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6. Towards a public policy of cities and human settlements in the 21st century

Author

Creutzig, F., Becker, S., Berrill, P., Bongs, C., Bussler, A., Cave, B., M. Constantino, S., Grant, M., Heeren, N., Heinen, E., Hintz, M., Ingen-Housz, T., Johnson, E., Kolleck, N., Liotta, C., Lorek, S., Mattioli, G., Niamir, L., McPhearson, T., Milojevic-Dupont, N., Nachtigall, F., Nagel, K., Närger, H., Pathak, M., Perrin de Brichambaut, P., Reckien, D., Reisch, L., Revi, A., Schuppert, F., Sudmant, A., Wagner, F., Walkenhorst, J., Weber, E., Wilmes, M., Wilson, C., Zekar, A., Creutzig, F., Becker, S., Berrill, P., Bongs, C., Bussler, A., Cave, B., M. Constantino, S., Grant, M., Heeren, N., Heinen, E., Hintz, M., Ingen-Housz, T., Johnson, E., Kolleck, N., Liotta, C., Lorek, S., Mattioli, G., Niamir, L., McPhearson, T., Milojevic-Dupont, N., Nachtigall, F., Nagel, K., Närger, H., Pathak, M., Perrin de Brichambaut, P., Reckien, D., Reisch, L., Revi, A., Schuppert, F., Sudmant, A., Wagner, F., Walkenhorst, J., Weber, E., Wilmes, M., Wilson, C., and Zekar, A.

Abstract

Cities and other human settlements are major contributors to climate change and are highly vulnerable to its impacts. They are also uniquely positioned to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and lead adaptation efforts. These compound challenges and opportunities require a comprehensive perspective on the public policy of human settlements. Drawing on core literature that has driven debate around cities and climate over recent decades, we put forward a set of boundary objects that can be applied to connect the knowledge of epistemic communities and support an integrated urbanism. We then use these boundary objects to develop the Goals-Intervention-Stakeholder-Enablers (GISE) framework for a public policy of human settlements that is both place-specific and provides insights and tools useful for climate action in cities and other human settlements worldwide. Using examples from Berlin, we apply this framework to show that climate mitigation and adaptation, public health, and well-being goals are closely linked and mutually supportive when a comprehensive approach to urban public policy is applied.

Published
2024
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13. Digitalization and Sustainability: A Call for a Digital Green Deal

Author

Santarius, T., primary, Dencik, L., additional, Diez, T., additional, Ferreboeuf, H., additional, Jankowski, P., additional, Hankey, S., additional, Hilbeck, A., additional, Hilty, L.M., additional, Höjer, M., additional, Kleine, D., additional, Lange, S., additional, Pohl, J., additional, Reisch, L., additional, Ryghaug, M., additional, Schwanen, T., additional, and Staab, P., additional

Published
2023
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15. Sustainable nitrogen use in agriculture

Author

Scholten, T., Frede, H.-G., Hülsbergen, K.-J., Kögel-Knabner, I., Liehr, S., Möckel, Stefan, Nacke, E., Navé, E., Reisch, L., Weisser, W., Zaehle, S., Scholten, T., Frede, H.-G., Hülsbergen, K.-J., Kögel-Knabner, I., Liehr, S., Möckel, Stefan, Nacke, E., Navé, E., Reisch, L., Weisser, W., and Zaehle, S.

Abstract

What form should agriculture in Germany take in the future? Scientists, policymakers and the general public are currently discussing this question intensively. Sustainable nitrogen use is an important part of this discussion, though it has received little public attention so far. Agriculture adds approximately 1.5 million metric tonnes of reactive nitrogen to the environment in Germany every year. Nitrogen in the form of various compounds is a significant contributor to climate change, biodiversity loss and soil, air and water pollution. As a result, nitrogen inputs from agriculture into the environment are estimated to incur societal costs between €30 billion and €70 billion a year. These problems have been known for decades, and extensive research has been performed in this area. However, measures implemented to date have not been effective, as indicated by the slow decline of nitrogen inputs from agriculture. This acatech POSTION PAPER considers the entire value chain, from agricultural production right up to the end consumer. This provides the basis for a series of recommendations geared towards more efficient and sustainable resource utilisation and a reduction of nitrogen inputs into the environment.

