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Professionals in sectors such as urban planning, energy transition, health, need knowledge about climate change for e.g. designing tunnels, urban planning, risk assessments related to climate change, giving policy advice about adaptation measures. The required climate data and information is often not easy to find, needs to be processed, or there is so much climate data available that it is difficult to determine what should be used in a specific situation. In addition, these professionals often have contact with administrators and citizens who ask them questions about climate change, why certain adaptation measures are taken, etc. However, there are a lot of misunderstandings about climate and climate change and there is a lot of polarization.Both the Dutch Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (HvA) have a lot of contact with professionals working on climate adaptation and mitigation and they both recognize that professionals need more tailoring of climate data and, at the same time, they need help with the communication about climate change. Based on the experiences of the HvA and KNMI in recent years, they decided in the autumn of 2021 to combine their complementary expertises into a lectorate “Climate literacy” to develop new knowledge for professionals: about climate data and climate change for more effective use in design, risk assessment, policy advice and to be able to make well-informed decisions. This concerns technical knowledge about access to climate data, good use of climate data and climate scenarios, dealing with uncertainties, better linking of climate data and information to the purpose of the sector (i.e. based on knowledge of the technical systems) and decision support. to effectively increase the “climate literacy” of citizens and administrators (tools, interventions, design methods, communication strategies, policy-making), so they can act well informed in situations related to climate change. For professional users, reliable and easy to understand climate information is also necessary to create support among stakeholders and the general public. For this, it is necessary to connect with how people experience the environment and to relate causes, consequences and action perspectives to themselves. During the presentation we will elaborate on why it is important to have a combined focus on the tailoring of climate data and communication for professionals, our experiences in the Netherlands and the ideas for research within this lectorate.

Human behaviour change is necessary to meet targets set by the Paris Agreement to mitigate climate change. Restrictions and regulations put in place globally to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 during 2020 have had a substantial impact on everyday life, including many carbon-intensive behaviours such as transportation. Changes to transportation behaviour may reduce carbon emissions. Behaviour change theory can offer perspective on the drivers and influences of behaviour and shape recommendations for how policy-makers can capitalise on any observed behaviour changes that may mitigate climate change. For this commentary, we aimed to describe changes in data relating to transportation behavioursrelating to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic across the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. We display these identified changes in a concept map, suggesting links between the changes in behaviour and levels of carbon emissions. We consider these changes in relation to a comprehensive and easy to understand model of behaviour, the COM-B, to understand the capabilities, opportunities and behaviours related to the observed behaviour changes and potential policy to mitigate climate change. There is now an opportunity for policy-makers to increase the likelihood of maintaining pro-environmental behaviour changes by providing opportunities, improving capabilities and maintaining motivation for these behaviours.

Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems use tethered flying devices to harvest higher-altitude winds to produce electricity. For a successful deployment of these systems, it is crucial to understand how the public perceives them. If public concerns about the technology are not taken seriously, implementation could be delayed or, in some cases, prevented, resulting in increased costs for project developers and a lower contribution of the sector to renewable energy targets. This literature review assessed the current state of knowledge on public responses to AWE. An exhaustive literature search led to the identification of 40 relevant publications that were reviewed. The literature assumed that the safety, visibility, acoustic emissions, ecological impacts, and the siting of AWE systems shape public responses to the technology. The reviewed literature views people’s responses to AWE very optimistically but lacks scientific evidence to back up its claims. It seems to overlook that the influence of AWE’s characteristics (e.g., visibility) on public responses will also depend on a range of situational and psychological factors (e.g., people’s general attitude towards AWE, the public’s trust in project developers). Therefore, empirical social scientific research is needed to increase the field’s understanding of public responses to AWE and thereby facilitate deployment.

This workshop provides participants with the opportunity to familiarise themselves with the Behavioural Lenses Toolkit. This toolkit supports designers in using theory from the behavioural sciences to inform their work. The workshop consists of an introduction to the toolkit and a couple of hands-on exercises in which we will demonstrate and try out the toolkit in establishing use (r) contexts in behavioural design projects. Furthermore, we will try out a new prototype tool that supports making an evidence-based transition from user insights to behavioural change strategies.

Background Many intervention development projects fail to bridge the gap from basic research to clinical practice. Instead of theory-based approaches to intervention development, co-design prioritizes the end users’ perspective as well as continuous collaboration between stakeholders, designers, and researchers throughout the project. This alternative approach to the development of interventions is expected to promote the adaptation to existing treatment activities and to be responsive to the requirements of end users. Objective The first objective was to provide an overview of all activities that were employed during the course of a research project to develop a relapse prevention intervention for interdisciplinary pain treatment programs. The second objective was to examine how co-design may contribute to stakeholder involvement, generation of relevant insights and ideas, and incorporation of stakeholder input into the intervention design. Methods We performed an embedded single case study and used the double diamond model to describe the process of intervention development. Using all available data sources, we also performed deductive content analysis to reflect on this process. Results By critically reviewing the value and function of a co-design project with respect to idea generation, stakeholder involvement, and incorporation of stakeholder input into the intervention design, we demonstrated how co-design shaped the transition from ideas, via concepts, to a prototype for a relapse prevention intervention. Conclusions Structural use of co-design throughout the project resulted in many different participating stakeholders and stimulating design activities. As a consequence, the majority of the components of the final prototype can be traced back to the information that stakeholders provided during the project. Although this illustrates how co-design facilitates the integration of contextual information into the intervention design, further experimental testing is required to evaluate to what extent this approach ultimately leads to improved usability as well as patient outcomes in the context of clinical practice.

