Search

Objective: Suicide attempt (SA) repetition is considered one of the main risk factors for completed suicide. In spite of this, there is no previous research on this variable in children. The objective was to determine the factors and profiles associated with reattempted suicide in children aged less than 12 years. Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 120 reports (event code INS.356) of SA in children aged less than 12 years between 2018 and 2023 in the SIVIGILA surveillance system of Colombia. We carried out a bivariate logistic regression analysis to generate the best fitting risk factor model and a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to establish the possible SA recurrence profiles using the SPSS software, version 26. Results: Of the 120 cases analysed, 43 (35.8%) were reports of reattempted suicide. The best model for predicting risk factors for repeated SA included child maltreatment (OR, 6.22; P

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El acoso sexual a menores a través de las TIC constituye una tipología delictiva que causa gran alarma social, y cuyo incremento se ha visto favorecido por el auge y uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación por parte de los menores de edad. Distintos estudios científicos han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de la antisocialidad para explicar las causas de los delitos sexuales contra los menores. El presente estudio se ha propuesto comparar la historia y reincidencia criminal en delitos no sexuales, en tanto muestra de comportamientos antisociales. de una muestra de detenidos por delitos de acoso sexual a menores a través de las TIC (child grooming), con otras dos muestras de detenidos por delitos de pornografía infantil y abuso sexual de menores, para evaluar si son más parecidos en dicha historia criminal a unos que a los otros, una vez se considera que los primeros están mucho mejor socializados que los segundos. Los resultados han mostrado que los acosadores sexuales de menores tienen una historia criminal, nivel de agresión en sus delitos y perfil criminógeno que revela una elevada antisocialidad, muy próxima a la de los abusadores sexuales físicos, y muy alejada de los meros consumidores de material sexual infantil.