Published
2023

16. Digitalization and Sustainability : A Call for a Digital Green Deal

Author

Santarius, T., Dencik, L., Diez, T., Ferreboeuf, H., Jankowski, P., Hankey, S., Hilbeck, A., Hilty, L. M., Höjer, Mattias, Kleine, D., Lange, S., Pohl, J., Reisch, L., Ryghaug, M., Schwanen, T., Staab, P., Santarius, T., Dencik, L., Diez, T., Ferreboeuf, H., Jankowski, P., Hankey, S., Hilbeck, A., Hilty, L. M., Höjer, Mattias, Kleine, D., Lange, S., Pohl, J., Reisch, L., Ryghaug, M., Schwanen, T., and Staab, P.

Abstract

The relation between digitalization and environmental sustainability is ambiguous. There is potential of various digital technologies to slow down the transgression of planetary boundaries. Yet resource and energy demand for digital hardware production and use of data-intensive applications is of substantial size. The world over, there is no comprehensive regulation that addresses opportunities and risks of digital technology for sustainability. In this perspective article, we call for a Digital Green Deal that includes strong, cross-sectoral green digitalization policies on all levels of governance. We argue that a Digital Green Deal should first and foremost aim at greater policy coherence: Current digital policy initiatives should include measures that service environmental goals, and environmental policies must address risks and advance opportunities of digital technologies to spur sustainability transformations., QC 20230707

Published
2023
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21. Clustering of lifestyle behaviours and relation to body composition in European children. The IDEFICS study

Author

Santaliestra-Pasias, A.M., Mouratidou, T., Reisch, L., Pigeot, I., Ahrens, W., Marild, S., Molnar, D., Siani, A., Sieri, S., Tornatiris, M., Veidebaum, T., Verbestel, V., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., and Moreno, L.A.

Subjects
Body composition -- Social aspects -- Health aspects, Life style -- Health aspects, Children -- Behavior, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dietary patterns, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours are some of the main behavioural determinants of obesity; their combined influence in children has been addressed in a limited number of studies. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children (16 228) aged 2-9 years old from eight European countries participated in the baseline survey of the IDEFICS study. A subsample of 11 674 children (50.8% males) were included in the present study. Children's food and beverage consumption (fruit and vegetables (F&V) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)), PA and sedentary behaviours were assessed via parental questionnaires. Sex-specific cluster analysis was applied to identify behavioural clusters. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression were applied to examine the association between behavioural clusters and body composition indicators (BCIs). RESULTS: Six behavioural clusters were identified (C1-C6) both in boys and girls. In both sexes, clusters characterised by high level of PA (C1 and C3) included a large proportion of older children, whereas clusters characterised by low SSB consumption (C5 and C6) included a large proportion of younger children. Significant associations between derived clusters and BCI were observed only in boys; those boys in the cluster with the highest time spent in sedentary activities and low PA had increased odds of having a body mass index z-score (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33;95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.01, 1.74)) and a waist circumference z- score (OR = 1.41; 95%CI = (1.06, 1.86)) greater than one. CONCLUSION: Clusters characterised by high sedentary behaviour, low F&V and SSB consumption and low PA turned out to be the most obesogenic factors in this sample of European children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2015) 69, 811-816; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.76; published online 3 June 2015, INTRODUCTION Changes in multiple lifestyle behaviours contributing to energy imbalance are required in successful multi-factorial approaches of obesity prevention. (1) Dietary patterns, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours are some [...]

Published
2015
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23. Country-specific dietary patterns and associations with socioeconomic status in European children: the IDEFICS study

Author

Fernandez-Alvira, J.M., Bammann, K., Pala, V., Krogh, V., Barba, G., Eiben, G., Hebestreit, A., Veidebaum, T., Reisch, L., Tornaritis, M., Kovacs, E., Huybrechts, I., and Moreno, L.A.