BACKGROUND Many intervention development projects fail to bridge the gap from basic research to clinical practice. Instead of theory-based approaches to intervention development, co-design prioritizes the end users’ perspective as well as continuous collaboration between stakeholders, designers, and researchers throughout the project. This alternative approach to the development of interventions is expected to promote the adaptation to existing treatment activities and to be responsive to the requirements of end users. OBJECTIVE The first objective was to provide an overview of all activities that were employed during the course of a research project to develop a relapse prevention intervention for interdisciplinary pain treatment programs. The second objective was to examine how co-design may contribute to stakeholder involvement, generation of relevant insights and ideas, and incorporation of stakeholder input into the intervention design. METHODS We performed an embedded single case study and used the double diamond model to describe the process of intervention development. Using all available data sources, we also performed deductive content analysis to reflect on this process. RESULTS By critically reviewing the value and function of a co-design project with respect to idea generation, stakeholder involvement, and incorporation of stakeholder input into the intervention design, we demonstrated how co-design shaped the transition from ideas, via concepts, to a prototype for a relapse prevention intervention. CONCLUSIONS Structural use of co-design throughout the project resulted in many different participating stakeholders and stimulating design activities. As a consequence, the majority of the components of the final prototype can be traced back to the information that stakeholders provided during the project. Although this illustrates how co-design facilitates the integration of contextual information into the intervention design, further experimental testing is required to evaluate to what extent this approach ultimately leads to improved usability as well as patient outcomes in the context of clinical practice.

Vaker sporten. Minder alcohol drinken. Stoppen met roken. Nu echt op tijd naar bed. Dat leefstijlverandering lastig kan zijn, weten we allemaal. Maar voor sommigen lijkt het welhaast onmogelijk. Leefstijlverandering kost energie en aandacht. Wat als je daar helemaal geen ruimte voor hebt, omdat je wordt afgeleid door belangrijkere zaken, zoals de zorg voor een ziek familielid of doordat je de huur weer niet kunt betalen? Waar moet je het in zo’n situatie vandaan halen om gezonder te gaan leven? Vooral onder mensen met een lage sociaaleconomische status (SES) komt zo’n situatie regelmatig voor. Welke bijdrage zou de eerstelijnsgeneeskunde hieraan kunnen leveren? De oplossing is gecompliceerd en de weg ernaartoe is vaak frustrerend, vooral omdat gezondheidscommunicatie alleen kan werken als het in nevenschikking met andere instrumenten wordt gecombineerd. Het antirookbeleid is een mooi voorbeeld waar veel is bereikt door een combinatie van instrumenten.

Contains fulltext : 221025.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Deelnemen aan het gesprek schept de verwachting serieus genomen te worden. Hoe deelnemers aan stadsbijeenkomsten praten over hun verwachtingen Dit artikel benadert publieke participatie vanuit het perspectief van de burger. We hebben gegevens verzameld door (57) deelnemers aan zeven verschillende stadsbijeenkomsten te interviewen over hun verwachtingen van de bijeenkomst en de followup daarna. Met behulp van een kaderanalyse ontvouwden we verschillende patronen in de manier waarop deelnemers over hun verwachtingen praten. De resultaten bieden nieuwe inzichten in het perspectief van deelnemers op burgerparticipatie. Ten eerste hebben deelnemers gematigde verwachtingen van de stadsbijeenkomsten waar ze naartoe zullen gaan. Ten tweede, de verwachtingen die deelnemers naar voren brengen, gaan vooral over het participatieproces en nauwelijks over de kwestie die op het spel staat. Ten derde hopen de meeste deelnemers dat hun inbreng serieus wordt genomen door de gemeente; de inhoudelijke uitkomsten zijn voor hen minder belangrijk. We vonden geen verschil met betrekking tot de motivatie van burgers om deel te nemen. Verder wordt in sommige stadsvergaderingen een eerlijker verloop van de vergadering en het participatieproces kritischer bekeken dan in andere. Er wordt geconcludeerd dat een eerlijk proces belangrijker lijkt te zijn voor deelnemers wanneer de resultaten directe gevolgen hebben voor hun dagelijks leven.

Past research on designing for behavioural change mostly concerned linear design processes, whereas in practice, Agile design methods are increasingly popular. This paper evaluates the possibilities and limitations of using Agile design methods in theory-driven design for behavioural change. We performed a design case study, consisting of a student design team working on improving waiting experiences at Schiphol Airport security and check-in. Our study showed that Agile design methods are usable when designing for behavioural change. Moreover, the Behavioural Lenses toolkit used in the design process is beneficial in facilitating theory-driven Agile design. The combination of an Agile design process and tools to evidentially inform the design enabled the design team to formulate viable and interesting concepts for improving waiting-line experiences. However, limitations also occurred: a mismatch between the rate at which the Scream method proceeded and the time and momentum needed to conduct in-depth research.

A comparative case study into the meaning of conversations between citizens and government on the course and outcome of local participation processes Although the importance of conversations for citizen participation is widely recognized, there is still little insight into the meaning of conversations for participatory processes. This comparative case study provides insight into the discursive patterns that characterize the conversations between citizens, civil servants and other stakeholders in two participatory processes in different municipalities. Our framing-analysis shows how different discursive patterns develop in interaction and how these patterns effect the course and outcome in both participation processes. The results provide insight in how experiences of previous events influence the discursive patterns that participants construct in interaction. It is concluded that in both cases not the nature of the issue, but the way it was discussed and how participants framed this was crucial for the course and outcome of the participation process.

Om de ambities van burgerparticipatie waar te kunnen maken is diversiteit van de deelnemers een belangrijke voorwaarde. Tegelijkertijd is uitsluiting van groepen burgers, waaronder kritische burgers, onlosmakelijk verbonden met burgerparticipatie. In dit artikel in de serie ‘Lokale democratie doorgelicht’ vragen de auteurs zich af wat de uitsluiting van kritische burgers betekent voor het proces en de uitkomst van burgerparticipatie. Via twee empirische studies bij een ruimtelijke ingreep in verschillende gemeenten hebben ze onderzocht hoe deelnemers aan een participatieproces spreken over kritische burgers en hun manifestaties. De resultaten laten zien dat de manier waarop over kritische burgers wordt gesproken, uitsluiting legitimeert dan wel kritisch ter discussie stelt. Het legitimeren van uitsluiting doet afbreuk aan het draagvlak voor de ruimtelijke ingreep. Het problematiseren van uitsluiting resulteert in een responsieve benadering van kritische burgers, wat zowel het verloop van het proces als het draagvlak voor de ruimtelijke ingreep ten goede komt.

