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Infographics are a new type of reading material comprising textual and visual information that has been used worldwide. Nonetheless, there has been limited research investigating people's infographic-reading performance and the characteristics of superior readers. This study adopted Chinese texts and infographics as materials and employed eye-tracking technology to assess how working memory and relevant knowledge affected 137 college students' reading comprehension, as indicated by reading accuracy (ACC), and reading efficiency, which in turn was indicated by reading time (RT) and total fixation duration (TFD). For texts, verbal working memory (VWM) exhibited no effects on individuals' reading performance; visuospatial working memory (VSWM) exerted positive effects on both ACC and TFD, and participants with higher knowledge demonstrated better ACC. For infographics, higher-VWM participants showed greater ACC, and higher-VSWM participants displayed a longer RT and TFD, though the effect of knowledge was limited. Moreover, a significant interaction effect of VWM and relevant knowledge on the TFD of infographics was observed, indicating that individuals' prior knowledge or experience might structure schemas in an infographic and then act with VWM to accelerate reading speed. This study improves our understanding of how working memory and relevant knowledge impact the processing of materials with different synthesized levels, and its implications for instruction and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present mixed-methods study was two-fold: (i) to test the validity of a Sports Management knowledge, competencies, and skills framework developed during the New Miracle project to implement a tailored training program for sports managers; and (ii) to explore the managers' perceived relevance, possess and need for training of knowledge, competencies, and skills. International focus groups with sports managers from four European countries have been organized to test the framework's validity through a clustering and a sorting stage, including consensus agreement (Likert scale 1–6 pt.) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) assessment. Then, sports managers' perceived relevance, possession, and need for training of knowledge competencies and skills items was assessed through an online rating (Likert scale 1–6 pt; p ≤ 0.05). Findings showed good validity, internal consistency, and a high consensus agreement in relation to the proposed competency framework and the crucial role of soft skills in the sports management profession. Furthermore, participants highlighted transversal and specific items in relation to Entry, Middle, and Senior managerial positions. A perceived lack of possess of several items emerged, especially belonging to the technical and knowledge spheres, leading to the practical implications regarding the need to design sound educational programs based on attendees' specific career stages, educational backgrounds, and training needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to map evidence of relevant knowledge being appreciated in stricto sensu graduate research which bind teacher education to pedagogical practice. It is a review study which prioritizes a bibliographical review and a qualitative approach utilizing the descriptors "teacher education", "pedagogical practice", and "relevant knowledge" when selecting studies available in the Catalogue of Thesis and Dissertations of CAPES. The results denote special attention to relevant knowledge manifested in meeting local demands while teacher education is still in progress. Some proximity is also observed in part of the researches with global demands, even though this is not clearly indicated in the studies. However, there are no references to the Sustainable Development Goals in the studies we have analyzed, which confirms an issue to be addressed in the policies intended for teacher education in the Brazilian context, because these goals express planetary needs which no longer can be disregarded in the pedagogical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper examines the philosophy behind multinational companies’ global knowledge flows, highlighting links between external actors’ knowledge and expatriate managers’ actions. Applying philosophical pragmatism as a theoretical background, expatriate managers’ perception of external actors’ knowledge is presented as a tool enabling successful knowledge transfer. Design/methodology/approach: Data obtained via a survey on a sample of expatriate managers in Croatia is used. Using a partial least square structural equation modeling method, the correlations between external actors’ impact and subsidiary investment and headquarter benefits are explored. Findings and implications: Expatriate managers believe that headquarters benefit from a stronger impact of external actors on subsidiaries and an increase in subsidiaries’ internal investment. Our findings direct managers towards the harmonization of their priorities, highlighting the importance of inter- and intra-organizational agreements, suggesting that financial means should be directed towards widening internal knowledge bases and exploiting the potential of external knowledge. Limitations: Expats relevance perception priorities may be disrupted when headquarters impose performance evaluation criteria. This paper is also subject to expatriate managers’ experience limitations, which decreases their likelihood of recognizing relevant knowledge. Originality/value: Focusing on the psychology of expatriate managers, this paper introduces philosophical pragmatism as a theoretical framework underpinning successful knowledge transfer actions. Originating from pragmatism, successful actions are made through a manager’s perception of relevant knowledge. Expatriate managers’ actions are thus not passive reflections of their reality, but rather the result of their perception of relevant knowledge.

