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This commentary addresses the crucial need for rigorous and relevant qualitative research in marketing academia and offers actionable recommendations for scholars to achieve excellence in both these aspects. The recommendations are classified in four categories (1) maintaining rigour while conducting qualitative research, (2) maintaining rigour while writing the qualitative research manuscript, (3) conducting relevant qualitative research and (4) communicating the relevance of the qualitative research while writing the manuscript. The recommendations provided in this commentary have the potential to empower qualitative researchers to produce high-impact research that enhances marketing knowledge and practice. The contributions are intended to resonate with marketing academic scholars, professors, doctoral students, reviewers, and journal editors, ultimately unifying and aligning efforts to elevate the standards and impact of qualitative research in marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of consumer scholarship must move beyond a mere counting of the number of "A"s on a researcher's CV to include at least some measure of impact. To facilitate a broader assessment of scholarship in consumer research, we provide detailed statistics on the productivity and citation impact of the field's 340 main gatekeepers: the editors, associate editors, and editorial board members of the Journal of Consumer Research and the Journal of Consumer Psychology. In addition, we introduce a new metric, called the p -index, which can be interpreted as an indicator of a researcher's propensity for thought leadership. Using this metric, we show that productivity and thought leadership do not necessarily go hand in hand in consumer research and that a combination of the two is a good predictor of the level of esteem that consumer scholars enjoy among their peers and of the receipt of major career awards. Our analyses provide greater transparency into how productivity, citation impact, and propensity for thought leadership are currently distributed among prominent consumer scholars. Furthermore, the detailed descriptive statistics reported can serve as useful benchmarks against which other consumer researchers' records may be meaningfully compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose—The purpose of this paper is to provide a new and useful formulation of relevance. Design/methodology/approach—This paper is formulated as a conceptual argument. It makes the case for the utility of considering relevance to be function of use in creative processes. Findings—There are several corollaries to formulating relevance as a function of use. These include the idea that objects by themselves cannot be relevant since use assumes interaction; the affordances of objects and how they are perceived can affect what becomes relevant but are not in themselves relevant; relevance is not an essential characteristic of objects; relevance is transient; potential relevance (what might be relevant in the future) can be distinguished from what is relevant in use and from what has been relevant in the past. Originality/value—The paper shows that its new formulation of relevance brings improved conceptual and terminological clarity to the discourse about relevance in information science. It demonstrates that how relevance is articulated conceptually is important as its conceptualization can affect the ways that users are able to make use of information systems and, by extension, how information systems can facilitate or disable the co-production of creative outcomes. The paper also usefully expands investigative opportunities by suggesting relevance and creativity are interrelated.

The concept of electronic evidence is one of the most fundamental categories in the administrative process. After all, the ability to use and evaluate them in the process of establishing the truth depends on the correct understanding of this concept. Evaluation of electronic evidence is a mental and procedural activity of the court and participants in an administrative case aimed at forming a final conclusion on the confirmation or refutation of the facts to be proved with the help of electronic evidence. The court's activities in assessing electronic evidence include a number of specific steps and actions aimed at the correct resolution of the dispute in accordance with the princi ples of administrative proceedings. The current Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine provides for the procedure for the evaluation of evidence by the court, but to date, the scientific doctrine and practice do not address the question of what criteria for evaluating evidence should be applied to electronic evidence. The Guidelines "Electronic Evidence in Civil and Administrative Proceedings" adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on January 30, 2019, state that electronic evidence should be evaluated in the same way as other types of evidence, in particular with regard to its admissibility, authenticity, accuracy and integrity. Based on the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine, the said Guidelines and case law, the author of the article reveals the essence of four key criteria of electronic evidence: reliability, relevance, admissibility, sufficiency, and additionally identifies such a criterion as ensuring the integrity of evidence, which includes preservation of the original electronic evidence and recording. The author formulates the definition of the concept of criteria for evaluation of electronic evidence, which is considered to be the mental and procedural activity of a court and participants to an administrative case aimed at forming a final conclusion on confirmation or refutation of the facts to be proved by means of electronic evidence. The author believes that a clear definition of the essence of the criteria for evaluation of electronic evidence is important for the formation of a new theory of electronic evidence evaluation and a new technology for practical implementation of the provisions of this theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any behavior humans can perform, they can be performed in an "ostensive" way, that is, overtly attracting attention and providing evidence of meaning. The communicative principle of relevance is a lawlike generalization about ostensive stimuli and hence about human communication. Here I present the principle as a pair of simple and general empirical statements: one on the audience side and one on the communicator side. I also summarize recent developments: Experimental tests have proved supportive, theoretical analyses have connected the principle to evolutionary and developmental perspectives, and the principle has been used more broadly than before, far beyond the traditional domains of semantics and pragmatics. These developments consolidate the communicative principle of relevance as fundamental to understanding human interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the occasion of 30 years of South African democracy, we reflect on the current state of Psychology research in South Africa. We conducted a situational analysis of all papers appearing in the South African Journal of Psychology (SAJP) and abstracts in PsycINFO with the keyword 'South Africa' over the last 5 years and compared the results with a previous review that used the same methodology. Findings