestations in a Turkish family with multiple affected cases could be explained by co-inheritance of pathogenic MEFV variants and a heterozygous HA20-associated mutation. FMF-associated p.Arg761His allele carried with the loss of function TNFAIP3 mutation by all three HA20 patients may contribute to their autoinflammatory phenotype and could also be responsible for their favourable response to colchicine.
- Published
- 2019
28. Brief Report: Whole-Exome Sequencing to Identify Rare Variants and Gene Networks That Increase Susceptibility to Scleroderma in African Americans.
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Gourh P, Remmers EF, Boyden SE, Alexander T, Morgan ND, Shah AA, Mayes MD, Doumatey A, Bentley AR, Shriner D, Domsic RT, Medsger TA Jr, Steen VD, Ramos PS, Silver RM, Korman B, Varga J, Schiopu E, Khanna D, Hsu V, Gordon JK, Saketkoo LA, Gladue H, Kron B, Criswell LA, Derk CT, Bridges SL Jr, Shanmugam VK, Kolstad KD, Chung L, Jan R, Bernstein EJ, Goldberg A, Trojanowski M, Kafaja S, Maksimowicz-McKinnon KM, Mullikin JC, Adeyemo A, Rotimi C, Boin F, Kastner DL, and Wigley FM
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphatases genetics, Adult, Extracellular Matrix Proteins genetics, Female, Genetic Variation, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Principal Component Analysis, White People genetics, Exome Sequencing, Black or African American genetics, Gene Regulatory Networks genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease ethnology, Scleroderma, Systemic ethnology, Scleroderma, Systemic genetics
- Abstract
Objective: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients of European American (EA) ancestry have identified variants in the ATP8B4 gene and enrichment of variants in genes in the extracellular matrix (ECM)-related pathway that increase SSc susceptibility. This study was undertaken to evaluate the association of the ATP8B4 gene and the ECM-related pathway with SSc in a cohort of African American (AA) patients., Methods: SSc patients of AA ancestry were enrolled from 23 academic centers across the US under the Genome Research in African American Scleroderma Patients consortium. Unrelated AA individuals without serologic evidence of autoimmunity who were enrolled in the Howard University Family Study were used as unaffected controls. Functional variants in genes reported in the 2 WES studies in EA patients with SSc were selected for gene association testing using the optimized sequence kernel association test (SKAT-O) and pathway analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis in 379 patients and 411 controls., Results: Principal components analysis demonstrated that the patients and controls had similar ancestral backgrounds, with roughly equal proportions of mean European admixture. Using SKAT-O, we examined the association of individual genes that were previously reported in EA patients and none remained significant, including ATP8B4 (P = 0.98). However, we confirmed the previously reported association of the ECM-related pathway with enrichment of variants within the COL13A1, COL18A1, COL22A1, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL5A2, PROK1, and SERPINE1 genes (corrected P = 1.95 × 10
-4 )., Conclusion: In the largest genetic study in AA patients with SSc to date, our findings corroborate the role of functional variants that aggregate in a fibrotic pathway and increase SSc susceptibility., (© 2018, American College of Rheumatology.)- Published
- 2018
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29. IL1RN Variation Influences Both Disease Susceptibility and Response to Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Therapy in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
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Arthur VL, Shuldiner E, Remmers EF, Hinks A, Grom AA, Foell D, Martini A, Gattorno M, Özen S, Prahalad S, Zeft AS, Bohnsack JF, Ilowite NT, Mellins ED, Russo R, Len C, Oliveira S, Yeung RSM, Rosenberg AM, Wedderburn LR, Anton J, Haas JP, Rösen-Wolff A, Minden K, Szymanski AM, Thomson W, Kastner DL, Woo P, and Ombrello MJ
- Subjects
- Alleles, Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy, Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein drug effects, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein genetics, Male, Odds Ratio, Pharmacogenomic Variants drug effects, Pharmacogenomic Variants genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide drug effects, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Promoter Regions, Genetic genetics, Antirheumatic Agents pharmacology, Arthritis, Juvenile genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein pharmacology
- Abstract
Objective: To determine whether systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) susceptibility loci that were identified by candidate gene studies demonstrate association with systemic JIA in the largest study population assembled to date., Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 11 previously reported systemic JIA risk loci were examined for association in 9 populations, including 770 patients with systemic JIA and 6,947 controls. The effect of systemic JIA-associated SNPs on gene expression was evaluated in silico in paired whole genome and RNA sequencing data from the lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) of 373 European subjects from the 1000 Genomes Project. Responses of systemic JIA-associated SNPs to anakinra treatment were evaluated in 38 US patients for whom treatment response data were available., Results: We found no association between the previously reported 26 SNPs and systemic JIA. Expanded analysis of the regions containing the 26 SNPs revealed only 1 significant association: the promoter region of IL1RN (P < 1 × 10
-4 ). Systemic JIA-associated SNPs correlated with IL1RN expression in LCLs, with an inverse correlation between systemic JIA risk and IL1RN expression. The presence of homozygous IL1RN high expression alleles correlated strongly with a lack of response to anakinra therapy (odds ratio 28.7 [95% confidence interval 3.2-255.8])., Conclusion: In our study, IL1RN was the only candidate locus associated with systemic JIA. The implicated SNPs are among the strongest known determinants of IL1RN and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels, linking low expression with increased systemic JIA risk. Homozygous high expression alleles predicted nonresponsiveness to anakinra therapy, making them ideal candidate biomarkers to guide systemic JIA treatment. This study is an important first step toward the personalized treatment of systemic JIA., (© 2018, American College of Rheumatology.)- Published
- 2018
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30. Aberrant tRNA processing causes an autoinflammatory syndrome responsive to TNF inhibitors.
