Search

Libraries have traditionally fulfilled an important and unique role in aggregating and preserving newspapers from all regions of the world. European and American research libraries have thus guaranteed survival of a rich cultural and historical record of all world regions. Online ‘newspapers’ and electronic aggregation of news content have changed the way news is distributed and used, and rendered the established model for preservation ineffective. The availability to future researchers of much of today's news content is thus imperiled. The problem can be surmounted by new paradigms for preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Center for Research Libraries (CRL) in Chicago, Illinois is a cooperative framework for building and managing resources for advanced scholarly research. More concretely, the Center is a consortium of about 200 North American research libraries, most of them academic. CRL collects and builds resources for advanced research in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences, and makes them available to scholars through member libraries. This paper stems from three studies undertaken in connection with an analysis of CRL's own cooperative model: Cooperative Collection Development, Cooperative Print Management, and Cooperative Web Archiving.

An efficient synthesis of 6‐oxo‐1,2,3,4,5,7,12,12b‐octahydroindolo[2,3‐α]quinolizine from 2‐acetylpyridine and phenylhydrazine is described. This derivative of the natural alkaloid desbromoarborescidine A is an important entry point to the sarpagine‐vobasine family of plant alkaloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past, in an analog world, libraries--to meet their informational responsibilities--preserved newspapers in analog form and on microfilm. With the emergence of digital technologies, preservation has evolved, and so has the creation of news. These evolutions have challenged libraries to meet their old (and ongoing) responsibilities, and they have faced this challenge by continuing to think of news in the old way: as a commodity to be captured and stored as they have always done it, by themselves, in traditional ways. Today news is not as static as it once was: a version produced for a morning audience; another, modified, for an afternoon or evening audience; each discrete and preservable by itself. News is fluid: it is created and grows as it emerges; and the news media let the information evolve as it evolves in real time. Capturing and preserving this new kind of resource forces libraries and other news-preservation agencies to rethink the old models of operation. Preservation of the news should be done with a new model of cooperation, as the present essay explains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how Japanese law does not criminalize active Yakuza membership in the country despite foreign designations as of December 2014. Topics discussed include increased liability for criminal acts by Yakuza members, Yakuza's role in Japan, laws criminalizing organized crime membership in the U.S. and Italy; and Yakuza's reactions and adaptations to the law.

Purpose – The history of the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) during the last decade is one of adaptation and innovation, driven by the need to keep pace with a rapidly changing world. CRL is a cooperative collection development enterprise, created in the age of print. Today we are confronting entirely new paradigms of information exchange and access brought about by digital media and the internet. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the past decade has been a time of re-engineering CRL services, re-orienting operations, and forming partnerships to put vital new capabilities at the disposal of academic and independent research libraries in the CRL community. In short, it is a narrative of how one organization recast its role from a centralized repository to a collection development and preservation community. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a study of the changing roles of collection-building consortia based on the ten-year recent history of CRL. Findings – To ensure the survival of primary source collections, consortia must pursue a strategy that seems counter-intuitive in today’s “just in time” world: a strategy not based solely on current interest and demand. Collection-building efforts like CRL must act on behalf of future generations of researchers and stakeholders, or abdicate their responsibility as stewards of knowledge. Originality/value – The paper gives a perspective on the appropriate roles of library consortia and repositories in the current research libraries sector, vis-a` -vis preservation, collection development. Keywords Repositories, Cultural evidence, Purchasing groups, Research libraries Paper type Case study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium ions are essential to all living cells. As the second most abundant intracellular cation, magnesium has a crucial role in fundamental metabolic processes such as DNA and protein synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, enzyme function, ion channel regulation, and neuromuscular excitability. After presenting an overview of magnesium homeostasis, we review the etiologies of hypomagnesemia, with an emphasis on hereditary causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography of Congregation of St. Basil priest Father Armand Augustine Meaurer is presented. He was born in 1915 in Rochester, New York and studied at the Aquinas Institute High School. As a student at the St. Michael's College of the University of Toronto, he became friends with the Congregation of St. BAsil priests running the college and after graduating with honors and finishing his graduate studies, he entered the Congregation of St. Basil as novitiate. In 1945 he was ordained as priest and was given the License in Mediaeval Studies.