Subjects
Social economics -- Research, Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Sociological research, Children -- Health aspects, Diet -- Health aspects -- Demographic aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) may be at higher risk of unhealthy eating. We described country-specific dietary patterns among children aged 2-9 years from eight European countries participating in the IDEFICS study and assessed the association of dietary patterns with an additive SES indicator. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children aged 2-9 years from eight European countries were recruited in 2007-2008. Principal component analysis was applied to identify dietary country-specific patterns. Linear regression analyses were applied to assess their association with SES. RESULTS: Two to four dietary patterns were identified in the participating regions. The existence of a 'processed' pattern was found in the eight regions. Also, a 'healthy' pattern was identified in seven of the eight regions. In addition, region-specific patterns were identified, reflecting the existing gastronomic and cultural differences in Europe. The 'processed' pattern was significantly inversely associated with the SES additive indicator in all countries except Sweden, whereas the 'healthy' pattern was positively associated with SES in the Belgian, Estonian, German and Hungarian regions, but was not significant in the Italian, Spanish and Swedish regions. CONCLUSIONS: A 'processed' pattern and a 'healthy' pattern were found in most of the participating countries in the IDEFICS study, with comparable food item profiles. The results showed a strong inverse association of SES with the 'processed' pattern, suggesting that children of parents with lower SES may be at higher risk of unhealthy eating. Therefore, special focus should be given to parents and their children from lower SES levels when developing healthy eating promotion strategies. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2014) 68, 811-821;doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.78; published online 14 May 2014, INTRODUCTION Social inequalities in health are present from childhood until adult life; socioeconomic status (SES) differences in the risk of morbidity and mortality have been well documented. (1) The burden [...]

Published
2014
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24. Young children's screen activities, sweet drink consumption and anthropometry: results from a prospective European study

Author

Olafsdottir, S., Berg, C., Eiben, G., Lanfer, A., Reisch, L., Ahrens, W., Kourides, Y., Molnar, D., Moreno, L.A., Siani, A., Veidebaum, T., and Lissner, L.

Subjects
Obesity in children -- Research -- Risk factors, Television and children -- Research -- Health aspects, Carbonated beverages -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This longitudinal study describes the relationship between young children's screen time, dietary habits and anthropometric measures. The hypothesis was that television viewing and other screen activities at baseline result in increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and increased BMI, BMI z-score and waist to height ratio (WHtR) two years later. A second hypothesis was that SSB consumption mediates the association between the screen activities and changes in the anthropometric measures. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study is a part of the prospective cohort study IDEFICS ('Identification and prevention of dietary and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants'), investigating diet, lifestyle and social determinants of obesity in 2 to 9-year-olds in eight European countries (baseline n = 16 225, two-year follow- up; n = 11 038). Anthropometry was objectively measured, and behaviours were parent-reported. RESULTS: The main hypothesis was supported, but the second hypothesis was not confirmed. The odds ratio of being in the highest quintile of % change in WHtR was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.17-1.36) and in BMI 1.22 (95% CI: 1.13-1.31), for each hour per day watching television. The odds ratio of having increased SSB consumption was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.09-1.29) for each hour per day watching TV. The associations for total screen time were slightly weaker. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate substantial effects of TV viewing and other screen activities for young children, both on their consumption of sugary drinks and on an increase in BMI and central obesity. Our findings suggest that television viewing seems to have a stronger effect on food habits and anthropometry than other screen activities in this age group. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2014) 68, 223-228; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.234; published online 20 November 2013 Keywords: Children; screen time; television; soft drinks; overweight, INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity has a complex etiology and, according to a recent review, has long-term effects into adulthood, including premature mortality and morbidity. (1) Systematic reviews (2,3) and pooled analysis [...]

Published
2014
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26. Clustering of multiple lifestyle behaviours and its association to cardiovascular risk factors in children: the IDEFICS study

Author

Bel-Serrat, S., Mouratidou, T., Santaliestra-Pasias, A.M., Iacoviell, L., Kourides, Y.A., Marild, S., Molnar, D., Reisch, L., Siani, A., Stomfai, S., Vanaelst, B., Veidebaum, T., Pigeot, I., Ahrens, W., Krogh, V., and Moreno, L.A.

