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1. Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial heterogeneity in mortality during the Black Death pandemic

Author

Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, L., Palli, J., Vignola, C., Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R., Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz, M., Lindbladh, M., López-Sáez, J. A., Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A. M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A. M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M. L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorny, P., Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori, L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., and Masi, A.

Published
2022
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4. Big Data Palaeoecology reveals significant variation in Black Death mortality in Europe [Preprint]

Author

Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, L., Palli, J., Vignola, C., Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R., Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., 1, Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz, M., Lindbladh, M., López-Sáez, J. A., Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A. M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A. M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M. L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorny, P., Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori, L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., Masi, A., Universidad de Cantabria, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Bialystok, Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Universität Leipzig, ArchaeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study [Uppsala], Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA, Department of biology, georgetown University, Washington DC, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, University of Freiburg, Institute of Botany [Innsbruck], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Viscum Pollenanalys & Miljöhistoria, Nässjö, Sweden, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Institute of Geosciences [Potsdam], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Wessex Archaeology [Salisbury], Department of Archaeology and Centre for Past Climate Change, University of Reading, Reading, UK, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Palaeobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland, Laboratory of Palynology and Palaeobotany, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, University of Latvia (LU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Archaeologists, National Historical Museums, Lund, Sweden, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Environmental Archaeology Research Group, Institute of History, CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Department of Geography, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], MSU Faculty of Geography [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratory of Forest Botany-Geobotany, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Cologne, Faculty of Biology [Gdansk, Poland], University of Gdańsk (UG), Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain., Centre for Theoretical Studies, Charles University, Czechia (CTS), Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nature Research Centre, Institute of Geology and Geography, Vilnius, Lithuania, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, USA, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, European Project: 263735,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091209,TEC(2010), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany, Faculty of History and International Relations, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland, Department of Earth Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Leipzig, Germany, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], GFZ-German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Salisbury, UK, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Institute of Archeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republi, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia., Department of Quaternary Research, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeobotany, Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland., Charles University [Prague] (CU), Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, Lund University [Lund], Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia., Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], IFP Energies Nouvelles, Earth Sciences and Environmental Technologies Division, Rueil-Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison, Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., 3 Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland., Institute of History, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (Dafne), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy., Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISEM, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, Museum of Archaeology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Anthropocene Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, CNRS, HNHP UMR 7194, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, France, Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland., Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Centre for Theoretical Study, Charles University and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic., Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pre- and Early History and West Asian Archaeology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia, Institute of Latvian History, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], López Sáez, José Antonio, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
Land-use changes, Ecology, black death pandemic, Humaniora: 000::Arkeologi: 090 [VDP], palaeoecological data, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, paleoecology, palynology, big data, paleoecology, Europe, big data, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, palynology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The authors acknowledge the following funding sources: Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group (A.I., A.M. and C.V.); Estonian Research Council #PRG323, PUT1173 (A.Pos., T.R., N.S. and S.V.); European Research Council #FP7 263735 (A.Bro. and A.Plu.), #MSC 655659 (A.E.); Georgetown Environmental Initiative (T.N.); Latvian Council of Science #LZP-2020/2-0060 (N.S. and N.J.); LLNL-JRNL-820941 (I.T.); NSF award #GSS-1228126 (S.M.); Polish-Swiss Research Programme #013/2010 CLIMPEAT (M.Lam.), #086/2010 CLIMPOL (A.W.); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education #N N306 275635 (M.K.); Polish National Science Centre #2019/03/X/ST10/00849 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/01656 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/03430 (M.So.), #2018/31/B/ST10/02498 (M.So.), #N N304 319636 (A.W.); SCIEX #12.286 (K.Mar.); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness #REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P (J.A.L.S.); Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports #FPU16/00676 (R.L.L.); Swedish Research Council #421-2010-1570 (P.L.), #2018-01272 (F.C.L. and A.S.); Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly (M.B.), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation #RTI2018-101714-B-I00 (F.A.S. and D.A.S.), OP RDE, MEYS project #CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728 (P.P.)., The Black Death (1347–1352 ce) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death’s mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics., Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group, Estonian Research Council PRG323 PUT1173, European Research Council (ERC) European Commission FP7 263735 MSC 655659, Georgetown Environmental Initiative, Latvian Ministry of Education and Science LZP-2020/2-0060 LLNL-JRNL-820941, National Science Foundation (NSF) GSS-1228126, Polish-Swiss Research Programme 013/2010 086/2010, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland N306 275635, Polish National Science Centre 2019/03/X/ST10/00849 2015/17/B/ST10/01656 2015/17/B/ST10/03430 2018/31/B/ST10/02498 N N304 319636, SCIEX 12.286, Spanish Government REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P FPU16/00676, Swedish Research Council, European Commission 421-2010-1570 2018-01272, Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly, Spanish Government RTI2018-101714-B-I00, OP RDE, MEYS project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728

Published
2022

5. Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial heterogeneity in mortality during the Black Death pandemic

Author

Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, Lucrezia, Palli, J., Vignola, Cristiano, Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist , F.C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R, Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz. M., Lindbladh, M., López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A.M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A.M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M.L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorný, Petr, Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori , L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., Masi, A., Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, Lucrezia, Palli, J., Vignola, Cristiano, Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist , F.C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R, Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz. M., Lindbladh, M., López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A.M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A.M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M.L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorný, Petr, Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori , L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., and Masi, A.

Abstract

The Black Death (1347–1352 CE) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death’s mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics.