Government behaviour change policies often build on the assumption that citizens make decisions rationally. In practice however many social psychological processes subconsciously influence behaviour. These subconscious influences, which in this study are referred to as ‘intermediary factors’, may mediate the effects of behaviour change policies. A policy and behaviour change framework is introduced, based on which is explored to what extent government behaviour change policies take into account such subconscious influences. Document research and interviews were conducted to identify how policy instruments were used to tackle three specific societal problems (concerning respectively health, mobility and finances), and to gain insight in the way intermediary factors could have affected effectiveness. Two types of such effects were identified: (1) subconscious influences (e.g. social norms) may undermine government practices to change behaviour and (2) government practices to change behaviour themselves may indirectly bring about undesirable subconscious processes (e.g. resistance) that affect behaviour. Diverse maatschappelijke problemen, bijvoorbeeld op het gebied van gezondheid en duurzaamheid, hangen sterk samen met het gedrag van burgers. Op diverse vlakken probeert de overheid dan ook het gedrag van burgers te sturen (Aarts & Van Woerkum, 2008; Siepel, Regtvoort, Morssinkhof & De Ruiter, 2012). Daarvoor maakt ze gebruik van verschillende beleidsinstrumenten, zoals wetgeving, een financieel instrumentarium (subsidies en heffingen), voorzieningen en communicatieve interventies. Veel van het beleid gericht op gedragsverandering gaat uit van ‘rationele burgers’ die hun keuzes weloverwogen maken. Zo is het gebruik van het financiële instrumentarium vaak gestoeld op de aanname dat economische overwegingen bepalend zijn voor de intenties van burgers om gedrag wel of niet uit te voeren, en communicatieve interventies nemen regelmatig als uitgangspunt dat burgers met de juiste informatie kunnen worden overtuigd van wat goed voor hen is.

Background Evaluation of the implementation process of trials is important, because the way a study is implemented modifies its outcomes. Furthermore, lessons learned during implementation can inform other researchers on factors that play a role when implementing interventions described in research. This study evaluates the implementation of the MetSLIM study, targeting individuals with low socioeconomic status of different ethnic origins. The MetSLIM study was set up to evaluate the effectiveness of a lifestyle programme on waist circumference and other cardio-metabolic risk factors. The objective of this evaluation was to identify components that were essential for the implementation of the MetSLIM study and to inform other researchers on methodological aspects when working with inadequately reached populations in health research. Methods In this evaluation study the experiences of health professionals, study assistants, a community worker and regional research coordinators involved in the MetSLIM study were explored using semi-structured interviews. Questionnaires were used to evaluate participants’ satisfaction with the lifestyle intervention. Results Our analyses show that a flexible recruitment protocol eventually leads to recruitment of sufficient participants; that trust in the recruiter is an important factor in the recruitment of individuals with low socioeconomic status of different ethnic origins; and that health professionals will unavoidably shape the form of intervention activities. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that daily practice and research mutually influence each other and that the results of an intervention are a product of this interaction. Conclusions Health promotion research would benefit from a perspective that sees intervention activities not as fixed entities but rather as social interaction that can take on numerous forms. Analysing and reporting the implementation process of studies, like in this evaluation, will allow readers to get a detailed view on the appropriateness of the (intended) study design and intervention for the targeted population. Evaluation studies that shed light on the reasons for adaptations, rather than describing them as deviation from the original plan, would point out methodological aspects important for a study’s replication. Furthermore, they would show how various factors can influence the implementation, and therewith initiate a learning cycle for the development of future intervention studies. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register NTR3721 (since November 27, 2012).

Lifestyle interventions often fail to successfully reach individuals with lower socio-economic status (SES), possibly because of the individual behavioural orientation to health behaviour and because limited research has included the target groups' perspectives in the development of interventions. Certainly, in order to make lifestyle interventions more applicable, target groups' viewpoints should to be taken into account. In order to tailor an effective lifestyle intervention to groups with lower SES of different ethnic origins, 14 focus group interviews were conducted with Turkish, Moroccan and Dutch male and female groups. The target groups' responses highlight their viewpoint and their dilemmas with regard to physical activity behaviour and healthy eating. Exploration of the target groups' behaviour in terms of their own logic revealed three prominent themes. Firstly, some individuals find it difficult to maintain healthy eating habits and regular physical activities, as their concept of a healthy life comprises competing values and activities. Secondly, social norms and social practices of others influence health behaviour. Thirdly, respondents' answers reflect how they deal with the dilemma of competing values and norms. They use different ways of reasoning to make sense of their own (health) behaviour. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that considering physical activity and eating as collective social practices rather than as determinants of health will provide new opportunities to initiate healthy lifestyles and to make lifestyle interventions more applicable to target groups' realities.

De gemeenten in de Noord-Veluwe werken aan preventie van overgewicht en overmatig alcoholgebruik bij kinderen binnen het programma Goed Bezig. Onderdeel hiervan is de Sociale Activering Strategie welke als doel heeft burgers en ondernemers te stimuleren en activeren tot een gemeenschappelijke verantwoordelijkheid voor gezonde leefgewoonten van jongeren van 4-16 jaar. Met een proces- en effectevaluatie is het resultaat van de Sociale Activering Strategie op het aantal gerealiseerde initiatieven en het aantal deelnemers, de participatiebereidheid van ouders en het leefstijlgedrag van jongeren onderzocht. Voor de effectevaluatie is gebruik gemaakt van een quasi-experimentele studieopzet met een interventie- en controlegroep en een voor- en nameting. De studiepopulatie betrof ouders van kinderen in de leeftijd van 4-16 jaar (n=192). Voor de procesevaluatie zijn logboeken gebruikt. De Sociale Activering Strategie is erin geslaagd om met name jonge kinderen te laten deelnemen aan leefstijlactiviteiten, welke zeer positief werden gewaardeerd. Ondanks het feit dat het aantal volwassenen dat is bereikt en een actieve bijdrage heeft geleverd aan de activiteiten beperkt was, zijn succesvolle bewonersinitiatieven gerealiseerd. De positieve verandering in het beweeggedrag van jongeren van wie de ouders actief betrokken zijn geweest, wijst erop dat een groeiende participatiebereidheid van ouders kan leiden tot een positieve gedragsverandering bij jongeren na een aantal jaren.