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Giannelou A, Wang H, Zhou Q, Park YH, Abu-Asab MS, Ylaya K, Stone DL, Sediva A, Sleiman R, Sramkova L, Bhatla D, Serti E, Tsai WL, Yang D, Bishop K, Carrington B, Pei W, Deuitch N, Brooks S, Edwan JH, Joshi S, Prader S, Kaiser D, Owen WC, Sonbul AA, Zhang Y, Niemela JE, Burgess SM, Boehm M, Rehermann B, Chae J, Quezado MM, Ombrello AK, Buckley RH, Grom AA, Remmers EF, Pachlopnik JM, Su HC, Gutierrez-Cruz G, Hewitt SM, Sood R, Risma K, Calvo KR, Rosenzweig SD, Gadina M, Hafner M, Sun HW, Kastner DL, and Aksentijevich I
- Subjects
- Adult, Anemia, Sideroblastic blood, Child, Child, Preschool, Cytokines blood, Cytokines genetics, Developmental Disabilities genetics, Female, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked blood, Humans, Immunophenotyping, Male, Pedigree, Phenotype, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha analysis, Exome Sequencing, Anemia, Sideroblastic genetics, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked genetics, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes genetics, Mutation, Nucleotidyltransferases genetics, RNA, Transfer genetics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
Objectives: To characterise the clinical features, immune manifestations and molecular mechanisms in a recently described autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in TRNT1 , a tRNA processing enzyme, and to explore the use of cytokine inhibitors in suppressing the inflammatory phenotype., Methods: We studied nine patients with biallelic mutations in TRNT1 and the syndrome of congenital sideroblastic anaemia with immunodeficiency, fevers and developmental delay (SIFD). Genetic studies included whole exome sequencing (WES) and candidate gene screening. Patients' primary cells were used for deep RNA and tRNA sequencing, cytokine profiling, immunophenotyping, immunoblotting and electron microscopy (EM)., Results: We identified eight mutations in these nine patients, three of which have not been previously associated with SIFD. Three patients died in early childhood. Inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin (IL)-6, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IFN-induced cytokines were elevated in the serum, whereas tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-1β were present in tissue biopsies of patients with active inflammatory disease. Deep tRNA sequencing of patients' fibroblasts showed significant deficiency of mature cytosolic tRNAs. EM of bone marrow and skin biopsy samples revealed striking abnormalities across all cell types and a mix of necrotic and normal-appearing cells. By immunoprecipitation, we found evidence for dysregulation in protein clearance pathways. In 4/4 patients, treatment with a TNF inhibitor suppressed inflammation, reduced the need for blood transfusions and improved growth., Conclusions: Mutations of TRNT1 lead to a severe and often fatal syndrome, linking protein homeostasis and autoinflammation. Molecular diagnosis in early life will be crucial for initiating anti-TNF therapy, which might prevent some of the severe disease consequences., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
- Published
- 2018
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31. Clinical and serological features of systemic sclerosis in a multicenter African American cohort: Analysis of the genome research in African American scleroderma patients clinical database.
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Morgan ND, Shah AA, Mayes MD, Domsic RT, Medsger TA Jr, Steen VD, Varga J, Carns M, Ramos PS, Silver RM, Schiopu E, Khanna D, Hsu V, Gordon JK, Gladue H, Saketkoo LA, Criswell LA, Derk CT, Trojanowski MA, Shanmugam VK, Chung L, Valenzuela A, Jan R, Goldberg A, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, Wigley FM, Gourh P, and Boin F
- Subjects
- Adult, Black or African American, Chromosome Mapping, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Databases, Factual, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Scleroderma, Systemic blood, Scleroderma, Systemic ethnology, Scleroderma, Systemic physiopathology, Severity of Illness Index, Socioeconomic Factors, United States epidemiology, Scleroderma, Systemic epidemiology
- Abstract
Racial differences exist in the severity of systemic sclerosis (SSc). To enhance our knowledge about SSc in African Americans, we established a comprehensive clinical database from the largest multicenter cohort of African American SSc patients assembled to date (the Genome Research in African American Scleroderma Patients (GRASP) cohort).African American SSc patients were enrolled retrospectively and prospectively over a 30-year period (1987-2016), from 18 academic centers throughout the United States. The cross-sectional prevalence of sociodemographic, clinical, and serological features was evaluated. Factors associated with clinically significant manifestations of SSc were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses.The study population included a total of 1009 African American SSc patients, comprised of 84% women. In total, 945 (94%) patients met the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for SSc, with the remaining 64 (6%) meeting the 1980 ACR or CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) criteria. While 43% were actively employed, 33% required disability support. The majority (57%) had the more severe diffuse subtype and a young age at symptom onset (39.1 ± 13.7 years), in marked contrast to that reported in cohorts of predominantly European ancestry. Also, 1 in 10 patients had a severe Medsger cardiac score of 4. Pulmonary fibrosis evident on computed tomography (CT) chest was present in 43% of patients and was significantly associated with anti-topoisomerase I positivity. 38% of patients with CT evidence of pulmonary fibrosis had a severe restrictive ventilator defect, forced vital capacity (FVC) ≤50% predicted. A significant association was noted between longer disease duration and higher odds of pulmonary hypertension, telangiectasia, and calcinosis. The prevalence of potentially fatal scleroderma renal crisis was 7%, 3.5 times higher than the 2% prevalence reported in the European League Against Rheumatism Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) cohort.Our study emphasizes the unique and severe disease burden of SSc in African Americans compared to those of European ancestry., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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32. Three variants in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex are associated with HCV-related liver damage.