Published
2022

9. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Biurrun, I., Pielech, R., Dembicz, I., Gillet, F., Kozub, Ł., Marcenò, C., Reitalu, T., Van Meerbeek, K., Guarino, R., Chytrý, M., Pakeman, R.J., Preislerová, Z., Axmanová, I., Burrascano, S., Bartha, S., Boch, S., Bruun, H.H., Conradi, T., De Frenne, P., Essl, F., Filibeck, G., Hájek, M., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kuzemko, A., Molnár, Z., Pärtel, M., Pätsch, R., Prentice, H.C., Roleček, J., Sutcliffe, L.M.E., Terzi, M., Winkler, M., Wu, J., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Afif, E., Akasaka, M., Alatalo, J.M., Aleffi, M., Aleksanyan, A., Ali, A., Apostolova, I., Ashouri, P., Bátori, Z., Baumann, E., Becker, T., Belonovskaya, E., Benito Alonso, J.L., Berastegi, A., Bergamini, A., Bhatta, K.P., Bonini, I., Büchler, M.-O., Budzhak, V., Bueno, Á., Buldrini, F., Campos, J.A., Cancellieri, L., Carboni, M., Ceulemans, T., Chiarucci, A., Chocarro, C., Conti, L., Csergő, A.M., Cykowska-Marzencka, B., Czarniecka-Wiera, M., Czarnocka-Cieciura, M., Czortek, P., Danihelka, J., de Bello, F., Deák, B., Demeter, L., Deng, L., Diekmann, M., Dolezal, J., Dolnik, C., Dřevojan, P., Dupré, C., Ecker, K., Ejtehadi, H., Erschbamer, B., Etayo, J., Etzold, J., Farkas, T., Farzam, M., Fayvush, G., Fernández Calzado, M.R., Finckh, M., Fjellstad, W., Fotiadis, G., García-Magro, D., García-Mijangos, I., Gavilán, R.G., Germany, M., Ghafari, S., Giusso del Galdo, G.P., Grytnes, J.-A., Güler, B., Gutiérrez-Girón, A., Helm, A., Herrera, M., Hüllbusch, E.M., Ingerpuu, N., Jägerbrand, A.K., Jandt, U., Janišová, M., Jeanneret, P., Jeltsch, F., Jensen, K., Jentsch, A., Kącki, Z., Kakinuma, K., Kapfer, J., Kargar, M., Kelemen, A., Kiehl, K., Kirschner, P., Koyama, A., Langer, N., Lazzaro, L., Lepš, J., Li, C.-F., Li, F.Y., Liendo, D., Lindborg, R., Löbel, S., Lomba, A., Lososová, Z., Lustyk, P., Luzuriaga, A.L., Ma, W., Maccherini, S., Magnes, M., Malicki, M., Manthey, M., Mardari, C., May, F., Mayrhofer, H., Meier, E.S., Memariani, F., Merunková, K., Michelsen, O., Molero Mesa, J., Moradi, H., Moysiyenko, I., Mugnai, M., Naqinezhad, A., Natcheva, R., Ninot, J.M., Nobis, M., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onipchenko, V., Palpurina, S., Pauli, H., Pedashenko, H., Pedersen, C., Peet, R.K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, J., Pipenbaher, N., Pirini, C., Pladevall-Izard, E., Plesková, Z., Potenza, G., Rahmanian, S., Rodríguez-Rojo, M.P., Ronkin, V., Rosati, L., Ruprecht, E., Rusina, S., Sabovljević, M., Sanaei, A., Sánchez, A.M., Santi, F., Savchenko, G., Sebastià, M.T., Shyriaieva, D., Silva, V., Škornik, S., Šmerdová, E., Sonkoly, J., Sperandii, M.G., Staniaszek-Kik, M., Stevens, C., Stifter, S., Suchrow, S., Swacha, G., Świerszcz, S., Talebi, A., Teleki, B., Tichý, L., Tölgyesi, C., Torca, M., Török, P., Tsarevskaya, N., Tsiripidis, I., Turisová, I., Ushimaru, A., Valkó, O., Van Mechelen, C., Vanneste, T., Vasheniak, I., Vassilev, K., Viciani, D., Villar, L., Virtanen, R., Vitasović-Kosić, I., Vojtkó, A., Vynokurov, D., Waldén, E., Wang, Y., Weiser, F., Wen, L., Wesche, K., White, H., Widmer, S., Wolfrum, S., Wróbel, A., Yuan, Z., Zelený, D., Zhao, L., Dengler, J., Biurrun, I., Pielech, R., Dembicz, I., Gillet, F., Kozub, Ł., Marcenò, C., Reitalu, T., Van Meerbeek, K., Guarino, R., Chytrý, M., Pakeman, R.J., Preislerová, Z., Axmanová, I., Burrascano, S., Bartha, S., Boch, S., Bruun, H.H., Conradi, T., De Frenne, P., Essl, F., Filibeck, G., Hájek, M., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kuzemko, A., Molnár, Z., Pärtel, M., Pätsch, R., Prentice, H.C., Roleček, J., Sutcliffe, L.M.E., Terzi, M., Winkler, M., Wu, J., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Afif, E., Akasaka, M., Alatalo, J.M., Aleffi, M., Aleksanyan, A., Ali, A., Apostolova, I., Ashouri, P., Bátori, Z., Baumann, E., Becker, T., Belonovskaya, E., Benito Alonso, J.L., Berastegi, A., Bergamini, A., Bhatta, K.P., Bonini, I., Büchler, M.-O., Budzhak, V., Bueno, Á., Buldrini, F., Campos, J.A., Cancellieri, L., Carboni, M., Ceulemans, T., Chiarucci, A., Chocarro, C., Conti, L., Csergő, A.M., Cykowska-Marzencka, B., Czarniecka-Wiera, M., Czarnocka-Cieciura, M., Czortek, P., Danihelka, J., de Bello, F., Deák, B., Demeter, L., Deng, L., Diekmann, M., Dolezal, J., Dolnik, C., Dřevojan, P., Dupré, C., Ecker, K., Ejtehadi, H., Erschbamer, B., Etayo, J., Etzold, J., Farkas, T., Farzam, M., Fayvush, G., Fernández Calzado, M.R., Finckh, M., Fjellstad, W., Fotiadis, G., García-Magro, D., García-Mijangos, I., Gavilán, R.G., Germany, M., Ghafari, S., Giusso del Galdo, G.P., Grytnes, J.-A., Güler, B., Gutiérrez-Girón, A., Helm, A., Herrera, M., Hüllbusch, E.M., Ingerpuu, N., Jägerbrand, A.K., Jandt, U., Janišová, M., Jeanneret, P., Jeltsch, F., Jensen, K., Jentsch, A., Kącki, Z., Kakinuma, K., Kapfer, J., Kargar, M., Kelemen, A., Kiehl, K., Kirschner, P., Koyama, A., Langer, N., Lazzaro, L., Lepš, J., Li, C.-F., Li, F.Y., Liendo, D., Lindborg, R., Löbel, S., Lomba, A., Lososová, Z., Lustyk, P., Luzuriaga, A.L., Ma, W., Maccherini, S., Magnes, M., Malicki, M., Manthey, M., Mardari, C., May, F., Mayrhofer, H., Meier, E.S., Memariani, F., Merunková, K., Michelsen, O., Molero Mesa, J., Moradi, H., Moysiyenko, I., Mugnai, M., Naqinezhad, A., Natcheva, R., Ninot, J.M., Nobis, M., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onipchenko, V., Palpurina, S., Pauli, H., Pedashenko, H., Pedersen, C., Peet, R.K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, J., Pipenbaher, N., Pirini, C., Pladevall-Izard, E., Plesková, Z., Potenza, G., Rahmanian, S., Rodríguez-Rojo, M.P., Ronkin, V., Rosati, L., Ruprecht, E., Rusina, S., Sabovljević, M., Sanaei, A., Sánchez, A.M., Santi, F., Savchenko, G., Sebastià, M.T., Shyriaieva, D., Silva, V., Škornik, S., Šmerdová, E., Sonkoly, J., Sperandii, M.G., Staniaszek-Kik, M., Stevens, C., Stifter, S., Suchrow, S., Swacha, G., Świerszcz, S., Talebi, A., Teleki, B., Tichý, L., Tölgyesi, C., Torca, M., Török, P., Tsarevskaya, N., Tsiripidis, I., Turisová, I., Ushimaru, A., Valkó, O., Van Mechelen, C., Vanneste, T., Vasheniak, I., Vassilev, K., Viciani, D., Villar, L., Virtanen, R., Vitasović-Kosić, I., Vojtkó, A., Vynokurov, D., Waldén, E., Wang, Y., Weiser, F., Wen, L., Wesche, K., White, H., Widmer, S., Wolfrum, S., Wróbel, A., Yuan, Z., Zelený, D., Zhao, L., and Dengler, J.

Abstract

Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.