Subjects
Life style -- Research, Children -- Health aspects, Cardiovascular diseases -- Physiological aspects -- Risk factors, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Individual lifestyle behaviours have independently been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors in children. This study aimed to identify clustered lifestyle behaviours (dietary, physical activity (PA) and sedentary indicators) and to examine their association with CVD risk factors in children aged 2-9 years. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants included 4619 children (51.6% boys) from eight European countries participating in the IDEFICS cross-sectional baseline survey (2007-2008). Insulin resistance, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, sum of two skinfolds and systolic blood pressure (SBP) z-scores were summed to compute a CVD risk score. Cluster analyses stratified by sex and age groups (2 to < 6 years; 6-9 years) were performed using parental-reported data on fruit, vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption, PA performance and television video/DVD viewing. RESULTS: Five clusters were identified. Associations between CVD risk factors and score, and clusters were obtained by multiple linear regression using cluster 5 ('low beverages consumption and low sedentary') as the reference cluster. SBP was positively associated with clusters 1 ('physically active'; β = 1.34;95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02, 2.67), 2 ('sedentary'; β = 1.84; 95% CI: 0.57, 3.11), 3 ('physically active and sedentary'; β = 1.45;95% CI: 0.15, 2.75) and 4 ('healthy diet'; β = 1.83;95% CI: 0.50, 3.17) in older boys. A positive association was observed between CVD risk score and clusters 2 (b = 0.60;95% CI: 0.20, 1.01), 3 (b = 0.55;95% CI: 0.14, 0.97) and 4 (β = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.02) in older boys. CONCLUSIONS: Low television/video/DVD viewing levels and low SSB consumption may result in a healthier CVD profile rather than having a diet rich in fruits and vegetables or being physically active in (pre-)school children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, 848-854; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.84; published online 1 May 2013 Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; lifestyle; diet; exercise; sedentary lifestyle; child, INTRODUCTION Increased risk of CVD is characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, such as abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. (1) CVD remains the leading [...]

Published
2013
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27. An Evaluation of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Perceived Social Distancing Policies in Relation to Planning, Selecting, and Preparing Healthy Meals

Author

Backer, C.D., Teunissen, L., Cuykx, I., Decorte, P., Pabian, S., Gerritsen, S., Matthys, C., Sabbah, H.A., Royen, K.V., Bergheim, I., Staltner, R., Devine, A., Sambell, R., Wallace, R., Allehdan, S.S., Alalwan, T.A., Al-Mannai, M.A., Ismail, L.C., Ouvrein, G., Poels, K., Vandebosch, H., Maldoy, K., Smits, T., Vrinten, J., Desmet, A., Teughels, N., Geuens, M., Vermeir, I., Proesmans, V., Hudders, L., De Barcellos, M.D., Ostermann, C., Brock, A.L., Favieiro, C., Trizotto, R., Stangherlin, I., Mafra, A.L., Varella, M.A.C., Valentova, J.V., Fisher, M.L., Maceacheron, M., White, K., Habib, R., Dobson, D.S., Schnettler, B., Orellana, L., Miranda-Zapata, E., Chang, A.W.-Y., Jiao, W., Tingchi, M., Liu, Grunert, K.G., Christensen, R.N., Reisch, L., Janssen, M., Abril-Ulloa, V., Encalada, L., Kamel, I., Vainio, A., Niva, M., Salmivaara, L., Makela, J., Torkkeli, K., Mai, R., Kerschke-Risch, P., Altsitsiadis, E., Stamos, A., Antronikidis, A., Tsafarakis, S., Delias, P., Rasekhi, H., Vafa, M.R., Majid, K., Eftekhari, H., Henchion, M., McCarthy, S., McCarthy, M., Micalizzi, A., Schulz, P.J., Farinosi, M., Komatsu, H., Tanaka, N., Kubota, H., Tayyem, R., Al-Awwad, N.J., Al-Bayyari, N., Ibrahim, M.O., Hammouh, F., Dashti, S., Dashti, B., Alkharaif, D., Alshatti, A., Mazedi, M.A., Hoteit, M., Mansour, R., Naim, E., Mortada, H., Gomez, Y.Y.G., Geyskens, K., Goukens, C., Roy, R., Egli, V., Morenga, L.T., Waly, M., Qasrawi, R., Hamdan, M., Sier, R.A., Al Halawa, D.A., Al Sabbah, H., Agha, H., Liria-Dominguez, M.R., Palomares, L., Sowicz, G.W., Bawadi, H., Othman, M., Pakari, J., Farha, A.A., Abu-El-ruz, R., Petrescu, D.C., Petrescu-Mag, R.M., Arion, F., Vesa, S.C., Alkhalaf, M.M., Bookari, K., Arrish, J., Rahim, Z., Kheng, R., Ngqangashe, Y., McHiza, Z.J.-R., Gonzalez-Gross, M., Pantoja-Arevalo, L., Gesteiro, E., Rios, Y., Yiga, P., Ogwok, P., Ocen, D., Bamuwamye, M., Taha, Z., Aldhaheri, A., Pineda, E., Miraldo, M., Holford, D.L., Van den Bulck, H., Language, Communication and Cognition, Corona Cooking Survey Study Group, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Department of Forest Sciences, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), Department of Economics and Management, Teacher Education, Department of Education, Maker@STEAM, Forest Economics, Business and Society, Consumer Studies Research Group, Marketing & Supply Chain Management, RS: GSBE Theme Human Decisions and Policy Design, and RS: GSBE Theme Data-Driven Decision-Making

