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The emergence, in the modern West, of the nine-pointed Enneagram continues to confound and intrigue. Furthermore, the true source of this symbol (and its application) also remains enigmatic to a secular mentality. Due to the diminishment of religious consciousness in today’s world, esoteric wisdom has been appropriated for mass consumption and relegated to the psychic dimension of life only. Given its powerful influence, the Enneagram has also been weaponized by profane forces to, paradoxically, undermine the sacred altogether. At the heart of all wisdom traditions around the globe, one finds a rich “science of the soul”. Its far-reaching metaphysical outlook can help to demystify the inscrutable origins of the Enneagram, thus making its esoteric symbolism not only intelligible to modern seekers, but also spiritually operative. The quest to understand ourselves beyond our mere egoic personality is key to an authentic spiritual life, and to unveiling the true significance of the Enneagram. In exploring this phenomenon, a “transpersonal” framework has been adopted that aligns with the insights found in the world’s great wisdom traditions and their sacred psychologies.

The search for an understanding of the Self spans centuries across disciplines. Historic models have been static describing an apparatus existing somewhere within the mind. This expanded through the development of psychological relational models, both through psychoanalytic and family systems theory. The research objective of this qualitative historical analysis is to trace the idea of the concept of the Self, particularly through psychodynamic models, and to build upon these paradigms through a similar analysis from Jewish mysticism. Like other spiritual pathways, Jewish mysticism can augment this understanding through intriguing maps of the Self, paradigms of relatedness, ideas of language, descriptions of subjective experience, and powerful, metaphoric imagery regarding the process of fracture and repair. This review is among the first to integrate these paradigms. Much common ground is discovered, and the model enriched, through Jewish mystical ideas of an unfolding Self interconnected with an experience of the Divine.

Kōśas are a concept that since upaniṣadic times are described as constituting the human functional structure. Their applicable meaning, however required further elucidation. The study investigates the functional meaning of kōśas based on scriptural references and experiential assessment, taking into consideration also the concept of tattvas, prāṇa, and ahaṁkāra. Special attention is given to ānandamaya kōśa, the function of which is one of the most complex ones. The paper reviews ancient as well as recent scriptural description of kōśas and explains them through a general perceptual model. As a result, the paper presents a revised functional model of the kōśas that are under the governing force of ahaṁkāra, together with indicating a way to manonāśa and jñāna that changes the role of ahaṁkāra in one’s life.

In this article the author expands on the topic of the Multidimensional Consciousness System while focusing on the first two dimensions of perception, described material and emotional. The study provides description and interpretation of the author’s insights into the process called Kuṇḍalinī rising in various traditions of yoga; the insights come directly from personal experience and are compared to some traditional views and contemporary studies.

In this autobiographical essay, Elaine (Sneierson) Leeder traces her evolution from being an atheist, anarchist, lesbian feminist to becoming a spiritual seeker. Following her path from being raised an Orthodox Jew, Leeder discovers that her social activism and deep dedication to social justice have roots in Jewish values. This has led her to embrace her Judaism in newfound ways. By studying for her Bas Mitzvah, Leeder has learned about spirituality, the lessons of the Kabbalah and resolved deep fears of death and dying. Her piece is heartfelt and follows a path toward the unknown.

The study examines the prevalence of bullying, bullying behaviors within different roles (aggressor, victim, defender, bystander) in the context of spirituality and loneliness in selected Slovak adolescents. The study also aims to examine the protective/risk significance of spirituality and loneliness in adolescents in the context of bullying. The results of the research have shown the prevalence of bullying in schools. It was found that 20,8% of adolescents had been victims of bullying, 3,8% being aggressors, 50,6% in the role of defenders and 39% as bystanders in the bullying process. Within each role group, victims of bullying showed significant differences in experiencing spirituality compared to adolescents who had not taken part in the bullying process. The differences were significant in terms of the importance and practice of spirituality in their lives. There were also significant differences in experiencing loneliness, confirmed in multiple role groups.

Lack of intelligence collaboration is considered to be one of the fundamental problems in tackling terrorism in Indonesia. However, amidst the negative attention, there are efforts by BNPT (National Counterterrorism Agency) to improve collaboration between intelligence agencies. By using Weiss's theory to analyze various statements from public officials and state institutions regarding the issue of intelligence agency cooperation in Indonesia, this paper finds two important conclusions. First, efforts to encourage the formation of intelligence collaboration have actually been carried out by BNPT by equalizing perceptions among various intelligence agencies in viewing the problems and issues of terrorism. This is evidenced by a series of training conducted by BNPT in the period 2020-2023 which aims to encourage synergy between intelligence agencies related to terrorism issues. Second, still in line with what Weiss revealed, BNPT's steps with this series of training are inseparable from the external pressure sourced from public opinion in encouraging the formation of cooperation. In this case, the strong public demand for the importance of intelligence collaboration in dealing with the problem of terrorism is inseparable from the intensity of terrorism attacks that occurred from 2016 to 2021. The bomb attacks that occurred during this period led to polemics over the function of intelligence, which in turn shows the importance of intelligence collaboration as an important component of counterterrorism.

Digital transformation holds significant promise for revolutionizing education in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper examines the challenges of digital transformation in education in the SSA region. We observed that the challenges are multifaced, including infrastructure deficits, access and equity barriers, digital literacy gaps, financial constraints, policy challenges, and regulatory barriers. To overcome these challenges, the paper offers some recommendations that can help the SSA countries to unlock the transformative power of digital technologies to advance education, empower learners, and build a brighter future. Amongst other, the paper suggests that stakeholders must adopt an integrated approach to infrastructure development, promote equitable access and inclusion, invest in capacity building and skills development, localize educational content, mobilize financial resources, enact policy and regulatory reforms, and foster collaborative partnerships.