Published
2021

10. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Biurrun, I. (Idoia), Pielech, R. (Remigiusz), Dembicz, I. (Iwona), Gillet, F. (Francois), Kozub, L. (Lukasz), Marceno, C. (Corrado), Reitalu, T. (Triin), Van Meerbeek, K. (Koenraad), Guarino, R. (Riccardo), Chytry, M. (Milan), Pakeman, R. J. (Robin J.), Preislerova, Z. (Zdenka), Axmanova, I. (Irena), Burrascano, S. (Sabina), Bartha, S. (Sandor), Boch, S. (Steffen), Bruun, H. H. (Hans Henrik), Conradi, T. (Timo), De Frenne, P. (Pieter), Essl, F. (Franz), Filibeck, G. (Goffredo), Hajek, M. (Michal), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Kuzemko, A. (Anna), Molnar, Z. (Zsolt), Partel, M. (Meelis), Patsch, R. (Ricarda), Prentice, H. C. (Honor C.), Rolecek, J. (Jan), Sutcliffe, L. M. (Laura M. E.), Terzi, M. (Massimo), Winkler, M. (Manuela), Wu, J. (Jianshuang), Acic, S. (Svetlana), Acosta, A. T. (Alicia T. R.), Afif, E. (Elias), Akasaka, M. (Munemitsu), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Aleffi, M. (Michele), Aleksanyan, A. (Alla), Ali, A. (Arshad), Apostolova, I. (Iva), Ashouri, P. (Parvaneh), Batori, Z. (Zoltan), Baumann, E. (Esther), Becker, T. (Thomas), Belonovskaya, E. (Elena), Benito Alonso, J. L. (Jose Luis), Berastegi, A. (Asun), Bergamini, A. (Ariel), Bhatta, K. P. (Kuber Prasad), Bonini, I. (Ilaria), Buchler, M.-O. (Marc-Olivier), Budzhak, V. (Vasyl), Bueno, A. (Alvaro), Buldrini, F. (Fabrizio), Campos, J. A. (Juan Antonio), Cancellieri, L. (Laura), Carboni, M. (Marta), Ceulemans, T. (Tobias), Chiarucci, A. (Alessandro), Chocarro, C. (Cristina), Conti, L. (Luisa), Csergo, A. M. (Anna Maria), Cykowska-Marzencka, B. (Beata), Czarniecka-Wiera, M. (Marta), Czarnocka-Cieciura, M. (Marta), Czortek, P. (Patryk), Danihelka, J. (Jiri), Bello, F. (Francesco), Deak, B. (Balazs), Demeter, L. (Laszlo), Deng, L. (Lei), Diekmann, M. (Martin), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dolnik, C. (Christian), Drevojan, P. (Pavel), Dupre, C. (Cecilia), Ecker, K. (Klaus), Ejtehadi, H. (Hamid), Erschbamer, B. (Brigitta), Etayo, J. (Javier), Etzold, J. (Jonathan), Farkas, T. (Tunde), Farzam, M. (Mohammad), Fayvush, G. (George), Fernandez Calzado, M. R. (Maria Rosa), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Fjellstad, W. (Wendy), Fotiadis, G. (Georgios), Garcia-Magro, D. (Daniel), Garcia-Mijangos, I. (Itziar), Gavilan, R. G. (Rosario G.), Germany, M. (Markus), Ghafari, S. (Sahar), del Galdo, G. P. (Gian Pietro Giusso), Grytnes, J.-A. (John-Arvid), Guler, B. (Behlul), Gutierrez-Giron, A. (Alba), Helm, A. (Aveliina), Herrera, M. (Mercedes), Hullbusch, E. M. (Elisabeth M.), Ingerpuu, N. (Nele), Jaegerbrand, A. K. (Annika K.), Jandt, U. (Ute), Janisova, M. (Monika), Jeanneret, P. (Philippe), Jeltsch, F. (Florian), Jensen, K. (Kai), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Kacki, Z. (Zygmunt), Kakinuma, K. (Kaoru), Kapfer, J. (Jutta), Kargar, M. (Mansoureh), Kelemen, A. (Andras), Kiehl, K. (Kathrin), Kirschner, P. (Philipp), Koyama, A. (Asuka), Langer, N. (Nancy), Lazzaro, L. (Lorenzo), Leps, J. (Jan), Li, C.-F. (Ching-Feng), Li, F. Y. (Frank Yonghong), Liendo, D. (Diego), Lindborg, R. (Regina), Loebel, S. (Swantje), Lomba, A. (Angela), Lososova, Z. (Zdenka), Lustyk, P. (Pavel), Luzuriaga, A. L. (Arantzazu L.), Ma, W. (Wenhong), Maccherini, S. (Simona), Magnes, M. (Martin), Malicki, M. (Marek), Manthey, M. (Michael), Mardari, C. (Constantin), May, F. (Felix), Mayrhofer, H. (Helmut), Meier, E. S. (Eliane Seraina), Memariani, F. (Farshid), Merunkova, K. (Kristina), Michelsen, O. (Ottar), Molero Mesa, J. (Joaquin), Moradi, H. (Halime), Moysiyenko, I. (Ivan), Mugnai, M. (Michele), Naqinezhad, A. (Alireza), Natcheva, R. (Rayna), Ninot, J. M. (Josep M.), Nobis, M. (Marcin), Noroozi, J. (Jalil), Nowak, A. (Arkadiusz), Onipchenko, V. (Vladimir), Palpurina, S. (Salza), Pauli, H. (Harald), Pedashenko, H. (Hristo), Pedersen, C. (Christian), Peet, R. K. (Robert K.), Perez-Haase, A. (Aaron), Peters, J. (Jan), Pipenbaher, N. (Natasa), Pirini, C. (Chrisoula), Pladevall-Izard, E. (Eulalia), Pleskova, Z. (Zuzana), Potenza, G. (Giovanna), Rahmanian, S. (Soroor), Rodriguez-Rojo, M. P. (Maria Pilar), Ronkin, V. (Vladimir), Rosati, L. (Leonardo), Ruprecht, E. (Eszter), Rusina, S. (Solvita), Sabovljevic, M. (Marko), Sanaei, A. (Anvar), Sanchez, A. M. (Ana M.), Santi, F. (Francesco), Savchenko, G. (Galina), Teresa Sebastia, M. (Maria), Shyriaieva, D. (Dariia), Silva, V. (Vasco), Skornik, S. (Sonja), Smerdova, E. (Eva), Sonkoly, J. (Judit), Sperandii, M. G. (Marta Gaia), Staniaszek-Kik, M. (Monika), Stevens, C. (Carly), Stifter, S. (Simon), Suchrow, S. (Sigrid), Swacha, G. (Grzegorz), Swierszcz, S. (Sebastian), Talebi, A. (Amir), Teleki, B. (Balazs), Tichy, L. (Lubomir), Tolgyesi, C. (Csaba), Torca, M. (Marta), Torok, P. (Peter), Tsarevskaya, N. (Nadezda), Tsiripidis, I. (Ioannis), Turisova, I. (Ingrid), Ushimaru, A. (Atushi), Valko, O. (Orsolya), Van Mechelen, C. (Carmen), Vanneste, T. (Thomas), Vasheniak, I. (Iuliia), Vassilev, K. (Kiril), Viciani, D. (Daniele), Villar, L. (Luis), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Vitasovic-Kosic, I. (Ivana), Vojtko, A. (Andras), Vynokurov, D. (Denys), Walden, E. (Emelie), Wang, Y. (Yun), Weiser, F. (Frank), Wen, L. (Lu), Wesche, K. (Karsten), White, H. (Hannah), Widmer, S. (Stefan), Wolfrum, S. (Sebastian), Wrobel, A. (Anna), Yuan, Z. (Zuoqiang), Zeleny, D. (David), Zhao, L. (Liqing), Dengler, J. (Jurgen), Biurrun, I. (Idoia), Pielech, R. (Remigiusz), Dembicz, I. (Iwona), Gillet, F. (Francois), Kozub, L. (Lukasz), Marceno, C. (Corrado), Reitalu, T. (Triin), Van Meerbeek, K. (Koenraad), Guarino, R. (Riccardo), Chytry, M. (Milan), Pakeman, R. J. (Robin J.), Preislerova, Z. (Zdenka), Axmanova, I. (Irena), Burrascano, S. (Sabina), Bartha, S. (Sandor), Boch, S. (Steffen), Bruun, H. H. (Hans Henrik), Conradi, T. (Timo), De Frenne, P. (Pieter), Essl, F. (Franz), Filibeck, G. (Goffredo), Hajek, M. (Michal), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Kuzemko, A. (Anna), Molnar, Z. (Zsolt), Partel, M. (Meelis), Patsch, R. (Ricarda), Prentice, H. C. (Honor C.), Rolecek, J. (Jan), Sutcliffe, L. M. (Laura M. E.), Terzi, M. (Massimo), Winkler, M. (Manuela), Wu, J. (Jianshuang), Acic, S. (Svetlana), Acosta, A. T. (Alicia T. R.), Afif, E. (Elias), Akasaka, M. (Munemitsu), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Aleffi, M. (Michele), Aleksanyan, A. (Alla), Ali, A. (Arshad), Apostolova, I. (Iva), Ashouri, P. (Parvaneh), Batori, Z. (Zoltan), Baumann, E. (Esther), Becker, T. (Thomas), Belonovskaya, E. (Elena), Benito Alonso, J. L. (Jose Luis), Berastegi, A. (Asun), Bergamini, A. (Ariel), Bhatta, K. P. (Kuber Prasad), Bonini, I. (Ilaria), Buchler, M.-O. (Marc-Olivier), Budzhak, V. (Vasyl), Bueno, A. (Alvaro), Buldrini, F. (Fabrizio), Campos, J. A. (Juan Antonio), Cancellieri, L. (Laura), Carboni, M. (Marta), Ceulemans, T. (Tobias), Chiarucci, A. (Alessandro), Chocarro, C. (Cristina), Conti, L. (Luisa), Csergo, A. M. (Anna Maria), Cykowska-Marzencka, B. (Beata), Czarniecka-Wiera, M. (Marta), Czarnocka-Cieciura, M. (Marta), Czortek, P. (Patryk), Danihelka, J. (Jiri), Bello, F. (Francesco), Deak, B. (Balazs), Demeter, L. (Laszlo), Deng, L. (Lei), Diekmann, M. (Martin), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dolnik, C. (Christian), Drevojan, P. (Pavel), Dupre, C. (Cecilia), Ecker, K. (Klaus), Ejtehadi, H. (Hamid), Erschbamer, B. (Brigitta), Etayo, J. (Javier), Etzold, J. (Jonathan), Farkas, T. (Tunde), Farzam, M. (Mohammad), Fayvush, G. (George), Fernandez Calzado, M. R. (Maria Rosa), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Fjellstad, W. (Wendy), Fotiadis, G. (Georgios), Garcia-Magro, D. (Daniel), Garcia-Mijangos, I. (Itziar), Gavilan, R. G. (Rosario G.), Germany, M. (Markus), Ghafari, S. (Sahar), del Galdo, G. P. (Gian Pietro Giusso), Grytnes, J.-A. (John-Arvid), Guler, B. (Behlul), Gutierrez-Giron, A. (Alba), Helm, A. (Aveliina), Herrera, M. (Mercedes), Hullbusch, E. M. (Elisabeth M.), Ingerpuu, N. (Nele), Jaegerbrand, A. K. (Annika K.), Jandt, U. (Ute), Janisova, M. (Monika), Jeanneret, P. (Philippe), Jeltsch, F. (Florian), Jensen, K. (Kai), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Kacki, Z. (Zygmunt), Kakinuma, K. (Kaoru), Kapfer, J. (Jutta), Kargar, M. (Mansoureh), Kelemen, A. (Andras), Kiehl, K. (Kathrin), Kirschner, P. (Philipp), Koyama, A. (Asuka), Langer, N. (Nancy), Lazzaro, L. (Lorenzo), Leps, J. (Jan), Li, C.-F. (Ching-Feng), Li, F. Y. (Frank Yonghong), Liendo, D. (Diego), Lindborg, R. (Regina), Loebel, S. (Swantje), Lomba, A. (Angela), Lososova, Z. (Zdenka), Lustyk, P. (Pavel), Luzuriaga, A. L. (Arantzazu L.), Ma, W. (Wenhong), Maccherini, S. (Simona), Magnes, M. (Martin), Malicki, M. (Marek), Manthey, M. (Michael), Mardari, C. (Constantin), May, F. (Felix), Mayrhofer, H. (Helmut), Meier, E. S. (Eliane Seraina), Memariani, F. (Farshid), Merunkova, K. (Kristina), Michelsen, O. (Ottar), Molero Mesa, J. (Joaquin), Moradi, H. (Halime), Moysiyenko, I. (Ivan), Mugnai, M. (Michele), Naqinezhad, A. (Alireza), Natcheva, R. (Rayna), Ninot, J. M. (Josep M.), Nobis, M. (Marcin), Noroozi, J. (Jalil), Nowak, A. (Arkadiusz), Onipchenko, V. (Vladimir), Palpurina, S. (Salza), Pauli, H. (Harald), Pedashenko, H. (Hristo), Pedersen, C. (Christian), Peet, R. K. (Robert K.), Perez-Haase, A. (Aaron), Peters, J. (Jan), Pipenbaher, N. (Natasa), Pirini, C. (Chrisoula), Pladevall-Izard, E. (Eulalia), Pleskova, Z. (Zuzana), Potenza, G. (Giovanna), Rahmanian, S. (Soroor), Rodriguez-Rojo, M. P. (Maria Pilar), Ronkin, V. (Vladimir), Rosati, L. (Leonardo), Ruprecht, E. (Eszter), Rusina, S. (Solvita), Sabovljevic, M. (Marko), Sanaei, A. (Anvar), Sanchez, A. M. (Ana M.), Santi, F. (Francesco), Savchenko, G. (Galina), Teresa Sebastia, M. (Maria), Shyriaieva, D. (Dariia), Silva, V. (Vasco), Skornik, S. (Sonja), Smerdova, E. (Eva), Sonkoly, J. (Judit), Sperandii, M. G. (Marta Gaia), Staniaszek-Kik, M. (Monika), Stevens, C. (Carly), Stifter, S. (Simon), Suchrow, S. (Sigrid), Swacha, G. (Grzegorz), Swierszcz, S. (Sebastian), Talebi, A. (Amir), Teleki, B. (Balazs), Tichy, L. (Lubomir), Tolgyesi, C. (Csaba), Torca, M. (Marta), Torok, P. (Peter), Tsarevskaya, N. (Nadezda), Tsiripidis, I. (Ioannis), Turisova, I. (Ingrid), Ushimaru, A. (Atushi), Valko, O. (Orsolya), Van Mechelen, C. (Carmen), Vanneste, T. (Thomas), Vasheniak, I. (Iuliia), Vassilev, K. (Kiril), Viciani, D. (Daniele), Villar, L. (Luis), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Vitasovic-Kosic, I. (Ivana), Vojtko, A. (Andras), Vynokurov, D. (Denys), Walden, E. (Emelie), Wang, Y. (Yun), Weiser, F. (Frank), Wen, L. (Lu), Wesche, K. (Karsten), White, H. (Hannah), Widmer, S. (Stefan), Wolfrum, S. (Sebastian), Wrobel, A. (Anna), Yuan, Z. (Zuoqiang), Zeleny, D. (David), Zhao, L. (Liqing), and Dengler, J. (Jurgen)