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, STRESS, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Social Sciences, B400, COOKING, food selection, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, psychological distress, Pandemic, 030212 general & internal medicine, media_common, Nutrition and Dietetics, food preparation, Social distance, Multilevel model, Brief Research Report, Health equity, Diabetes and Metabolism, nutrition, Feeling, OBESITY, Food selection, 3143 Nutrition, Psychology, TEMPO, time availability, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, 1001 Agricultural Biotechnology, Food preparation, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:TX341-641, D600, 03 medical and health sciences, Sciences sociales, TIME PRESSURE, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Science & Technology, Nutrition & Dietetics, COVID-19, food literacy, Sciences humaines, Enabling, Corona Cooking Survey Study Group, Observational study, 1111 Nutrition and Dietetics, Human medicine, food planning, Food Science
Abstract

ObjectivesTo examine changes in planning, selecting, and preparing healthy foods in relation to personal factors (time, money, stress) and social distancing policies during the COVID-19 crisis.MethodsUsing cross-sectional online surveys collected in 38 countries worldwide in April-June 2020 (N = 37,207, Mage 36.7 SD 14.43, 73.6% women), we compared changes in food literacy behaviors to changes in personal factors and social distancing policies, using hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables.ResultsIncreases in planning (4.7 SD 1.2, 4.9 SD 1.3), selecting (3.8 SD 1.7, 3.8 SD 1.7), and preparing (4.6 SD 1.3, 4.7 SD 1.3) healthy foods were found for women and men, and positively related to perceived time availability among women and stay-at-home policies for planning and preparing in women. Psychological distress was a barrier for women, and an enabler for men. COVID-19 induced financial stress was a barrier depending on various sociodemographic variables (all p < 0.01).ConclusionStay-at-home policies and feelings of having more time during COVID-19 seem to have improved food literacy among women. Stress and other social distancing policies relate to food literacy in more complex ways, highlighting the necessity of a health equity lens.

Published
2021
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39. Prospective associations between socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and metabolic syndrome risk in European children. Results from the IDEFICS study

Author

Iguacel I, Michels N, Ahrens W, Bammann K, Eiben G, Fernandez-Alvira JM, Marild S, Molnar D, Reisch L, Russo P, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Wolters M, Moreno LA, Bornhorst C, and consortium Bornhorst IDEFICS

Subjects
SOCIOECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED, business.industry, Environmental health, Medicine, Metabolic syndrome, business, medicine.disease
Published
2019
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40. Improving Climate Change Mitigation Analysis : A Framework for Examining Feasibility

Author

Nielsen, K. S., Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Gilligan, J. M., van Vuuren, D. P., Figueroa, M. J., Folke, Carl, Gwozdz, W., Ivanova, D., Reisch, L. A., Vandenbergh, M. P., Wolske, K. S., Wood, R., Nielsen, K. S., Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Gilligan, J. M., van Vuuren, D. P., Figueroa, M. J., Folke, Carl, Gwozdz, W., Ivanova, D., Reisch, L. A., Vandenbergh, M. P., Wolske, K. S., and Wood, R.