Since 1971, the shipbreaking industry in Bangladesh has grown rapidly, employing approximately 40,000 to 50,000 underprivileged workers from the most underdeveloped regions of Bangladesh. After working for 15-20 years, they leave this industry for different sorts of physical problems, which lead to a low quality of life. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the livelihood status of the out-migrant workers in the shipbreaking industry of Bangladesh. The instruments used for this research were a semi-closed-ended survey questionnaire, in-depth interviews, ethnographic participant observation, and secondary research. The respondents are from the southern and northern parts of Bangladesh, aged 18 years and older. This study has discovered no significant differences between northern and southern out-migrant workers in asset ownership, goods, or housing quality. However, the southern out-migrant population earned relatively more than the northern migrants due to better access to capital and institutional support. This study also shows that after working a few years, young people desire to do external migration for better income opportunities. Despite minimal overall improvement in livelihood status, southern migrants earn comparatively better. Therefore, the government and other stakeholders must bridge the gap of unequal socio-economic development between the southern and northern regions.

COVID-19 pandemic has changed the situation and order of economic, health, and educational life and raised various new problems in the context of education. The situation of schools that are not ready to face emergencies in the form of the Covid 19 pandemic related to the lack of preparation of internet network infrastructure, online learning systems, and the readiness of educators to carry out learning exacerbates the situation of students. This study aims to reconstruct the resilience of Islamic senior high schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. The selection of research subjects using a purposive sampling technique, namely the principal, vice principal for curriculum, vice principal for student affairs, teachers, and student council administrators. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed based on the interactive analysis model developed by Miles, Huberman & Saldana (2014), namely data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Each component interacts with each other and forms a cycle. The results showed: that the reconstruction of the resilience of Islamic private high schools during the Covid 19 pandemic was realized through internal school strengthening, simplifying the curriculum, determining affordable learning media platforms, improving services, and synergizing with the participation of student guardians and community leaders.

The infrastructure development program planned by the Joko Widodo administration in several regions, especially in Purbalingga and Tegal, displaced several waqf lands. This study analyzes the process of waqf exchange in the project from the perspective of the four madhhabs. This research uses a comparative approach by comparing several opinions of the scholars of the fiqh schools of thought on waqf swaps on the same side and, at the same time, also explaining the different sides. What is interesting in the discussion is the solution offered by replacing the waqf land with other land, even though Waqf has a primary principle in its administration, namely, the principle of Waqf must remain eternal (ta'bid al-asl). The theory of benefit becomes an analytical tool for developing a mindset regarding waqf exchange. This research yields the following conclusions. First, waqf management can change according to the public interest as long as the purpose of the Waqf is still to the expectations of the Waqf. Second, waqf exchange is the best solution when there is no other way, as long as the replacement is at least the previous Waqf.

There are still products in the process of issuing halal certificates, even though numerous goods circulating in society promise halalness until 2024. Consequently, comprehensive provisions are required to cover goods and services. This follows the regulations explicitly regulated in Law Number 6 of 2023, Law Number 33 of 2014, and Article 4 of Law Number 8 of 1999 about consumer protection. This writing employs normative juridical legal and field research methods to observe and collect data from real-world societal situations to obtain the necessary facts. The study's findings show that the halal certification program has been effectively implemented in Indonesia's national legal framework, as outlined in Law Number 6 of 2023, Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Guarantee Products, and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The government's efforts to enhance the halal certification program are demonstrated by the self-declare program and halal certification assistance in socialization and data collection for halal certification registration, facilitating business actors to obtain halal certificates that enhance consumer comfort.

This study examines the religious phenomenon practised by middle-class Muslim communities in Banyumas. Middle-class Muslim society plays an essential role in social changes. Educational and economic levels and broader social networks identify these community groups. The critical question is how this community group is in its religious context. This research is a field research with a sociological approach. The researcher uses Anthony Giddens' theory to see the dynamics of religion comprehensively. The primary data comes from understanding and practising the diversity of the Muslim community itself, as well as observing three urban mosques: the MBJS Mosque, the FZ Mosque, and the MGI. The secondary data comes from bulletins, journals, books, media, etc. The research concludes that middle-class Muslims make efforts to contextualize the fundamental conception of hijrah with the reality of modern urban Muslim society. However, it is still general and symbolic. The articulation of understanding is manifested in the life of religious issues and issues such as staying away from usury, music, and so on. Understanding that tends to be textual is inseparable from the structure and agents surrounding it.

This research explores social inclusion in the Jamasan Pusaka ceremony in Kalibening, Dawuhan, Banyumas as a strategy to preserve cultural heritage. The study finds that the practice of inclusion involves the community, the village government, and the Banyumas Regency Culture and Tourism Office. The form of Islam practised in Dawuhan Village accommodates the culture and customs inherited by the ancestors. This can be seen in the 2019 Jamasan Pusaka ceremony, which included the recitation of shalawat and religious lectures, unlike in previous years. The involvement of the village government is shown through the granting of permits. This support ensures the smooth running of the event through official authorization and assistance. The relationship between the Jamasan Pusaka ceremony and the Department of Culture and Tourism is evident from the department's participation in giving a speech before the ceremony began, which showed their support and motivated the Kalibening community to organize the event. The efforts made by the Kalibening community to preserve this cultural heritage include teaching how to perform the Jamasan Pusaka ceremony and taking the benefits of the ceremony. They are trained to appreciate Jamasan Pusaka by understanding every step of the tradition.

This paper explores the dynamics of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict through the perspective of Jewish history and collective memory, with a particular focus on the Holocaust as a point of departure. Through a history of civilization approach and collective memory analysis, this paper explores how the traumatic experience of the Holocaust has shaped the identity, politics and narratives of the Jewish people to influence their views on the ongoing conflict in the Middle East. It reveals how the memory of the Holocaust is not only an integral part of Jewish identity but also plays a role in shaping the policies and strategies adopted by the state of Israel. Holocaust memory is often used to justify defensive and offensive actions to sustain the Jewish state amidst external and internal threats. In this context, the "From Holocaust to Holocaust" narrative reflects the transformation and continuity of collective trauma used as a legitimization and mobilization tool in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. This paper uses historiographic methods and narrative analysis to identify recurring patterns of thought and feeling within the Jewish community and how these patterns translate into political action. It also highlights the role of critical actors, both political and intellectual, in shaping and articulating these narratives. The results of this paper are expected to provide deeper insights into the complexity of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and how history and collective memory play an essential role in the dynamics of this conflict.