This article refers to the factors that influence criminal repetition and recidivism in adolescents within the Colombian Criminal Responsibility System (SRPA, by its initials in Spanish). Its objective is to determine why the concept of criminal repetition in adolescents has to be assumed, instead of the classic conception of recidivism, in an adolescent penal system that is essentially restorative justice. It proposes the novel theory that reiteration cannot be considered a circumstance outside the SRPA. It highlights that knowing about the commission of perpetrated conduct or some degree of participation as author or participant, by the adolescent prior to the commission of a new criminal conduct, serves the purpose of the function of the sanction in the adolescent criminal process. Adding that, once the criminal repetition is known, the possibility of promoting the resocialising educational process by the entities responsible for the treatment of adolescents in conflict with the criminal law is expanded. Concluding that it is valid and necessary to take into account the repetition in criminal matters applied to adolescents that serves for graduation and to indicate the type of sanction to be imposed and avoiding the use of the concept of recidivism which is typical of retributive justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various studies in the criminological field indicate a current rise in gender violence, which is a worrying phenomenon, and hence the need to investigate, among other aspects, the figure of the aggressor (Mora and Montes-Berges, 2010; Huertas, 2020). Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyse the profile of the aggressor of gender violence and to study the relationship between the risk factors of the VioGen System and the recidivism of this type of subjects. To do this, we have worked, through a deliberate sampling, with 189 men convicted of a crime of gender violence in the municipality of Getafe in 2023, whose ages range between 17 and 82 years. The VPER form, which is part of the VioGen System, was used to analyse the study variables. The results indicate that the subjects studied were mostly Spaniards, who mainly committed habitual offences of abuse, and their degree of criminal specialisation is high, with half of them being repeat offenders, mostly against the same victim. The presence of mental disorders and addictions has not been found to influence the probability of recidivism, a fact that is confirmed by police records and broken sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urolithiasis is a common urinary tract condition frequently encountered in veterinary practice. This report aims to present the case of a 4-year-old female German Spitz dog with a historic of recurrent struvite urinary calculi in the bladder. The treatment of choice is cystotomy surgery for complete removal of the urinary calculi. Therefore, the combination of cystotomy and urine culture is important for clinical and surgical management in order to achieve more favorable outcomes and prognoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Annals of Criminology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The objective of this research was to determine which are the early dysfunctional schemes (EDT) that predict the consumption of psychoactive substances (SPA) and criminal recidivism in adolescent offenders from the Youth Centers (CJ) of Peru. Method. A non-experimental cross-sectional and descriptive design was used; likewise, the Young Schema Questionnaire - reduced version (YSQ-SF) was used. The sample consisted of 388 adolescent offenders of both sexes (M=316 and M=72), belonging to the CJ-L (260), CJ-A (56) and CJ-SM (72), the ages of these adolescents' range between 14 and 22 years old. Results. The results show that a significant association was found between the variable "SPA consumption" and 05 EDT, finding that adolescents with the EDT of abandonment, distrust, emotional deprivation, dependence, and insufficient self-control/impulsivity have 2.55, 2.18, 2.46, 3.44 and 1.93, more likely to consume SPA, respectively. Finally, a significant association was found between the variable "Recidivism" and 03 EDT, finding that adolescents with the EDT of emotional deprivation, insufficient self-control and subjugation have 1.74, 2.00 and 1.72, more likely to reoffend criminally, respectively. Conclusions. These results on the influence of EDTs on SPA consumption and criminal recidivism could enhance the treatment of adolescent offenders admitted to CJs, since it is closely related to one of the models that currently best explains the acquisition and maintenance of criminal behavior through three principles: Risk-Need-Response (RNR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales is the property of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Em um Estado Democrático de Direito, os fundamentos da dignidade humana e do pluralismo político são de imperativa observância, compondo a filtragem constitucional ferramenta apta para essa checagem inclusive na seara penal. A Constituição Federal intenta a tutela dos direitos fundamentais, de sorte que a intervenção estatal nos processos de criminalização somente é legítima se o direito penal operar sob o modelo de intervenção mínima. A partir da definição de crime como ofensa a bem jurídico, a ofensividade e a proporcionalidade consubstanciam os limites materiais de crime e de contenção da intervenção estatal, extraindo-se o conteúdo da ofensividade do tecido constitucional por espelhar o princípio democrático. A ofensividade é o ponto nodal para a constatação do fenômeno criminoso. Opera como régua apta a mensurar o processo de criminalização em toda a sua extensão, desde a verificação do enquadramento de uma conduta a um tipo penal até quanto ao grau de severidade da sanção penal imposta. O problema da pesquisa reside na investigação acerca de qual o conteúdo teórico adequado para o princípio da insignificância sob o modelo de intervenção mínima do direito penal. Propõe-se examinar se a diretriz exposta pelo Supremo Tribunal no Habeas Corpus 123108 pela qual se admite a checagem judicial sobre se a aplicação do princípio da insignificância é penal ou socialmente indesejável é cabível ou se revela materialização de atividade de seletividade judicial ilegítima. É apresentada como hipótese a releitura objetiva do princípio da insignificância como exigência democrática que invoca a necessidade de depuração do conteúdo do ditame com a supressão de requisitos subjetivos associados à reincidência ou habitualidade e de vetores que albergam juízos de valor incompatíveis com a objetividade própria do exame da ofensividade enquanto violação ao bem jurídico. É identificada a não punição como imperativo em casos de ausência de ofensividade aferida pela inexpressividade da lesão a bem jurídico, ou seja, em situações de dano concreto inexpressivo. Sob a proposta de identificação da ofensividade como régua de verificação da legitimidade do processo de criminalização, apresenta-se como hipótese adicional que um fato revelador de dano concreto de pouca expressão, porquanto não insignificante, não autoriza a incidência da insignificância como causa supralegal de exclusão da tipicidade material, mas atrai a incidência imperativa de efeitos de tratamento com menor severidade na aplicação da pena ou na fixação do regime de cumprimento.