Abstract

Limiting global warming to 2°C or less compared with pre-industrial temperatures will require unprecedented rates of decarbonization globally. The scale and scope of transformational change required across sectors and actors in society raises critical questions of feasibility. Much of the literature on mitigation pathways addresses technological and economic aspects of feasibility, but overlooks the behavioral, cultural, and social factors that affect theoretical and practical mitigation pathways. We present a tripartite framework that “unpacks” the concept of mitigation pathways by distinguishing three factors that together determine actual mitigation: technical potential, initiative feasibility, and behavioral plasticity. The framework aims to integrate and streamline heterogeneous disciplinary research traditions toward a more comprehensive and transparent approach that will facilitate learning across disciplines and enable mitigation pathways to more fully reflect available knowledge. We offer three suggestions for integrating the tripartite framework into current research on climate change mitigation.

Published
2020
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42. Neue Funde

Author

Keller, E., Reisch, L., Kind, J., Günther, K., Reim, H., Rieder, K. H., and Heiligmann, J.

Published
1986

43. Policy for sustainable entrepreneurship: a crowdsourced framework

Author

Watson, Rosina, Nielsen, K. R., Mera, Christine elena, Wilson, Hugh, Macdonald, Emma K., Reisch, L., and Hemel, Stefan

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION
Abstract

Sustainable entrepreneurship—entrepreneurship with social and ecological gains as well as economic ones—has the potential to play a significant role in addressing societal and environmental challenges. However, sustainability and entrepreneurship have hitherto been addressed through separate policy regimes, and it is not clear how policymakers can encourage sustainable entrepreneurship specifically. The authors develop a policy framework for sustainable entrepreneurship, using an open innovation approach with policymakers, business executives, academics, entrepreneurs and other relevant actors, including an online crowdsourcing event with 150 participants. The framework incorporates five policy domains: creating awareness and skills; building networks; funding and investing; measuring impact and performance; and innovating government. The article proposes a modified version of the multi-level perspective (MLP) on how socio-technical transitions occur, since the findings suggest that policy can catalyze the facilitation and aggregation of innovations coming from the niche level, thereby evolving the socio-technical regime, in addition to the role of policy described in earlier work in stabilizing the socio-technical regime. Contributions to entrepreneurship policy literature include the policy domain of measuring impact and performance, as appropriate success measures are non-trivial in a triple bottom line environment, and the potential for open policy innovation in entrepreneurship policy. Contributions to sustainability policy literature include the requirements for support mechanisms and capacity building to empower individuals to contribute as innovators and entrepreneurs and not just consumers. The sustainable entrepreneurship framework can be applied by policymakers to develop context-specific policies: this is illustrated with a worked example of EU policy recommendations. The paper also outlines a method for crowdsourcing policy innovations.

Published
2016

44. Cohort Profile : The transition from childhood to adolescence in European children-how I.Family extends the IDEFICS cohort

Author

Ahrens, W., Siani, A., Adan, R., De Henauw, S., Eiben, Gabriele, Gwozdz, W., Hebestreit, A., Hunsberger, M., Kaprio, J., Krogh, V., Lissner, L., Molnár, D., Moreno, L. A., Page, A., Picó, C., Reisch, L., Smith, R. M., Tornaritis, M., Veidebaum, T., Williams, G., Pohlabeln, H., Pigeot, I., Ahrens, W., Siani, A., Adan, R., De Henauw, S., Eiben, Gabriele, Gwozdz, W., Hebestreit, A., Hunsberger, M., Kaprio, J., Krogh, V., Lissner, L., Molnár, D., Moreno, L. A., Page, A., Picó, C., Reisch, L., Smith, R. M., Tornaritis, M., Veidebaum, T., Williams, G., Pohlabeln, H., and Pigeot, I.