Gadolinium chelates are commonly used to improve tissue contrast in MRI. Until recently the use of gadolinium was thought to be risk-free compared with alternative contrast agents. Recent studies, however, have raised serious concerns regarding the safety of gadolinium chelates. Although safe in patients with normal kidney function, administration of these agents in people with renal dysfunction can result in up to three clinical problems that the nephrologist should be familiar with. The first is nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), which was initially observed in 1997. Although manifesting primarily in skin, NSF can also cause systemic fibrosis, leading to disabling contractures and even death. Gadodiamide is the agent that has been most frequently associated with NSF, but other chelates might also pose a risk. The second clinical problem is that gadolinium chelates cause acute kidney injury, especially at high doses required for angiography. The third problem is that several laboratory artifacts are associated with gadolinium administration, with pseudohypocalcemia being the most important. The risk of a patient experiencing all three of these complications increases as renal function declines. In light of these problems, nephrologists need to re-evaluate the risks and benefits of gadolinium administration in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 or greater, as well as in those with acute kidney injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than half of patients with acute renal failure in the intensive care unit require dialysis, and the majority of them have significant hemodynamic instability. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is often the preferred dialysis modality in these patients. One requirement for CRRT is anticoagulation, which can expose patients to the risk of bleeding. However, absence of effective anticoagulation may result in clotting of the CRRT circuit and subsequently less effective treatment. While heparins are widely used for anticoagulation, because of potential side effects such as bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, alternative anticoagulation protocols should be considered. Citrate anticoagulation, regional heparin/protamine, predilution, r-hirudin, prostacyclin, and nafamostat are among these methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Aims to provide a background to the Center for Research Libraries (CRL)'s Preserving America's Print Resources (PAPR) initiative. Design/methodology/approach – Describes the CRL conference and planning event, entitled "Preserving America's print resources: toward a national strategic effort", held in Chicago, July 2003 and highlights some of the programs on which the CRL are working. Findings – Affirms the CRL's role of "convening" and facilitating strategic action by the major North American research libraries and libraries of last resort to enable the community to move deliberatively and safely away from excessive redundancy in its print holdings. The goal is to enable North American libraries to act in concert, to make the best use of scarce resources, and to provide for scholars of the future the most rich and diverse pool of knowledge possible. Originality/value – Promoting the worthy goal of enabling North American libraries to act in concert, to make the best use of scarce resources, and to provide for scholars of the future the most rich and diverse pool of knowledge possible is central to the Center's mission. The PAPR conference reaffirmed the importance of this role for the years ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a report from the conference Preserving America's Printed Resources: The Roles of Repositories, Depositories, and Collections of Record, organized by the Center for Research Libraries. This was a two-part event held in Chicago, 21-22 July 2003, and this report summarizes the second part, which was an extended discussion on the theme of repositories and collections of record, asking "How can libraries work together to optimize management of the nation's knowledge resources in printed form?" The intended outcome of the discussion was to be an agenda consisting of realistic near- and long-term national-level actions, and identifying the appropriate participants in those activities and the roles those participants might play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Librarians have a responsibility to assess as precisely as possible the risks we take in cooperative collection development activity, and to put in place measures that will minimize that risk. As cooperative development programs are planned and designed, they should be supported with instruments that clearly define the nature and duration of the obligations and benefits of participation in those activities. Second, because of the stake that the larger community holds in the success of individual cooperative collection development efforts, the precise terms of those agreements should he published or made as widely known as possible, along with all referenced documents and specifications. Risk management is likely to become increasingly important in librarians' everyday work as managers of information and knowledge resources, and in their preservation role as well. Good practice in this realm of activity and the resultant transparency can reduce risk to the investments of the entire community by providing a basis for making informed decisions about development and preservation of every library's collections and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual libraries will find that devoting scarce resources to preserving massive and heavily redundant holdings of printed materials will become untenable. Given the scale of the print corpus, long-term preservation of even the most important research materials will have to be a cooperative effort. In the past there have been many obstacles to collective action, including inadequate infrastructure, high costs, and traditional notions of ownership. New approaches to managing resources, however, brought about by networked technology and practices in the global energy and natural resource sectors, might make cooperative effort more plausible than in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cost of an average outpatient visit to a physician at a Veterans Administration hospital in 1976 was estimated from hospital records to have been $80.35 ($104.46 in 1979 dollars). When productivity was used to measure relative cost, cost per visit ranged from a low of $32.66 (1979: $42.46) for hypertension clinic to a high of $243.48 (1979; $316.52) for hematology clinic. The average patient was seen 12.6 times annually at a cost of $1012 (1979: $1315). The major cost category for a physician visit was salaries, with nonphysician salaries costing twice as much as physician salaries. The cost of medical equipment was minimal. The findings suggest that the outpatient bookkeeping system was inadequate for cost accounting, the cost per visit was expensive, there were an excessive number of visits, and problems in the institutional delivery system of ambulatory care lowered productivity of physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economists who write about advertising may be classified into three categories. There are those who argue that it is a wasteful activity leading to extra consumption of surplus products in an irrational economy. Then there are the business economists. They hold for little restraint on advertising and their points, such as good market information for consumers, are equally persuasive. The majority of academic economists are in the middle. They recognize the social benefits of advertising and the social problems it may generate, but they hedge their comments. It is important, however, to examine an institution like advertising since it is regarded as a legitimate cost of doing business. As such a cost, 48 per cent of advertising expenditure can be deducted from the firm's gross profits in calculating corporate income tax liability. The removal of this tax advantage would almost double the cost of advertising.