Introdução: O uso de substâncias psicoativas ocorre desde a antiguidade e, dada as mudanças sociais, nota-se que a compreensão sobre esse fenômeno passaram a acompanhar tais transformações. Objetivo: Demonstrar que a precariedade da dinâmica familiar pode influenciar no consumo precoce de álcool e drogas ilícitas e por fim no envolvimento em atividades delitivas, tornando estes aspectos em fatores de risco para a inserção e reinserção no sistema prisional. Método: Estudo qualitativo fenomenológico, foram selecionados 04 (quatro) privados de liberdade, em presídios da capital do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, são todos do sexo masculino, usuários de drogas ilícitas e, reincidentes no sistema prisional. Foi aplicado o modelo de entrevista com formulário com um questionamento, sendo considerado, a interpretação e compreensão do fenômeno na perspectiva do usuário de drogas ilícitas privado de liberdade. Resultados: Foi demonstrado que a precariedade da dinâmica intrafamiliar, delineada pelo consumo abusivo de álcool, por constantes episódios de violência, negligência ou abandono, podendo inclusive estar presentes de modo sobreposto, podem influenciar significativamente para o consumo cada vez mais precoce de drogas ilícitas e consequentemente na prática de atividades delitivas que conduzem à inserção e reinserção no sistema prisional. Conclusão: A questão do consumo abusivo de drogas ilícitas em ambientes prisionais requer avanços para a ampliação dos direitos das pessoas que estão privadas de liberdade, através de estratégias especificas, como normativos legais e políticas voltadas a este público.

Históricamente, el manejo de adolescentes infractores ha sido un desafío. Por tal razón, este artículo académico pretende exponer cómo la justicia juvenil restaurativa se ha convertido en una alternativa valiosa para abordar esta problemática. Para lograrlo, se llevó a cabo un análisis de conceptos y prácticas internacionales relacionadas con este enfoque. Se destaca la importancia de esta perspectiva para fomentar la responsabilidad personal y el empoderamiento de los adolescentes infractores, así como para reducir la reincidencia y mejorar la reintegración y reparación del daño a las víctimas. Finalmente, se enfatiza la efectividad de la justicia juvenil restaurativa como una opción más comprensiva para abordar los desafíos en el sistema de justicia penal.

The article examines the structure of the penalty individualization system in the Chilean Penal Code. The problems in its application are analyzed, such as its validity in property crimes and the aggravating circumstances of recidivism. The importance of the first rule of article 449 is highlighted, which establishes criteria for the decision of the penalty. The interpretation of the first rule and its relationship with the abstract penal framework is discussed. The judicial tendency to compensate for mitigating and aggravating circumstances is also analyzed. Judicial cases are mentioned, and a list of bibliographic and jurisprudential references is provided. [Extracted from the article]

The application of remission of penalty by reading: discourses and practices seek to present the policy of remission of penalty by reading in the state of Santa Catarina, through interviews with coordinators responsible for these initiatives in two prison units. They decide on the procedures taken, the operational dynamic, and select the books and evaluation criteria. In addition to bringing together and comparing the two projects of reference through reading, the work proposes to investigate the moral intentions and the ends envisaged and achieved in the coordinators' speeches. As a result, it was identified that there are still no systematized data on the recidivism of participants in penalty remission projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar la evolución que presenta la conducta criminal a través del transcurso de la vida de un grupo de 824 mujeres detenidas por delitos de violencia intrafamiliar, en 2007, por parte de Carabineros de Chile. El diseño es longitudinal pseudo prospectivo, lo que permite su seguimiento a través de 9 años, tal como si correspondiera a un estudio longitudinal prospectivo. Se consideró como reincidencia cualquier nueva detención o denuncia en su contra, entre 2007-2016. El 60,6% de las mujeres reincidieron, acumulando un total de 2.583 delitos. Las trayectorias criminales de esta población se extendieron bastante más allá de los 30 años, generando una curva edad/delito alargada, dado que una parte importante de estas mujeres se mantuvieron cometiendo delitos hasta los 40 años, alejándose de la tradicional forma que adquiere la curva edad/delito.