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Page SJ, Rivera MM, Kleiner DE, Zhao X, Auh S, Remmers EF, and Heller T
- Abstract
Approximately 71 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), a potentially lethal pathogen. HCV generates oxidative stress correlating with disease severity. HCV proteins increase reactive oxygen species production by stimulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) activity. Reactive oxygen species are necessary for host defense and cell signaling; however, elevated NOX activity contributes to cancer, and NOX overexpression is associated with hepatic fibrosis. Our aim was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NOX family members are associated with HCV-related liver damage. Three hundred and thirty-one individuals of European ancestry and 90 individuals of African ancestry, all diagnosed with HCV, were genotyped for 243 tagSNPs in NOX enzymes and their regulatory factors. Pathology scores were available for 288 Caucasians and 71 Africans, and mortality status was determined for all subjects. SNPs were tested for association with pathology scores and as predictors of mortality. In Africans, homozygosity for the A allele of rs12753665 ( neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 ) and homozygosity for the T allele of rs760519 ( neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 ) were associated with and predictive of higher rates of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis compared to other genotypes after controlling for age and sex. In Caucasians, homozygosity for the T allele of rs2292464 ( dual oxidase 1 ) was associated with and predictive of decreased periportal inflammation after controlling for age and sex. No SNPs were significant predictors of mortality. Conclusion : In this exploratory study, three NOX-related polymorphisms in two ethnic groups were significantly associated with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Future studies investigating these SNPs in larger cohorts of patients with HCV are warranted. ( Hepatology Communications 2017;1:973-982).
- Published
- 2017
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33. Brief Report: Deficiency of Complement 1r Subcomponent in Early-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Role of Disease-Modifying Alleles in a Monogenic Disease.
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Demirkaya E, Zhou Q, Smith CK, Ombrello MJ, Deuitch N, Tsai WL, Hoffmann P, Remmers EF, Takeuchi M, Park YH, Chae J, Barut K, Simsek D, Adrovic A, Sahin S, Caliskan S, Chandrasekharappa SC, Hasni SA, Ombrello AK, Gadina M, Kastner DL, Kaplan MJ, Kasapcopur O, and Aksentijevich I
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Child, Child, Preschool, Complement C1r genetics, Consanguinity, Exome, Female, Genotype, Humans, Interferon Type I blood, Leukocytes, Mononuclear cytology, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic blood, Male, Neutrophils metabolism, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sequence Analysis, DNA methods, Severity of Illness Index, Turkey, Alleles, Complement C1r deficiency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic genetics
- Abstract
Objective: To identify a genetic cause of early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a large consanguineous family from Turkey and to study the mechanisms of the disease., Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping in family members with and without SLE. Protein and gene expression, cytokine profile, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and presence of low-density granulocytes were evaluated in patient primary cells and serum samples., Results: We identified a novel, homozygous, loss-of-function mutation (p.Pro445Leufs*11) in the C1R gene. Using the Sanger method of DNA sequencing in 14 family members, we confirmed the presence of the mutation in 4 patients with SLE and in an asymptomatic 9-year-old girl. Complement levels were low in sera from patients with truncated C1r protein. Two siblings with SLE who were available for detailed evaluation exhibited strong type I interferon (IFN) inflammatory signatures despite their disease being clinically inactive at the time of sampling. The type I IFN transcriptional signature in the patients' blood correlated with disease expressivity, whereas the neutrophil signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was likely associated with disease severity. The female patient with SLE with the most severe phenotype presented with a stronger neutrophil signature, defined by enhanced NET formation and the presence of low-density granulocytes. Analysis of exome data for modifying alleles suggested enrichment of common SLE-associated variants in the more severely affected patients. Lupus-associated HLA alleles or HLA haplotypes were not shared among the 4 affected subjects., Conclusion: Our findings revealed a novel high-penetrance mutation in C1R as the cause of monogenic SLE. Disease expressivity in this family appears to be influenced by additional common and rare genetic variants., (© 2017, American College of Rheumatology.)
- Published
- 2017
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34. Dense genotyping of immune-related loci implicates host responses to microbial exposure in Behçet's disease susceptibility.
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Takeuchi M, Mizuki N, Meguro A, Ombrello MJ, Kirino Y, Satorius C, Le J, Blake M, Erer B, Kawagoe T, Ustek D, Tugal-Tutkun I, Seyahi E, Ozyazgan Y, Sousa I, Davatchi F, Francisco V, Shahram F, Abdollahi BS, Nadji A, Shafiee NM, Ghaderibarmi F, Ohno S, Ueda A, Ishigatsubo Y, Gadina M, Oliveira SA, Gül A, Kastner DL, and Remmers EF
- Subjects
- Adult, Alleles, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Genotype, Humans, Iran, Male, Turkey, Behcet Syndrome genetics, Genetic Loci genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics
- Abstract
We analyzed 1,900 Turkish Behçet's disease cases and 1,779 controls genotyped with the Immunochip. The most significantly associated SNP was rs1050502, a tag SNP for HLA-B*51. In the Turkish discovery set, we identified three new risk loci, IL1A-IL1B, IRF8, and CEBPB-PTPN1, with genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10
-8 ) by direct genotyping and ADO-EGR2 by imputation. We replicated the ADO-EGR2, IRF8, and CEBPB-PTPN1 loci by genotyping 969 Iranian cases and 826 controls. Imputed data in 608 Japanese cases and 737 controls further replicated ADO-EGR2 and IRF8, and meta-analysis additionally identified RIPK2 and LACC1. The disease-associated allele of rs4402765, the lead marker at IL1A-IL1B, was associated with both decreased IL-1α and increased IL-1β production. ABO non-secretor genotypes for two ancestry-specific FUT2 SNPs showed strong disease association (P = 5.89 × 10-15 ). Our findings extend the list of susceptibility genes shared with Crohn's disease and leprosy and implicate mucosal factors and the innate immune response to microbial exposure in Behçet's disease susceptibility.- Published
- 2017
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35. Evaluation of KIR3DL1/KIR3DS1 polymorphism in Behçet's disease.