Previous research suggests that narrative engagement (NE) in entertainment-education (E-E) narratives reduces counterarguing, thereby leading to E-E impact on behavior. It is, however, unclear how different NE processes (narrative understanding, attentional focus, emotional engagement, narrative presence) relate to different thought types (negative or positive; about the narrative form or about the target behavior) and to E-E impact. This study explores these relations in the context of alcohol binge drinking (BD). Participants (N = 172) watched an E-E narrative showing negative BD consequences, thereby aiming to discourage BD. The main findings were that the E-E narrative had a positive impact on discouraging BD on almost all assessed BD determinants such as beliefs and attitude. It was shown that attentional focus, emotional engagement, and narrative presence were associated with BD-discouraging impact, albeit on different BD-related determinants. No evidence was found that negative thoughts about BD mediated these associations. From this, we conclude that attentional focus, emotional engagement, and narrative presence were important for E-E impact but that negative thoughts about BD did not play a role therein. The study’s empirical and practical implications are discussed.

Background Healthy Ageing is a complex intervention aimed at reducing the prevalence of loneliness among elderly Dutch people. Purpose This study aimed to assess how mass media communication materials, information meetings, and psychosocial courses were received by elderly people at high risk of loneliness. Methods Face-to-face interviews with 17 independently living elderly persons at increased risk of loneliness were conducted. They provided information about factors influencing attention to and acceptability of the content of the intervention components. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed with Atlas.ti. Results The mass media communication materials were not successful in attracting attention because interviewees' expectations about the communication channels differed from what was provided, the perceived personal relevance of the message was low, and the presentation was not attractive. The content of the intervention components was not well received because the objectives and compo...

Background To unravel the effect of school-based nutrition education, insight into the implementation process is needed. In this study, process indicators of Taste Lessons (a nutrition education programme for Dutch elementary schools) and their association with changes in behavioural determinants relevant to healthy eating behaviour are studied. Methods The study sample consisted of 392 Dutch primary school children from 12 schools. Data were collected using teacher and child questionnaires at baseline, and at one and six months after the intervention. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to study the association between dose, appreciation and children’s engagement in interpersonal communication (talking about Taste Lessons with others after the lessons), and change in knowledge, awareness, skills, attitude, emotion, subjective norm and intention towards two target behaviours. Results With an average implementation of a third of the programme activities, dose positively predicted change in children’s subjective norm of the teacher after one month. Teachers and children highly appreciated Taste Lessons. Whereas teacher appreciation was inversely associated, child appreciation was positively associated with children’s change in awareness, emotion and subjective norm of teachers after one month and in attitude and subjective norm of parents after six months. Interpersonal communication was positively associated with children’s change in five determinants after one month and in attitude and intention after six months. Conclusions The implementation process is related to the programme outcomes of Taste Lessons. Process data provide valuable insights into factors that contribute to the effect of interventions in real-life settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3430-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Designing solutions for complex behaviour change processes can be greatly aided by integrating insights from the behavioural sciences into design practice. However, this integration is hampered by the relative inaccessibility of behavioral scientific knowledge. Working in a multidisciplinary of design researchers and behavioural scientists may bridge the gap between the two fields. This paper shares our experiences in working as such a multidisciplinary group on a large project, amongst others consisting of the design of interventions for workplace safety. Our cooperation was fruitful, both for design researchers – being able to better structure the messiness of the design process –, behavioural scientists – gaining in ecological validity of their methods –, and commissioners – increased trust in potential outcomes of the design process. However, difficulties preventing synergy also transpired.

Behaviour change design has much to gain with the integration of insights from the behavioural sciences in the design process. However, this integration needs to be done without hampering the creative process. In two rich design cases aimed at health and safety behaviour change, we describe our efforts to develop a method for theory driven design based on the Double Diamond. Our method attempts to integrate insights from the Persuasive by Design-model (PbD) for behaviour change into the entire design process. Our case studies demonstrate that our method indeed augments the integration of theory and evidence in our designs, but only if the Double Diamond process model is complemented with an evaluation phase, and insights from the PbD-model are derived using rich, well developed tools.

Alcohol use among adolescents is a concern in the Netherlands because of its high prevalence and risks. To discourage adolescents from drinking alcohol, a televised entertainment-education (E-E) intervention was developed. This study investigated responses of adolescents on perceived realism and enjoyment of the E-E intervention, as well as its impact on alcohol drinking behavior. Viewers perceived the E-E narratives to be credible and enjoyable but did not relate to the characters in the narratives. However, exposure to the E-E intervention predicted desired changes in alcohol drinking behavior, intentions to decrease alcohol use, and perceived normative pressure, especially in less educated viewers. These findings demonstrate that E-E is a promising strategy to target adolescent alcohol use. Future research will focus on the individual processes and story elements that account for the positive results.