Resumo O uso da monitoração eletrônica (ME) pelo sistema de justiça criminal brasileiro vem se expandindo desde o final da primeira década do novo milênio e a sua aplicação está hoje presente em todos os estados da federação. Muitas polêmicas cercam a utilização da ME no Brasil e no mundo, estando no centro dos debates o seu potencial desencarcerador, o estigma que vitima as pessoas monitoradas, o direito à privacidade, e o seu papel na redução da reincidência e na reabilitação de infratores. Este artigo trata da relação entre monitoração eletrônica e reincidência criminal, apresentando os fundamentos teóricos utilizados por aqueles que defendem o potencial da ME em reduzir a reincidência e os achados de principais investigações internacionais que avaliaram a reincidência de pessoas monitoradas por meio de estudos de caso-controle publicados no período de 2001 a 2021. Os achados apontam estudos pouco abrangentes, que monitoraram o recidivismo dos participantes por tempo limitado. Os resultados são divergentes e não sustentam a afirmação genérica de que a monitoração eletrônica reduz a recidiva criminal.

Objetivo: Este estudio buscó analizar el comportamiento de factores psicosociales (características sociodemográficas, diagnóstico principal, método de intento, cognición y comportamiento) en relación con el número de intentos de suicidio en pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad mental, atendidos en el Hospital Mental de Antioquia, entre los años 2014 y 2016, además de evaluar la relación asociativa de dichos factores en la reincidencia por intento. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, que analiza, en 248 personas con diagnóstico de afecciones mentales, la asociación mencionada. Para ello, se describe, primero, el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico; luego, se construye un modelo de regresión logística multivariada, para evaluar la asociación de factores psicosociales con el riesgo de reincidencia por intento. Resultados: La población se caracterizó, principalmente, por ser joven (12-20 años) y de género femenino (62,9 %), siendo la reincidencia del 40 %. Entre los hallazgos de mayor relevancia se informa que se presenta una mayor proporción de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y bajo apoyo familiar/social en pacientes con cuatro episodios respecto a quienes tuvieron un intento. Los predictores explicativos del riesgo de reincidencia por intento de suicidio fueron el trastorno depresivo recurrente, escaso seguimiento psiquiátrico y el uso de métodos de menor letalidad (corte de muñecas). Conclusión: Los resultados son claves en el marco de la prevención del suicidio, en tanto identifican factores que contribuyen al aumento del número de intentos y su reincidencia, y coincide con la ventana temporal de inicio de vigilancia del evento en el sistema colombiano.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a frequência de recorrência da violência contra mulheres nos diferentes ciclos de vida e verificar os fatores associados. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com dados de notificação de violência contra o sexo feminino do estado do Espírito Santo no período de 2011 a 2018. Utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, por meio da Ficha de Notificação/Investigação de Violência Interpessoal e Autoprovocada. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas por meio da regressão de Poisson e do teste do qui-quadrado. Resultados A frequência de recorrência de violência no sexo feminino foi de 58,9% (IC95% 58,2-59,5). A violência de repetição foi 1,26 vez mais prevalente nas idosas e 32% mais frequente entre aquelas com deficiência; as notificações em área urbana foram 8% maiores. Quanto ao agressor, o sexo masculino prevaleceu (razão de prevalência de 1,37; IC95% 1,28-1,46), e faixa etária mais frequente foi mais de 25 anos (razão de prevalência de 1,07; IC95% 1,03-1,11). A violência recorrente foi 3,28 vezes mais cometida por conhecidos e por um agressor único (razão de prevalência de 1,24). As notificações de violência recorrente foram 55% mais prevalentes na residência. Conclusão A alta frequência da violência de repetição e as associações com as características estudadas refletem a necessidade de atenção a esse público, bem como a importância de ações que visem à detecção precoce da violência e à adequada assistência às vítimas e aos agressores familiares, a fim de evitar a perpetuação das agressões no cotidiano das mulheres.