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Erer B, Takeuchi M, Ustek D, Tugal-Tutkun I, Seyahi E, Özyazgan Y, Duymaz-Tozkir J, Gül A, Kastner DL, Remmers EF, and Ombrello MJ
- Subjects
- Genotype, HLA Antigens genetics, Humans, Behcet Syndrome genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, KIR3DL1 genetics, Receptors, KIR3DS1 genetics
- Abstract
The Behçet's disease (BD)-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele, HLA-B*51 (B*51), encodes a ligand for a pair of allelic killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) present on cytotoxic cells-KIR3DL1, which inhibits their cytotoxicity, and KIR3DS1, which activates their cytotoxic activity. We tested whether KIR-regulated mechanisms contribute to BD by testing for association of KIR3DL1/KIR3DS1 genotypes with disease in 1799 BD patients and 1710 healthy controls from Turkey, as well as in different subsets of individuals with HLA-type-defined ligands for the KIR3D receptors. HLA types were imputed from single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes determined with the Immunochip. The presence of inhibitory KIR3DL1 or activating KIR3DS1 alleles did not differ significantly between cases and controls (KIR3DL1: 92.9% vs 93.4%, P
dominant =0.55; KIR3DS1: 42.7% vs 41.0%, Pdominant =0.29). The KIR3DL1/KIR3DS1 alleles were also present at similar frequencies among cases and controls bearing HLA-B with a Bw4 motif; HLA-B with a Bw4 motif with isoleucine at position 80; and HLA-B*51. Our results suggest that pathogenic mechanisms associated with HLA-B*51 do not primarily involve differential interactions with KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1 receptors. However, due to the complexity of this locus (that is, sequence variation and copy number variation), we cannot exclude a role for other types of KIR variation in the pathogenesis of BD.- Published
- 2016
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36. A single endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 protein allotype is a strong risk factor for Behçet's disease in HLA-B*51 carriers.
- Author
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Takeuchi M, Ombrello MJ, Kirino Y, Erer B, Tugal-Tutkun I, Seyahi E, Özyazgan Y, Watts NR, Gül A, Kastner DL, and Remmers EF
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Haplotypes, Homozygote, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Missense, Risk Factors, Turkey, Young Adult, Aminopeptidases genetics, Behcet Syndrome genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, HLA-B51 Antigen genetics, Minor Histocompatibility Antigens genetics
- Abstract
Introduction: Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP1) protein is highly polymorphic with numerous missense amino acid variants. We sought to determine the naturally occurring ERAP1 protein allotypes and their contribution to Behçet's disease., Methods: Genotypes of all reported missense ERAP1 gene variants with 1000 Genomes Project EUR superpopulation frequency >1% were determined in 1900 Behçet's disease cases and 1779 controls from Turkey. ERAP1 protein allotypes and their contributions to Behçet's disease risk were determined by haplotype identification and disease association analyses., Results: One ERAP1 protein allotype with five non-ancestral amino acids was recessively associated with disease (p=3.13×10
-6 , OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.70 to 3.82). The ERAP1 association was absent in individuals who lacked HLA-B*51. Individuals who carry HLA-B*51 and who are also homozygous for the haplotype had an increased disease odds compared with those with neither risk factor (p=4.80×10-20 , OR 10.96, 95% CI 5.91 to 20.32)., Discussion: The Behçet's disease-associated ERAP1 protein allotype was previously shown to have poor peptide trimming activity. Combined with its requirement for HLA-B*51, these data suggest that a hypoactive ERAP1 allotype contributes to Behçet's disease risk by altering the peptides available for binding to HLA-B*51., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.)- Published
- 2016
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37. Biallelic hypomorphic mutations in a linear deubiquitinase define otulipenia, an early-onset autoinflammatory disease.
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Zhou Q, Yu X, Demirkaya E, Deuitch N, Stone D, Tsai WL, Kuehn HS, Wang H, Yang D, Park YH, Ombrello AK, Blake M, Romeo T, Remmers EF, Chae JJ, Mullikin JC, Güzel F, Milner JD, Boehm M, Rosenzweig SD, Gadina M, Welch SB, Özen S, Topaloglu R, Abinun M, Kastner DL, and Aksentijevich I
- Subjects
- Age of Onset, Child, Child, Preschool, Consanguinity, Cytokines genetics, Cytokines immunology, Dermatitis physiopathology, Endopeptidases deficiency, Endopeptidases immunology, Failure to Thrive physiopathology, Female, Fever physiopathology, Fibroblasts enzymology, Fibroblasts immunology, Gene Expression Regulation, HEK293 Cells, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases diagnosis, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases enzymology, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases pathology, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear enzymology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, Male, NF-kappa B genetics, NF-kappa B immunology, Panniculitis physiopathology, Pedigree, Signal Transduction, Ubiquitin genetics, Ubiquitin immunology, Alleles, Endopeptidases genetics, Fibroblasts pathology, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases genetics, Leukocytes, Mononuclear pathology, Mutation
- Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are caused by mutations in genes that function in innate immunity. Here, we report an autoinflammatory disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in OTULIN (FAM105B), encoding a deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity. We identified two missense and one frameshift mutations in one Pakistani and two Turkish families with four affected patients. Patients presented with neonatal-onset fever, neutrophilic dermatitis/panniculitis, and failure to thrive, but without obvious primary immunodeficiency. HEK293 cells transfected with mutated OTULIN had decreased enzyme activity relative to cells transfected with WT OTULIN, and showed a substantial defect in the linear deubiquitination of target molecules. Stimulated patients' fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed evidence for increased signaling in the canonical NF-κB pathway and accumulated linear ubiquitin aggregates. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in the supernatants of stimulated primary cells and serum samples. This discovery adds to the emerging spectrum of human diseases caused by defects in the ubiquitin pathway and suggests a role for targeted cytokine therapies., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: S.Ö. received royalties for consulting and speaking from Novartis and SOBI. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2016
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38. Hypophosphatasia and the risk of atypical femur fractures: a case-control study.