show an increase in papers using 'hard' science approaches and a decrease in systems-oriented theories. Assessment remains a major topic. While COVID-19 and climate change featured, there remains a lack of or low focus on several key psycho-social issues experienced by South Africans. People living in poorer provinces and young and older people are under-represented in knowledge production. Collaborations or comparisons with other African or South American countries have decreased. Positively, production is being spearheaded by South African scholars or people affiliated with South African institutions. Using a decolonising lens that foregrounds epistemic justice, we conclude that substantial work remains to be done for knowledge production in South African Psychology to fulfil the decolonising imperative of distributive epistemic justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study addresses how algorithmic recommendations and their affordances shape everyday information practices among young people. Design/methodology/approach: Thematic interviews were conducted with 20 Finnish young people aged 15–16 years. The material was analysed using qualitative content analysis, with a focus on everyday information practices involving online platforms. Findings: The key finding of the study is that the current affordances of algorithmic recommendations enable users to engage in more passive practices instead of active search and evaluation practices. Two major themes emerged from the analysis: enabling not searching, inviting high trust, which highlights the how the affordances of algorithmic recommendations enable the delegation of search to a recommender system and, at the same time, invite trust in the system, and constraining finding, discouraging diversity, which focuses on the constraining degree of affordances and breakdowns associated with algorithmic recommendations. Originality/value: This study contributes new knowledge regarding the ways in which algorithmic recommendations shape the information practices in young people's everyday lives specifically addressing the constraining nature of affordances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employers sometimes use personality tests in hiring or specifically look for candidates with certain personality traits such as being social, outgoing, active, and extraverted. Therefore, they hire based on personality, specifically extraversion in part at least. The question arises whether this practice is morally permissible. We argue that, in a range of cases, it is not. The common belief is that, generally, it is not permissible to hire based on sex or race, and the wrongness of such hiring practices is based on two widely accepted principles: the Relevance Principle and the Fairness Principle. The Relevance Principle states that hiring should be based on what is relevant to job performance, while the Fairness Principle states that hiring should be based on features that individuals can control. Since hiring based on sex or race violates these principles, it is wrong. However, we argue that, in a range of cases, hiring based on extraversion also violates these principles, and assuming the validity of the Relevance and the Fairness Principles, it follows that personality discrimination is morally wrong in those cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the performance of the EU in its Eastern neighbourhood. Whereas there is a developed repository of legal, institutional and power-based explanations on the performance of the EU's policies, research dedicated to understanding how third countries take on these policies is scarce. Thus, by employing process tracing we, first, assess the EU's involvement in Moldova over a 10-year interval (2009–2019). Second, by looking at the data drawn from a longitudinal study based on annual opinion polls conducted in the EU's six Eastern partner countries since 2016 and on a questionnaire-based survey conducted at the national level in the Republic of Moldova in autumn 2019, we explore how EU's performance is perceived at the societal level in Moldova. Our findings show the degree the EU, through the EaP, meets the needs of Moldova across time (relevance) and whether the EaP mitigates Moldova's democratization challenges (impact). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions ChatGPT, a sophisticated language model developed by OpenAI, has the potential to offer professional and patient‐friendly support. We aimed to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT‐4 in answering questions related to knowledge, management, and support within the field of reproductive medicine.ChatGPT‐4 was used to respond to queries sourced from a domestic attending physician examination database, as well as to address both local and international treatment guidelines within the field of reproductive medicine. Each response generated by ChatGPT‐4 was independently evaluated by a trio of experts specializing in reproductive medicine. The experts used four qualitative measures—relevance, accuracy, completeness, and understandability—to assess each response.We found that ChatGPT‐4 demonstrated extensive knowledge in reproductive medicine, with median scores for relevance, accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility of objective questions being 4, 3.5, 3, and 3, respectively. However, the composite accuracy rate for multiple‐choice questions was 63.38%. Significant discrepancies were observed among the three experts' scores across all four measures. Expert 1 generally provided higher and more consistent scores, while Expert 3 awarded lower scores for accuracy. ChatGPT‐4's responses to both domestic and international guidelines showed varying levels of understanding, with a lack of knowledge on regional guideline variations. However, it offered practical and multifaceted advice regarding next steps and adjusting to new guidelines.We analyzed the strengths and limitations of ChatGPT‐4's responses on the management of reproductive medicine and relevant support. ChatGPT‐4 might serve as a supplementary informational tool for patients and physicians to improve outcomes in the field of reproductive medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This two-part study describes a learning exercise including a video and a worksheet designed to raise students' awareness of the need to evaluate the completeness of references generated by ChatGPT. The first part of the study assesses the completeness and relevance of academic references generated by ChatGPT using four prompts and three versions of ChatGPT. Content analysis using a priori coding revealed that most of the references generated are hallucinations or only partially complete. The results from the first part of the study were utilized in the second part of the study where 66 students evaluated the completeness of a sample of the references that had been generated and evaluated in the first part of the study. Although most students participating in the case study correctly answered questions about the content of the videos, only some students were able to correctly evaluate the completeness of the generated references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Library & Information Science is the property of Anhui University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Cerebral infarction is a health problem of global concern and brings a particular burden to medical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) levels and changes in cerebral atherosclerosis (AS) degree in non-diabetic patients with cerebral infarction. METHODS: A total of 134 non-diabetic patients with cerebral infarction who visited the Department of Neurology of our hospital from May 2019 to October 2020 were selected and underwent MRA/CTA (Magnetic resonance angiography/Computed tomography angiography) of cerebral arteries to refine the cerebrovascular imaging data, and according to the results of cerebral AS load, the patients were divided into mild AS group and severe AS group, and the insulin resistance index was calculated with HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) to evaluate the IR level and HOMA-IR was compared between the two groups. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the levels of IR in patients and the changes in cerebral AS load. RESULTS: 54 individuals had severe AS and 80 patients had mild AS, according to an MRA/CTA of the cerebral arteries. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in HOMA-IR between the difficult and gentle AS groups. A significant link between HOMA-IR and the severity of cerebral AS in patients was found using Spearman correlation analysis (r = 0.850, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The IR phenomenon was prevalent in non-diabetic patients with cerebral infarction, and the level of IR was closely related to the severity of cerebral AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The placement of peripheral venous catheters (PVC) is a frequent procedure in the emergency department (ED), which exposes patients to complications (hematoma, fluid leakage, phlebitis, edema, infection), increases hemolysis of blood samples, is time-consuming and costly. The main aim of this study is to analyze the rate of PVC nonuse in the ED and to identify predictive factors of their nonuse. This prospective single-center observational study was conducted in the ED of the Saint-Antoine Hospital in Paris, France between February and March 2022. Adult patients receiving a PVC were included. In addition to demographic and medical data, the reason for PVC prescription and the prescribing physician's expectation of PVC use were collected. A total of 304 patients were included, with a median age of 61.5 years (IQR: 43–79 years), of whom 152 (50%) were men. PVC were primarily prescribed for intravenous medication administration. Seventy-two (23.7%) PVC were not used. In multivariable analysis, the predictive factors of nonuse were the prescribing physician's expectation of nonuse [OR 6.35, CI 95% (2.64–15.29), for "no" and "not sure" vs. "yes" responses] and the reason for prescribing "just in case" [OR 3.54, CI 95% (1.37–9.17)]. PVC were not used in 23.7% of cases. Predictors of nonuse were the prescribing physician's expectation of nonuse and the reason for prescribing "just in case". A PVC should probably not be prescribed if the prescribing physician thinks it will not be used or prescribes it "just in case". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines teachers’ and student-teachers’ conceptualisations of social justice in English language teaching (ELT), and their enactment of a social justice pedagogy in their ELT practices in state secondary schools in Argentina. Framed as collaborative action research, data types comprise interviews, classroom observations, and teaching artefacts such as lesson plans and teacher-made worksheets. Qualitative content analysis reveals that the participants’ understanding and enactment of social justice pedagogy was driven by the principle of relevance, thus making the practice of ELT highly context dependent, student-centred, and situated. The experience legitimated some of the teachers’ previous teaching experiences. However, it also brought about tensions among some of them as they attempted to address topics which were perceived as politically loaded and controversial. Such tensions led teachers to grapple with the principles of relevance and representation. The study characterises social justice pedagogy in ELT and includes implications for teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Department of Education (DepEd) adopts the National Learning Recovery Program (NLRP) through DepEd Order No. 013, s. 2023 which aims to strengthen the learning recovery and continuity program, improve literacy and numeracy, and accelerate the achievement of education targets. This study aimed to examine the respondents perceptions on the implementation of the Learning Recovery Plan (LRP) in addressing the learning gaps, starts with assessing fundamental skills such as the literacy and numeracy in the early grades. Detecting learners who have not developed the full range of reading and numeracy skills are provided with appropriate programs. A post pandemic program from the Department of Education, that which aims to identify the level of responsiveness, relevance and appropriateness of the different school in the Division of San Pablo City, and how effective and efficient is this study as to upskilling and reskilling of teachers, stakeholders effort, updating, review of different projects and programs and teaching methodology to recover the learning gaps after pandemic. Random sampling was conducted because of the limited access for face to face contact and all the big schools, three-year plan beginning SY 2022-2023, which shall be adopted by all DepEd implementing units and schools by aligning respective plans and implementation to the directions and priorities specified in this policy. Based on the finding the relevance, resilience and appropriateness in the level of in the implementation of learning recovery plan (LRP)addressing the learning gaps are "always observed" among the different school in the division of San Pablo regardless of age, length of service and district from which they belong, moreover the level of effectivity and efficiency in the learning, have significant effect in terms of physical and mental resilience, communication plan, professionalism, community stakeholder and support system in upskilling and reskilling of teachers, stakeholders effort, improvement of learning environment, updating and review of projects and programs and the teaching methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article revisits Morten Levin's article, "Academic integrity in action research" published in the journal, Action Research (Levin 2012). It develops the main theme of rigour and relevance from the perspective of interiority. Interiority is a philosophical theory and method that enables action researchers attend to the data of their consciousness, that is how they experience, question, understand, test their understanding, make judgments, make decisions and act, which Levin understands as bildung. I offer interiority as the perspective on how rigour and relevance may be understood and integrated in a reframing of the bildung of action researchers as Morten discussed it in 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of National University of Defense Technology / Guofang Keji Daxue Xuebao is the property of NUDT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explains how shared leadership can be recognised and established in project-based learning as a situated English practice. It specifically explores the task characteristics of Cox et al.'s (2003) leadership model, which illustrates the functional relations