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2. Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – Do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azar, Elie, Bannazadeh, Bahareh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon-Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T, Huebner, Gesche M, Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, MC Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, Montazami, Azadeh, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, de Abreu, Ana Lígia Papst, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F, Rivera, Ma Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B, Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, ZahraSadat

Subjects
Thermal comfort, Thermal sensation, Thermal acceptance, Field study, Scales, Post-Occupancy-Evaluation: Climatic zone, Season, Language, Adaptation, Diversity, Engineering, Built Environment and Design, Building & Construction
Abstract

People's subjective response to any thermal environment is commonly investigated by using rating scales describing the degree of thermal sensation, comfort, and acceptability. Subsequent analyses of results collected in this way rely on the assumption that specific distances between verbal anchors placed on the scale exist and that relationships between verbal anchors from different dimensions that are assessed (e.g. thermal sensation and comfort) do not change. Another inherent assumption is that such scales are independent of the context in which they are used (climate zone, season, etc.). Despite their use worldwide, there is indication that contextual differences influence the way the scales are perceived and therefore question the reliability of the scales’ interpretation. To address this issue, a large international collaborative questionnaire study was conducted in 26 countries, using 21 different languages, which led to a dataset of 8225 questionnaires. Results, analysed by means of robust statistical techniques, revealed that only a subset of the responses are in accordance with the mentioned assumptions. Significant differences appeared between groups of participants in their perception of the scales, both in relation to distances of the anchors and relationships between scales. It was also found that respondents’ interpretations of scales changed with contextual factors, such as climate, season, and language. These findings highlight the need to carefully consider context-dependent factors in interpreting and reporting results from thermal comfort studies or post-occupancy evaluations, as well as to revisit the use of rating scales and the analysis methods used in thermal comfort studies to improve their reliability.

Published
2020

3. Publisher Correction: The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon-Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, Vecchi, Renata De, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T, Huebner, Gesche M, Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, MC Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Ligia, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F, Rivera, Ma Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B, Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020

4. The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon-Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, Vecchi, Renata De, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T, Huebner, Gesche M, Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, MC Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Ligia, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F, Rivera, Ma Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B, Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat

Subjects
Behavioral and Social Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Built Environment, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Temperature, Thermosensing
Abstract

Thermal discomfort is one of the main triggers for occupants' interactions with components of the built environment such as adjustments of thermostats and/or opening windows and strongly related to the energy use in buildings. Understanding causes for thermal (dis-)comfort is crucial for design and operation of any type of building. The assessment of human thermal perception through rating scales, for example in post-occupancy studies, has been applied for several decades; however, long-existing assumptions related to these rating scales had been questioned by several researchers. The aim of this study was to gain deeper knowledge on contextual influences on the interpretation of thermal perception scales and their verbal anchors by survey participants. A questionnaire was designed and consequently applied in 21 language versions. These surveys were conducted in 57 cities in 30 countries resulting in a dataset containing responses from 8225 participants. The database offers potential for further analysis in the areas of building design and operation, psycho-physical relationships between human perception and the built environment, and linguistic analyses.

Published
2019

18. From concept to application: A review of use cases in urban building energy modeling

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sustainable Design Lab, Ang, Yu Qian, Berzolla, Zachary Michael, Reinhart, Christoph F, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sustainable Design Lab, Ang, Yu Qian, Berzolla, Zachary Michael, and Reinhart, Christoph F

Abstract

© 2020 The Authors Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is a bottom-up, physics-based approach to simulate the thermal performance of new or existing neighborhoods and cities. The field has flourished in recent years, creating increasingly robust urban data streams that lead from Geographical Information Systems, CityGML, Light Detection and Ranging, and tax assessor databases to synthetic hourly building energy demand profiles for current and potential future conditions. Depending on the availability of historic building energy use data, a variety of modeling, simulation, and calibration approaches as well as use cases have been proposed. This paper provides a consolidated UBEM workflow with data and process requirements, and organizes UBEM proposals into four main application categories: urban planning and new neighborhood design, stock-level carbon reduction strategies, individual building-level recommendations, and buildings-to-grid integration. For each application, the paper further introduces a minimum viable UBEM, a novel concept for UBEMs conceptualized in the spirit of a minimum viable product. Specific case studies and/or examples are listed for each application area where available.