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Bhattacharyya T, Jha S, Wang H, Kastner DL, and Remmers EF
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Diphosphonates adverse effects, Femoral Fractures etiology, Hypophosphatasia complications
- Abstract
Background: Case reports have linked adult hypophosphatasia as a possible cause of atypical femur fractures (AFF) associated with bisphosphonate use. Adult hypophosphatasia is an asymptomatic genetic condition which results in low alkaline phosphatase and elevated pyridoxal phosphate. We conducted a case-control study to assess the role of hypophosphatasia and atypical femur fracture., Methods: We recruited 13 control patients who took long term bisphosphonates without complication and 10 patients who sustained atypical femur fractures (mean bisphosphonate use, 9 years both cohorts). Patients underwent clinical exam and measurement of alkaline phosphatase and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) levels. In addition, DNA was extracted and the ALPL gene was sequenced in both cohorts., Results: Low alkaline phosphatase levels (<55 U/L) were seen in 5/10 AFF patients and 5/13 control patients. Two control patients demonstrated low alkaline phosphatase levels and elevated PLP. The alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene exons and intron splice sites were sequenced in the atypical femur fracture and control cohorts and no coding mutations were identified in any subjects. Atypical femur fracture patients demonstrated more varus hip alignment (p < 0.048) with no significant difference in mechanical axis., Conclusions: We found no evidence of hypophosphatasia as a risk factor for atypical femur fractures. Laboratory findings of mildly low alkaline phosphatase activity were equally common in atypical and control cohorts and may be due to long term bisphosphonate use., Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01360099 . Prospectively registered May 20, 2011. First patient enrolled June 14, 2011.
- Published
- 2016
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39. Additive loss-of-function proteasome subunit mutations in CANDLE/PRAAS patients promote type I IFN production.
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Brehm A, Liu Y, Sheikh A, Marrero B, Omoyinmi E, Zhou Q, Montealegre G, Biancotto A, Reinhardt A, de Jesus AA, Pelletier M, Tsai WL, Remmers EF, Kardava L, Hill S, Kim H, Lachmann HJ, Megarbane A, Chae JJ, Brady J, Castillo RD, Brown D, Casano AV, Gao L, Chapelle D, Huang Y, Stone D, Chen Y, Sotzny F, Lee CC, Kastner DL, Torrelo A, Zlotogorski A, Moir S, Gadina M, McCoy P, Wesley R, Rother KI, Hildebrand PW, Brogan P, Krüger E, Aksentijevich I, and Goldbach-Mansky R
- Published
- 2016
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40. Additive loss-of-function proteasome subunit mutations in CANDLE/PRAAS patients promote type I IFN production.
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Brehm A, Liu Y, Sheikh A, Marrero B, Omoyinmi E, Zhou Q, Montealegre G, Biancotto A, Reinhardt A, Almeida de Jesus A, Pelletier M, Tsai WL, Remmers EF, Kardava L, Hill S, Kim H, Lachmann HJ, Megarbane A, Chae JJ, Brady J, Castillo RD, Brown D, Casano AV, Gao L, Chapelle D, Huang Y, Stone D, Chen Y, Sotzny F, Lee CC, Kastner DL, Torrelo A, Zlotogorski A, Moir S, Gadina M, McCoy P, Wesley R, Rother KI, Hildebrand PW, Brogan P, Krüger E, Aksentijevich I, and Goldbach-Mansky R
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Cells, Cultured, Fibroblasts, Gene Expression Regulation, Genotype, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases immunology, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases metabolism, Humans, Interferon Type I genetics, Lipodystrophy immunology, Lipodystrophy metabolism, Models, Molecular, Molecular Chaperones genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Missense, Pedigree, Phenotype, Protein Conformation, Protein Subunits, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering genetics, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Deletion, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Syndrome, Transcription, Genetic, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases genetics, Interferon Type I biosynthesis, Lipodystrophy genetics, Mutation, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex genetics
- Abstract
Autosomal recessive mutations in proteasome subunit β 8 (PSMB8), which encodes the inducible proteasome subunit β5i, cause the immune-dysregulatory disease chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE), which is classified as a proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (PRAAS). Here, we identified 8 mutations in 4 proteasome genes, PSMA3 (encodes α7), PSMB4 (encodes β7), PSMB9 (encodes β1i), and proteasome maturation protein (POMP), that have not been previously associated with disease and 1 mutation in PSMB8 that has not been previously reported. One patient was compound heterozygous for PSMB4 mutations, 6 patients from 4 families were heterozygous for a missense mutation in 1 inducible proteasome subunit and a mutation in a constitutive proteasome subunit, and 1 patient was heterozygous for a POMP mutation, thus establishing a digenic and autosomal dominant inheritance pattern of PRAAS. Function evaluation revealed that these mutations variably affect transcription, protein expression, protein folding, proteasome assembly, and, ultimately, proteasome activity. Moreover, defects in proteasome formation and function were recapitulated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of the respective subunits in primary fibroblasts from healthy individuals. Patient-isolated hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells exhibited a strong IFN gene-expression signature, irrespective of genotype. Additionally, chemical proteasome inhibition or progressive depletion of proteasome subunit gene transcription with siRNA induced transcription of type I IFN genes in healthy control cells. Our results provide further insight into CANDLE genetics and link global proteasome dysfunction to increased type I IFN production.
- Published
- 2015
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41. The immunogenetics of Behçet's disease: A comprehensive review.