The media plays an active role in spreading Islamophobia, with an increase in Islamophobic content and discourses in new media in recent years leading academic studies to focus on this issue. New media tools offer free and unlimited sharing opportunities to their users, becoming platforms where hate speech against religious groups is developed and spread. One such platform where freedom of speech is violated is X, formerly known as Twitter. It is crucial to determine the approach of content on social media platforms towards Islam, Muslims, and their sacred values. This study discusses posts made through burning/tearing actions on the X platform, covering the first 9 months of 2023. The findings, based on posts from 23 X accounts analyzed using qualitative-oriented content analysis, reveal that concepts related to Islam and Muslims with negative connotations were frequently used. The posts framed a narrative portraying Islam and Muslims as pro-violence, intolerant, and hostile. Acts of burning and tearing the Holy Quran were largely justified as freedom of speech, with a narrative of exclusion, accusation, distortion, and disdain towards Muslims who disagreed.

Medyanın dijital ortamlardaki akışkanlığı ve yayılımı mevcut bilginin çeşitlenmesine katkı sunmakla birlikte bilgi kirliliği yaratma olasılığı bulunmaktadır. Bu olasılık dini bilgi açısından da geçerlidir. Geleneksel medya ve yeni dijital platformlar dini bilginin yapılanmasında, yayılmasında ve ideolojik söylemlerin gelişmesine taraf olma seviyesinde destek veya karşıt söylemlerin gelişmesinin önünü açabilmektedir. Bu noktada medyada yer alan dini bilgilerin örgün din öğretimindeki dini bilgi anlayışlarını nasıl etkilediği sorusu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada din dersi öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinden yola çıkılarak kitle iletişim araçlarının dini bilgi kaynağı olma durumu, din öğretimi süreçlerine yansıması yönüyle ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiştir ve araştırma bir durum çalışmasıdır. Araştırma, öğretmenlerin tecrübelerine dayalı olarak tasarlandığı ve senkronik verilere ihtiyaç duyulduğu için fenomenolojik yaklaşım ile ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmada nitel araştırmalarda sıklıkla kullanılan mülakat tekniği ile veriler toplanmıştır. Buna göre, bireylerin dini bilgilerini öğrenme ve inşa süreçlerinde formal din öğretiminin yanı sıra anlamı, alıcıların kişisel deneyimleri, değerleri, kültürel bağlamları, sosyal etkileşimleri ve kitle iletişim araçları da şekillendirmektedir. Bu çalışmada din dersi öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinden yola çıkılarak kitle iletişim araçlarından edinilen dini bilginin din öğretimi süreçlerine nasıl yansıdığı ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Araştırma, öğretmenlerin tecrübelerine dayalı olarak tasarlandığı ve senkronik verilere ihtiyaç duyulduğu için fenomenolojik desen benimsenerek ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmada nitel araştırmalarda sıklıkla kullanılan mülakat tekniği ile veriler toplanmıştır. Bu amaçla yarı yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan mülakat hazırlanmış ve araştırmanın temel sorusu olan “Günümüz din eğitimini dini bilgi açısından nasıl değerlendiriyorsunuz?” sorusuna alınan cevaplardan yola çıkılarak çalışma dizayn edilmiştir. Buna göre, bireylerin dini bilgilerini öğrenme ve inşa süreçlerinde formal din öğretiminin yanı sıra anlam, alıcıların kişisel deneyimleri, değerleri, kültürel bağlamları, sosyal etkileşimleri ve kitle iletişim araçları da şekillendirmektedir.

Dijital teknolojilerin gelişmesiyle birlikte gerçek uzamdan farklı bir alan olarak dijital uzamın ortaya çıkması gündelik hayat pratiklerinin sunuluş biçimini etkilemiştir. Bu açıdan gündelik hayat içerisinde önemli bir role sahip olan kadim ritüeller de dijital uzam üzerinden aktarılmaya başlanmıştır. Ritüelin dijitalleşmesi üzerine yoğunlaşan bu çalışmanın temel problemi, kadim ritüellerin dijitalleşme ile birlikte seyirlik meta haline gelmesi sonucunda auradaki dönüşümün anlaşılmasıdır. Zoom Cinemas isimli YouTube kanalında canlı yayınlanan ölüm ve evlilik geçiş ritüelleri ile dini tören ve ibadet ritüelleri videolarından rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen her kategori için 5 video metin analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Örneklemde bir metin olarak ele alınan videoların açıklanabilmesi için de betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ölüm ritüellerinin aura yitimi açısından en çok erozyona uğrayan ritüel biçimi olduğu, buna karşılık evlilik ritüellerinin doğası gereği gösteriye daha uygun olduğu anlaşılmıştır. İbadet ve dini törenlerin dijitalleşmesi sürecinde ise dinsel deneyimin canlı yayın aracılığıyla aktarılamaması ‘oradalık’ üzerine kurulu maneviyatı dijital üzerinden sekteye uğratmaktadır.

