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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and obesity are conditions that are gaining importance due to the high prevalence and influence on individuals’ health. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare polysomnographic variables among Ob- structive Sleep Apnea (OSA) patients classified as eutrophic, overweight or obese. Eighty eight patients were evaluated divided in eutrophic (EG; n=21; BMI=23.4±1.3kg/m2), overweight (OWG; n=34; BMI=27.5±1.4kg/m2) and obese group (OG; n=33; BMI=33.6±2.9kg/m2) that carried out all-night basal polysomnography for the diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The following variables were analyzed: stages 1, 2 and 3 of sleep (N1, N2 and N3), REM sleep, index peri- odic movements of the lower limbs (PLMS), apnea and hypopnea (AHI), AHI in REM sleep (AHIREM) and micro-arousal rates (MAR). The OG presented an increase of the N2 (p=0,036), of the AHIREM (p=0.001) and of the MAR (p=0.004), in comparison to EG. The AHI was larger in the OG than in the EG (p

Introduction The use of non-invasive ventilation in the form of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is among the main therapeutic options for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Yet the effects of CPAP obtained on the first night of use are underreported. Objective To evaluate the acute effects of CPAP on polysomnographic variables in patients with OSA. Materials and methods This study is a case series with 31 patients (55.8 ± 11.4 years; 22 men) in the initial phase of CPAP treatment. The subjects were evaluated by means of polysomnography with and without CPAP (10.2 ± 3.1 cmH2O) and without CPAP, on different days, by means of the following variables: sleep stages 1, 2 and 3 (N1, N2 and N3), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, apnea and hypopnea index (AHI), AHI in REM sleep (AHIREM) and the micro-arousal index (MAI). Results The use of CPAP resulted in a reduction of N2 (p < 0.001), AHI (p < 0.001), AHIREM (p < 0.001) and MAI (p = 0.001). There was an increase in N3 (p = 0.006) and REM sleep (p < 0.001) during the night with use of CPAP. Conclusion This study demonstrated that, from the first night of use by patients with OSA, CPAP promotes greater balance between sleep phases, and improves sleep quality. These results should be presented to patients and their families in order to encourage greater adherence in the initial phase of treatment with CPAP.