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Takeuchi M, Kastner DL, and Remmers EF
- Subjects
- Alleles, Behcet Syndrome epidemiology, Genetic Loci, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Major Histocompatibility Complex genetics, Major Histocompatibility Complex immunology, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Genetic, Behcet Syndrome genetics, Behcet Syndrome immunology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Immunogenetics
- Abstract
Behçet's disease is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized mainly by recurrent oral ulcers, ocular involvement, genital ulcers, and skin lesions, presenting with remissions and exacerbations. It is thought that both environmental and genetic factors contribute to its onset and development. Although the etiology of Behçet's disease remains unclear, recent immunogenetic findings are providing clues to its pathogenesis. In addition to the positive association of HLA-B*51, which was identified more than four decades ago, and which has since been confirmed in multiple populations, recent studies report additional independent associations in the major histocompatibility complex class I region. HLA-B*15, -B*27, -B*57, and -A*26 are independent risk factors for Behçet's disease, while HLA-B*49 and -A*03 are independent class I alleles that are protective for Behçet's disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified associations with genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) in the IL23R-IL12RB2, IL10, STAT4, CCR1-CCR3, KLRC4, ERAP1, TNFAIP3, and FUT2 loci. In addition, targeted next-generation sequencing has revealed the involvement of rare nonsynonymous variants of IL23R, TLR4, NOD2, and MEFV in Behçet's disease pathogenesis. Significant differences in gene function or mRNA expression associated with the risk alleles of the disease susceptibility loci suggest which genes in a disease-associated locus influence disease pathogenesis. These genes encompass both innate and adaptive immunity and confirm the importance of the predominant polarization towards helper T cell (Th) 1 versus Th2 cells, and the involvement of Th17 cells. In addition, epistasis observed between HLA-B*51 and the risk coding haplotype of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protease, ERAP1, provides a clue that an HLA class I-peptide presentation-based mechanism contributes to this complex disease., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2015
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42. A polymorphism in CCR1/CCR3 is associated with narcolepsy.
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Toyoda H, Miyagawa T, Koike A, Kanbayashi T, Imanishi A, Sagawa Y, Kotorii N, Kotorii T, Hashizume Y, Ogi K, Hiejima H, Kamei Y, Hida A, Miyamoto M, Imai M, Fujimura Y, Tamura Y, Ikegami A, Wada Y, Moriya S, Furuya H, Takeuchi M, Kirino Y, Meguro A, Remmers EF, Kawamura Y, Otowa T, Miyashita A, Kashiwase K, Khor SS, Yamasaki M, Kuwano R, Sasaki T, Ishigooka J, Kuroda K, Kume K, Chiba S, Yamada N, Okawa M, Hirata K, Mizuki N, Uchimura N, Shimizu T, Inoue Y, Honda Y, Mishima K, Honda M, and Tokunaga K
- Subjects
- Asian People, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Japan, Narcolepsy genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, CCR1 genetics, Receptors, CCR3 genetics
- Abstract
Etiology of narcolepsy-cataplexy involves multiple genetic and environmental factors. While the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*15:01-DQB1*06:02 haplotype is strongly associated with narcolepsy, it is not sufficient for disease development. To identify additional, non-HLA susceptibility genes, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using Japanese samples. An initial sample set comprising 409 cases and 1562 controls was used for the GWAS of 525,196 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located outside the HLA region. An independent sample set comprising 240 cases and 869 controls was then genotyped at 37 SNPs identified in the GWAS. We found that narcolepsy was associated with a SNP in the promoter region of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (CCR1) (rs3181077, P=1.6×10(-5), odds ratio [OR]=1.86). This rs3181077 association was replicated with the independent sample set (P=0.032, OR=1.36). We measured mRNA levels of candidate genes in peripheral blood samples of 38 cases and 37 controls. CCR1 and CCR3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in patients than in healthy controls, and CCR1 mRNA levels were associated with rs3181077 genotypes. In vitro chemotaxis assays were also performed to measure monocyte migration. We observed that monocytes from carriers of the rs3181077 risk allele had lower migration indices with a CCR1 ligand. CCR1 and CCR3 are newly discovered susceptibility genes for narcolepsy. These results highlight the potential role of CCR genes in narcolepsy and support the hypothesis that patients with narcolepsy have impaired immune function., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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43. Reply to Stoimenis et al.
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Bakir-Gungor B, Remmers EF, Meguro A, Mizuki N, Kastner DL, Gul A, and Sezerman OU
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- Humans, Behcet Syndrome genetics, Behcet Syndrome metabolism, Genome-Wide Association Study, Signal Transduction
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- 2015
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44. Brief Report: Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome Caused by a Myeloid-Restricted Somatic NLRP3 Mutation.
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Zhou Q, Aksentijevich I, Wood GM, Walts AD, Hoffmann P, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, and Ombrello AK
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- B-Lymphocytes cytology, B-Lymphocytes metabolism, Exome genetics, Female, Fibroblasts cytology, Fibroblasts metabolism, Granulocytes cytology, Granulocytes metabolism, Humans, Middle Aged, Monocytes cytology, Monocytes metabolism, Mouth Mucosa cytology, Mouth Mucosa metabolism, Myeloid Cells cytology, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Sequence Analysis, DNA, T-Lymphocytes cytology, T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Carrier Proteins genetics, Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes genetics, Mutation, Myeloid Cells metabolism
- Abstract
Objective: To identify the cause of disease in an adult patient presenting with recent-onset fevers, chills, urticaria, fatigue, and profound myalgia, who was found to be negative for cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) NLRP3 mutations by conventional Sanger DNA sequencing., Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing and targeted deep sequencing using DNA from the patient's whole blood to identify a possible NLRP3 somatic mutation. We then screened for this mutation in subcloned NLRP3 amplicons from fibroblasts, buccal cells, granulocytes, negatively selected monocytes, and T and B lymphocytes and further confirmed the somatic mutation by targeted sequencing of exon 3., Results: We identified a previously reported CAPS-associated mutation, p.Tyr570Cys, with a mutant allele frequency of 15% based on exome data. Targeted sequencing and subcloning of NLRP3 amplicons confirmed the presence of the somatic mutation in whole blood at a ratio similar to the exome data. The mutant allele frequency was in the range of 13.3-16.8% in monocytes and 15.2-18% in granulocytes. Notably, this mutation was either absent or present at a very low frequency in B and T lymphocytes, in buccal cells, and in the patient's cultured fibroblasts., Conclusion: Our findings indicate the possibility of myeloid-restricted somatic mosaicism in the pathogenesis of CAPS, underscoring the emerging role of massively parallel sequencing in clinical diagnosis., (Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.)