Abstract

on behalf of the I.Family consortiumCC BY-NC 4.0

Published
2017
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45. Cohort Profile:The transition from childhood to adolescence in European children-how I.Family extends the IDEFICS cohort

Author

Ahrens, Wolfgang, Siani, Alfonso, Adan, R., De Henauw, Stefaan, Eiben, Gabriele, Gwozdz, W., Hebestreit, A., Hunsberger, M., Kaprio, J., Krogh, V., Lissner, L., Molnár, D., Moreno, L. A., Page, A., Picó, C., Reisch, L., Smith, R. M., Tornaritis, M., Veidebaum, T., Williams, G., Pohlabeln, H., Pigeot, Iris, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Siani, Alfonso, Adan, R., De Henauw, Stefaan, Eiben, Gabriele, Gwozdz, W., Hebestreit, A., Hunsberger, M., Kaprio, J., Krogh, V., Lissner, L., Molnár, D., Moreno, L. A., Page, A., Picó, C., Reisch, L., Smith, R. M., Tornaritis, M., Veidebaum, T., Williams, G., Pohlabeln, H., and Pigeot, Iris

Published
2017

46. The impact of familial, behavioural and psychosocial factors on the SES gradient for childhood overweight in Europe. A longitudinal study

Author

Bammann, K., Gwozdz, W., Pischke, C., Eiben, Gabriele, Fernandez-Alvira, J. M., De Henauw, S., Lissner, L., Moreno, L. A., Pitsiladis, Y., Reisch, L., Veidebaum, T., Pigeot, I., Bammann, K., Gwozdz, W., Pischke, C., Eiben, Gabriele, Fernandez-Alvira, J. M., De Henauw, S., Lissner, L., Moreno, L. A., Pitsiladis, Y., Reisch, L., Veidebaum, T., and Pigeot, I.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In highly developed countries, childhood overweight and many overweight-related risk factors are negatively associated with socioeconomic status (SES). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the longitudinal association between parental SES and childhood overweight, and to clarify whether familial, psychosocial or behavioural factors can explain any SES gradient. METHODS: The baseline and follow-up surveys of the identification and prevention of dietary and lifestyle induced health effects in children and infants (IDEFICS) study are used to investigate the longitudinal association between SES, familial, psychosocial and behavioural factors, and the prevalence of childhood overweight. A total of 5819 children (50.5% boys and 49.5% girls) were included. RESULTS: The risk for being overweight after 2 years at follow-up in children who were non-overweight at baseline increases with a lower SES. For children who were initially overweight, a lower parental SES carries a lower probability for a non-overweight weight status at follow-up. The effect of parental SES is only moderately attenuated by single familial, psychosocial or behavioural factors; however, it can be fully explained by their combined effect. Most influential of the investigated risk factors were feeding/eating practices, parental body mass index, physical activity behaviour and proportion of sedentary activity. CONCLUSION: Prevention strategies for childhood overweight should focus on actual behaviours, whereas acknowledging that these behaviours are more prevalent in lower SES families., Group Author(s): IDEFICS Consortium

Published
2017
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47. Adherence to combined lifestyle factors and their contribution to obesity in the IDEFICS study

Author

Kovacs, E, Hunsberger, M, Reisch, L, Gwozdz, W, Eiben, G, De Bourdeaudhuij, I, Russo, P, Veidebaum, T, Hadjigeorgiou, C, Sieri, S, Moreno, L A, Pigeot, I, Ahrens, W, Pohlabeln, H, and Molnar, D

Subjects
overweight, physical activity, diet, Children
Abstract

Background: The Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS (IDEFICS) study investigated the aetiology of childhood obesity and developed a primary prevention programme. Methods: Pre-intervention adherence to key behaviours related to childhood obesity, namely water/sweetened drink, fruit/vegetable consumption, daily TV time, physical activity, family time and adequate sleep duration, was measured at baseline. Adherence to international recommendations was converted into a composite score ranging from 0 (none) to 6 (adhering to all). Data on adherence were available for 7,444 to 15,084 children aged 2-9.9 years, depending on the behaviour. By means of multi-level logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex and country, we calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the relationship between adherence to these recommendations and the risk of being overweight/obese. Results: Adherence ranged from 15.0% (physical activity) to 51.9% (TV time). As adherence increased, a lower chance of being overweight/obese was observed; adhering to only one key behaviour (score = 1) meant an OR= 0.81 (CI: 0.65-1.01) compared with non-adherence (score = 0), while adhering to more than half of the key behaviours (score >= 4) halved the chance for overweight/obesity (OR = 0.54, CI: 0.37-0.80). Adherence to physical activity, TV and sleep recommendations was the main driver reducing the chance of being overweight. Overweight/obese children were more likely not to adhere to at least one of the recommended behaviours (19.8%) than normal-weight/thin children (12.9%) Conclusion: The selected key behaviours do not contribute equally to a reduced chance of being overweight. Future interventions may benefit most from moving more, reducing TV time and getting adequate sleep.