Research with adolescent offenders is concerned with identifying risk and protective factors that influence recidivism and desistance from crime. A quantitative and cross-sectional investigation designed to examine the influence of risk and protective factors on recidivism in Colombian adolescents is presented. In seven regions of Colombia, a convenience sample was obtained, and 646 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years (M = 17.08; SD: 1.23; 15 % girls) belonging to the Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal para Adolescentes (SRPA) participated. The Communities That Care Youth Survey (CTCYS) was used for the evaluation. It evaluated a broad set of risk and protective factors identified through the community, school, family, peer group, individual conditions, and behavioral outcomes, including drug use, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Descriptive analyses were conducted, and all CTC-YS factors were correlated with antisocial behavior. The results show varying degrees of relationship between the factors assessed and antisocial behavior. Binary logistic regression was used to determine which risk and protective factors influence recidivism. It was noted that favorable parental attitudes towards drug use and antisocial behavior, early onset of drug use, low school engagement, and interaction with antisocial peers increases the probability of recidivism. Recidivism was identified as being affected by, among other factors, favorable parental attitudes toward drug use and antisocial behavior, early onset of drug use, and low school engagement. It was also observed that beliefs in a moral order, opportunities for prosocial school participation and lower drug use frequency reduce the probability of recidivism. According to the results, the factors that influence criminal recidivism are multiple, and social, family, school, and individual factors need to be addressed. The need to intervene in attitudes favorable to antisocial behavior on the part of parents, strengthen school services, and carry out treatment for drug use to favor the reduction of recidivism in Colombian adolescents is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Even though previous research has identified the negative impact of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, less is known regarding the moderator factors that explain this association. In this study, we first aimed to assess whether there would be differences in terms of specific neuropsychological variables (e.g., IQ, working memory, executive functioning, and emotion decoding) between different groups of IPV perpetrators, affected or not by ADHD, and also compared with non-violent men (without ADHD). Second, we evaluated differences in dropout and recidivism among the subgroups of IPV perpetrators. Third, we assessed whether ADHD interacts with neuropsychological functioning to explain treatment compliance (dropout) and official recidivism among IPV perpetrators. Method: We administered a set of neuropsychological tests and self-reports to a group of IPV perpetrators with ADHD (n = 161), without ADHD (n = 163), and non-violent men (n = 103). Data on IPV perpetrators' treatment compliance and official recidivism were collected after treatment. Results: Our results indicated that all the groups of IPV perpetrators presented worse performance in all cognitive domains than controls. Furthermore, ADHD IPV perpetrators also showed worse performance in all cognitive domains than IPV perpetrators without ADHD, except for emotion decoding abilities. Most importantly, the combined subtype of ADHD IPV perpetrators presented the highest rate of dropout and official recidivism. Lastly, ADHD diagnosis and neuropsychological impairments separately offered a considerable explanation of treatment compliance and recidivism but their combination did not increase the amount of explained variance. Conclusions: Our study highlights the need to implement good screening processes for correctly diagnosing IPV perpetrators and, consequently, designing more effective intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work aims initially to conceptualize the principle of ne bis in idem (which is the prohibition of the processing, judgment and condemnation of a person two or more times for the same fact) and to demonstrate its applicability in the Brazilian legal system, even if it is not expressly provided for by law, since implementation is implicitly envisaged. In addition, it seeks to dispose of the wide application of the institute of recidivism, as an aggravating legal circumstance, in order to harm the defendant. Lastly, the aggravating party points out that it violates the principle of ne bis in idem, since the previous offense, which has already had a final and conclusive conviction, is again penalized for a second offense, since the aggravating circumstance implies an increase in sentence. It should be noted that the matter was analyzed and judged by the Supreme Court of Justice, in Extraordinary Appeal 453,000, in which the application of recidivism was considered constitutional. In this way, it also aims to present criticisms of this decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Suicide attempt (SA) repetition is considered one of the main risk factors for completed suicide. In spite of this, there is no previous research on this variable in children. The objective was to determine the factors and profiles associated with reattempted suicide in children aged less than 12 years., Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 120 reports (event code INS.356) of SA in children aged less than 12 years between 2018 and 2023 in the SIVIGILA surveillance system of Colombia. We carried out a bivariate logistic regression analysis to generate the best fitting risk factor model and a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to establish the possible SA recurrence profiles using the SPSS software, version 26., Results: Of the 120 cases analysed, 43 (35.8%) were reports of reattempted suicide. The best model for predicting risk factors for repeated SA included child maltreatment (OR, 6.22; P < .05), persistent suicidal ideation (PSI) (OR, 30.91; P < .001), a history of violence or sexual abuse (OR, 13.10; P < .05) and the use of sharp objects (OR, 46.45; P < .001). The MCA identified 3 profiles: "first SA" with poisoning as the attempt method and in absence of PSI, violence and abuse; "one previous SA" with the use of sharp objects and presence of PSI ; "two or more previous SAs" with a history of violence or sexual abuse, child maltreatment and hanging as the method., Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the impact of early life adversity (ELA) on children's mental health, so it is necessary to detect and prevent these types of abuse in order to reduce childhood suicide., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