Published
2021

19. Publisher Correction:The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C.Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), and Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía

Published
2020

20. Erratum: Publisher Correction: The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales (Scientific data (2019) 6 1 (289))

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, Vecchi, Renata De, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C.Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Ligia, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, Ma Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Physiology, and Amsterdam Movement Sciences

Subjects
SDG 16 - Peace, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Justice and Strong Institutions
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020

21. Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – Do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Schweiker, Marcel, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azar, Elie, Bannazadeh, Bahareh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C. Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Montazami, Azadeh, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Schweiker, Marcel, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azar, Elie, Bannazadeh, Bahareh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C. Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Montazami, Azadeh, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat

Abstract

People's subjective response to any thermal environment is commonly investigated by using rating scales describing the degree of thermal sensation, comfort, and acceptability. Subsequent analyses of results collected in this way rely on the assumption that specific distances between verbal anchors placed on the scale exist and that relationships between verbal anchors from different dimensions that are assessed (e.g. thermal sensation and comfort) do not change. Another inherent assumption is that such scales are independent of the context in which they are used (climate zone, season, etc.). Despite their use worldwide, there is indication that contextual differences influence the way the scales are perceived and therefore question the reliability of the scales’ interpretation. To address this issue, a large international collaborative questionnaire study was conducted in 26 countries, using 21 different languages, which led to a dataset of 8225 questionnaires. Results, analysed by means of robust statistical techniques, revealed that only a subset of the responses are in accordance with the mentioned assumptions. Significant differences appeared between groups of participants in their perception of the scales, both in relation to distances of the anchors and relationships between scales. It was also found that respondents’ interpretations of scales changed with contextual factors, such as climate, season, and language. These findings highlight the need to carefully consider context-dependent factors in interpreting and reporting results from thermal comfort studies or post-occupancy evaluations, as well as to revisit the use of rating scales and the analysis methods used in thermal comfort studies to improve their reliability.

Published
2020

22. Publisher Correction:The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C.Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C.Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat

Published
2020

23. The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales : [Data descriptor]

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon-Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, Vecchi, Renata De, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C. Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Ligia, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, Ma. Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, [Unknown], Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat

Subjects
TH
Abstract

Thermal discomfort is one of the main triggers for occupants’ interactions with components of the built environment such as adjustments of thermostats and/or opening windows and strongly related to the energy use in buildings. Understanding causes for thermal (dis-)comfort is crucial for design and operation of any type of building. The assessment of human thermal perception through rating scales, for example in post-occupancy studies, has been applied for several decades; however, long-existing assumptions related to these rating scales had been questioned by several researchers. The aim of this study was to gain deeper knowledge on contextual influences on the interpretation of thermal perception scales and their verbal anchors by survey participants. A questionnaire was designed and consequently applied in 21 language versions. These surveys were conducted in 57 cities in 30 countries resulting in a dataset containing responses from 8225 participants. The database offers potential for further analysis in the areas of building design and operation, psycho-physical relationships between human perception and the built environment, and linguistic analyses.

Published
2019

25. Lightswitch-2002: a model for manual and automated control of electric lighting and blinds

Author

Reinhart, Christoph F.