In Nederland streven het ministerie van VWS en het ZonMw ondersteuningsprogramma Gezonde Slagkracht bij overgewichtpreventie op lokaal niveau naar een samenhangend en integraal beleid, bij voorkeur volgens de beginselen van de EPODE aanpak. In dit onderzoek is gekeken hoe de EPODE aanpak zich verhoudt tot de praktijk, met als voorbeeld de via Gezonde Slagkracht gesubsidieerde gemeente Raalte. De EPODE aanpak is gestoeld op vier pijlers: politiek draagvlak, stevige wetenschappelijke steun, sociale marketing en publiek-privaat partnerschap. De gemeente Raalte heeft, met de ondersteuning van GGD IJsselland, een goede stap gezet om aansluiting te vinden bij EPODE. De pijlers bestuurlijk draagvlak en publiek-privaat partnerschap blijken relatief eenvoudig ingevuld te kunnen worden. De gemeente is bewust van het belang van deze pijlers en heeft er concrete ideeen voor. De moeilijkste pijlers om te realiseren, blijken wetenschappelijke steun en sociale marketing. Daar heeft de gemeente dan ook extra ondersteuning nodig. De EPODE aanpak biedt via de vier pijlers een nuttig framework om initiatieven te ordenen en mogelijkheden te signaleren. Maar om de aanpak ten volle te kunnen benutten, is een betere en concretere beschrijving van de pijlers nodig, en meer ondersteuning bij de praktische invulling. Voor de ontwikkeling van een succesvolle, lokale, integrale aanpak en het daarvoor benodigde ondersteuningsaanbod is het waardevol om meer te weten over de ontwikkelingen in verschillende gemeenten die met de EPODE aanpak (of de Nederlandse variant: JOGG) bezig gaan met het bevorderen van een gezonde leefstijl.

Contains fulltext : 90550.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Gezondheidsproblemen, zoals overgewicht, komen veelvuldig voor in de Nederlandse samenleving. Om dit tegen te gaan subsidieert de overheid campagnes waarin de (ongezonde) leefstijl centraal staat. In hoeverre deze leefstijlcampagnes effect sorteren in de samenleving wordt in grote mate bepaald door de keuzes die gemaakt zijn tijdens de ontwikkeling hiervan. In dit onderzoek, in opdracht van ZonMw, is gekeken in hoeverre deze keuzes gebaseerd worden op wetenschappelijke theorieën. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat theorieën vooral toegepast worden in de opzetfase van een campagne, en met name tijdens de aanvraag voor subsidie. Theorieën die gericht zijn op het individu en de interactie tussen individuen worden hoofdzakelijk (h)erkend en toegepast. Naarmate de campagne vordert en dichter op de uitvoering komt te zitten neemt de aandacht voor theorieën af en worden ze vooral nog impliciet gebruikt. Hoewel campagnemedewerkers aangeven voordeel te ervaren bij het gebruik van theorieën, worden vooral veel nadelen genoemd. Theorieën worden vaak als complex en weinig compatibel ervaren. Keuzes tijdens de ontwikkeling van een campagne worden in belangrijke mate gemaakt op basis van eerdere ervaringen, evaluatieonderzoek en het pretesten van materialen. Mogelijke winst met betrekking tot adequater theoriegebruik valt te behalen door wetenschap en praktijk meer met elkaar te verbinden, zodat de explicitering van keuzes ook in de uitvoerings- en implementatiefase wordt gestimuleerd. Dit betekent ondermeer dat de wetenschap zich actiever moet engageren met de praktijk. 6 p.

Worldwide, programs to control mastitis are implementedusing different strategies to reach farmers.Even though education materials and best practicesmay be technically optimal, they need to be used to besuccessful. Thus, effective communication with farmersis essential in order to change their behavior and toimprove their farm management. During a Dutch nationalmastitis control program, a substantial number offarmers seemed to be hard to reach with information onudder health. Consequently, this study was designed toprovide insight into the attitude and motivation of suchfarmers. In the period of October 2007 to July 2008,24 in-depth, semistructured interviews were conductedwith farmers whose veterinarians considered to be difficultto approach with advice on udder health management(8 practices, 3 farmers from each practice). Theinterviews included questions about the farms and thefarmers, their attitude and behavior regarding mastitis,and their information sources and social environment.The results show that so-called hard-to-reach farmerswere not always badly informed about udder healthand did not always experience problems with mastitis.These ostensibly unreachable farmers were not a homogeneousgroup, but rather could be divided into 4categories based on their trust in external informationsources regarding mastitis and their orientation towardthe outside world: proactivists, do-it-yourselfers, waitand-see-ers, and reclusive traditionalists. There areample opportunities to reach hard-to-reach farmers,provided that the communication strategies are tailoredto their specific needs. There is especially muchto gain in communication with do-it-yourselfers andwait-and-see-ers, but this demands a more proactiverole on the part of veterinarians and extension specialists.Different types of farmers need to be approachedin different ways and through different channels withinformation on udder health. Consequently, this studycan contribute to the optimization of future programsdesigned to control and prevent diseases.

Nutrigenomics is a new and promising development in nutritional science which aims to understand the fundamental molecular processes affected by foods. Despite general agreement on its promise for better understanding diet–health relationships, less consensus exists among experts on the potential of spin-offs aimed at the consumer such as personalised nutrition. Research into consumer acceptance of such applications is scarce. The present study develops a set of key hypotheses on public acceptance of personalised nutrition and tests these in a representative sample of Dutch consumers. An innovative consumer research methodology is used in which consumers evaluate short films which are systematically varied scenarios for the future of personalised nutrition. Consumer evaluations of these films, which are pre-tested in a pilot study, allow a formal test of how consumer perceptions of personalised nutrition drive consumer acceptance and through which fundamental psychological processes these effects are mediated. Public acceptance is enhanced if consumers can make their genetic profile available free at their own choice, if the actual spin-off products provide a clearly recognisable advantage to the consumer, and are easy to implement into the daily routine. Consumers prefer communication on nutrigenomics and personalised nutrition by expert stakeholders to be univocal and aimed at building support with consumers and their direct environments for this intriguing new development. Additionally, an exploratory segmentation analysis indicated that people have different focal points in their preferences for alternative scenarios of personalised nutrition. The insights obtained from the present study provide guidance for the successful further development of nutrigenomics and its applications.