between the procedural features of project work and its outcomes. The result of the analysis is that project work underlies the collective and highly integrative potential of the group of students, transforming them into a community of practice. The findings indicate that factors contributing to facilitating shared leadership are the interdependence of tasks between individuals driven by intrinsic motivation to act and the low complexity of tasks. The analysis also suggests that, although low complexity tasks may weaken shared leadership, they maximise relevance, thereby minimising cognitive effort. Consequently, this response strategy can help boost collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the correlation of job efficacy, mental health and job burnout of nursing staff in interventional operating room. Methods: A total of 110 nursing staff in the interventional operating room from August 2020 to February 2023 were selected as the observation objects, and all of them were evaluated by Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Job Efficacy Scale, and Marquis Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess their mental health. According to the MBI scale, they were divided into a mild group (n=33), a moderate group (n=59), and a severe group (n=18) to compare the high and low scores of SCL-90 scale and job efficacy scale. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation among job efficacy scale of nursing staff, SCL-90 scale and MBI scale. Results: A total of 100 nursing staff of interventional operating room were all performed by SCL-90 scale with a total score of (222.68 ± 28.61), job efficacy scale with a total score of (23.37 ± 2.58), and MBI scale with a total score of (7.90 ± 1.04). The proportion of mild, moderate and severe job burnout accounted for 30.00%, 53.64% and 16.36% respectively. The low scores of job efficiency of nursing staff in the severe group of job burnout accounted for 83.33%, which was significantly higher than the mild and moderate groups, accounting for 39.39% and 42.37% respectively; the high scores of job efficiency of nursing staff in the mild group of job burnout accounted for 69.70%, which was significantly higher than the moderate group and severe group, accounting for 38.98% and 38.89%, respectively and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that job efficacy scale was significantly negatively correlated with MBI scale of nursing staff (r=-0.513, P<0.05), and SCL-90 scale was significantly positively correlated with MBI scale (r=0.627, P<0.05). Conclusion: Job burnout of nursing staff in intervention operating room is closely related to job efficacy and mental health. It is suggested to focus on the psychological status and the sense of job efficacy of nursing staff in intervention operating room to create a good professional environment and improve the quality of nursing personnel training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Nowadays a constitutively determined description of sporting events becomes a powerful tool for the formation of national ideology and culture. The study of headline complexes in sports publications provides an insight into the mechanisms of manifestation of phatic and manipulative functions, which are currently dominant in the language of the media. Materials and Methods. The article, based on a contaminated classification of the discursive significance of sports news and discourse-modus analysis, taking into account the focus of the addressee, analyzes various types of headlines as basic codes for interpreting the main text of messages, their main functions and the functional pragmatics of influencing a hypothetical recipient. Analysis. Particular attention is paid to the comparison of specifiers of phatic and informational orientation as the most representative mechanisms of bidirectional vectors operating within the framework of increasing the relevance of the described event and the socio-cultural and ideological phenomena associated with it. The author argues that the use of manipulative and phaticoexplicatory techniques in headlines realizes the maximum perlocutionary effect, if a balance between episodic sensationalism and operational information content is maintained. Taking into account the complex of axiological dominants in the compressed space of the title is recognized as a basic condition for attracting the attention of a wide range of readers; and the use of units that mark the exclusivity and episodic determinism of the described news item is the most effective methods for realizing the maximum manipulative effect. Results. The headline complex is the most compressed regulatoryphatic model of the entire text of the description, which includes settings for interpreting the entire description and specifies the axiological vectors for evaluating the news feed. At the same time, the strong position of the text, which the title represents, activates the attention of the readership through provocative narrativization, affecting associations with other socially significant areas.

Abstract This two-part study describes a learning exercise including a video and a worksheet designed to raise students’ awareness of the need to evaluate the completeness of references generated by ChatGPT. The first part of the study assesses the completeness and relevance of academic references generated by ChatGPT using four prompts and three versions of ChatGPT. Content analysis using a priori coding revealed that most of the references generated are hallucinations or only partially complete. The results from the first part of the study were utilized in the second part of the study where 66 students evaluated the completeness of a sample of the references that had been generated and evaluated in the first part of the study. Although most students participating in the case study correctly answered questions about the content of the videos, only some students were able to correctly evaluate the completeness of the generated references.

Medical research plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of various aspects related to health, including disease, risk factors, and patient management. However, the interpretation of research data becomes intricate when considering the notions of statistical significance and clinical relevance. It is not uncommon to interpret findings that demonstrate statistical significance as indicative of clinical relevance. To explain it in a more straightforward way, statistical significance, ascertained through statistical tests using the P value, indicates that an observed difference or association is improbable to occur by chance alone. Conversely, clinical relevance focuses on the practical implications of a finding in real-world contexts and determines whether an observed difference or relationship holds practical meaning. Recently, there have been issues and debates surrounding the idea of statistical significance as certain experts argue that its mathematical representation can be misleading when it comes to practical understanding. These experts propose the inclusion of additional measures like effect sizes and confidence intervals. A sound comprehension of both statistical and clinical dimensions is vital in order to ensure precise interpretation of data and facilitate well-informed decision-making in the practice of medicine. By doing so, it positively influences the health of individuals and communities.