El objetivo de este artículo es aproximarnos a la historia del gabinete antropométrico de la prisión Modelo de Barcelona entre 1895 y 1918. Será revisada la confluencia entre las nociones jurídicas, científicas y religiosas que los agentes correctores de la cárcel introdujeron en el gabinete, así como las discusiones, tensiones e interpretaciones que produjo su práctica. Para llevar a cabo este propósito la investigación girará en torno a las siguientes preguntas ¿cómo se consolidó la antropometría criminal en Barcelona? ¿Cuáles fueron las características de su proceso de apropiación? ¿las posturas vernáculas de los agentes correctores de la Modelo implicaron una transformación en el sistema antropométrico? y ¿cuáles fueron las consideraciones de los presos frente a este saber? Para responder estas preguntas, este artículo problematizará metodológicamente sobre las perspectivas enunciadas, primero, por la prensa local y los escritos de los representantes de la prisión Modelo, desde donde se interseccionó el ideal de prevención y corrección. Además, se hará un acercamiento a las experiencias escritas por los individuos antropometrizados, con las cuales se ofrecerá una constelación de representaciones microhistóricas y regresivas que develarán la criminalización del enemigo político, de las clases subalternas y el funcionamiento mismo del gabinete.

Objetivo: analisar fatores de risco para reincidência da tentativa de suicídio em pessoas atendidas na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento em Assis, SP, Brasil. Método: estudo quantitativo, participantes que tentaram o suicídio e atendidos na unidade referência. Entrevistas entre dezembro de 2017 e novembro de 2019. Divididos entre os que tentaram suicídio pela primeira vez e reincidentes. Utilizou-se teste Exato de Fisher, teste t-Student para duas amostras e Análise de Regressão Logística Múltipla. Resultados: 113 participantes, sendo 80 (70,8%) reincidentes, pois afirmaram histórico prévio de tentativa de suicídio e 33 (20,2%) ser a primeira vez. Conclusão: A faixa etária de 20 a 47 anos, a auto percepção de viver relações familiares negativas, a existência de transtorno mental, a existência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e pessoas sem histórico de tentativa de suicídio na família foram os fatores de risco com associação estatística para a ocorrência da reincidência da tentativa de suicídio.