Batı dünyasında İslamofobi tarihsel teo-politik İslam karşıtlığı, yabancı düşmanlığı, ırkçılık ve radikalizm korkusu üzerinden geliştirilirken Türkiye’de ise basit bir kavram dönüşümüyle irtica ve şeriat korkusu aynı işlevi görmektedir. Bir nesilde kavramsal değişim olarak değerlendirilebilecek bu durum daha sonraki nesillerde zihinsel değişim ve dönüşüme yol açabilmektedir. Türkiye’de fundafobi ve bunun neticesinde yükselen bir İslamofobi’nin ve buna reaksiyon olarak oluşan laikofobinin varlığı bir realitedir. Medya da tüm organları ile bu karşılıklı çatışmayı beslemektedir. Ancak her iki tarafın da eylem ve söylemlerindeki aşırılıklar medyaya malze me oluşturmaktadır. Seküler laik Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde de yıllardır yükselen fundafobi ve gittikçe derinleşen bir İslamofobi’den söz edilmesine rağmen Batı kaynaklı fundafobi ve İslamofobi üzerine çok sayıda çalışmalar yapılırken Türkiye’de gelişen fundafobi ve İslamofobi üzerine fazla çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Kapsamlı literatür taraması üzerine yapılan bu çalışmada İslam dünyasının kendi içindeki fundafobiyi yeterince tartışmadığı için İslamofobi’ye nasıl dönüştüğüne dikkat çekilerek Türkiye’de İslamofobi’nin oluşum süreci ve medyanın rolü ele alınmaktadır. Müslüman toplumlarda da fundafobi gibi farklı kavramlar üzerinden İslamofobi’nin reaksiyoner olarak yükseldiği ve bunun toplumsal ayrışmaya zemin hazırladığı görülmektedir.

Technological determinism, a theory examining the role of technology in societal development, is a subject of extensive discourse in the internet era. This theory perceives technology as a pivotal force shaping societal progress. Within this framework, divergent perspectives emerge, ranging from utopian views depicting technology as a vehicle for salvation to dystopian views highlighting its disruptive potential. This duality is particularly evident in discussions regarding social media's influence on political communication. The hybridization of media systems, as proposed by Andrew Chadwick, further blurs the lines between traditional and new media, exemplified by Barack Obama's groundbreaking 2008 presidential campaign, which utilized social media alongside traditional platforms. Social media's and religion perception impact on political communication evokes both optimism and skepticism. While proponents laud its role in fostering citizen engagement and enhancing political participation, critics like Malcolm Gladwell argue that it amplifies expression without tangible impact. Moreover, the influence of social media on political campaigns underscores the evolving landscape of communication strategies, with leaders leveraging platforms like Facebook and Twitter to shape public perception. In navigating this terrain, understanding the complexities of image construction becomes paramount for political actors. The interplay between rhetoric, communication strategies, and public perception shapes the success of political campaigns. However, maintaining control over one's image amidst the fluid dynamics of political discourse remains a formidable challenge. In conclusion, the discourse surrounding technological determinism and social media's impact on political communication underscores the need for nuanced analysis. While social media offers unprecedented opportunities for engagement, its dual nature necessitates vigilance against manipulation and polarization. Ultimately, the compatibility between desired images and genuine personas remains central to effective political communication in the digital age.

This paper explores the relationship between media, government, and terrorism. It investigates what terrorists want from the media, what governments seek from the media when covering terrorism, and what the media aims to achieve in its coverage of terrorism. The paper discusses coverage versus boycott, extortion and exploitation, ethical considerations, the war on terrorism and public diplomacy, current trends in terrorist operations, and attacks on journalists and media institutions, the Media in the West, and the Middle East dealings with terrorism. The purpose of the study is to investigate the complex relationship of three parties (terrorists, media, and government) with different objectives and agendas. The problem of media and terrorism lies in the conflicting interests and goals of these three different entities. The author used several case studies related to the problem of this study to highlight the conflictual approach to terrorism and how each entity looks at it, making the equation of terrorism, government, and media complex, challenging, and extremely sensitive that must be managed with caution. Both media and political institutions must consider several factors such as national security, public interest, economic, political, and ethical considerations. The relationship between terrorism, media and governments are characterized by a set of challenges, such as the public right to know and the potential for extortion and exploitation by terrorist groups, and the attempts from the governments to set the agendas. How can the media serve the truth without falling into the trap of extortion, exploitation, without succumbing to the pursuit of journalistic scoops, and sensationalism and without falling into the pressure of control and pressures from the governments?

A narrow definition of Islamophobia flags religion as playing the central part in anti-Muslim prejudice. But a broader term bundles ethnic, national and cultural prejudices together with religious ones; the latter are gradually becoming disconnected from the cultures in which they were embedded. In measuring degrees and levels of Islamophobia, this article turns to the mass media to understand how they have amplified and at times echoed calls for anti-Muslim prejudice. Islam has become culturalized and racialized by both adherents and antagonists alike, lending a massive landscape for social media in particular to exploit. Qualitative data seem best equipped to assay popular attitudes and behavior towards Muslims. And their relevance is especially significant in shaping female Muslim experiences. To be sure, Islam is placed to take a key part in the making of a post-hegemonic international order. Highlighting tolerance towards others is critical rather than using other attributes to shore up the political legitimacy of a state. To categorize Islamophobes as racists makes for bad politics, but it can enhance legitimacy.

21. yüzyılın bilim dünyasında “medya çalışmaları”, dijitalleşme ve ağ tabanlı teknolojilerin günlük hayattaki etkinliği sebebiyle toplum ve kültürle ilgilenenler için yadsınamayacak bir hâl almıştır. Bu alandaki sosyal çalışmaların ve araştırmacıların sayısı da gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. İşte tanıtımını yapacağımız Mehmet Haberli’nin Medyatikleşme ve Din adlı kitabı (2023) da bu kritik konuyu ele almakta, yaşanan değişimleri medyatikleşme bağlamında meta-analiz yöntemi ile açımlamaktadır. Doç. Dr. Haberli, gelişen medya kültürü konusunda sosyolojik ve iletişimsel tahayyüle sahip ve Türk akademisinde medyanın din bağlamında incelenmesine öncülük etmiş bir araştırmacıdır. Özellikle Sanal Din isimli kitap çalışması (2014), medyanın din sosyolojisi literatüründe yeni bir kulvar açtığı yıllarda özgün bir çalışma niteliğindedir. Yazarın ayrıca sanal cemaatler, dijital çağda dindarlığın dönüşümü ve dijital din araştırmaları konularındaki çalışmaları dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmaları ile “teorik anlamda” yeni medyanın dinle ilişkisine Türkiye’de ilk değinen sosyolog olduğu söylenebilir. İnceleyeceğimiz kitabı da yazarın bugüne kadarki bilgi birikiminin bir hülasası olarak değerlendirmek yerinde olacaktır.