A theory-first paradigm tends to be the dominant approach in much academic marketing research. In this approach, a theory is borrowed, refined, or developed and then tested empirically. In this challenging-the-boundaries article, the authors make a case for an empirics-first approach. "Empirics-first" refers to research that (1) is grounded in (originates from) a real-world marketing phenomenon, problem, or observation, (2) involves obtaining and analyzing data, and (3) produces valid marketing-relevant insights without necessarily developing or testing theory. The empirics-first approach is not antagonistic to theory but rather can serve as a stepping-stone to theory. The approach lends itself well to today's data-rich environment, which can reveal novel research questions untethered to theory. The present article describes the underlying principles of an empirics-first approach, which consists of exploring a domain purposefully without preconceptions. Using a rich set of published examples, the authors offer guidance on how to implement empirics-first research and how it can lead to valuable knowledge development. Advice is also offered to scholars on how to report empirics-first research and to reviewers and to editorial teams on how to evaluate it. The ultimate objective is to pave a way for the empirics-first approach to enter the mainstream of academic marketing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Miscommunications account for up to 80% of preventable medical errors. Mnemonics like I-PASS (Illness severity, Patient summary, Actions list, Situation awareness, Synthesis) have demonstrated a positive impact on reducing error rates. Currently, physicians at our hospital do not follow a specific structure during hand-offs. We aimed to compare current hand-offs without prior training to a gold standard and the I-PASS tool in terms of content and sequence. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of data collected during a simulation study of a Friday evening hand-off to the night resident at University Hospitals of Geneva. Thirty physicians received a hand-off of four patients and managed two other patients through nursing pages at the start of the night shift, generating six sign-outs each, totaling 177 sign-outs. A focus group of three senior doctors defined the gold standard (GS) by consensus on the essential content of each sign-out. The analysis focused on the rates of relevance (ratio of information considered relevant by the GS) and completeness (proportion of transmitted elements out of all expected elements of the GS), and the distribution and sequence of the first four I-PASS categories. Results Relevance and completeness rates were 37.2% ± 0.07 and 51.9% ± 0.1, respectively, with no significant difference between residents and supervisors. There was a positive correlation between total hand-off time and relevance (residents: R2 = 0.62; supervisors: R2 = 0.67) and completeness (residents: R2 = 0.32; supervisors: R2 = 0.56). The distribution of I-PASS categories was highly skewed in both the GS (I = 2%, P = 72%, A = 17%, S = 9%) and participants (I = 6%, P = 73%, A = 14%, S = 7%), with significant differences in categories A (p = 0.046) and I (p ≤ 0.001). Sequences of I-PASS categories generally followed a P-A-S-I pattern. The first S category was frequently absent, and only one participant began by announcing the case severity as suggested by I-PASS. Conclusion We identified gaps between current medical sign-outs in our institution's general internal medicine division and the I-PASS structure. We recommend implementing the I-PASS mnemonic, emphasizing the "I" category at the start and the "S" category to anticipate and prevent complications. Future studies should assess the impact of this recommendation, adapt the mnemonic elements to the context, and introduce specific hand-off training for senior medical students.

ObjectiveTo assess the level of internal exposure to PCP in a community population in Shanghai, to investigate the factors affecting the level of PCP, and to analyze the correlation between the exposure and thyroid hormone levels.MethodsA total of 464 residents of a community in Shanghai were selected as the study subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain the demographic information, dietary situation, lifestyle and behavioral habits, and disease history of the individuals, and blood samples were collected. Gas chromatography-electron trap was applied to determine the PCP levels in serum. Multicategorical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of PCP exposure in humans. Thyroid hormone levels were used as the dependent variable and serum PCP as the independent variable. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between PCP and thyroid hormones in the community population after controlling the confounding factors such as age, gender, literacy, annual personal income, and chronic diseases.ResultsThe detection rate of serum PCP in 464 subjects was 90.3%, and the median serum PCP level was 0.43 μg·L-1. The differences in PCP levels among different age groups were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in PCP levels among different gender and BMI groups. The study of PCP exposure factors showed that age, frequency of using plastic products, consumption of freshwater fish, type of occupation, annual income, and consumption of tea or coffee were the potential influencing factors for PCP exposure. Among them, age, frequency of using plastic products, consumption of tea or coffee, and consumption of freshwater fish were positively associated with PCP levels, and annual personal income was negatively associated with it. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that among men, PCP levels were positively correlated with TSH (b=0.105, 95%CI:0.017‒0.313) and negatively correlated with FT4 (b=-0.026, 95%CI:-0.057‒0.004), and among women, PCP levels were positively correlated with TSH (b=0.092, 95%CI:-0.211‒0.904) and FT3 (b=0.017, 95%CI:-0.058‒0.230) and negatively correlated with FT4 (b=-0.013, 95%CI:-0.011‒0.037).ConclusionSerum PCP detection is common among community residents in Shanghai. Different demographic characteristics or behavioral habits may increase or decrease PCP exposure. PCP exposure then affects human thyroid hormone levels.