Published
2015
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48. Environmental psychology and sustainable consumption

Author

Steg, Linda, Reisch, L., Thogersen, J., and Social Psychology

Subjects
Ecological economics, Natural resource economics, Sustainability, Environmental sociology, Economics, Sustainable consumption, Environmental psychology, Environmental economics
Published
2014

49. Parental perceptions of and concerns about child's body weight in eight European countries - the IDEFICS study

Author

Regber S, Novak M, Eiben G, Bammann K, De Henauw S, Fernández-Alvira JM, Gwozdz W, Kourides Y, Moreno LA, Molnár D, Pigeot I, Reisch L, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Borup I, and Mårild S.

Subjects
obesity, parent, weight perception, Cohort of European children, weight concern
Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate parental perceptions of and concern about child's body weight and general health in children in a European cohort. Design: Cross-sectional multi-centre study in eight European countries. Participants: 16 220 children, ages 2-9 years. Methods: Parents completed a questionnaire regarding children's health and weight and concern about overweight and underweight. Objective children's weight categories from the International Obesity Task Force were used. Logistic regression models were utilized to identify predictors of accurate weight perception. Results: Parental weight perception corresponded overall to children's mean body mass index (BMI) z-scores, with important exceptions. About one-third of the total indicated concern about underweight, paradoxically most often parents of children in the overweight or obesity categories. In 63%, parents of children in the overweight category marked 'proper weight'. The strongest predictor for accurate parental weight perception for children with overweight and obesity was BMI z-score (odds ratio [OR] = 7.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1-8.7). Compared to Southern Europe, ORs for accurate parental weight perception were 4.4 (95% CI 3.3-6.0) in Northern Europe and 3.4 (95% CI 2.7-4.2) in Central Europe. Conclusion: Parents of children categorized as being overweight or obese systematically underestimated weight. Parents differed regionally regarding accurate weight perception and concern about overweight and underweight.

Published
2013
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50. Parental perceptions of and concerns about child'sbody weight in eight European countries - the IDEFICS study

Author

Regber S, Novak M, Eiben G, Bammann K, De Henauw S, Fernández-Alvira JM, Gwozdz W, Kourides Y, Moreno LA, Molnár D, Pigeot I, Reisch L, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Borup I, and Mårild S.

Abstract

What is already known about this subject Parents of children with overweight and obesity tend to underestimate their children's weight. Most studies show no association between parental education level and accurate parental perception of a child's weight category. Studies show no consistent relationship between parental weight perception and the child's gender. What this study adds Parental underestimation of children's weight category for children in the overweight and obesity categories was found across eight European countries. Regional differences indicated a more accurate parental weight perception in Northern and Central Europe. A high proportion of parents in Southern Europe were concerned about future underweight or overweight in their children. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate parental perceptions of and concern about child's body weight and general health in children in a European cohort. DESIGN: Cross-sectional multi-centre study in eight European countries. PARTICIPANTS: 16 220 children, ages 2-9 years. METHODS: Parents completed a questionnaire regarding children's health and weight and concern about overweight and underweight. Objective children's weight categories from the International Obesity Task Force were used. Logistic regression models were utilized to identify predictors of accurate weight perception. RESULTS: Parental weight perception corresponded overall to children's mean body mass index (BMI) z-scores, with important exceptions. About one-third of the total indicated concern about underweight, paradoxically most often parents of children in the overweight or obesity categories. In 63%, parents of children in the overweight category marked 'proper weight'. The strongest predictor for accurate parental weight perception for children with overweight and obesity was BMI z-score (odds ratio [OR] = 7.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1-8.7). Compared to Southern Europe, ORs for accurate parental weight perception were 4.4 (95% CI 3.3-6.0) in Northern Europe and 3.4 (95% CI 2.7-4.2) in Central Europe. CONCLUSION: Parents of children categorized as being overweight or obese systematically underestimated weight. Parents differed regionally regarding accurate weight perception and concern about overweight and underweight.

Published
2012
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