This article examines the function of news media on Alevi television channels. The increased visibility of faith-based identity movements in the public sphere during the 1990s led to the study of these communities in media research. This study contributes to these discussions by focusing on news media, an area not yet extensively examined concerning faith communities. The research is based on an 18-month field study involving participant observation and in-depth interviews, focusing on the news production processes of Cem TV, Yol TV, and TV 10, during 2014 and 2015. The study argues that news media serves a dual function for faith communities like the Alevis, enabling them to address both a general audience and their own community simultaneously. Alevi broadcasters create news bulletins that appeal to a general audience while also including news relevant to Alevis. They achieve this in two ways. The first is by utilizing television technology to include an “Alevi news” segment at the beginning of the news, covering developments particularly relevant to Alevis. The second way is by maintaining a more “neutral” language in the news bulletins while expressing opinions on developments concerning Alevis in news and discussion programs.

The subject of this study revolves around the examination of the reception processes of Azerbaijani viewers regarding their practices of watching television channels broadcasting in Türkiye within the framework of cultural studies, particularly within the context of religious perceptions. In this regard, employing the viewer-centered reception method within the tradition of Cultural Studies, the reception modes developed by participants living in various cities of Azerbaijan who watch religious content from Turkish television programs were scrutinized. To ascertain the identification of dominant, negotiated, and oppositional reading forms utilized in audience reception research, and to obtain data regarding meaning-making and reception practices concerning the contents watched by Azerbaijani viewers, a total of 4 different focus group discussions were conducted, consisting of 36 participants. These discussions took place with participants residing in the cities of Baku, Sumqayit, Ganja, and Nakhchivan in Azerbaijan who follow Turkish television channels. As a result, the study revealed that content containing religious knowledge or broadcasting religious programs through television is received by viewers through various readings. It was understood that viewers engage in diversified negotiated and oppositional readings within the content contexts, generally as participants, regarding religious content presented in various formats.

This research discusses the critical role of kyai's charismatic leadership in mitigating religious intolerance and radicalism in pesantren. Kyai, as the primary leader in pesantren, has a significant influence in shaping the attitudes and thoughts of the santri. This research was conducted based on a field analysis study, followed by literature research incorporating various scientific arguments and information from relevant literature sources. This research was implemented at Pondok Pesantren Sabilurrosyad Gasek as a sample object, involving kyai, santri, and the surrounding community. Through his charisma and authority, the kyai can effectively convey the values of religious moderation to the santri. The approach taken by the kyai, which emphasizes the values of deliberation, balance, and tolerance, helps the santri understand religious teachings in a balanced manner and avoid radical attitudes. Islamic boarding schools also play a role in instilling religious moderation values through a well-structured religious education curriculum. Thus, the charismatic leadership of kyai is at the forefront of reducing religious intolerance and radicalism in pesantren, forming a generation of santri who understand religious teachings comprehensively and moderately, and contributing to creating an inclusive and peaceful society.

This study examines the resurrection myth among the Me'enit ethnic group in southwestern Ethiopia. It examines their belief in a place called Mouu, which was created by the deity Tuma and where people live on after death. The study aims to deepen our understanding of the Me'enit cultural and spiritual worldview by examining the origin and persistence of their belief in resurrection. The methodology involves a combination of primary and secondary data collection and analysis. Primary data was collected through interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation within the Me'enit community, while secondary sources were analyzed for additional context. The data was thoroughly analyzed using narrative theory to identify themes and patterns. The findings shed light on the unique resurrection beliefs and practices of the Me'enit, emphasizing the ongoing presence of the resurrection myth and the importance of Mouu in their belief system. This study contributes to the understanding of the Me'enit ethnic group and their myth and offers insights into their beliefs and practices related to resurrection.

The article traces a genealogy of Brazil's so-called “pro-life” movement, from the 1960s through the start of the New Republic. It counterposes the concept of the “religious field” to the movement/countermovement framework through which pro-life movements are often analyzed, generally interpreted as a backlash to feminism. Bourdieu's concept helps reveal the plural oppositional dynamics that have shaped their history. Situating the Brazilian movement within a trans/national religious field, the article highlights how two key shifts in the 1980s -- the new papacy of John Paul II and Ronald Reagan's empowerment of the Religious Right in the United States -- aligned it with an increasingly global(ist) Religious Right. It is based on a larger archival research project on reproductive politics and governance in Brazil.

This article uses the methods that Locke advocated in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding to evaluate manuscript evidence from five different schemes and two drafts of the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, to thereby determine what role, if any, John Locke had in writing it, and in advocating for slavery and absolutism. It focuses on the influential claims put forward by David Armitage 20 years ago, that Locke was responsible for actively promoting slavery in Carolina’s Fundamental Constitutions. It enables the reader to view, and judge, the relevant evidence. The author concludes, and invites the reader to conclude, that Armitage’s main claims lack foundation in the manuscript evidence. That evidence instead points towards the legal power of those who owned Carolina, the Lords Proprietors, and to the crown, which granted Carolina’s charter, and to the logic of a different theory of government, patriarchalism, for the rationale behind both slavery and absolutism. The central ideas behind slavery and colonization were epitomized, as Locke understood, by Sir Robert Filmer, who wrote the book to which Locke responded in his Two Treatises of Government. Filmer’s ally, Sir Henry Spelman, like Filmer a deeply committed royalist who believed in the king’s unlimited prerogatives, composed the original 1629 Carolina charter that shaped the Fundamental Constitutions. Misattributing the authorship of particular clauses to Locke is a symptom of a larger failure to distinguish the impact of momentous debates over authority and race in the seventeenth century. Locke’s theories did, in practice as well as principle, reject the theory of domination put forward by Filmer, and argued instead for human rights and democracy that were inclusive and capacious. The manuscript evidence has the potential to reshape how modern democratic theory is understood in the present.