Subjects
Electric lighting -- Research, Lighting -- Research, Earth sciences, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

A simulation algorithm is proposed that predicts the lighting energy performance of manually and automatically controlled electric lighting and blind systems in private and two-person offices. Algorithm inputs are annual profiles of user occupancy and work plane illuminances. These two inputs are combined with probabilistic switching patterns, which have been derived from field data, in order to predict the status of the electric lighting and blinds throughout the year. The model features four different user types to mimic variation in control behavior between different occupants. An example application in a private office with a southern facade yields that--depending on the user type--the electric lighting energy demand for a manually controlled electric lighting and blind system ranges from 10 to 39 kW h/ [m.sup.2] yr. The predicted mean energy savings of a switch-off occupancy sensor in the example office are 20%. Depending on how reliably occupants switch off a dimmed lighting system, mean electric lighting energy savings due to a daylight-linked photocell control range from 60% to zero. Keywords: Lighting controls; Daylighting; User behavior models

Published
2004

27. Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – Do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, primary, André, Maíra, additional, Al-Atrash, Farah, additional, Al-Khatri, Hanan, additional, Alprianti, Rea Risky, additional, Alsaad, Hayder, additional, Amin, Rucha, additional, Ampatzi, Eleni, additional, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, additional, Azar, Elie, additional, Bannazadeh, Bahareh, additional, Batagarawa, Amina, additional, Becker, Susanne, additional, Buonocore, Carolina, additional, Cao, Bin, additional, Choi, Joon-Ho, additional, Chun, Chungyoon, additional, Daanen, Hein, additional, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, additional, Daniel, Lyrian, additional, De Vecchi, Renata, additional, Dhaka, Shivraj, additional, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, additional, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, additional, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, additional, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, additional, Folkerts, Mireille, additional, Frijns, Arjan, additional, Gaona, Gabriel, additional, Garg, Vishal, additional, Gauthier, Stephanie, additional, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, additional, Harimi, Djamila, additional, Hellwig, Runa T., additional, Huebner, Gesche M, additional, Jin, Quan, additional, Jowkar, Mina, additional, Kim, Jungsoo, additional, King, Nelson, additional, Kingma, Boris, additional, Koerniawan, M. Donny, additional, Kolarik, Jakub, additional, Kumar, Shailendra, additional, Kwok, Alison, additional, Lamberts, Roberto, additional, Laska, Marta, additional, Lee, M.C. Jeffrey, additional, Lee, Yoonhee, additional, Lindermayr, Vanessa, additional, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, additional, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, additional, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, additional, Marquardsen, Anna, additional, Martellotta, Francesco, additional, Mathur, Jyotirmay, additional, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, additional, Montazami, Azadeh, additional, Mou, Di, additional, Moujalled, Bassam, additional, Nakajima, Mia, additional, Ng, Edward, additional, Okafor, Marcellinus, additional, Olweny, Mark, additional, Ouyang, Wanlu, additional, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, additional, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, additional, Rajapaksha, Indrika, additional, Ramos, Greici, additional, Rashid, Saif, additional, Reinhart, Christoph F., additional, Rivera, Ma. Isabel, additional, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, additional, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, additional, Schiavon, Stefano, additional, Shooshtarian, Salman, additional, Shukuya, Masanori, additional, Soebarto, Veronica, additional, Suhendri, Suhendri, additional, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, additional, Tartarini, Federico, additional, Teli, Despoina, additional, Tewari, Priyam, additional, Thapa, Samar, additional, Trebilcock, Maureen, additional, Trojan, Jörg, additional, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., additional, Voelker, Conrad, additional, Yam, Yeung, additional, Yang, Liu, additional, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, additional, Zhai, Yongchao, additional, Zhu, Yingxin, additional, and Zomorodian, ZahraSadat, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
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28. The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Research Foundation of Korea, Marcel Schweiker, Amar Abdul-Zahra, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Montazami, Azadeh, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C. Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Olweny, Mark, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Research Foundation of Korea, Marcel Schweiker, Amar Abdul-Zahra, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Montazami, Azadeh, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C. Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Olweny, Mark, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat

Abstract

Thermal discomfort is one of the main triggers for occupants’ interactions with components of the built environment such as adjustments of thermostats and/or opening windows and strongly related to the energy use in buildings. Understanding causes for thermal (dis-)comfort is crucial for design and operation of any type of building. The assessment of human thermal perception through rating scales, for example in post-occupancy studies, has been applied for several decades; however, long-existing assumptions related to these rating scales had been questioned by several researchers. The aim of this study was to gain deeper knowledge on contextual influences on the interpretation of thermal perception scales and their verbal anchors by survey participants. A questionnaire was designed and consequently applied in 21 language versions. These surveys were conducted in 57 cities in 30 countries resulting in a dataset containing responses from 8225 participants. The database offers potential for further analysis in the areas of building design and operation, psycho-physical relationships between human perception and the built environment, and linguistic analyses.