Abstract

Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m² and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.

Published
2021

13. The role of climate, forest fires and human population size in Holocene vegetation dynamics in Fennoscandia

Author

Giesecke, T, Kuosmanen, N, Marquer, L, Tallavaara, M, Molinari, C, Zhang, Y, Alenius, T, Edinborough, K, Pesonen, P, Reitalu, T, Renssen, H, Trondman, A-K, Seppa, H, Giesecke, T, Kuosmanen, N, Marquer, L, Tallavaara, M, Molinari, C, Zhang, Y, Alenius, T, Edinborough, K, Pesonen, P, Reitalu, T, Renssen, H, Trondman, A-K, and Seppa, H

Abstract

Questions We investigated the changing role of climate, forest fires and human population size in the broad‐scale compositional changes in Holocene vegetation dynamics before and after the onset of farming in Sweden (at 6,000 cal yr BP) and in Finland (at 4,000 cal yr BP). Location Southern and central Sweden, SW and SE Finland. Methods Holocene regional plant abundances were reconstructed using the REVEALS model on selected fossil pollen records from lakes. The relative importance of climate, fires and human population size on changes in vegetation composition was assessed using variation partitioning. Past climate variable was derived from the LOVECLIM climate model. Fire variable was reconstructed from sedimentary charcoal records. Estimated trend in human population size was based on the temporal distribution of archaeological radiocarbon dates. Results Climate explains the highest proportion of variation in vegetation composition during the whole study period in Sweden (10,000–4,000 cal yr BP) and in Finland (10,000–1,000 cal yr BP), and during the pre‐agricultural period. In general, fires explain a relatively low proportion of variation. Human population size has significant effect on vegetation dynamics after the onset of farming and explains the highest variation in vegetation in S Sweden and SW Finland. Conclusions Mesolithic hunter‐gatherer populations did not significantly affect vegetation composition in Fennoscandia, and climate was the main driver of changes at that time. Agricultural communities, however, had greater effect on vegetation dynamics, and the role of human population size became a more important factor during the late Holocene. Our results demonstrate that climate can be considered the main driver of long‐term vegetation dynamics in Fennoscandia. However, in some regions the influence of human population size on Holocene vegetation changes exceeded that of climate and has a longevity dating to the early Neolithic.

Published
2018

14. Drivers of peat accumulation rate in a raised bog: impact of drainage, climate, and local vegetation composition

Author

Stivrins, N., Ozola, I., Gałka, M., Kuske, E., Alliksaar, T., Andersen, T., Lamentowicz, M., Wulf, S., Reitalu, T., Department of Geosciences and Geography, and 5.2 Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, 5.0 Geoarchives, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

Subjects
CARBON ACCUMULATION, DYNAMICS, SUCCESSION, SPHAGNUM, variation partitioning, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, chronology, water level reconstruction, testate amoebae, AGE, macrofossils, lcsh:QH540-549.5, HISTORY, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, LATE HOLOCENE, lcsh:Ecology, MULTI-PROXY DATA, HIGH-RESOLUTION, 1172 Environmental sciences
Abstract

We used variation partitioning to assess the relative importance of drainage, climate and local vegetation composition for the development of a raised bog. As a case study we selected Teici (Teici) Bog in Latvia (north-east Europe). Explanatory variables together explained 74 % of the variation in peat accumulation and only the residue of 26 % remained unexplained. Our study showed that the local vegetation composition and dominant Sphagnum species significantly influence peat accumulation rates. The results of linear models revealed that, under natural conditions, minor drainage and even strong drainage of the peat is associated with a positive growth balance of the system. However, drainage systems can have a measurable impact on peatland ecosystems situated farther away. Our study demonstrates that the average peat accumulation rate in Teici Bog over the last 150 years was 3.5 mm per year. Although the peat accumulation rate has been affected by drainage over the last half-century, it is still 2.8 mm per year. There was no strong correlation with the historical climate record, suggesting that the bog area has buffered the influence of climate change over the last 150 years.

Published
2017

18. Evidence for scale- and disturbance-dependent trait assembly patterns in dry semi-natural grasslands

Author

de Bello, F., Vandewalle, Marie, Reitalu, T., Lepš, J., Prentice, H.C., Lavorel, S., Sykes, M.T., de Bello, F., Vandewalle, Marie, Reitalu, T., Lepš, J., Prentice, H.C., Lavorel, S., and Sykes, M.T.