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- 2015
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45. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated amino-peptidase 1 and rheumatic disease: genetics.
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Ombrello MJ, Kastner DL, and Remmers EF
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- Behcet Syndrome genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes genetics, Minor Histocompatibility Antigens, Psoriasis genetics, Spondylitis, Ankylosing genetics, Aminopeptidases genetics, Rheumatic Diseases genetics
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: This article will review the genetic evidence implicating ERAP1, which encodes the endoplasmic reticulum-associated amino-peptidase 1, in susceptibility to rheumatic disease., Recent Findings: Genetic variants and haplotypes of ERAP1 are associated with AS, psoriasis, and Behçet's disease in people of varying ancestries. In each of these diseases, disease-associated variants of ERAP1 have been shown to interact with disease-associated class I human leukocyte antigen alleles to influence disease risk. Functionally, disease-associated missense variants of ERAP1 concertedly alter ERAP1 enzymatic function, both quantitatively and qualitatively, whereas other disease-associated variants influence ERAP1 expression. Therefore, ERAP1 haplotypes (or allotypes) should be examined as functional units. Biologically, this amounts to an examination of the gene regulation and function of the protein encoded by each allotype. Genetically, the relationship between disease risk and ERAP1 allotypes should be examined to determine whether allotypes or individual variants produce the most parsimonious risk models., Summary: Future investigations of ERAP1 should focus on comprehensively characterizing naturally occurring ERAP1 allotypes, examining the enzymatic function and gene expression of each allotype, and identifying specific allotypes that influence disease susceptibility.
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- 2015
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46. Genetic architectures of seropositive and seronegative rheumatic diseases.
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Kirino Y and Remmers EF
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- Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Rheumatic Diseases blood, Serologic Tests, Rheumatic Diseases genetics, Rheumatic Diseases immunology
- Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and some other rheumatic diseases are genetically complex, with evidence of familial clustering, but not of Mendelian inheritance. These diseases are thought to result from contributions and interactions of multiple genetic and nongenetic risk factors, which have small effects individually. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of large collections of data from cases and controls have revealed many genetic factors that contribute to non-Mendelian rheumatic diseases, thus providing insights into associated molecular mechanisms. This Review summarizes methods for the identification of gene variants that influence genetically complex diseases and focuses on what we have learned about the rheumatic diseases for which GWAS have been reported. Our review of the disease-associated loci identified to date reveals greater sharing of risk loci among the groups of seropositive (diseases in which specific autoantibodies are often present) or seronegative diseases than between these two groups. The nature of the shared and discordant loci suggests important similarities and differences among these diseases.
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- 2015
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47. Identification of possible pathogenic pathways in Behçet's disease using genome-wide association study data from two different populations.
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Bakir-Gungor B, Remmers EF, Meguro A, Mizuki N, Kastner DL, Gul A, and Sezerman OU
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- Behcet Syndrome diagnosis, Computational Biology methods, Databases, Genetic, Datasets as Topic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Japan, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Turkey, Behcet Syndrome genetics, Behcet Syndrome metabolism, Genome-Wide Association Study, Signal Transduction
- Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a multi-system inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Two recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of BD confirmed a strong association with the MHC class I region and identified two non-HLA common genetic variations. In complex diseases, multiple factors may target different sets of genes in the same pathway and thus may cause the same disease phenotype. We therefore hypothesized that identification of disease-associated pathways is critical to elucidate mechanisms underlying BD, and those pathways may be conserved within and across populations. To identify the disease-associated pathways, we developed a novel methodology that combines nominally significant evidence of genetic association with current knowledge of biochemical pathways, protein-protein interaction networks, and functional information of selected SNPs. Using this methodology, we searched for the disease-related pathways in two BD GWASs in Turkish and Japanese case-control groups. We found that 6 of the top 10 identified pathways in both populations were overlapping, even though there were few significantly conserved SNPs/genes within and between populations. The probability of random occurrence of such an event was 2.24E-39. These shared pathways were focal adhesion, MAPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, ECM-receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, and proteasome pathways. Even though each individual has a unique combination of factors involved in their disease development, the targeted pathways are expected to be mostly the same. Hence, the identification of shared pathways between the Turkish and the Japanese patients using GWAS data may help further elucidate the inflammatory mechanisms in BD pathogenesis.
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- 2015
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48. Overlap of familial Mediterranean fever and hyper-IgD syndrome in an Arabic kindred.
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Moussa T, Aladbe B, Taha RZ, Remmers EF, El-Shanti H, and Fathalla BM
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- Adult, Arabs genetics, Child, Cytoskeletal Proteins genetics, Female, Humans, Male, Mutation, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) genetics, Pyrin, Siblings, Young Adult, Familial Mediterranean Fever genetics, Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency genetics
- Abstract
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D Syndrome (HIDS) has rarely been reported in Arabs. Moreover, the simultaneous presence of mutations in MEFV and MVK segregating in the same family is exceptional. We report an Arabic girl presenting since the age of 8-years with two patterns of recurrent episodes of fever, and associated with a spectrum of clinical features suggestive of overlap between familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and HIDS. Her 19-year old brother presented since the age of 1 year with prolonged episodes of fever and was diagnosed with HIDS at the age of 7 years based on clinical features and homozygosity for p.V377I mutation in MVK. Shorter episodes of fever and abdominal pain more consistent with FMF ensued since the age of 17 years. Genetic testing done for both patients and all other family members revealed simultaneous presence of mutations in MEFV and MVK but with a variable clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to severe manifestations. Both of our patients are homozygous for p.V377I MVK mutation; the girl is a compound heterozygote for p.E148Q/p.P369S/p.R408G and p.E167D/p.F479L MEFV mutations whereas the brother is a compound heterozygote for p.E148Q/p.P369S/p.R408G and p.M680I MEFV mutations. The clinical implications of having more than one mutation in different genes of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases in the same individual are not clear but may explain atypical clinical manifestations such as the overlap features of both FMF and HIDS in this family.
