9 results on '"Reinap B"'
Search Results
2. Variations of Bacteroides fragilis with in Vitro Passage: Presence of an Outer Membrane-Associated Glycan and Loss of Capsular Antigen
- Author
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Kasper, D. L., primary, Onderdonk, A. B., additional, Reinap, B. G., additional, and Lindberg, A. A., additional
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. Isolation and Identification of Encapsulated Strains of Bacteroides fragilis
- Author
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Kasper, D. L., primary, Hayes, M. E., additional, Reinap, B. G., additional, Craft, F. O., additional, Onderdonk, A. B., additional, and Polk, B. F., additional
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Immunochemical characterization of polysaccharide antigens from six clinical strains of Enterococci
- Author
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Huebner Johannes, Mourelatos Zafiria, Reinap Barbara, Ganong Amanda L, Hsu Carolyn T, and Wang Julia Y
- Subjects
Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Enterococci have become major nosocomial pathogens due to their intrinsic and acquired resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Their increasing drug resistance prompts us to search for prominent antigens to develop vaccines against enterococci. Given the success of polysaccharide-based vaccines against various bacterial pathogens, we isolated and characterized the immunochemical properties of polysaccharide antigens from five strains of Enterococcus faecalis and one strain of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. Results We cultured large batches of each strain, isolated sufficient quantities of polysaccharides, analyzed their chemical structures, and compared their antigenic specificity. Three classes of polysaccharides were isolated from each strain, including a polyglucan, a teichoic acid, and a heteroglycan composed of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannosamine, and glucosamine. The polyglucans from all six strains are identical and appear to be dextran. Yields of the teichoic acids were generally low. The most abundant polysaccharides are the heteroglycans. The six heteroglycans are structurally different as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy. They also differ in their antigenic specificities as revealed by competitive ELISA. The heteroglycans are not immunogenic by themselves but conjugation to protein carriers significantly enhanced their ability to induce antibodies. Conclusion The six clinical strains of enterococci express abundant, strain-specific cell-surface heteroglycans. These polysaccharides may provide a molecular basis for serological typing of enterococcal strains and antigens for the development of vaccines against multi-drug resistant enterococci. more...
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylases of Bacteroides fragilis and their prevalence in bacteria.
- Author
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Coyne MJ, Fletcher CM, Reinap B, and Comstock LE
- Subjects
- Bacteroides fragilis metabolism, Blotting, Western, Carboxy-Lyases genetics, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Computational Biology, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Genome, Bacterial genetics, Polysaccharides, Bacterial metabolism, Xylose metabolism, Bacteroides fragilis enzymology, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism
- Abstract
Xylose is rarely described as a component of bacterial glycans. UDP-xylose is the nucleotide-activated form necessary for incorporation of xylose into glycans and is synthesized by the decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA). Enzymes with UDP-GlcA decarboxylase activity include those that lead to the formation of UDP-xylose as the end product (Uxs type) and those synthesizing UDP-xylose as an intermediate (ArnA and RsU4kpxs types). In this report, we identify and confirm the activities of two Uxs-type UDP-GlcA decarboxylases of Bacteroides fragilis, designated BfUxs1 and BfUxs2. Bfuxs1 is located in a conserved region of the B. fragilis genome, whereas Bfuxs2 is in the heterogeneous capsular polysaccharide F (PSF) biosynthesis locus. Deletion of either gene separately does not result in the loss of a detectable phenotype, but deletion of both genes abrogates PSF synthesis, strongly suggesting that they are functional paralogs and that the B. fragilis NCTC 9343 PSF repeat unit contains xylose. UDP-GlcA decarboxylases are often annotated incorrectly as NAD-dependent epimerases/dehydratases; therefore, their prevalence in bacteria is underappreciated. Using available structural and mutational data, we devised a sequence pattern to detect bacterial genes encoding UDP-GlcA decarboxylase activity. We identified 826 predicted UDP-GlcA decarboxylase enzymes in diverse bacterial species, with the ArnA and RsU4kpxs types confined largely to proteobacterial species. These data suggest that xylose, or a monosaccharide requiring a UDP-xylose intermediate, is more prevalent in bacterial glycans than previously appreciated. Genes encoding BfUxs1-like enzymes are highly conserved in Bacteroides species, indicating that these abundant intestinal microbes may synthesize a conserved xylose-containing glycan. more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Cellular and humoral immunity are synergistic in protection against types A and B Francisella tularensis.
- Author
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Sebastian S, Pinkham JT, Lynch JG, Ross RA, Reinap B, Blalock LT, Conlan JW, and Kasper DL
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Vaccines administration & dosage, Bacterial Vaccines genetics, Francisella tularensis classification, Francisella tularensis genetics, Immunity, Cellular, Injections, Intradermal, Liver pathology, Lung microbiology, Lung pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Tularemia microbiology, Tularemia mortality, Vaccines, Attenuated administration & dosage, Vaccines, Attenuated immunology, Antibody Formation, Bacterial Vaccines immunology, Francisella tularensis immunology, Tularemia immunology, Tularemia prevention & control
- Abstract
Herein we report studies with a novel combination vaccine that, when administered to mice, conferred protection against highly virulent strains of Francisella tularensis by stimulating both arms of the immune system. Our earlier studies with Ft.LVS::wbtA, an O-polysaccharide (OPS)-negative mutant derived from the available live vaccine strain of F. tularensis (Ft.LVS), elucidated the role of antibodies to the OPS - a key virulence determinant - in protection against virulent type A organisms. However, when expressed on the organism, the OPS enhances virulence. In contrast, in purified form, the OPS is completely benign. We hypothesized that a novel combination vaccine containing both a component that induces humoral immunity and a component that induces cellular immunity to this intracellular microbe would have an enhanced protective capacity over either component alone and would be much safer than the LVS vaccine. Thus we developed a combination vaccine containing both OPS (supplied in an OPS-tetanus toxoid glycoconjugate) to induce a humoral antibody response and strain Ft.LVS::wbtA (which is markedly attenuated by its lack of OPS) to induce a cell-mediated protective response. This vaccine protected mice against otherwise-lethal intranasal and intradermal challenge with wild-type F. tularensis strains Schu S4 (type A) and FSC 108 (type B). These results represent a significant advance in our understanding of immunity to F. tularensis and provide important insight into the development of a safer vaccine effective against infections caused by clinical type A and B strains of F. tularensis. more...