La Teología afrocolombiana es una reflexión en construcción desde los aportes de teólogos y afrodescendientes, quienes, tomando como fundamentos referentes de las experiencias de los ancestros africanos, promueven el reconocimiento de los valores ancestrales religiosos y culturales en contraste con el mensaje cristiano. Los procesos de interacción religiosa y cultural en el territorio colombiano son diversos a los acontecidos en las regiones afrocaribeña y afrobrasilera, quienes gozan de distintas expresiones de la fe a partir de las hibridaciones, fe sincrética, inreligionaciones y bilingüismo religioso categorías de la doble o múltiple afiliación religiosa. En Colombia la evangelización tuvo métodos diversos, perviven creencias sincréticas y transculturales, conservando prácticas espirituales y culturales que enriquecen el cristianismo dotándolo de sentido, en el movimiento del cuerpo y del espíritu en tradiciones, cantos que rememoran la resistencia y la lucha por el reconocimiento de la dignidad del pueblo negro. La interculturalidad es una posibilidad para la comprensión y la valoración de la espiritualidad de los afrocolombianos y palenqueros a fin de reconocer y valorar su propia religiosidad y comprensión del Misterio, sobre prejuicios sobre sus constructos y experiencias religiosas. Lo intercultural abre posibilidades de cercanía, de diálogo e interfecundación, como alternativa teológica de acogida de los pueblos.

A infertilidade humana como abordada nesse estudo é um problema recorrente em culturas africanas, demandando práticas adequadas de cuidado pastoral das ações missionárias presentes nesses países. Este estudo empírico de abordagem fenomenológica seguiu a análise realizada para uma tese de doutorado e retornou às falas dos participantes. O objetivo geral foi aprofundar a compreensão das implicações sociais e psicológicas na problemática da infertilidade em culturas africanas e as devidas implicações do cuidado pastoral. A pesquisa considerou dados de 45 entrevistas gravadas em 2016 e 2017 com nativos e nativas de Angola, Guiné-Bissau e Moçambique, e com missionárias brasileiras (batistas, assembleianas, presbiterianas e outras) atuantes nesses países enquanto solteiras. Ficou evidente que a infertilidade em países africanos redunda em práticas discriminatórias punitivas com pessoas inférteis, especialmente com mulheres. Aspectos como a autoestima, dignidade, significado de vida e relevância para a sociedade emergem dos dados de pesquisa. Constatou-se que pressões semelhantes também acontecem em contexto brasileiro, levando as pessoas a buscarem tratamento especializado para fertilidade. A problemática da infertilidade acarreta sofrimento para mulheres inférteis, demandando práticas para melhorar a qualidade de vida e significado. Portanto, a psicoterapia profissional e o cuidado pastoral se apresentam relevantes para as questões existenciais das pessoas inférteis.

Este artículo analiza la poco conocida Vida Admirable y Muerte Dichosa del Religioso Padre Gerónimo de Figueroa escrita por Francisco de Florencia (1689). El estudio presta especial atención a la manera cómo este texto establece una relación simbólica entre los motivos hagiográfico-medievales y contrarreformistas, la integración o exclusiones de criollos en las órdenes religiosas, el contexto situacional de las misiones en Nueva España. La investigación parte de la premisa de que la Vida de Gerónimo de Figueroa permite recapacitar sobre el hecho de que el individuo novohispano estaba consciente de su importancia dentro del espacio virreinal y de su influencia en las cuestiones relacionadas con la preservación/ampliación de la monarquía universal.

Resenha: SIMAS, Luiz Antonio. Umbandas: uma história do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2021.

Denne artikkelen utforsker hvordan lærerstudenter erfarer mulighetsrommet spill kan tilføre etikkundervisningen. Vi har latt lærerstudenter teste ulike spill og deretter reflektere over spillenes mulighetsrom, både individuelt og i grupper. Undersøkelsen viser at studentene legger stor vekt på handlingsdelen av etikken, anvendt etikk, og at dette påvirker hvilke kriterier studentene mener et dataspill bør ha for å kunne brukes i undervisningen. Studentene stilte krav om at valgene i spillene måtte være tydelige og realistiske for at de skulle være relevante for elever i en undervisningssituasjon. Spill med magiske elementer ble derimot sett på som mindre relevante. Studentene la også vekt på at valgene spillerne må ta i spillene, bør diskuteres i grupper, slik at ulike perspektiver og synspunkter kommer tydeligere frem. Nøkkelord: spillpedagogikk, etikkdidaktikk, lærerutdanning, dataspill, innlevelse, rammer

Hvordan kan man forske på religion og dataspill? Intensjonen med denne artikkelen er å lage en metodeveileder på norsk til én fremgangsmåte blant mange mulige. Eksempelet som brukes er Spirit of the North (Infuse Studio, 2020), hvor man spiller en rødrevfigur som ledes av en reveåndsfigur i å gjenopprette nordlyset og bringe magiske staver til døde mennesker, og derved lege et brutt forhold mellom mennesker, dyr og natur i etterkant av et vulkanutbrudd og sivilisasjonssammenbrudd. Ved å dele opp forskningsprosessen i forskjellige faser og lede leseren gjennom disse viser teksten hvordan forskning på religion og dataspill kan se ut. Aktuelle forskningsspørsmål løftes frem, samt metodevalg, notering, koding, resultatbeskrivelse og hvordan resultater kan settes inn i en større forskningssammenheng. Nøkkelord: religionsvitenskap, metodologi, religion og dataspill, religion og dyr, religion og natur

Fotball er et globalt populærkulturelt fenomen. På grunn av det enorme engasjementet fotball skaper, følelsene som leves ut, deltakelsen i felles ritualer og dyrkelsen av lag og enkeltspillere, kan fotball sammenlignes med religion. Vi bruker Argentinas seier i fotball-VM i 2022 som utgangspunkt og viser gjennom empiriske eksempler hvordan den enorme interessen for fotball i Argentina og dyrkelsen av Maradona kan forstås som en form for folkereligion. Mot slutten av artikkelen diskuterer vi hvordan utforsking av fotball og religion kan brukes didaktisk i undervisningen om religion i skolen i Norge. Nøkkelord: fotball, fotball-VM, folkereligion, folkehelgener, cábala, Maradona