Abstract

The mechanisms driving nonrandom assembly patterns in plant communities have long been of interest in ecological research. Competing ecological theories predict that coexisting species may either be more functionally dissimilar than expected by chance (with functional ‘divergence’ mainly reflecting niche differentiation) or be functionally more similar than expected (with functional ‘convergence’ reflecting either the outcome of environmental filtering or weaker-competitor exclusion effects). Assembly patterns are usually assessed at a single scale and disturbance regime, whereas considering different spatial scales and disturbance regimes may clarify the underlying assembly mechanisms. We tested the prediction that convergence and divergence are scale- and disturbance- dependent in grazed and abandoned species-rich dry grasslands within a 22 km2 landscape in south-eastern Sweden. Convergence and divergence were tested for plant species' traits and phylogenetic relationships at three nested spatial scales: within 412 plots (50 × 50 cm, divided into 10 × 10 cm subplots), within 117 grassland patches (from 0.02 to 11.63 ha) and within the whole landscape (across patches). At the finest scale (10 × 10 cm subplots within plots), coexisting species were more different than expected by chance (divergence), both functionally and phylogenetically, suggesting niche differentiation. At the intermediate scale (50 × 50 cm plots within patches), coexisting species showed convergence, suggesting environmental filtering. No significant deviations from random expectations were detected at the broadest scale (patches within the 22 km2 landscape) – suggesting the prevalence of dispersal limitation at this scale. The fact that nonrandom patterns were particularly evident under grazed conditions is consistent with the predict

Published
2013

21. Dry grassland of Europe: Biodiversity, classification, conservation and management - Editorial to the 8th dry grassland special feature

Author

Becker, T., Reitalu, T., Ruprecht, E., and Jürgen Dengler

Subjects
ddc:580
Abstract

Der diesjährige 8. Trockenrasen-Sonderteil von Tuexenia beginnt mit einen Bericht über die aktuellen Aktivitäten der European Dry Grassland Group (EDGG). Zunächst geben wir einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Mitgliederzahl und den aktuellen Vorstand, der im Mai 2013 gewählt wurde. Dann berichten wir vom letzten European Dry Grassland Meeting in Prespa (Griechenland, 2012) und informieren über künftige Tagungen und Forschungsexpeditionen der EDGG. Schließlich war und ist die EDGG sehr aktiv darin, Special Features in internationalen Fachzeitschriften herauszugeben. Im zweiten Teil des Vorwortes geben wir eine Einführung zu den sechs Artikeln des diesjährigen Trockenrasen-Sonderteils: Zwei davon beschäftigen sich Biodiversitätsanalyen von Grasland-Ökotonen in einer Flusslandschaft in Lettland bzw. von brachgefallenen Alvar-Trockenrasen in Estland. Der dritte Artikel behandelt die Ökologie und Vergesellschaftung einer Grassippe (Avenula adsurgens subsp. adsurgens) im brachgefallenen, montanen Grasland der Karpaten (Slowakei). Die letzten drei Artikel schließlich sind der Beschreibung und Syntaxonomie von Trockenrasen gewidmet: Zwei davon bilden den Start einer neuen Serie über die pannonischen Trockenrasen Österreichs (Allgemeine Einführung und Trockenrasen des Wienerwalds), während der letzte die Ergebnisse der dritten EDGG-Forschungsexpedition im Jahr 2011 nach Bulgarien präsentiert. Schließlich geben wir einen Ausblick über künftige Pläne für das Special Feature.

22. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Monika Janišová, Georgios Fotiadis, Honor C. Prentice, Farshid Memariani, Ivan I. Moysiyenko, Pavel Lustyk, Zdenka Preislerová, Hristo Pedashenko, Francesco Santi, Atushi Ushimaru, Steffen Boch, Galina Savchenko, Fabrizio Buldrini, Irena Axmanová, Milan Chytrý, Jiri Dolezal, Denys Vynokurov, Marta Czarniecka-Wiera, Zdeňka Lososová, Robert K. Peet, Simon Stifter, Ricarda Pätsch, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Simona Maccherini, András Kelemen, Thomas Becker, Michal Hájek, Christian Pedersen, Stefan Widmer, Remigiusz Pielech, Vladimir Ronkin, Kai Jensen, Anna Wróbel, Cristina Chocarro, Sebastian Świerszcz, Lei Deng, Arkadiusz Nowak, Luisa Conti, Eulàlia Pladevall-Izard, Swantje Löbel, Jonathan Etzold, Jan Peters, Hans Henrik Bruun, Elisabeth M. Hüllbusch, Anna Kuzemko, Martin Magnes, Rayna Natcheva, Riccardo Guarino, Joaquín Molero Mesa, Vasco Silva, Pavel Dřevojan, Iuliia Vasheniak, Jan Lepš, Péter Török, Timo Conradi, Marcin Nobis, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Yun Wang, María Rosa Fernández Calzado, Ilaria Bonini, Massimo Terzi, Meelis Pärtel, Liqing Zhao, Csaba Tölgyesi, Frank Weiser, Philipp Kirschner, Juan Antonio Campos, Zuzana Plesková, László Demeter, George Fayvush, Asun Berastegi, Behlül Güler, Diego Liendo, Nancy Langer, Manfred Finckh, Martin Diekmann, Florian Jeltsch, Anke Jentsch, Robin J. Pakeman, Tobias Ceulemans, Javier Etayo, Orsolya Valkó, Carly J. Stevens, Kaoru Kakinuma, Michele Aleffi, Jiří Danihelka, Alicia Teresa Rosario Acosta, Balázs Teleki, Laura M. E. Sutcliffe, Solvita Rusina, Rosario G. Gavilán, Pieter De Frenne, Michele Mugnai, Arantzazu L. Luzuriaga, Marc Olivier Büchler, Lubomír Tichý, Soroor Rahmanian, Zsolt Molnár, Itziar García-Mijangos, Jürgen Dengler, Harald Pauli, Asuka Koyama, Anvar Sanaei, Cecilia Dupré, Parvaneh Ashouri, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Ute Jandt, Zoltán Bátori, François Gillet, Alla Aleksanyan, Ariel Bergamini, Corrado Marcenò, Constantin Mardari, Nadezda Tsarevskaya, José Luis Benito Alonso, Łukasz Kozub, Ottar Michelsen, Felix May, Goffredo Filibeck, Jan Roleček, Jalil Noroozi, Karsten Wesche, Eva Šmerdová, Michael Manthey, Triin Reitalu, Ana M. Sánchez, Eszter Ruprecht, Regina Lindborg, Idoia Biurrun, Risto Virtanen, Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo, Helmut Mayrhofer, Annika K. Jägerbrand, Mansoureh Kargar, Chrisoula B. Pirini, Dariia Shyriaieva, Sabina Burrascano, Esther Baumann, Christian Dolnik, Kristina Merunková, Ching-Feng Li, Eliane S. Meier, Kuber Prasad Bhatta, Mercedes Herrera, Klaus Ecker, Mohammad Farzam, Marta Torca, Nele Ingerpuu, Philippe Jeanneret, Francesco de Bello, Alireza Naqinezhad, Tünde Farkas, Elena Belonovskaya, Josep M. Ninot, Elias Afif, Munemitsu Akasaka, Lorenzo Lazzaro, András Vojtkó, Leonardo Rosati, Jianshuang Wu, Arshad Ali, Sándor Bartha, Zuoqiang Yuan, Wenhong Ma, Patryk Czortek, Marta Carboni, Franz Essl, Hannah J. White, Carmen Van Mechelen, Brigitta Erschbamer, Marek Malicki, Vasyl Budzhak, Jutta Kapfer, Manuela Winkler, Angela Lomba, Hamid Ejtehadi, Judit Sonkoly, Ingrid Turisová, Thomas Vanneste, Laura Cancellieri, Sonja Škornik, David Zelený, Zygmunt Kącki, Alessandro Chiarucci, Salza Palpurina, Sigrid Suchrow, Kathrin Kiehl, Amir Talebi, Beata Cykowska-Marzencka, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Nataša Pipenbaher, Frank Yonghong Li, Wendy Fjellstad, Ivana Vitasović-Kosić, Maria Pilar Rodríguez-Rojo, Álvaro Bueno, Daniele Viciani, Juha M. Alatalo, Emelie Waldén, Sahar Ghafari, Grzegorz Swacha, Anna Mária Csergő, Lu Wen, Balázs Deák, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Luis Villar, Maria-Teresa Sebastià, Svetlana Aćić, Halime Moradi, Kiril Vassilev, Daniel García-Magro, Sebastian Wolfrum, Iva Apostolova, Marko Sabovljevic, Giovanna Potenza, Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Iwona Dembicz, Aveliina Helm, Marta Czarnocka-Cieciura, Marta Gaia Sperandii, John-Arvid Grytnes, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Biurrun I., Pielech R., Dembicz I., Gillet F., Kozub L., Marceno C., Reitalu T., Van Meerbeek K., Guarino R., Chytry M., Pakeman R.J., Preislerova Z., Axmanova I., Burrascano S., Bartha S., Boch S., Bruun H.H., Conradi T., De Frenne P., Essl F., Filibeck G., Hajek M., Jimenez-Alfaro B., Kuzemko A., Molnar Z., Partel M., Patsch R., Prentice H.C., Rolecek J., Sutcliffe L.M.E., Terzi M., Winkler M., Wu J., Acic S., Acosta A.T.R., Afif E., Akasaka M., Alatalo J.M., Aleffi M., Aleksanyan A., Ali A., Apostolova I., Ashouri P., Batori Z., Baumann E., Becker T., Belonovskaya E., Benito Alonso J.L., Berastegi A., Bergamini A., Bhatta K.P., Bonini I., Buchler M.-O., Budzhak V., Bueno A., Buldrini F., Campos J.A., Cancellieri L., Carboni M., Ceulemans T., Chiarucci A., Chocarro C., Conti L., Csergo A.M., Cykowska-Marzencka B., Czarniecka-Wiera M., Czarnocka-Cieciura M., Czortek P., Danihelka J., de Bello F., Deak B., Demeter L., Deng L., Diekmann M., Dolezal J., Dolnik C., Drevojan P., Dupre C., Ecker K., Ejtehadi H., Erschbamer B., Etayo J., Etzold J., Farkas T., Farzam M., Fayvush G., Fernandez Calzado M.R., Finckh M., Fjellstad W., Fotiadis G., Garcia-Magro D., Garcia-Mijangos I., Gavilan R.G., Germany M., Ghafari S., Giusso del Galdo G.P., Grytnes J.-A., Guler B., Gutierrez-Giron A., Helm A., Herrera M., Hullbusch E.M., Ingerpuu N., Jagerbrand A.K., Jandt U., Janisova M., Jeanneret P., Jeltsch F., Jensen K., Jentsch A., Kacki Z., Kakinuma K., Kapfer J., Kargar M., Kelemen A., Kiehl K., Kirschner P., Koyama A., Langer N., Lazzaro L., Leps J., Li C.-F., Li F.Y., Liendo D., Lindborg R., Lobel S., Lomba A., Lososova Z., Lustyk P., Luzuriaga A.L., Ma W., Maccherini S., Magnes M., Malicki M., Manthey M., Mardari C., May F., Mayrhofer H., Meier E.S., Memariani F., Merunkova K., Michelsen O., Molero Mesa J., Moradi H., Moysiyenko I., Mugnai M., Naqinezhad A., Natcheva R., Ninot J.M., Nobis M., Noroozi J., Nowak A., Onipchenko V., Palpurina S., Pauli H., Pedashenko H., Pedersen C., Peet R.K., Perez-Haase A., Peters J., Pipenbaher N., Pirini C., Pladevall-Izard E., Pleskova Z., Potenza G., Rahmanian S., Rodriguez-Rojo M.P., Ronkin V., Rosati L., Ruprecht E., Rusina S., Sabovljevic M., Sanaei A., Sanchez A.M., Santi F., Savchenko G., Sebastia M.T., Shyriaieva D., Silva V., Skornik S., Smerdova E., Sonkoly J., Sperandii M.G., Staniaszek-Kik M., Stevens C., Stifter S., Suchrow S., Swacha G., Swierszcz S., Talebi A., Teleki B., Tichy L., Tolgyesi C., Torca M., Torok P., Tsarevskaya N., Tsiripidis I., Turisova I., Ushimaru A., Valko O., Van Mechelen C., Vanneste T., Vasheniak I., Vassilev K., Viciani D., Villar L., Virtanen R., Vitasovic-Kosic I., Vojtko A., Vynokurov D., Walden E., Wang Y., Weiser F., Wen L., Wesche K., White H., Widmer S., Wolfrum S., Wrobel A., Yuan Z., Zeleny D., Zhao L., Dengler J., Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, Françoi, Kozub, Łukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Preislerová, Zdenka, Axmanová, Irena, Burrascano, Sabina, Bartha, Sándor, Boch, Steffen, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Conradi, Timo, De Frenne, Pieter, Essl, Franz, Filibeck, Goffredo, Hájek, Michal, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, Kuzemko, Anna, Molnár, Zsolt, Pärtel, Meeli, Pätsch, Ricarda, Prentice, Honor C., Roleček, Jan, Sutcliffe, Laura M.E., Terzi, Massimo, Winkler, Manuela, Wu, Jianshuang, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Afif, Elia, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thoma, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Lui, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc‐Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ceulemans, Tobia, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Csergő, Anna Mária, Cykowska‐Marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka‐Wiera, Marta, Czarnocka‐Cieciura, Marta, Czortek, Patryk, Danihelka, Jiří, de Bello, Francesco, Deák, Baláz, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Dřevojan, Pavel, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klau, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fotiadis, Georgio, García‐Magro, Daniel, García‐Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Marku, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John‐Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Gutiérrez‐Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercede, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Jandt, Ute, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Kącki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, Andrá, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, Jan, Li, Ching‐Feng, Li, Frank Yonghong, Liendo, Diego, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Meier, Eliane Seraina, Memariani, Farshid, Merunková, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Mugnai, Michele, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Natcheva, Rayna, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Palpurina, Salza, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez‐Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pladevall‐Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodríguez‐Rojo, Maria Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljević, Marko, Sanaei, Anvar, Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Sonkoly, Judit, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek‐Kik, Monika, Stevens, Carly, Stifter, Simon, Suchrow, Sigrid, Swacha, Grzegorz, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Talebi, Amir, Teleki, Baláz, Tichý, Lubomír, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioanni, Turisova, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thoma, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Lui, Virtanen, Risto, Vitasović‐Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, Andrá, Vynokurov, Deny, Waldén, Emelie, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Dengler, Jürgen, Bavarian Research Foundation, International Association for Vegetation Science, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Czech Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Swedish Institute, Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Province, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tyrolean Science Fund, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, National Geographic Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), National Science Centre (Poland), Russian Science Foundation, University of Latvia Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Biurrun, I, Pielech, R, Dembicz, I, Gillet, F, Kozub, L, Marceno, C, Reitalu, T, Van Meerbeek, K, Guarino, R, Chytry, M, Pakeman, RJ, Preislerova, Z, Axmanova, I, Burrascano, S, Bartha, S, Boch, S, Bruun, HH, Conradi, T, De Frenne, P, Essl, F, Filibeck, G, Hajek, M, Jimenez-Alfaro, B, Kuzemko, A, MOLNAR, Zsolt, Partel, M, Patsch, R, Prentice, HC, Rolecek, J, Sutcliffe, LME, Terzi, M, Winkler, M, Wu, JS, Acic, S, Acosta, ATR, Afif, E, Akasaka, M, Alatalo, JM, Aleffi, M, Aleksanyan, A, Ali, A, Apostolova, I, Ashouri, P, Batori, Z, Baumann, E, BECKER, T, Belonovskaya, E, Alonso, JLB, Berastegi, A, Bergamini, A, Bhatta, KP, Bonini, I, Buchler, MO, Budzhak, V, Bueno, A, Buldrini, F, Campos, JA, Cancellieri, L, Carboni, M, Ceulemans, T, Chiarucci, A, Chocarro, C, Conti, L, Csergo, AM, Cykowska-Marzencka, B, Czarniecka-Wiera, M, Czarnocka-Cieciura, M, Czortek, P, Danihelka, J, Bello, F, Deak, B, Demeter, L, Deng, L, Diekmann, M, Dolezal, J, Dolnik, C, Drevojan, P, Dupre, C, Ecker, K, Ejtehadi, H, Erschbamer, B, Etayo, J, Etzold, J, Farkas, T, Farzam, M, Fayvush, G, Calzado, MRF, Finckh, M, Fjellstad, W, Fotiadis, G, Garcia-Magro, D, Garcia-Mijangos, I, Gavilan, RG, Germany, M, Ghafari, S, del Galdo, GPG, Grytnes, JA, Guler, B, Gutierrez-Giron, A, Helm, A, Herrera, M, Hullbusch, EM, Ingerpuu, N, Jagerbrand, AK, Jandt, U, Janisova, M, Jeanneret, P, Jeltsch, F, Jensen, K, Jentsch, A, Kacki, Z, Kakinuma, K, Kapfer, J, Kargar, M, Kelemen, A, Kiehl, K, Kirschner, P, Koyama, A, Langer, N, Lazzaro, L, Leps, J, Li, CF, Li, FY, Liendo, D, Lindborg, R, Lobel, S, Lomba, A, Lososova, Z, Lustyk, P, Luzuriaga, AL, Ma, WH, Maccherini, S, Magnes, M, Malicki, M, Manthey, M, Mardari, C, May, F, Mayrhofer, H, Meier, ES, Memariani, F, Merunkova, K, Michelsen, O, Mesa, JM, Moradi, H, Moysiyenko, I, Mugnai, M, Naqinezhad, A, Natcheva, R, Ninot, JM, Nobis, M, Noroozi, J, Nowak, A, Onipchenko, V, Palpurina, S, Pauli, H, Pedashenko, H, Pedersen, C, Peet, RK, Perez-Haase, A, Peters, J, Pipenbaher, N, Pirini, C, Pladevall-Izard, E, Pleskova, Z, Potenza, G, Rahmanian, S, Rodriguez-Rojo, MP, Ronkin, V, Rosati, L, Ruprecht, E, Rusina, S, Sabovljevic, M, Sanaei, A, Sanchez, AM, Santi, F, Savchenko, G, Sebastia, MT, Shyriaieva, D, Silva, V, Skornik, S, Smerdova, E, Sonkoly, J, Sperandii, MG, Staniaszek-Kik, M, Stevens, C, Stifter, S, Suchrow, S, Swacha, G, Swierszcz, S, Talebi, A, Teleki, B, Tichy, L, Tolgyesi, C, Torca, M, Torok, P, Tsarevskaya, N, Tsiripidis, I, Turisova, I, Ushimaru, A, Valko, O, VAN MECHELEN, Carmen, Vanneste, T, Vasheniak, I, Vassilev, K, Viciani, D, Villar, L, Virtanen, R, Vitasovic-Kosic, I, Vojtko, A, Vynokurov, D, Walden, E, Wang, Y., Weiser, F, Wen, L, Wesche, K, White, H, Widmer, S, Wolfrum, S, Wrobel, A, Yuan, ZQ, Zeleny, D, Zhao, LQ, Dengler, J., Jiménez‐alfaro, Borja, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Acosta, Alicia, Büchler, Marc‐olivier, Cykowska‐marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka‐wiera, Marta, Czarnocka‐cieciura, Marta, Bello, Francesco, García‐magro, Daniel, García‐mijangos, Itziar, Grytnes, John‐arvid, Gutiérrez‐girón, Alba, Li, Ching‐feng, Pérez‐haase, Aaron, Pladevall‐izard, Eulàlia, Rodríguez‐rojo, Maria Pilar, Staniaszek‐kik, Monika, Turisová, Ingrid, and Vitasović‐kosić, Ivana