Abstract Background Basic sciences are crucial for clinical medicine, yet studies focusing on their perceived utility among general practitioners (GPs) are sparse. Considering the broad scope of GPs’ practice, an in-depth understanding of basic sciences is fundamental for making informed clinical decisions. This study evaluated GP registrars’ retention and perceptions of the utility of basic sciences in clinical practice. Methods Using sequential explanatory mixed methods study design, knowledge retention was assessed by a multiple-choice question (MCQ) examination followed by interviews on the perception of the relevance and utility of basic sciences among GP registrars at James Cook University's (JCU) General Practice Training (GPT) program. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted on the MCQ exam data, while thematic analysis was employed for the qualitative interview data. Results Sixty-one GP registrars participated in the MCQ exam, while 11 of them were involved in the interviews. The highest mean score was obtained in biochemistry (75.1 ± 2.23) while the lowest mean score was in anatomy (56.07 ± 3.16). Key performance predictors included the formative clinical examination scores (β = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.2, p

Background: Miscommunications account for up to 80% of preventable medical errors. Mnemonics like I-PASS (Illness severity, Patient summary, Actions list, Situation awareness, Synthesis) have demonstrated a positive impact on reducing error rates. Currently, physicians at our hospital do not follow a specific structure during hand-offs. We aimed to compare current hand-offs without prior training to a gold standard and the I-PASS tool in terms of content and sequence. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of data collected during a simulation study of a Friday evening hand-off to the night resident at University Hospitals of Geneva. Thirty physicians received a hand-off of four patients and managed two other patients through nursing pages at the start of the night shift, generating six sign-outs each, totaling 177 sign-outs. A focus group of three senior doctors defined the gold standard (GS) by consensus on the essential content of each sign-out. The analysis focused on the rates of relevance (ratio of information considered relevant by the GS) and completeness (proportion of transmitted elements out of all expected elements of the GS), and the distribution and sequence of the first four I-PASS categories. Results: Relevance and completeness rates were 37.2% ± 0.07 and 51.9% ± 0.1, respectively, with no significant difference between residents and supervisors. There was a positive correlation between total hand-off time and relevance (residents: R2 = 0.62; supervisors: R2 = 0.67) and completeness (residents: R2 = 0.32; supervisors: R2 = 0.56). The distribution of I-PASS categories was highly skewed in both the GS (I = 2%, P = 72%, A = 17%, S = 9%) and participants (I = 6%, P = 73%, A = 14%, S = 7%), with significant differences in categories A (p = 0.046) and I (p ≤ 0.001). Sequences of I-PASS categories generally followed a P-A-S-I pattern. The first S category was frequently absent, and only one participant began by announcing the case severity as suggested by I-PASS. Conclusion: We identified gaps between current medical sign-outs in our institution's general internal medicine division and the I-PASS structure. We recommend implementing the I-PASS mnemonic, emphasizing the "I" category at the start and the "S" category to anticipate and prevent complications. Future studies should assess the impact of this recommendation, adapt the mnemonic elements to the context, and introduce specific hand-off training for senior medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their independent structure, piping, and access, townhouses offer great flexibility in floor plan changes and high spatial autonomy, making them the mainstream housing type in Taiwan. This study focuses on row houses and examines 2022 completion cases in Kaohsiung City. It collects floor plans from 14 newly constructed buildings, totaling 227 units, and analyzes spatial dimensions including the facade width, depth, habitable room, staircases, bathrooms, and total floor area for each case. The objective of this study is to examine the spatial layout of row houses in Kaohsiung City, with the aim of providing a reference for the future planning and design of such structures. The study results showed that 81.8% of the row houses analyzed have a total floor area per unit ranging from 136 to 192 m2, a facade width between 4.1 and 6.38 m, and a building depth from 7.67 to 12.68 m. In addition, they showed a low negative correlation between the facade width and total floor area, a high positive correlation between the building depth and total floor area, and a moderate negative correlation between the facade width and building depth. The spatial distribution within these houses includes 78% allocated to habitable room, 13.1% to staircases, and 8.7% to bathrooms. The total area of habitable rooms and bathrooms increases with the total floor area of the building. However, the total area of staircases remains almost constant as the area of habitable rooms increases. Furthermore, the most common location for staircase planning is the rear-right (RB) position, while the least common is the rear-left (LB) position. Among various staircase types, the C-shaped staircase has the largest average area per floor and the highest average proportion. Conversely, the I-shaped staircase has the smallest average area and the lowest average proportion. The U-shaped staircase is the most frequently planned, whereas the C-shaped staircase is the least frequently used. This means that planning of staircase location and type significantly affects the size and layout of habitable rooms and bathrooms in townhouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Wide Web has been a fundamental part of our daily lives for years. Its algorithmic framework ensnares our online journeys in an "endless recurrence" of the "same" by creating multiple filter bubbles. Digital algorithms establish a precise "order of discourse," leaving little to no room for deviation. Functioning as a colossal machinic apparatus, the web embodies the culmination of Artificial Intelligence (AI), transforming every piece of posted content into a database that profiles our online behavior and activities. This article explores whether approaches that describe everyday human communication, such as the theories of relevance developed by Alfred Schutz, or by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, can be applied to the realm of digital algorithmic grammars governing the web, and to the semiospheres that animate it. The conclusions raise some doubts: a gap exists between algorithmic language and its historical counterparts, characterized by a disparity between logical-mathematical grammar and other linguistic-historical-natural ones. While these two types of languages coexist within the digital landscape, their relevance differs; what may be "relevant" in an algebraic context may not necessarily translate to our live conversational exchanges, and vice versa. Although merged in the digital sphere, these languages operate distinctly, and proficiency in one does not guarantee adeptness in interpreting the other accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the ontological foundations of lifeworld as Being taken for granted and viewed as a communication phenomenon par excellence, conceptualized as signifying in the presence of others. It is argued that, because there is always a wider horizon of experience against which anything can