Denne artikkelen handler om hvordan en låt fra populærkulturen kan fungere som introduksjon til undervisning om Det gamle testamentet på ungdomstrinnet. Den aktuelle låten er rastafarigruppen The Melodians’ «Rivers of Babylon» (seinere innspilt av Boney M), som bygger på første del av Salme 137. I artikkelen gjennomfører jeg en analyse av Salme 137 og «Rivers of Babylon» med utgangspunkt i postkolonial teori. Målet med analysen er å kritisk reflektere over kildebruk og definisjonsmakt knyttet til den aktuelle låten. Artikkelen bidrar til ny innsikt som er relevant med tanke på hvordan elever kan nå kompetansemålet om å «utforske og presentere hvordan elementer fra kristendom og andre religioner og livssyn kommer til uttrykk i medier og populærkultur». Nøkkelord: postkolonial bibeltolkning, Salme 137, rastafari, «Rivers of Babylon»

Karpes utgivelse Omar Sheriff og konsertene SAS Spektrum tok Norge med storm i 2022. I denne artikkelen undersøkes det hvilke tanker ungdommer fikk etter konserten SAS Spektrum. De seks ungdommene som ble intervjuet i studien, viser at Karpe traff en nerve. Tydelig revet med viser de også evne til å reflektere over møtet med et Karpe-univers der kultur, språk og religion fremstår som komplekse, sammenvevde og dynamiske fenomener. Artikkelen avslutter med et utblikk mot skolen og om hvordan ungdommenes erfaringer med Karpe og SAS Spektrum kan anvendes i en KRLE-didaktisk kontekst. Nøkkelord: ungdom, religion, transkulturalitet, Karpe, populærkultur, religionsundervisning

Kan læreplanmålene i LK20 om populærkultur og medier brukes som innfallsvinkel til å arbeide historisk og komparativt i KRLE og Religion og etikk? Gjennom å drøfte begrepene populærkultur og media opp mot noen få konkrete eksempler, ønsker jeg i denne artikkelen å få frem hvordan elevene kan lære om antikkens og middelalderens religiøse mangfold, globalisering og «levde religion», noe som igjen kan gi elever større forståelse for aspekter ved, og forholdet mellom, religion, kultur og samfunn i dag. Nøkkelord: religionshistorie, materialitet, hagiografi, levd religion, populærkultur

Diversos trabalhos têm apontado a existência de correlações entre o Espiritismo, tal como sistematizado por Allan Kardec, e a vertente do Socialismo utópico, ou romântico, fundada por Charles Fourier. As referências do próprio Kardec em suas publicações ao pensamento fourierista e a interação entre seguidores do Fourierismo e o nascente movimento espírita reforçam a presença de conexões que ensejam investigações mais aprofundadas. Este trabalho tem o propósito de confrontar alguns dos postulados fundamentais dessas duas doutrinas influentes e originárias do século XIX, comparando suas concepções a partir de três vértices. O primeiro deles é o moral, em que se pode identificar, entre outros aspectos, a maneira pela qual as duas correntes de pensamento apreciam o problema das paixões humanas. O segundo é a perspectiva de ambas sobre a marcha evolutiva do mundo, culminando com o terceiro, que é a percepção que exibem acerca da sociedade ideal. Esse exame permite uma breve demonstração das semelhanças e diferenças que se podem encontrar nos dois sistemas de pensamento, explicitando que as características similares não implicam subordinação teórica ou equivalência entre suas propostas.

O artigo objetiva uma linguistificação pós-metafísica da subjetividade mística a partir do pensamento de Richard Rorty e de Michel de Certeau. Para tanto, aborda-se inicialmente o processo de enunciação mística, notadamente na doutrina de João da Cruz, para num segundo momento questionar a impostação metafísica da ontologia fenomenológica sartriana. Como superação dessa perspectiva, a abordagem político-cultural da psicanálise de Richard Rorty propõe uma linguistificação do self em Freud e a reflexão moral, redescrevendo o mundo psíquico com a presença de “quase-pessoas”, o consciente e o inconsciente. Nesse ambiente conversacional entre conjuntos de crenças e desejos; sendo um predominante, o consciente, e outro alternativo, o inconsciente, há uma hospitalidade entre essas “quase-pessoas” como experiência de oração, em que um Outro divino e “sem modo” no self, como “quase-pessoa” estranha e parceira dessa conversação. Nesse sentido, na obra A Fábula Mística (2015), Michel de Certeau analisa as implicações linguísticas e ético-políticas dessa hospitalidade apaixonada no self nos reformadores do século XVI e XVII. O artigo finaliza apontando um viés complementar à abordagem dialógica da subjetividade mística a partir de Deus como ausência.

El estudio que aquí se ofrece tiene por objetivo dar respuesta a dos temas, a saber: ¿son el catolicismo y el espiritualismo compatibles y complementarios en sus fundamentos y prácticas? ¿En las categorías de la Lógica (como uso armónico de razonamiento válido) es compatible el adoctrinamiento simultáneo en el catolicismo y en el espiritualismo? Este análisis se sitúa dentro del contexto religioso brasileño, donde tradiciones como el Espiritismo y la Umbanda, que combinan elementos cristianos con espiritualistas, juegan un papel significativo. El artículo reconoce esta diversidad y propone una reflexión que toma en cuenta estas realidades, buscando comprender cómo diferentes cosmovisiones influyen en la práctica religiosa y en la visión del mundo de los fieles. Al confrontar estas distintas realidades en su esencia y lenguaje, la metodología adoptada propone una síntesis de los conceptos clave, clarificando las diferencias entre ambas tradiciones. Además, el estudio se propone ofrecer respuestas concretas a las cuestiones centrales, como la posibilidad de conciliación entre la resurrección y la reencarnación, y cómo estas creencias modelan la comprensión humana sobre la vida, la muerte y lo que viene después.