Subjects
Vascular plant, SURROGATE, 333.7: Landflächen, Naturerholungsgebiete, Biome, Lichen, open habitat, Plant Science, DATABASES, Benchmark, Grassland, Scale dependence, benchmark, RICHNESS HOTSPOTS, Vegetation type, Taxonomic rank, SCALE, Macroecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, bryophyte, GLOBAL PATTERNS, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Open habitat, vascular plant, Forestry, ichen, Vegetation, Vegetation plot, Palaearctic, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Geography, Habitat, scale dependence, fine-grain biodiversity, grassland, GrassPlot Diversity Explorer, lichen, species–area relationship, vegetation plot, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, CONSERVATION, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Fine-grain biodiversity, benchmark, bryophyte, fine-grain biodiversity, grassland, GrassPlot Diversity Explorer, lichen, open habitat, Palaearctic, scale dependence, species–area relationship, vascular plant, vegetation plot, species-area relationship, benchmark, bryophyte, fine-grain biodiversity, grassland, GrassPlot Diversity Explorer, lichen, open habitat, Palaearctic, scale dependence, species-area relationship, vascular plant, vegetation plot, Species–area relationship, Science & Technology, Plant Sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, plant diversity, 13. Climate action, Bryophyte, SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS, VASCULAR PLANTS, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, BRYOPHYTES
Abstract

© 2021 The Authors., Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology., GrassPlot development has been supported by the Bavarian Research Alliance (BayIntAn_UBT_2017_58), the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and the International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS); IB, CorM, JAC, IGM, DGM, MHe, DL and MTo were supported by the Basque Government (IT936‐16); CorM, IAx, MCh, JDa, PD, MHá, ZL, ZPr, EŠ and LT were supported by the Czech Science Foundation (19‐28491X); TR was supported by the Estonian Research Council (PUT1173); RJP was funded by the Strategic Research Programme of the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services Division”; SBa was supported by the GINOP‐2.3.2‐15‐2016‐00019 project; GFi was partially supported by the MIUR initiative “Department of excellence” (Law 232/2016)"; BJA was funded by the Spanish Research Agency (grant AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033); AK, VB, IM, DS, IV and DV were supported by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (2020.01/0140); MP and AH were supported by the Estonian Research Council (PRG874, PRG609), and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange); Data collection of HCP was funded by FORMAS (Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Science and Spatial Planning) and The Swedish Institute; JR was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (grant No. 20‐09895S) and the long‐term developmental project of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985939); ATRA was funded by the Grant of Excellence Departments, MIUR‐Italy (ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314 – 337 LEGGE 232/2016); JMA was supported by Carl Tryggers stiftelse för vetenskaplig forskning and Qatar Petroleum; AAli was supported by the Jiangsu Science and Technology Special Project (Grant No. BX2019084), and Metasequoia Faculty Research Startup Funding at Nanjing Forestry University (Grant No. 163010230), and he is currently supported by Hebei University through Faculty Research Startup Funding Program; ZB was supported by the NKFI K 124796 grant; The GLORIA‐ Aragón project of JLBA was funded by the Dirección General de Cambio Climático del Gobierno de Aragón (Spain); MCs and LDem were supported by DG Environment through the European Forum on Nature Conservation and Pastoralism and Barbara Knowles Fund, in collaboration with Pogány‐havas Association, Romania; JDa was partially supported by long‐term research development project no. RVO 67985939 of the Czech Academy of Sciences; BD and OV were supported by the NKFI KH 126476, NKFI KH 130338, NKFI FK 124404 and NKFI FK 135329 grants; BD, OV and AKe were supported by the Bolyai János Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; BE was funded by the Environmental Department of the Tyrolean Federal State Government, the MAB Programme of the Austrian Academy of Science, the Mountain Agriculture Research Unit and the Alpine Research Centre Obergurgl of Innsbruck University. The GLORIA projects of BE were funded by the EU project no. EVK2‐CT‐2000‐00056, the Earth System Sciences Program of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (project MEDIALPS), the Amt für Naturparke, Autonome Provinz Bozen‐Südtirol, the Südtiroler Wissenschaftsfonds and the Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds; RGG was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Research to sample GLORIA sites in central Spain (CGL 2008‐00901/BOS) and present works by the Autonomous Region of Madrid (REMEDINAL TE‐CM, S2018/EMT‐4338); MJ was supporteLatviaed by Latvia Grant No. 194051; NP and SŠ were partly supported by the Slovenian Research Agency, core fundings P1‐0403 and J7‐1822.

Published
2021

23. Latitudinal gradients in the phylogenetic assembly of angiosperms in Asia during the Holocene.

Author

Bhatta KP, Mottl O, Felde VA, Grytnes JA, Reitalu T, Birks HH, Birks HJB, and Vetaas OR

Subjects
Asia, Climate, Pollen genetics, Biodiversity, Phylogeny, Magnoliopsida genetics, Magnoliopsida classification, Fossils
Abstract

Spatio-temporal assessment of phylogenetic diversity gradients during the Holocene (past 12,000 years) provides an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the dynamics of species co-occurrence patterns under environmental fluctuations. Using two robust metrics of phylogenetic dispersion (PD) and 99 fossil pollen sequences containing 6557 samples/assemblages, we analyse spatio-temporal variation in PD of angiosperms and its relationship with Holocene climate in central Asia. Overall, PD throughout the Holocene decreases linearly with increasing latitude, except for a rise in mean nearest taxon distance from ca. 25 to 35° N. This indicates that phylogenetically divergent taxa decrease progressively with increasing latitude, leaving more phylogenetically closely related taxa in the assemblages, thereby increasing phylogenetic relatedness among the co-occurring taxa. The latitudinal gradient of PD has not been consistent during the Holocene, and this temporal variation is concordant with the Holocene climate dynamics. In general, profound temporal changes in the latitudinal PD toward higher latitudes implies that the major environmental changes during the Holocene have driven considerable spatio-temporal changes in the phylogenetic assembly of high-latitude angiosperm assemblages. Our results suggest that environmental filtering and the tendency of taxa and lineages to retain ancestral ecological features and geographic distributions (phylogenetic niche conservatism) are the main mechanisms underlying the phylogenetic assembly of angiosperms along the climate-latitudinal gradient. Ongoing environmental changes may pose future profound phylogenetic changes in high-latitude plant assemblages, which are adapted to harsh environmental conditions, and therefore are phylogenetically less dispersed (more conservative or clustered)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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24. Soil community composition in dynamic stages of semi-natural calcareous grassland.

Author

Wipulasena AYAP, Davison J, Helm A, Kasari L, Moora M, Prangel E, Reitalu T, Vahter T, Vasar M, and Zobel M

Subjects
Soil chemistry, Grassland, Forests, Plants, Ecosystem, Mycorrhizae
Abstract

European dry thin-soil calcareous grasslands (alvars) are species-rich semi-natural habitats. Cessation of traditional management, such as mowing and grazing, leads to shrub and tree encroachment and the local extinction of characteristic alvar species. While soil microbes are known to play a critical role in driving vegetation and ecosystem dynamics, more information is needed about their composition and function in grasslands of different dynamic stages. Here we assess the composition of soil fungal, prokaryotic, and plant communities using soil environmental DNA from restored alvar grasslands in Estonia. The study areas included grasslands that had experienced different degrees of woody encroachment prior to restoration (woody plant removal and grazing), as well as unmanaged open grasslands. We found that, in general, different taxonomic groups exhibited correlated patterns of between-community variation. Previous forest sites, which had prior to restoration experienced a high degree of woody encroachment by ectomycorrhizal Scots pine, were compositionally most distinct from managed open grasslands, which had little woody vegetation even prior to restoration. The functional structure of plant and fungal communities varied in ways that were consistent with the representation of mycorrhizal types in the ecosystems prior to restoration. Compositional differences between managed and unmanaged open grasslands reflecting the implementation of grazing without further management interventions were clearer among fungal, and to an extent prokaryotic, communities than among plant communities. While previous studies have shown that during woody encroachment of alvar grassland, plant communities change first and fungal communities follow, our DNA-based results suggest that microbial communities reacted faster than plant communities during the restoration of grazing management in alvar grassland. We conclude that while the plant community responds faster to cessation of management, the fungal community responds faster to restoration of management. This may indicate hysteresis, where the eventual pathway back to the original state (grazed ecosystem) differs from the pathway taken towards the alternative state (abandoned semi-natural grassland ecosystem)., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Wipulasena et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2023
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26. Observed and dark diversity dynamics over millennial time scales: fast life-history traits linked to expansion lags of plants in northern Europe.