appear, lifeworld as something continuous can only be thematized in discrete scientific forms. In the article, lifeworld is discussed through the perspectives of four different sciences. From the natural science perspective, lifeworld is conceptualized as an arrangement contingent on the interconnections of human and nonhuman beings. It takes the form of conversation and can be best examined by Conversation Analysis. From the social science perspective, lifeworld is conceptualized as an order that is constituted by symbolic interactions and guided by relevant types and rules that structure our experience. It takes the form of intersubjective action as a meaningful back and forth and can be best examined by Discourse Analysis. From the cultural sciences perspective, lifeworld is the realm of spirit passed from generation to generation that gives human culture its meaning. It takes the form of significant expressions and can be best examined by Textual Hermeneutic Analysis. And, from the philosophical perspective, lifeworld is constituted by phenomena that appear, or monstrate themselves, to consciousness. This lifeworld is of absolute reversibility and immediacy and can be best examined by Critical Analysis, i.e., by postulating our relation to any object through contemplation. Thus, as Being, lifeworld is said in many ways, each lifeworld being relevant in its own way by providing a valuable resource – physico-biological, normative, significational, and transcendental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frame problem, a long-standing issue in Artificial Intelligence (AI), revolves around determining the relevance of information in an ever-changing array of contexts, posing a formidable challenge in modeling human reasoning. The purpose of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that emotions are able to solve, or at least enable a substantial step towards a solution. I argue that, while emotions are integral to cognitive processes, they do not offer a solution to the frame problem, nor can they play a significant role in a solution. In the course of the argument, I'll show why some previous claims that emotions could be helpful towards a solution rely on a problematic analysis of what the frame problem is. Ultimately, the conclusion is that no context-dependent feature can play a non-trivial role in solutions to the frame problem, and that is the case of emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of determining whether a source of information is relevant is multidimensional, dynamic, and subjective. This essay puts information science scholarship on relevance, including the process and nature of making relevance judgments, in conversation with models of teaching and learning information literacy. Teaching librarians are encouraged to recognize students' relevance judgments as sites of reflection and instruction. This essay suggests a variety of ways librarians might do this, from re-thinking source evaluation methods to emphasizing the opportunities available at the source selection stage. The process of determining relevance is a practical site of reflective possibility and deserves greater attention in information literacy teaching and learning. Discussing relevance judgments can help students better understand and evaluate sources, reflect on their own and others' perspectives and motivations, and create opportunities to discuss the impact of information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that three dimensions of relevance can be identified for the academic study of religion as it is taught at the university: (1) Foundations; (2) General Education; and (3) Application. The analytical distinction of these dimensions also reveals that they are inextricably linked and co‐dependent. This model may help to sort out the tasks and opportunities of a secular, comparative study of religion in academia and society. Importantly, for each dimension, the comparative method has a crucial role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating the relevance of development policies is a complex task as many different dimensions must be considered. By focusing on one particular, quantifiable aspect of relevance, this study proposes a new method for generating data-driven evidence that can be used both for assessing the relevance of international development policies ex post, and for guiding decisions about future strategic priorities. For this purpose, relevance is defined as the match between (i) the types and scopes of support provided and (ii) the types and scopes of support most needed in a given context, according to measurable indicators (proxies). The latter is operationalized using a multidimensional vulnerability score constructed based on a set of empirical indicators commonly argued to proxy vulnerability to shocks. Comparing the vulnerability score with the sector-specific allocation of support yields two empirical measures of relevance, one at the country level and one at the sector level within each country. The proposed method is then applied to evaluate the relevance of the World Bank Group's early response to Covid-19 across 133 countries. At the same time, many of the modeling insights are more broadly applicable and may also be useful in informing evaluations of development policies beyond the specific application considered here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I discuss the need for African social workers to unite if the decolonisation of the social work profession is to be successful. This unity can come through the creation of a strong regional association of social work, which can then promote research, social work regulation and the creation of national associations of social work across Africa – and these can provide the necessary structures for collective action. Such a move will promote unity of purpose and provide a basis for decolonisation. For as long as we are divided, we will continue to lose relevance and recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how elevating your airport's ability to be relevant for the forecast period and beyond requires more focus than master planning may suggest. The paper stresses the importance of stakeholder identification and communications as a key pathway to relevant innovation, which is desperately needed to ensure support for an industry the world needs. Based on successful and iterative practices used by the leadership team at Pittsburgh International Airport (PIT) over the last nine years, this paper includes practical techniques for creating a more secure future for airports, the aviation industry and any business looking to create impact and ensure future relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce the overall topic of the S.I. Difference-Making and Explanatory Relevance and provide brief summaries of the twelve contributed articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed analysis of joint-contribution of premises and conclusions in classically valid sequents is presented in terms of hypergraphs. In (Saint-Germier, P., Verdée, P., & Villalonga, P. T. (2024). Relevant entailment and logical ground. Philosophical Studies (pp. 1–43). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-024-02101-1), this idea of joint-contribution is introduced and motivated as a method for characterizing four kinds of relevant validity, in the sense of selecting the relevantly valid sequents among the classically valid sequents. The account in (Saint-Germier, P., Verdée, P., & Villalonga, P. T. (2024). Relevant entailment and logical ground. Philosophical Studies (pp. 1–43). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-024-02101-1) is built on a calculus, called GLK a , which proves grounding claims for (enthymematically) valid sequents. In the present paper an adequate representation of GLK a is given in terms of hypergraphs. The hypergraphs are a kind of diagrammatic proofs for Classical Propositional Logic, entirely based on the grounds of premises and conclusions. The hypergraphs and their visualization provide insights into the relations between premises and conclusions and into the way validity is produced by the binding of premises and conclusions via their partial grounds. They visualize the network of elements of the sequent that contribute to its logical validity. Non-contributing (i.e. irrelevant) premises and conclusions are then specified to be those that are disconnected from the network, however one constructs the graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to an intuitive picture of relevant entailment, an entailment is relevant if all the formulas it contains contribute to its validity. In this paper, we provide a ground-theoretic analysis of this notion of contribution, and as a result of relevant entailment. We build a system of bilateral logical grounding within which we can derive classical entailment and analyze the contribution of premises and conclusions, in terms of a certain type of connection between their respective logical grounds. The resulting framework is shown to have a strong unifying and explanatory power by bringing together the notions of grounding and relevance and explaining the commonalities and differences between alternative contribution-based accounts of relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the connective 'because', based on the idea that 'C because A' implies the acceptance/truth of the antecedent A as well as of the consequent C, and additionally that the antecedent makes a difference for the consequent. To capture this idea of difference-making a 'relevantized' version of the Ramsey Test for conditionals is employed that takes the antecedent to be relevant to the consequent in the following sense: a conditional is true/accepted in a state σ just in case (i) the consequent is true/accepted when σ is revised by the antecedent and (ii) the consequent fails to be true/accepted when σ is revised by the antecedent's negation. To extend this to a semantics for 'because', we add that (iii) the antecedent and (iv) the consequent are accepted/true in the state σ . We get metaphysical or doxastic interpretations of these clauses, depending on what we mean by a model and a state. We introduce several semantics known from suppositional conditionals, which we reinterpret for difference-making conditionals and 'because'. We present a minimal logic for 'because' sentences and show how it can be extended in ways that parallel the hierarchy of extensions of the logic of suppositional conditionals. We establish correspondence results between axioms for 'because' and properties of states, and prove that the specified logics are sound with respect to the semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounding necessitarianism (GN) is the view that full grounds necessitate what they ground. Although GN has been rather popular among philosophers, it faces important counterexamples: For instance, A = [Socrates died] fully grounds C = [Xanthippe became a widow]. However, A fails to necessitate C: A could have obtained together with B = [Socrates and Xanthippe were never married], without C obtaining. In many cases, the debate essentially reduces to whether A indeed fully grounds C–as the contingentist claims–or if instead C is fully grounded in A+, namely A plus some supplementary fact S (e.g. [Xanthippe was married to Socrates])–as the necessitarian claims. Both sides typically agree that A+ necessitates C, while A does not; they disagree on whether A or A+ fully grounds C. This paper offers a novel defence of the claim that, in these typical cases, unlike A+, A fails to fully ground C–thereby bringing further support to GN. First and foremost, unlike A+, A fails to fully ground C because it fails to contain just what is relevant to do so, in two distinct senses–explanatory and generative relevance. Second, going for A, rather than A+, as a full ground undermines not just grounding necessitarianism, but modally weaker views which even contingentists may want to preserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accounts of scientific explanation disagree about what's required for a cause, law, or other fact to be a reason why an event occurs. In short, they disagree about the conditions for explanatory relevance. Nonetheless, most accounts presuppose that claims about explanatory relevance play a descriptive role in tracking reality. By rejecting the need for this descriptivist assumption, I develop an expressivist account of explanatory relevance and explanation: to judge that an answer is explanatory is to express an attitude of being for being satisfied by that answer. I show how expressivism vindicates ordinary scientific discourse about explanation, including claims about the objectivity and mind-independence of explanations. By avoiding commitment to ontic relevance relations, I rehabilitate an irrealist conception of explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Targeting is a communication strategy in which a message is designed to address a particular group. It has been postulated that targeting increases message relevance; however, researchers are still explicating relevance and its impact on downline cognitive processes (e.g. message quality, cognitive cost). The current study addresses both gaps by evaluating the impact of targeted materials for White and African American audiences. Design: Adult women (N = 266) aged 18-74 (Mage = 47.12, SD = 1.40) were recruited to participate in a 2 (targeting: multiracial, African American) × 2 (race: White participants, African American participants) × 2 (topic: Hypertension, Environmental Breast Cancer) message experiment. Results: Across both topics, African American participants in the African American condition had reduced cognitive costs, increased message clarity, and increased message relevance. An indirect serial mediation model was supported wherein the relationship between targeting and behavioral intention was mediated by perceived relevance and perceived message quality. Conclusion: Targeting enhances perceived message relevance which, in turn, impacts behavioral intentions via perceived message quality. This model is consistent with the postulates of relevance theory and informs both intervention design and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to negative classroom experiences, lack of resources and access, the fear of the unknown, and at times a disconnect, students are often fearful of literacy learning (reading, writing)--and in some cases outright bored. This piece highlights a variation of Childs' "C.O.U.N.T." acronym, which addresses ways in which teachers can infuse popular culture, technology, and authentic experiences into their traditional writing and literacy curriculums. From creating and cultivating a culture that embraces literacy in various modes, and providing assignments that move beyond traditional assessment, this article will demonstrate the powerful reach that teachers can have by honing in on creative ways to facilitate writing instruction. Going beyond the use of pencil and paper writing and assessment in classrooms, and simple but meaningful and authentic ways to enhance literacy instruction for teachers will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Swiss Political Science Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Swiss Political Science Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)