Este artigo descreve e comenta a criação, por parte de Allan Kardec, de um complexo arcabouço de divulgação de sua produção no novo campo de estudos a que denominou “Espiritismo”, ou “ciência espírita”. Embora não fazendo parte do mundo acadêmico, no sentido institucional do termo, o pesquisador francês efetivamente se aproximou, no desenvolvimento dessa interface com o público, daquilo que à época começava a se tornar padrão nas áreas mais maduras da ciência. Criou uma sociedade de estudos, a Sociedade Parisiense de Estudos Espíritas, em que fatos, hipóteses e métodos eram apresentados e discutidos, antes de eventualmente serem incorporados em textos e divulgados mais amplamente. Para essa divulgação, conjugou a publicação de livros temáticos a uma revista de assuntos espíritas gerais, a Revista Espírita, para veicular ensaios e resultados preliminares, servindo também de via de mão dupla para a interação com assinantes e correspondentes, interessados em contribuir com a elaboração da teoria espírita. Dado, porém, que o Espiritismo não era, nem pretendia ser, uma disciplina científica inserida no meio acadêmico oficial, existem diversas diferenças entre essas duas instituições espíritas e suas análogas na academia. Estas diferenças são aqui apontadas, explicadas e justificadas, como aspectos típicos do programa kardequiano.

O presente artigo procura analisar a influência da obra “Brasil, Coração do Mundo, Pátria do Evangelho”, psicografada por Chico Xavier, como capital simbólico que permitiu a Federação Espírita Brasileira se qualificar como porta-voz do espiritismo kardecista no Brasil junto ao governo de Getúlio Vargas em 1938 e marcar a presença da religião criada por Allan Kardec junto ao governo brasileiro. Em um momento de forte influência da Igreja Católica, representada na pessoa do Cardeal Leme, resgatando a influência e poder perdidos na Proclamação da República, espíritas se uniram a protestantes para defender a laicidade do Estado e garantir a liberdade de culto. O espiritismo no Brasil, diferentemente do que aconteceu na França, ganhou espaço nas primeiras décadas do século XX com curas espirituais. No início dos anos 1930, por conta de acusações de curandeirismo, os espíritas deixaram de lado as curas, investindo em obras assistenciais e literatura consoladora. Pode-se considerar o livro de Chico Xavier mais que uma teologia de narrativa espírita; o livro foi parte importante na construção do mito fundador da nação brasileira em um momento histórico de forte nacionalismo, e serviu de ferramenta essencial em uma disputa por espaço no campo religioso brasileiro no Estado Novo.

Na formulação do Espiritismo, diferentemente das tradições religiosas da época, Allan Kardec sempre se preocupou em apresentar os conceitos espíritas associados às ideias científicas vigentes então, com o objetivo de integrá-lo à cultura vigente. Para ele, as leis do mundo material e as do mundo espiritual têm origem divina. O Espiritismo não deve ser sagrado, pode mudar a partir de novas descobertas, novos fatos reconhecidos. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, o artigo aborda os avanços científicos admitidos por Kardec em seus escritos em tópicos antes somente do domínio religioso – como a evolução das espécies, a formação da Terra, a possibilidade de vida em outros mundos, a Lua, a natureza da matéria –, bem como os desenvolvimentos principais desde o século XIX até a atualidade. Esses avanços mostram que Kardec era um homem de seu tempo, mas com visão progressista e aberta a novos desenvolvimentos consolidados. Essa atitude dá indicações sobre como ele desejava que ocorresse o progresso e a divulgação do Espiritismo em todas as épocas.

Hinduísmo e Budismo são duas das religiões mais expressivas do mundo em número de adeptos. São, também, originárias de uma mesma região, o Subcontinente Indiano. Para além disso, ao longo do tempo, em especial nas etapas iniciais do Budismo, elas compartilham uma série de elementos teológicos e simbólicos. Mesmo assim, constituíram-se como sistemas religiosos próprios, com dinâmicas próprias, que, em muitos aspectos, não se misturam e até se opõem. Este artigo busca examinar as divergências substanciais entre Hinduísmo e Budismo. Para isso, propõe um trajeto circular, que parte das semelhanças entre ambas as religiões para além do lugar comum, para, então, ocupar-se das diferenças substanciais.

Com a filosofia de Simone Weil, este artigo propõe discutir a perspectiva filosófica da atenção. Para tal, argumenta que a condição da atenção demanda e sustenta um estado de graça que, ao dispor à consciência o sentimento de participação na beleza da natureza, vincula ser e mundo. Debate, a partir da perspectiva weiliana, um princípio intermediador entre a contemplação das formas da natureza, a afeição ao sagrado e o engajamento com a alteridade como condição da atenção. Busca-se inferir que a familiarização da consciência às instâncias fundamentais do ser é capaz de fazer frente aos sequestros atencionais do presente e recuperar um estado de graça suficiente a desembrutecer a vida. O objetivo está em tecer a crítica ao mundo moderno a partir da afirmação de uma atenção que, diferente das técnicas de focalização instrumentalizadas, demanda a confiança na experiência capaz de vincular o sentir, o pensar e o agir na defesa ético-política do amor ao mundo.

Este artigo investiga o impacto dos arquivos pessoais na reconfiguração da historiografia, destacando a relevância desses acervos em um contexto de transformações digitais. Baseando-se em reflexões de Derrida e Foucault, questiona a objetividade tradicional. Utilizando o arquivo pessoal de Allan Kardec, o da Sociedade Parisiense de Estudos Espíritas e a Revista Espírita como exemplos, o artigo explora a importância de documentos acessíveis por meio do Projeto Allan Kardec e do Museu Allan Kardec. Online (AKOL). Inicia com discussão teórico-metodológica, analisando a produção do arquivo de Kardec e sua influência no corpus doutrinário do espiritismo, com destaque para a sistematização de supostas mensagens espirituais. Utiliza fontes primárias, incluindo manuscritos, para compreender uma das obras de Kardec, a produção de A Gênese e a continuidade da doutrina após a sua morte.