Objective: This study sought to analyze psychosocial factors (sociodemographic characteristics, primary diagnosis, method of the attempt, cognition, and behavior) in relation to the number of suicide attempts in patients with a diagnosed mental illness who received care at Hospital Mental de Antioquia, from 2014 to 2016. We also had the objective of evaluating the associative relationship of such factors in recurrence per attempt. Methodology: Cross-sectional study that analyzes the abovementioned association in 248 people with diagnosed mental disorders. To this end, we first describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile; then, a multivariate logistic regression model is constructed to assess the association of psychosocial factors with the risk of recurrence per attempt. Results: The population was mainly young (12-20 years old) and female (62.9%), with a recurrence rate of 40%. Among the most relevant findings, there is a higher proportion of psychoactive substance use and low family/social support in patients with four episodes compared to those with one attempt. Predictors explaining the risk of suicide attempt recurrence were recurrent depression, little psychiatric follow-up, and the use of less lethal methods (wrist cutting). Conclusion: These results are key in the context of suicide prevention, as they identify factors that contribute to an increased number of suicide attempts and their recurrence, and they coincide with the time window for beginning surveillance of events in the Colombian system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Criminología, Criminalística y Seguridad Privada is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Criminologia Capitulo Nuevo Leon, A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work is to identify the evolution of criminal behavior throughout the life of a group of 824 women detained by the Chilean police for crimes of domestic violence in 2007. The design is pseudo prospective longitudinal, which allows its follow-up through 9 years, as if it corresponded to a prospective longitudinal study. Any new detention or complaint against them between the years 2007 and 2016 was considered a recidivism. The 60.6% of women reoffended accumulating a total of 2,583 crimes. The criminal trajectories of this population extended well beyond the age of 30, generating an elongated age/crime curve, given that an important part of these women continued committing crimes until they were 40 years old, moving away from the traditional way that the age/crime curve acquires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el presente artículo se hace una aproximación a la situación actual de la realidad carcelaria ecuatoriana, tomando las cifras existentes como base para demostrar que las soluciones planteadas no han tenido efectos positivos. Se analizan y evalúan los efectos de la política punitiva aplicada al delito más perpetrado en Ecuador, el robo, para determinar si existió, o no, incidencia entre lo ejecutado y la reducción de criminalidad respecto a este delito. De igual forma, se expone la necesidad de buscar soluciones distintas al punitivismo puro, utilizando como partida el fracaso de prisión y el análisis de un sistema alternativo de penas y sus efectos en una realidad comparada. En concreto, se toman en cuenta figuras alternativas a la pena privativa de libertad aplicables en la realidad española, como lo son: la suspensión condicional de la pena y el trabajo en beneficio de la comunidad. Se estudia el uso de estas figuras entre España y Ecuador, de manera que se pueden observar las principales diferencias en los márgenes legales de aplicación; y se hace una breve mención a los efectos que ellas han tenido en la realidad del país ibérico.

This study explains the relationship between psychopathy and recidivism, just as the type of (instrumental and/or expressive) agression more characteristic of psychopathy. The results obtained from a sample of 285 prisoners showed the existence of a relationship between psychopathy and risk of recidivism. This risk was higher in groups with moderate and high scores in psychopathy. In addition, our results show the association between psychopathy and both types of aggression, instrumental and expressive, and the stronger connection with moderate and high score groups in psychopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a meta-analytic study is proposed with the aim of determining the state of the art of the efficacy of treatment programs for gender aggressors across different variables. Doing so is relevant in view of the inconsistency in the results of previous meta-analyses and the proliferation of new intervention programs for gender aggressors. The results of general meta-analysis show a positive, though not significant, effect of the intervention. The analysis of moderating variables shows a positive, significant, and close-to-moderate effect size for interventions lasting fewer than 16 weeks/sessions (?w =.39) and follow-up periods greater than or equal to 12 months (δw =.38), and a positive, significant and moderate size for interventions using cognitive-behavioral therapy (δw =.57). However, along the same lines, as previous meta-analyses, no definite conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of this type of program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on penitentiary recidivism is an essential topic for the prevention of crime because, at the time of release, inmates with a high risk of committing crimes do not usually have the necessary tools to cope with the challenges of community life. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify criminal personality and psychopathological characteristics related to recidivism. The sample made up of 89 (n = 49 non-recidivists, n = 40 recidivists) inmates in a prison in Ecuador. The results showed that recidivist inmates, unlike non-recidivist inmates, present antisocial, borderline, and aggressive-sadistic personality, higher alcohol and drug dependence, and higher levels of physical aggression. From a criminal viewpoint, recidivist inmates commit more crimes against property; a larger proportion presented a history of juvenile delinquency and more disciplinary records in adult prison. Consequently, the results indicate the need to design and implement specific interventions to reduce recidivism in these offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental is the property of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado e Fundamental Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Feministas is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La adicción a las drogas es una enfermedad que ha afectado a la sociedad durante años, y de manera más directa a las familias, que son las que sufren las mayores consecuencias, en muchos casos fatales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar problemas de conducta y el nivel de resiliencia que tienen los pacientes que han recaido en la droga en las comunidades terapéuticas de la ciudad de Portoviejo durante el año 2019. La metodología aplicada fue descriptiva y exploratoria, con enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo. Se realizaron encuestas y test de resiliencia en sesenta pacientes de las cuatro comunidades terapéuticas de esta ciudad. También se realizó una entrevista a los cuatro psicólogos clínicos de estas instituciones. Estas técnicas revelaron que los niveles de resiliencia de los pacientes estudiados están entre el promedio y el alto, y los directores de los centros terapéuticos han identificado sus cambios de comportamiento. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron la necesidad de llevar a cabo acciones que contribuyan a mejorar la conducta de estos pacientes y permitan su recuperación, lo que se puede lograr con una terapia adecuada.