This paper applied the Group Decision Room methodology, a research tool to facilitate stakeholder dialogue, to develop a shared view on the further development of nutrigenomics (i.e. the interaction between nutrition and human genes). Results show that stakeholders are well aware of consumer preferences, but that they do not expect nutrigenomics to develop fully in line with those preferences. Furthermore, the experts agree that it is crucial for them to be transparent to the public about their views on nutrigenomics. For the case of nutrigenomics, we found relatively limited controversy both among experts and between experts and consumers.

Methods of production are becoming more important to consumers in their decisions about whether or not to buy or consume a certain product. This decision making process is influenced, among other things, by the images consumers have with regard to the product and its method of production. In this research, consumer images regarding plant breeding technologies were ascertained by means of focus group discussions. Thirty-five respondents, divided into four homogenous groups, were given descriptions of three plant breeding techniques and challenged to provide and discuss their images of these technologies. The discussions resulted in images about genetic modification, genomics, and conventional breeding. It was interesting to see that elaboration of the descriptions changed the consumers¿ images, especially regarding the positioning of genomics in relation to the other two technologies. Whereas initially consumers¿ images placed genomics close to genetic modification, further discussion and clarification resulted in a re-positioning of genomics closer to conventional breeding.

Habitual behavior is often hard to change because of a lack of self-monitoring skills. Digital technologies offer an unprecedented chance to facilitate self-monitoring by delivering feedback on undesired habitual behavior. This review analyzed the results of 72 studies in which feedback from digital technology attempted to disrupt and change undesired habits. A vast majority of these studies found that feedback through digital technology is an effective way to disrupt habits, regardless of target behavior or feedback technology used.Unfortunately, methodological issues limit our confidence in the findings of all but 14 of the 50 studies with quantitative measurements in this review. Furthermore, only 4 studies tested for (and only 3 of those 4 found) sustained habit change, and it remains unclear how feedback from digital technology is moderated by receiver states and traits, as well as feedback characteristics such as feedback sign, comparison, tailoring, modality, frequency, timing and duration. We conclude with recommendations for new research directions. Feedback through digital technology can disrupt undesirable habits.However, it remains unclear whether this disruption leads to durable habit change.The effect of feedback characteristics and user states and traits remain understudied.Findings from this review can be used to inform the development of feedback-based products.

The Quality Guidance Model was extended beyond sensory properties to include credence motivations like healthiness, environmental friendliness, naturalness, and safety. This Extended Quality Guidance Model was built and tested to explain consumer preferences from consumer perceptions, expert sensory judgments, and metabolite features of tomatoes. The different type of features (sensory, technical, and consumer perceptions) made it possible to explore the actionability of the features in predicting consumer preferences both in-store and upon consumption.

Plannen is van belang bij gezondheidsbevorderende interventies. Er is al lang en veel geschreven over planning in de gezondheidsbevordering, wat niet betekent dat in de praktijk altijd zorgvuldig gepland wordt. Dit kan een deficientie van de praktijk zijn, maar mogelijk is het ook een tekortkoming van de planningstheorie. Om te kijken wat er in de praktijk aan de hand is, is de manier van werken van een campagne gericht op meer bewegen, FLASH!, naast vier verschillende typeringen van planningsaanpakken gelegd: de klassieke, evolutionaire, systemische, en procesmatige planningsaanpak. De verschillende aanpakken, zo blijkt, zijn herkenbaar in de FLASH!-praktijk en hebben hierin hun waarde. Ze kunnen het effect van de campagne vergroten en verduurzamen. Bij het werken met evolutionaire, systemische en procesmatige aanpakken blijft echter de verantwoording van deze aanpakken een aandachtspunt. Deze aanpakken lijken minder aan te sluiten bij de wens voor ‘accountability’ en ‘evidence based werken’ van projecten voor de bevordering van gezond gedrag. We denken dat een manier om hiermee om te gaan kan zijn door bewust stil te staan bij de cruciale beslissingen en deze te expliciteren. Beslissingen dienen door deskundige buitenstaanders bevraagd en gecontroleerd te kunnen worden. Men zou hiervoor kunnen denken aan een externe toetsingscommissie die draagvlak kan bieden voor de in het proces van de interventie genomen beslissingen en hiermee in de verantwoording ervan.

Understanding of the determinants of consumer confidence in the safety of food is important if effective risk management and communication are to be developed. In the research reported here, we attempt to understand the roles of consumer trust in actors in the food chain and regulators, consumer recall of food safety incidents, consumer perceptions regarding the safety of particular product groups, personality characteristics, and sociodemographics, as potential determinants of consumer confidence in the safety of food. Consumer confidence in the safety of food was conceptualized as consisting of two distinct dimensions, namely, "optimism" and "pessimism." On the basis of a representative sample of 657 Dutch consumers, structural equation modeling was applied to simultaneously estimate the effect of the determinants on both "optimism" and "pessimism." The results indicated that, to a considerable extent, both optimism and pessimism about the safety of food arise from consumer trust in regulators and actors in the food chain and the perceived safety of meat and fish rather than other product categories. In addition, support was found for the notion that optimism and pessimism are conceptually distinct, as these dimensions of confidence were partly influenced by different determinants. The results of this study imply that consumer confidence in the safety of food could be enhanced by improving both consumer trust in societal actors, and consumer safety perceptions of particular product groups.