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Immunochemical characterization of polysaccharide antigens from six clinical strains of Enterococci.
- Author
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Hsu CT, Ganong AL, Reinap B, Mourelatos Z, Huebner J, and Wang JY
- Subjects
- Enterococcus faecalis chemistry, Enterococcus faecalis classification, Enterococcus faecium chemistry, Enterococcus faecium classification, Immunochemistry, Protein Binding, Antigens, Bacterial chemistry, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Enterococcus faecalis immunology, Enterococcus faecium immunology, Polysaccharides, Bacterial chemistry, Polysaccharides, Bacterial immunology
- Abstract
Background: Enterococci have become major nosocomial pathogens due to their intrinsic and acquired resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Their increasing drug resistance prompts us to search for prominent antigens to develop vaccines against enterococci. Given the success of polysaccharide-based vaccines against various bacterial pathogens, we isolated and characterized the immunochemical properties of polysaccharide antigens from five strains of Enterococcus faecalis and one strain of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium., Results: We cultured large batches of each strain, isolated sufficient quantities of polysaccharides, analyzed their chemical structures, and compared their antigenic specificity. Three classes of polysaccharides were isolated from each strain, including a polyglucan, a teichoic acid, and a heteroglycan composed of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannosamine, and glucosamine. The polyglucans from all six strains are identical and appear to be dextran. Yields of the teichoic acids were generally low. The most abundant polysaccharides are the heteroglycans. The six heteroglycans are structurally different as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy. They also differ in their antigenic specificities as revealed by competitive ELISA. The heteroglycans are not immunogenic by themselves but conjugation to protein carriers significantly enhanced their ability to induce antibodies., Conclusion: The six clinical strains of enterococci express abundant, strain-specific cell-surface heteroglycans. These polysaccharides may provide a molecular basis for serological typing of enterococcal strains and antigens for the development of vaccines against multi-drug resistant enterococci. more...
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Human symbionts use a host-like pathway for surface fucosylation.
- Author
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Coyne MJ, Reinap B, Lee MM, and Comstock LE
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Animals, Bacterial Capsules biosynthesis, Bacterial Capsules chemistry, Bacterial Proteins biosynthesis, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Bacteroides fragilis enzymology, Bacteroides fragilis genetics, Bacteroides fragilis growth & development, Culture Media, Feces microbiology, Gene Deletion, Genes, Bacterial, Glycoproteins biosynthesis, Guanosine Diphosphate metabolism, Guanosine Triphosphate metabolism, Humans, Hydro-Lyases genetics, Hydro-Lyases metabolism, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Mice, Molecular Mimicry, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) genetics, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) metabolism, Bacterial Capsules metabolism, Bacteroides fragilis metabolism, Fucose metabolism, Glycoproteins metabolism, Intestines microbiology, Symbiosis
- Abstract
The mammalian intestine harbors a beneficial microbiota numbering approximately 10(12) organisms per gram of colonic content. The host tolerates this tremendous bacterial load while maintaining the ability to efficiently respond to pathogenic organisms. In this study, we show that the Bacteroides use a mammalian-like pathway to decorate numerous surface capsular polysaccharides and glycoproteins with l-fucose, an abundant surface molecule of intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in the coordinated expression of this surface molecule by host and symbiont. A Bacteroides mutant deficient in the ability to cover its surface with L-fucose is defective in colonizing the mammalian intestine under competitive conditions. more...
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of glycoconjugate vaccines against group B Streptococcus types VI and VIII.
- Author
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Paoletti LC, Pinel J, Johnson KD, Reinap B, Ross RA, and Kasper DL
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial biosynthesis, Antibody Formation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G biosynthesis, Mice, Mice, Inbred ICR, Polysaccharides, Bacterial immunology, Pregnancy, Rabbits, Streptococcal Infections prevention & control, Streptococcus agalactiae classification, Streptococcus agalactiae isolation & purification, Tetanus Toxoid immunology, Bacterial Vaccines immunology, Streptococcal Infections immunology, Streptococcus agalactiae immunology, Vaccines, Conjugate immunology
- Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) types VI and VIII are prevalent among serotypes isolated from pregnant women in Japan. Maternal vaccination with a safe and effective GBS vaccine has been proposed as a rational approach to prevent neonatal GBS disease. Because antibody specific for the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigens of GBS is protective, vaccines were developed with purified type VI and VIII CPS coupled to tetanus toxoid. In rabbits the newly synthesized conjugate vaccines elicited high-titered, type-specific antibody that was opsonically active in vitro. Moreover, litters born to mice actively vaccinated with the conjugate vaccines, in contrast to uncoupled CPS or saline, were protected against an ordinarily lethal challenge of GBS of homologous serotype. GBS types VI and VIII conjugate vaccines of the design presented may be important components of a multivalent GBS vaccine for use in regions where these serotypes predominate. more...
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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