Abstract Background Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA) using praziquantel targeting primary school children is the main control strategy against schistosomiasis in Tanzania. However, there are concerns about decreasing participation in mass drug administration among primary school children for unknown reasons. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors related to relevant knowledge about schistosomiasis and the intention to participate in mass drug administration among primary school children in order to give recommendations for future projects. Methods A cross sectional, extended knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted among 356 primary school children aged 5–17 years in February–March 2016 using a pre-tested questionnaire. This survey was part of a baseline assessment for an integrated proof of concept study aiming towards schistosomiasis elimination on Ijinga Island. Outcomes of interest in logistic regression analysis were relevant knowledge and high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Explanatory variables were sociodemographic information sources and elements aligned to Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Results Only 17% of the children had relevant intestinal schistosomiasis related knowledge and very few of them knew any of the S. mansoni manifestations and complications. Factors associated with relevant schistosomiasis knowledge were previous diagnosis of schistosomiasis (aOR = 2.43, 95%CI: 1.1–5.6), having heard about schistosomiasis at school (aOR = 9.94, 95%CI: 5.0–19.7) and being enrolled in 6th or 7th grade (aOR = 3.94, 95%CI: 1.3–11.8). Only 40% of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Factors associated with high intention to participate in MDA were previous diagnosis (aOR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.1–4.7), perceived general risk of disease transmission by lake water (aOR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.0–3.1), perceived own vulnerability of getting infected (aOR = 5.10, 95%CI: 2.1–12.6), perceived danger of the disease (aOR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.3–4.8) and the perceived effectiveness of medicaments to cure the disease (aOR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.4–5.7). Conclusions The minority of the school children had high level of theoretical knowledge about schistosomiasis and a small proportion of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in mass drug administration. In general, practical knowledge on preventive measures such as taking anti-schistosomiasis drug during MDA need to be impacted in school children to increase their participation in the control program.

Background: Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA) using praziquantel targeting primary school children is the main control strategy against schistosomiasis in Tanzania. However, there are concerns about decreasing participation in mass drug administration among primary school children for unknown reasons. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors related to relevant knowledge about schistosomiasis and the intention to participate in mass drug administration among primary school children in order to give recommendations for future projects.Methods: A cross sectional, extended knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted among 356 primary school children aged 5-17 years in February-March 2016 using a pre-tested questionnaire. This survey was part of a baseline assessment for an integrated proof of concept study aiming towards schistosomiasis elimination on Ijinga Island. Outcomes of interest in logistic regression analysis were relevant knowledge and high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Explanatory variables were sociodemographic information sources and elements aligned to Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).Results: Only 17% of the children had relevant intestinal schistosomiasis related knowledge and very few of them knew any of the S. mansoni manifestations and complications. Factors associated with relevant schistosomiasis knowledge were previous diagnosis of schistosomiasis (aOR = 2.43, 95%CI: 1.1-5.6), having heard about schistosomiasis at school (aOR = 9.94, 95%CI: 5.0-19.7) and being enrolled in 6th or 7th grade (aOR = 3.94, 95%CI: 1.3-11.8). Only 40% of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Factors associated with high intention to participate in MDA were previous diagnosis (aOR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.1-4.7), perceived general risk of disease transmission by lake water (aOR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.0-3.1), perceived own vulnerability of getting infected (aOR = 5.10, 95%CI: 2.1-12.6), perceived danger of the disease (aOR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.3-4.8) and the perceived effectiveness of medicaments to cure the disease (aOR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.4-5.7).Conclusions: The minority of the school children had high level of theoretical knowledge about schistosomiasis and a small proportion of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in mass drug administration. In general, practical knowledge on preventive measures such as taking anti-schistosomiasis drug during MDA need to be impacted in school children to increase their participation in the control program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to explore the determining constituents of absorptive capacity and their influence on the overall absorptive capacity level in the organizations from knowledge-intensive industries in the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted in order to analyze how does the capability of the organizations from Serbian knowledge-intensive industries to acquire external knowledge, develop their knowledge base, communicate and exploit the absorbed knowledge affect their absorptive capacity. The methodology included quantitative and qualitative research method based on a questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed with the absorptive capacity evaluation model and by applying discriminant function analysis as a statistical method. The basic result shows that the absorptive capacity of organizations from knowledge-intensive industries in Serbia is clearly dependent on the scope of the available relevant knowledge. The fundamental conclusion as the result of this research indicates that the enrichment of the organizational knowledge bases with the relevant new content strongly enhances the absorptive capacity of organizations from knowledge-intensive industries in Serbia. Further research on this topic should be directed towards investigating the relationship between the existing knowledge base and the innovation capability in organizations from knowledge-intensive industries.

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Effective and sustainable police- and peace-building reforms require that international interveners and implementers have sufficient knowledge of the political, social and cultural complexities of local environments in which they will attempt reforms. Essential aspects of local mission environments on which information needs to be collected and taught to international interveners are outlined, as are some of the policy implications for planning and implementing sustainable reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text books occupy a very important place in the teaching task nowadays and the knowledge that circulates through them turns into "official knowledge", whose contents that are not considered as valid by the editorial publishers have an important risk of being out of the curriculum in action. It seems then, unavoidable, to make it clear who imposes the real life point of view that must be adopted as true and which are the ways through which it is imposed. The proposal in this particular moment of the research work consists in making a political analysis of those English and math books which are being used in Santa Rosa public schools. (Work is focused on editions from 2000 on, in other stages of the investigation we have studied books used in the XXth: those previous to the Reform and those edited between 1993 and 2000). As a result of the analysis we can see that there is an important amount of knowledge which is out of context in different ways (time, space and meaning). This could be interfering with the possibility of creating both: relevant knowledge and critical citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]