BACKGROUND: People with low socioeconomic status (SES) and some ethnic minorities are often underrepresented in lifestyle programmes. Therefore, a lifestyle programme was developed especially targeting these groups. Developing this lifestyle programme and designing an intervention study to test the effectiveness of this programme was an informative process in which several obstacles were encountered and choices had to be made. Study protocols, however, rarely describe these obstacles encountered in the protocol design process, and it is not always clear why researchers made certain choices. Therefore, the aim of this article is to describe both the final MetSLIM study protocol and the considerations and choices made in designing this study protocol. METHODS/DESIGN: The developed MetSLIM study has a quasi-experimental design, targeting 30- to 70-year-old adults with an elevated waist circumference, living in deprived neighbourhoods, of Dutch, Turkish or Moroccan descent. The intervention group participates in a 12-month lifestyle programme consisting of individual dietary advice, four group sessions and weekly sports lessons. The control group receives written information about a healthy lifestyle and one group session provided by a dietician. The study contains an elaborate effect, process and economic evaluation. Outcome measures are, among other things, change in waist circumference and the other components of the metabolic syndrome. DISCUSSION: Matching the preferences of the target group, such as their preferred setting, has implications for the entire study protocol. The process evaluation of the MetSLIM study will provide insight into the consequences of the choices made in the MetSLIM study protocol in terms of reach, acceptability and delivery of the programme, and the effect and economic evaluation will provide insight into the (cost)effectiveness of the lifestyle programme in order to reduce waist circumference among individuals with low SES of different ethnic origins. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register NTR3721 (since November 27, 2012).

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of the Dutch school-based education programme ‘Taste Lessons’ on children’s behavioural determinants towards tasting unfamiliar foods and eating healthy and a variety of foods.DesignIn a quasi-experimental study design, data on behavioural determinants were collected at baseline, four weeks and six months after the intervention in both the intervention and control group. Children completed consecutively three questionnaires in which knowledge, awareness, skills, attitude, emotion, subjective norm and intention towards the two target behaviours were assessed. Teachers implemented on average a third of the programme activities. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to compare individual changes in the determinants in the intervention group with those in the control group, corrected for children’s gender and age. Effect sizes were expressed as Cohen’sd.SettingDutch elementary schools.SubjectsForty-nine classes (1183 children, 9–12 years old) in grades 5–8 of twenty-one elementary schools.ResultsThe intervention group showed a higher increase in knowledge (d=0·26,Pd=0·23,Pd=0·22,Pd=0·21,Pd=0·17,Pd=0·16,PConclusionsPartial implementation of Taste Lessons during one school year showed small short-term effects on increasing behavioural determinants in relation to tasting unfamiliar foods and eating healthy and a variety of foods. Full and repeated implementation of Taste Lessons in subsequent years might result in larger effects.

Background Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) are generally less well reached through lifestyle interventions than individuals with higher SES. The aim of this study was to identify opportunities for adapting lifestyle interventions in such a way that they are more appealing for individuals with low SES. To this end, the study provides insight into perspectives of groups with different socioeconomic positions regarding their current eating and physical activity behaviour; triggers for lifestyle change; and ways to support lifestyle change. Methods Data were gathered in semi-structured focus group interviews among low SES (four groups) and high SES (five groups) adults. The group size varied between four and nine participants. The main themes discussed were perceptions and experiences of healthy eating, physical activity and lifestyle advice. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and a thematic approach was used to analyse the data. Results In general, three key topics were identified, namely: current lifestyle is logical for participants given their personal situation; lifestyle change is prompted by feedback from their body; and support for lifestyle change should include individually tailored advice and could profit from involving others. The perceptions of the low SES participants were generally comparable to the perceptions shared by the high SES participants. Some perceptions were, however, especially shared in the low SES groups. Low SES participants indicated that their current eating behaviour was sometimes affected by cost concerns. They seemed to be especially motivated to change their lifestyle when they experienced health complaints, but were rather hesitant to change their lifestyle for preventive purposes. Regarding support for lifestyle change, low SES participants preferred to receive advice in a group rather than on their own. For physical activities, groups should preferably consist of persons of the same age, gender or physical condition. Conclusions To motivate individuals with low SES to change their lifestyle, it may be useful to (visually) raise their awareness of their current weight or health status. Lifestyle interventions targeting individuals with low SES should take possible cost concerns into account and should harness the supportive effect of (peer) groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1036) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: One of the stakeholders in tackling the rise and health consequences of overweight and obesity is the general practice physician (GP). GPs are in a good position to inform and give nutrition guidance to overweight patients. OBJECTIVE: Assessment of working mechanism of determinants of the nutrition guidance practice: noticing patients' overweight and guidance of treatment by GPs [linear analysis of structural relations (LISREL) path model] in a longitudinal study. METHODS: This longitudinal study measured data in 1992, 1997 and 2007. The 1992 LISREL path model (Hiddink GJ, Hautvast J, van Woerkum CMJ, Fieren CJ, van t'Hof MA. Nutrition guidance by primary-care physicians: LISREL analysis improves understanding. Prev Med 1997; 26: 29-36.) demonstrated that 'noticing patients' overweight and guidance of treatment' was directly and indirectly influenced by predisposing factors, driving forces and perceived barriers. This article defines and discusses the path analysis of the 2007 data (compared with 1997). RESULTS: This analysis shows both similarity and differences in working mechanism of determinants of noticing patients' overweight and guidance of treatment between 1997 and 2007. The backbone of the mechanism with four predisposing factors is the similarity. The number of driving forces and of paths through intermediary factors to the dependent variable constitutes the difference. CONCLUSIONS: The backbone of the working mechanism of determinants of the nutrition guidance practice: noticing patients' overweight and guidance of treatment by GPs was similar in 2007 and 1997. The influence of GPs task perception on noticing patients' overweight and guidance of treatment considerably increased in 2007 compared to 1997. The longitudinal character of this article gives a strong practice-based evidence for weight management by GPs. 01 april 2012

Farmers with an automatic milking system (AMS) might have a different attitude with regard to animal management than other farmers. Data were collected on 151 dairy farms, varying in herd size from 30 to 420 cows. The farmers reflected on 75 propositions divided in 4 general topics, being business and goals, working style, AMS and mastitis. The answers of the farmers were analysed to get insight in their attitude with regard to animal management. Using multivariate regression analysis, the farmers attitude with regard to animal management was related to the udder health on those farms. The udder health of the farms was described, based on data from milk production registration and the incidence of clinical mastitis, as reported by the farmers.