El porcentaje de resocialización en el sistema carcelario y penitenciario Colombiano es muy bajo, por tal razón esta investigación buscó ilustrar alternativas para llegar a niveles sobresaliente de rehabilitación del penado, pero también vislumbró las grandes falencias que atraviesa el sistema, como el hacinamiento y la precaria infraestructura existente, además de analizar el sistema P.A.S.O, el estudio hermenéutico realizado a la ley 65 de 1993 y la revisión bibliográfica e histórica sobre la evolución de la pena en Colombia y sus fines demuestra que en materia de reeducación penitenciaria el Estado está en deuda pues no hay grandes avances en esta materia, por otra parte este manuscrito es uno de los primero en su clase, realizando un estudio minucioso de los diferentes factores que impiden la reinserción social consecuencialmente este estudio aporta actualidad de la situación carcelaria del país y posibles soluciones.

Introducción: Según la Organización Panamericana de Salud, la incidencia de cáncer va en aumento. Entre los cánceres más prevalentes en Antioquia (Colombia), se destacan el de pulmón, colorrectal, mama, próstata y estómago. Objetivo: Describir los cambios en el estilo de vida, de las personas que presentan recurrencia o un segundo diagnóstico de cáncer. Métodos: Se estudiaron datos sociodemográficos, tipo de cáncer, tanto primario como secundario, antecedentes personales y familiares, cambios en actividad física, horas de sueño, consumo de cigarrillo y licor. Resultados: El primer diagnóstico de "otros tipos de cáncer" fue el más común. El antecedente más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial, en casi 50 % de los sujetos. Tras un primer diagnóstico de cáncer, tanto la práctica de actividad física, como el hábito de fumar y el consumo de alcohol, se redujeron de manera notoria en ambos sexos. En relación a la presencia de cáncer y los hábitos poco saludables, 28,1 % de los hombres que reportaron ser fumadores, presentaron cáncer de próstata, donde el 25,8 % tomaba licor. Conclusiones: Se observaron cambios destacados en los estilos de vida, en lo relacionado con el hábito de fumar, el cual disminuyó, al igual que el consumo de licor. Como aspecto negativo se observa la reducción en la práctica de actividad física y las horas dedicadas al sueño.

Copyright of International Annals of Criminology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Com base nas evidências internacionais disponíveis, o artigo discute as possibilidades de utilização da justiça restaurativa em prisões para encontros entre condenados e vítimas. O tema é especialmente relevante no Brasil diante do atual cenário de carência de programas de tratamento penal e da ausência de uma política pública mais ampla que estimule a desistência do crime. O artigo sintetiza as conclusões de estudos de revisão e agrega dados sobre três programas desenvolvidos em prisões estadunidenses e inglesas (Victim Offender Education Group, Bridges to Life e Sycamore Tree).

Copyright of Derecho Penal y Criminologia is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departamento de Derecho Penal y Criminologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)