Published
2019

31. Effects of real-time simulation feedback on design for visual comfort.

Author

Jones, Nathaniel L. and Reinhart, Christoph F.

Subjects
HUMAN comfort, PASSIVHAUS, BUILDING performance, DESIGN & technology
Abstract

Building performance simulations and models of human visual comfort allow us to predict daylight-caused glare using digital building models and climate data. Unfortunately, the simulation tools currently available cannot produce results fast enough for interactive use during design ideation. We developed software with the ability to predict visual discomfort in real time. However, we know little about how users react to simulation feedback presented in real time. In our study, 40 subjects with backgrounds in building design and technology completed two shading design exercises to balance glare reduction and annual daylight availability in two open office arrangements using two simulation tools with differing system response times. Subjects with access to real-time simulation feedback tested more design options, reported higher confidence in design performance and increased satisfaction with the design task, and produced better-performing final designs with respect to spatial daylight autonomy and enhanced simplified daylight glare probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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32. A methodology for auto-calibrating urban building energy models using surrogate modeling techniques.

Author

Nagpal, Shreshth, Mueller, Caitlin, Aijazi, Arfa, and Reinhart, Christoph F.

Subjects
BUILDINGS, ARCHITECTURAL models, CALIBRATION, SIMULATION methods & models, ENGINEERING models
Abstract

Owners of large building portfolios such as university campuses have long relied on building energy models to predict potential energy savings from various efficiency upgrades. Traditional calibration procedures for individual building model are time intensive and require specially trained personnel, making their applications to campuses with hundreds of buildings prohibitive. Recently proposed automatic calibration techniques reduce the manual effort during calibration but require hundreds of thousands of energy simulations which increase their cost. To reduce the computational effort of these methods, this paper proposes a methodology that uses a data-driven approximation technique. Instead of brute-force simulations using detailed engineering models, this study employs statistical surrogate models with an optimization algorithm to estimate properties of unknown building parameters. Results demonstrate that when envelope information is available, this workflow yields sufficiently accurate estimates of hard to observe building characteristics, about 500 times faster than traditional approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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37. A comparison of two modeling approaches for establishing and implementing energy use reduction targets for a university campus.

Author

Reinhart, Christoph F. and Nagpal, Shreshth

Subjects
*ENERGY conservation, *ENERGY consumption of buildings, *GREENHOUSE gases prevention, *CAMPUS planning, *UNIVERSITIES & colleges
Abstract

To reduce global greenhouse gas emissions associated with building energy use, owners of large building portfolios such as university campuses frequently rely on building energy models (BEM) to better understand potential costs and benefits of retrofits. Model development workflows that are designed for individual buildings require a level of effort that would be time and cost prohibitive to apply to such campuses which often include hundreds of diverse-use buildings. While smaller campuses can effectively utilize the traditional BEM approach to study retrofit scenarios, this option is therefore not feasible for larger campuses. Large universities have instead utilized a combination of statistical and spreadsheet models which may not fully capture the unique architectural features, programmatic requirements, and systems configurations of individual campus buildings. With the goal of overcoming these limitations, two separate urban energy models, that employed considerably different methodologies, were developed for the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to evaluate future energy scenarios with an appreciably smaller effort vis-à-vis developing building-by-building energy models. This study reviews these two models with regards to their setup and calibration effort, ability to model individual building energy use, and the accuracy in predicted savings from implementing a variety of retrofitting measures. The paper identifies both models’ strengths and limitations and suggests best practice procedures for administrators of other campuses interested in undergoing a similar exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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39. Simulation-based daylighting analysis procedure for developing urban zoning rules.