The development, content and potential health promoting effect of the Dutch documentary series, Voor dik & dun (“For thick and thin”) were investigated. This series was based on the entertainment–education (EE) strategy and designed to prevent overweight. Qualitative data were collected from three perspectives: those involved in the program development (in-depth interviews), health communication scientists (in-depth interviews), and viewers (focus groups). In addition, viewing figures and website statistics were collected. Results show that finding a proper balance between entertainment and education is difficult for those involved. Voor dik & dun was not very successful in creating this balance and did not reach its priority audience. Findings suggest that, to achieve the desired health-promoting effects, EE programs should focus first extensively on narrative engagement by means of entertainment and later on, when the viewer is engaged, try to educate by means of positive identification with transitional role models.

The veterinary practitioner is one of the most important advisors for farmers in the field of udder health. He or she has the tools to improve udder health if farmers are motivated to do so. Many farmers think that udder health is important, but this does not always mean that management of mastitis is up to standard. Many veterinarians are of the opinion that they are unable to convince their clients of the possible profits to be gained from investing in management of mastitis. Something is required to bridge this gap. This article, based on data and experiences from The Netherlands, describes the communication issues that can be considered in order to improve the role of the veterinarian as advisor, to achieve better udder health. The outcome is beneficial for both farmers and veterinarians, the former for reasons of economics, welfare and ease of work; the latter because it creates extra, challenging work. It is concluded that the veterinary practitioner is in an ideal situation to advise and motivate farmers to improve udder health but, to do this, the means of communication need to take account of the different learning styles of farmers. The most important aspects of such communication are found to be a pro-active approach, personalisation of messages, providing a realistic frame of reference for the farmer, and use of the farmer's social environment. Importantly, all persons and organisations in a farmer's social environment should articulate the same message.

The aim of this study is to gain more insight into how consumers’ perceptions of the satiety value of snack products influence their choice of such products and to get a better understanding of consumer terminology and perceptions about product-related satiety. Participants were asked to indicate their individual product choice in response to a scenario. Scenarios varied as a between-subject factor in terms of whether information on the time gap till the next meal occasion (favorite main dish) was provided or not, and whether this meal would be eaten after one hour or four hours. To get a better understanding of consumer terminology a repertory grid task was used to elicit consumer attributes relating to satiety. This research shows that, when consumers are confronted with situations that vary in satiety requirements, they do not make significantly different snack products choices. But they do have specific ideas about the product features that influence the perceived satiety level of a product. Products perceived as fat, high in protein, with a savory taste and in one piece are expected to have a higher level of satiety compared to sweet products and products that exist of multiple small items.

Worldwide, programs to improve udder health are implemented using communication tools and methods that inform and persuade dairy farmers. This study evaluated 2 communication strategies used in a mastitis control program in the Netherlands. To improve farmers' udder health management, tools such as instruction cards, treatment plans, checklists and software were developed following an argument-based comprehensive "central route." These tools were used during on-farm study group meetings for farmers organized by veterinarians and also during individual veterinarian-farmer interactions. The second strategy aimed at adopting a single management practice to increase the use of milking gloves during milking. This approach followed a straightforward "peripheral" route that used implicit persuasion techniques. Results of an online survey of 374 Dutch dairy farmers showed that most farmers were able and willing to use the educational management tools to increase udder health on their farms. They evaluated the tools positively regardless of the mastitis problems on their farms. This seems to indicate that the central route of communication is most effective when farmers are motivated to work on udder health in general. Results of repeated random telephone surveys before, during, and after the campaign on the use of milking gloves showed that the use of gloves increased from 20.9 to 42.0% of the respondents. Respondents' opinions about milking gloves also changed favorably, indicating that a relatively short peripheral campaign on a single action can have a sustained effect on farmers' behavior. Both communication strategies seem to be potentially successful in disseminating knowledge to a specific target group of farmers and in changing that group's behavior. However, to reach as many farmers as possible, the strategies should be combined. When optimizing these strategies, both the farmers' motivation to work on udder health and the aim of the campaign should be considered. When aiming to improve general udder health management, the central route seems to be effective if farmers are already motivated to optimize their udder health management. For farmers who are less motivated to work on udder health, the peripheral route seems to be most effective when aiming to change a single management practice. The evaluated communication strategies are examples of how management practices to control mastitis can be effectively communicated to farmers. As such, this study contributes to optimizing future programs to control and prevent diseases.

A survey of dairy farmers assessed whether they were aware of the potential production and economic benefits of adopting and implementing efficient practices to control somatic cell count (SCC), and whether providing them with additional information on projected economic losses on a regular basis might motivate them to implement enhanced control programmes. In-depth interviews revealed that the majority of the dairy farmers perceived cow-specific and herd-specific projected losses due to elevated SCCs, as not very relevant to them. Farmers considered that SCC was already monitored regularly at individual cow level, which provided them with adequate information to support decision-making. The farmers justified their actions with regard to SCC control in terms of their intention to manage the problem, and their belief in whether their efforts would be successful. Actions were rationalised in a specific context comprising the intertwined notions of intentions and efficacy beliefs.

This study develops a longitudinal perspective on consumer confidence in the safety of food to explore if, how, and why consumer confidence changes over time. In the first study, a theory-based monitoring instrument for consumer confidence in the safety of food was developed and validated. The monitoring instrument assesses consumer confidence together with its determinants. Model and measurement invariance were validated rigorously before developments in consumer confidence in the safety of food and its determinants were investigated over time. The results from the longitudinal analysis show that across four waves of annual data collection (2003-2006), the framework was stable and that the relative importance of the determinants of confidence was, generally, constant over time. Some changes were observed regarding the mean ratings on the latent constructs. The second study explored how newspaper coverage of food safety related issues affects consumer confidence in the safety of food through subjective consumer recall of food safety incidents. The results show that the newspaper coverage on food safety issues is positively associated with consumer recall of food safety incidents, both in terms of intensity and recency of media coverage.