Author

Trindade DPF, Carmona CP, Reitalu T, and Pärtel M

Subjects
Biodiversity, Pollen, Europe, Ecosystem, Plants, Life History Traits
Abstract

Global change drivers (e.g. climate and land use) affect the species and functional traits observed in a local site but also its dark diversity-the set of species and traits locally suitable but absent. Dark diversity links regional and local scales and, over time, reveals taxa under expansion lags by depicting the potential biodiversity that remains suitable but is absent locally. Since global change effects on biodiversity are both spatially and temporally scale dependent, examining long-term temporal dynamics in observed and dark diversity would be relevant to assessing and foreseeing biodiversity change. Here, we used sedimentary pollen data to examine how both taxonomic and functional observed and dark diversity changed over the past 14 500 years in northern Europe. We found that taxonomic and functional observed and dark diversity increased over time, especially after the Late Glacial and during the Late Holocene. However, dark diversity dynamics revealed expansion lags related to species' functional characteristics (dispersal limitation and stress intolerance) and an extensive functional redundancy when compared to taxa in observed diversity. We highlight that assessing observed and dark diversity dynamics is a promising tool to examine biodiversity change across spatial scales, its possible causes, and functional consequences.

Published
2023
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27. Author Correction: A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space.

Author

Jeliazkov A, Mijatovic D, Chantepie S, Andrew N, Arlettaz R, Barbaro L, Barsoum N, Bartonova A, Belskaya E, Bonada N, Brind'Amour A, Carvalho R, Castro H, Chmura D, Choler P, Chong-Seng K, Cleary D, Cormont A, Cornwell W, de Campos R, de Voogd N, Doledec S, Drew J, Dziock F, Eallonardo A, Edgar MJ, Farneda F, Hernandez DF, Frenette-Dussault C, Fried G, Gallardo B, Gibb H, Gonçalves-Souza T, Higuti J, Humbert JY, Krasnov BR, Saux EL, Lindo Z, Lopez-Baucells A, Lowe E, Marteinsdottir B, Martens K, Meffert P, Mellado-Díaz A, Menz MHM, Meyer CFJ, Miranda JR, Mouillot D, Ossola A, Pakeman R, Pavoine S, Pekin B, Pino J, Pocheville A, Pomati F, Poschlod P, Prentice HC, Purschke O, Raevel V, Reitalu T, Renema W, Ribera I, Robinson N, Robroek B, Rocha R, Shieh SH, Spake R, Staniaszek-Kik M, Stanko M, Tejerina-Garro FL, Braak CT, Urban MC, Klink RV, Villéger S, Wegman R, Westgate MJ, Wolff J, Żarnowiec J, Zolotarev M, and Chase JM

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020
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28. A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space.

Author

Jeliazkov A, Mijatovic D, Chantepie S, Andrew N, Arlettaz R, Barbaro L, Barsoum N, Bartonova A, Belskaya E, Bonada N, Brind'Amour A, Carvalho R, Castro H, Chmura D, Choler P, Chong-Seng K, Cleary D, Cormont A, Cornwell W, de Campos R, de Voogd N, Doledec S, Drew J, Dziock F, Eallonardo A, Edgar MJ, Farneda F, Hernandez DF, Frenette-Dussault C, Fried G, Gallardo B, Gibb H, Gonçalves-Souza T, Higuti J, Humbert JY, Krasnov BR, Saux EL, Lindo Z, Lopez-Baucells A, Lowe E, Marteinsdottir B, Martens K, Meffert P, Mellado-Díaz A, Menz MHM, Meyer CFJ, Miranda JR, Mouillot D, Ossola A, Pakeman R, Pavoine S, Pekin B, Pino J, Pocheville A, Pomati F, Poschlod P, Prentice HC, Purschke O, Raevel V, Reitalu T, Renema W, Ribera I, Robinson N, Robroek B, Rocha R, Shieh SH, Spake R, Staniaszek-Kik M, Stanko M, Tejerina-Garro FL, Braak CT, Urban MC, Klink RV, Villéger S, Wegman R, Westgate MJ, Wolff J, Żarnowiec J, Zolotarev M, and Chase JM

Subjects
Animals, Biodiversity, Ecology, Plants, Biota
Abstract

The use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database for metaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; "CESTES". Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology.

Published
2020
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29. From microbial eukaryotes to metazoan vertebrates: Wide spectrum paleo-diversity in sedimentary ancient DNA over the last ~14,500 years.

Author

Kisand V, Talas L, Kisand A, Stivrins N, Reitalu T, Alliksaar T, Vassiljev J, Liiv M, Heinsalu A, Seppä H, and Veski S

Subjects
Animals, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S analysis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vertebrates, DNA, Ancient analysis, Geologic Sediments microbiology
Abstract

Most studies that utilize ancient DNA have focused on specific groups of organisms or even single species. Instead, the whole biodiversity of eukaryotes can be described using universal phylogenetic marker genes found within well-preserved sediment cores that cover the post-glacial period. Sedimentary ancient DNA samples from Lake Lielais Svētiņu, eastern Latvia, at a core depth of 1,050 cm in ~150 year intervals were used to determine phylotaxonomy in domain Eukaryota. Phylotaxonomic affiliation of >1,200 eukaryotic phylotypes revealed high richness in all major eukaryotic groups-Alveolata, Stramenopiles, Cercozoa, Chlorophyta, Charophyta, Nucletmycea, and Holozoa. The share of organisms that originate from terrestrial ecosystems was about one third, of which the most abundant molecular operational taxonomic units were Fungi and tracheal/vascular plants, which demonstrates the usefulness of using lake sediments to reconstruct the terrestrial paleoecosystems that surround them. Phylotypes that originate from the lake ecosystem belonged to various planktonic organisms; phyto-, proto,- and macrozooplankton, and vascular aquatic plants. We observed greater richness of several planktonic organisms that can be associated with higher trophic status during the warm climate period between 4,000 and 8,000 years ago and an increase in eukaryotic richness possibly associated with moderate human impact over the last 2,000 years., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2018
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30. Closing the gap between plant ecology and Quaternary palaeoecology.

Author

Reitalu T, Kuneš P, and Giesecke T

Abstract

Ecology and Quaternary palaeoecology have largely developed as parallel disciplines. Although both pursue related questions, information exchange is often hampered by particularities of the palaeoecological data and a communicational gap has been perceived between the disciplines. Based on selected topics and developments mainly in Quaternary palaeoecology, we show that both disciplines have converged somewhat during recent years, while we still see untapped potential for closer interactions. Macroecology is probably the discipline that most easily combines different time-scales and where co-operations between palaeoecologists, geneticists and vegetation modellers have been inspiring. Quantitative vegetation reconstructions provide robust estimates of tree composition and land cover at different spatial scales, suitable for testing hypotheses about long-term vegetation changes or as quantitative background data in studies on contemporary vegetation patterns. Palaeo-data also hold yet unexplored potential to study the drivers of long-term diversity and aspects of functional diversity may facilitate comparisons between continents and over glacial-interglacial cycles.

Published
2014
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31. Linking landscape history and dispersal traits in grassland plant communities.

Author

Purschke O, Sykes MT, Reitalu T, Poschlod P, and Prentice HC

Subjects
Ecosystem, Population Dynamics, Species Specificity, Poaceae physiology, Seed Dispersal
Abstract

Dispersal limitation and long-term persistence are known to delay plant species' responses to habitat fragmentation, but it is still unclear to what extent landscape history may explain the distribution of dispersal traits in present-day plant communities. We used quantitative data on long-distance seed dispersal potential by wind and grazing cattle (epi- and endozoochory), and on persistence (adult plant longevity and seed bank persistence) to quantify the linkages between dispersal and persistence traits in grassland plant communities and current and past landscape configurations. The long-distance dispersal potential of present-day communities was positively associated with the amounts of grassland in the historical (1835, 1938) landscape, and with a long continuity of grazing management-but was not associated with the properties of the current landscape. The study emphasises the role of history as a determinant of the dispersal potential of present-day grassland plant communities. The importance of long-distance dispersal processes has declined in the increasingly fragmented modern landscape, and long-term persistent species are expected to play a more dominant role in grassland communities in the future. However, even within highly fragmented landscapes, long-distance dispersed species may persist locally-delaying the repayment of the extinction debt.

Published
2012
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