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- 2015
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49. Behçet disease-associated MHC class I residues implicate antigen binding and regulation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Ombrello MJ, Kirino Y, de Bakker PI, Gül A, Kastner DL, and Remmers EF
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- Alleles, Genes, MHC Class I, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Haplotypes, Humans, Immunoglobulins immunology, Linkage Disequilibrium, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Protein Sorting Signals, Risk Factors, Behcet Syndrome genetics, Behcet Syndrome immunology, HLA-B51 Antigen genetics, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I chemistry
- Abstract
The HLA protein, HLA-B*51, encoded by HLA-B in MHC, is the strongest known genetic risk factor for Behçet disease (BD). Associations between BD and other factors within the MHC have been reported also, although strong regional linkage disequilibrium complicates their confident disentanglement from HLA-B*51. In the current study, we examined a combination of directly obtained and imputed MHC-region SNPs, directly obtained HLA-B locus types, and imputed classical HLA types with their corresponding polymorphic amino acid residues for association with BD in 1,190 cases and 1,257 controls. SNP mapping with logistic regression of the MHC identified the HLA-B/MICA region and the region between HLA-F and HLA-A as independently associated with BD (P < 1.7 × 10(-8)). HLA-B*51, -A*03, -B*15, -B*27, -B*49, -B*57, and -A*26 each contributed independently to BD risk. We directly examined rs116799036, a noncoding SNP upstream of HLA-B that was recently suggested to underlie the association of HLA-B*51 with BD, but we were unable to replicate that finding in our collection. Instead, we mapped the BD association to seven MHC class I (MHC-I) amino acid residues, including anchor residues that critically define the selection and binding of peptides to MHC-I molecules, residues known to influence MHC-I-killer immunoglobulin-like receptor interactions, and a residue located in the signal peptide of HLA-B. The locations of these variants collectively implicate MHC-I peptide binding in the pathophysiology of BD. Furthermore, several lines of evidence suggest a role for altered regulation of cellular cytotoxicity in BD pathogenesis.
- Published
- 2014
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50. Early-onset stroke and vasculopathy associated with mutations in ADA2.
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Zhou Q, Yang D, Ombrello AK, Zavialov AV, Toro C, Zavialov AV, Stone DL, Chae JJ, Rosenzweig SD, Bishop K, Barron KS, Kuehn HS, Hoffmann P, Negro A, Tsai WL, Cowen EW, Pei W, Milner JD, Silvin C, Heller T, Chin DT, Patronas NJ, Barber JS, Lee CC, Wood GM, Ling A, Kelly SJ, Kleiner DE, Mullikin JC, Ganson NJ, Kong HH, Hambleton S, Candotti F, Quezado MM, Calvo KR, Alao H, Barham BK, Jones A, Meschia JF, Worrall BB, Kasner SE, Rich SS, Goldbach-Mansky R, Abinun M, Chalom E, Gotte AC, Punaro M, Pascual V, Verbsky JW, Torgerson TR, Singer NG, Gershon TR, Ozen S, Karadag O, Fleisher TA, Remmers EF, Burgess SM, Moir SL, Gadina M, Sood R, Hershfield MS, Boehm M, Kastner DL, and Aksentijevich I
- Subjects
- Age of Onset, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Endothelium, Vascular pathology, Female, Fever genetics, Humans, Male, Pedigree, Polyarteritis Nodosa genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Skin pathology, Vasculitis genetics, Vasculitis pathology, Zebrafish, Adenosine Deaminase deficiency, Adenosine Deaminase genetics, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins deficiency, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Mutation, Stroke genetics, Vascular Diseases genetics
- Abstract
Background: We observed a syndrome of intermittent fevers, early-onset lacunar strokes and other neurovascular manifestations, livedoid rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and systemic vasculopathy in three unrelated patients. We suspected a genetic cause because the disorder presented in early childhood., Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing in the initial three patients and their unaffected parents and candidate-gene sequencing in three patients with a similar phenotype, as well as two young siblings with polyarteritis nodosa and one patient with small-vessel vasculitis. Enzyme assays, immunoblotting, immunohistochemical testing, flow cytometry, and cytokine profiling were performed on samples from the patients. To study protein function, we used morpholino-mediated knockdowns in zebrafish and short hairpin RNA knockdowns in U937 cells cultured with human dermal endothelial cells., Results: All nine patients carried recessively inherited mutations in CECR1 (cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1), encoding adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2), that were predicted to be deleterious; these mutations were rare or absent in healthy controls. Six patients were compound heterozygous for eight CECR1 mutations, whereas the three patients with polyarteritis nodosa or small-vessel vasculitis were homozygous for the p.Gly47Arg mutation. Patients had a marked reduction in the levels of ADA2 and ADA2-specific enzyme activity in the blood. Skin, liver, and brain biopsies revealed vasculopathic changes characterized by compromised endothelial integrity, endothelial cellular activation, and inflammation. Knockdown of a zebrafish ADA2 homologue caused intracranial hemorrhages and neutropenia - phenotypes that were prevented by coinjection with nonmutated (but not with mutated) human CECR1. Monocytes from patients induced damage in cocultured endothelial-cell layers., Conclusions: Loss-of-function mutations in CECR1 were associated with a spectrum of vascular and inflammatory phenotypes, ranging from early-onset recurrent stroke to systemic vasculopathy or vasculitis. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Programs and others.).
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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