Author

Saratsis, Emmanouil, Dogan, Timur, and Reinhart, Christoph F.

Subjects
URBAN density, DAYLIGHTING, CONSTRUCTION industry, URBAN morphology, CONSERVATION of natural resources
Abstract

Increasing urban density leads to a conflict between space-use efficiency and daylight access. Cities have traditionally relied on zoning guidelines that consist of section-based geometric evaluation techniques and/or hours of access to direct sunlight. However, it is now possible to quantify the performance of detailed design proposals before construction. Annual climate-based daylighting performance metrics for urban environments can be computed accurately, in high spatial resolution and in a timely manner. Given that massing design decisions at the urban planning level may make or break the long-term daylighting potential of a whole neighbourhood, the adoption of these tools by zoning boards, developers and urban planners seems particularly relevant. A simulation-based daylighting analysis procedure reveals the capabilities for both formulating more nuanced prescriptive zoning rules as well as for use by design teams. The procedure is used to evaluate the daylighting performance of 50 block typologies in New York City (NYC). The analysis demonstrates that certain urban massing approaches (e.g.pencil towers on a contextual base) outperform conventional massing strategies. A second case study application of an actual city block shows that innovative urban massings can improve access to daylight for the massing itself as well as for neighbouring buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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43. A Concept for Predicting Occupants’ Long-Term Visual Comfort within Daylit Spaces.

Author

Jakubiec, J. Alstan and Reinhart, Christoph F.

Subjects
DAYLIGHTING, METHODOLOGY, BUILT environment, ARCHITECTURAL designs, VISIBILITY
Abstract

A new visual comfort concept is introduced to describe the long-term visual impression of space occupants. This concept, in contrast to instantaneous assessment of visual comfort, aims to describe an overall rating of visual quality in a space. A paired study consisting of occupant surveys and detailed 6-minute time step visual comfort simulations was performed for the studio spaces of Gund Hall in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which is occupied by approximately 500 students. Occupants reported four primary ways of experiencing visual discomfort: discomfort glare, insufficient monitor contrast, direct visibility of the sun, and direct sunlight on the workplane. Survey results were located spatially and in terms of orientation within Gund Hall, and a simulation model was calibrated based on furniture layout, measured material reflectances, and local measured weather data. The results of the study illustrate that it is possible to use current simulation-based visual comfort predictions to predict occupants’ long-term visual comfort assessments in a complex daylit space. By classifying occupant responses into two broad groupings of comfortable and uncomfortable, the prediction methodology correctly identifies reported comfort or discomfort from 73.2% to 86.5% of cases depending on time of day; however, more research is required for broader application of the long-term visual comfort model to other buildings. Through a spatial and temporal presentation of the simulation data, this new methodology can be used as feedback during the process of designing daylit spaces, avoiding visual discomfort, and increasing satisfaction within the built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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44. Analysis of a simplified calibration procedure for 18 design-phase building energy models.

Author

Samuelson, Holly W., Ghorayshi, Arash, and Reinhart, Christoph F.

Subjects
CALIBRATION, LEADERSHIP in Energy & Environmental Design, ENERGY consumption, STANDARD deviations, WEATHER, HEATING & ventilation industry
Abstract

This paper evaluates the accuracy of 18 design-phase building energy models, built according to LEED Canada protocol, and investigates the effectiveness of model calibration steps to improve simulation predictions with respect to measured energy data. These calibration steps, applied in professional practice, included inputting actual weather data, adding unregulated loads, revising plug loads (often with submetered data), and other simple updates. In sum, the design-phase energy models underpredicted the total measured energy consumption by 36%. Following the calibration steps, this error was reduced to a net 7% underprediction. For the monthly energy use intensity (EUI), the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error improved from 45% to 24%. Revising plug loads made the largest impact in these cases. This step increased the EUI by 15% median (32% mean) in the models. This impact far exceeded that of calibrating the weather data, even in a sensitivity test using extreme weather years. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2016
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