36 results on '"Reiertsen, Tone Kristin"'
Search Results
2. Year-round distribution of Northeast Atlantic seabird populations : applications for population management and marine spatial planning
- Author
-
Fauchald, Per, Tarroux, Arnaud, Amélineau, Françoise, Bråthen, Vegard Sandøy, Descamps, Sébastien, Ekker, Morten, Helgason, Halfdan Helgi, Johansen, Malin Kjellstadli, Merkel, Benjamin, Moe, Børge, Åström, Jens, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Bjørnstad, Oskar, Chastel, Olivier, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dehnhard, Nina, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ezhov, Alexey, Gavrilo, Maria, Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor, Hansen, Erpur Snær, Harris, Mike, Helberg, Morten, Jónsson, Jón Einar, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Krasnov, Yuri, Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Lorentzen, Erlend, Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Systad, Geir Helge, Thompson, Paul, Thórarinsson, Thorkell Lindberg, Wanless, Sarah, Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna, and Strøm, Hallvard
- Published
- 2021
3. The relationship between daily behavior, hormones, and a color dimorphism in a seabird under natural continuous light
- Author
-
Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Tigano, Anna, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Goymann, Wolfgang, Jenni-Eiermann, Susanne, Moum, Truls, and Reiertsen, Tone Kristin
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Seasonal variation of mercury contamination in Arctic seabirds: A pan-Arctic assessment
- Author
-
Albert, Céline, Helgason, Hálfdán Helgi, Brault-Favrou, Maud, Robertson, Gregory J., Descamps, Sébastien, Amélineau, Françoise, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Dietz, Rune, Elliott, Kyle, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Eulaers, Igor, Ezhov, Alexey, Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Gavrilo, Maria, Golubova, Elena, Grémillet, David, Hatch, Scott, Huffeldt, Nicholas P., Jakubas, Dariusz, Kitaysky, Alexander, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Krasnov, Yuri, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Lorentzen, Erlend, Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, Benjamin, Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Montevecchi, William, Mosbech, Anders, Olsen, Bergur, Orben, Rachael A., Patterson, Allison, Provencher, Jennifer, Plumejeaud, Christine, Pratte, Isabeau, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Renner, Heather, Rojek, Nora, Romano, Marc, Strøm, Hallvard, Systad, Geir Helge, Takahashi, Akinori, Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste, Thórarinsson, Thorkell Lindberg, Will, Alexis P., Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna, Bustamante, Paco, and Fort, Jérôme
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Temperature synchronizes temporal variation in laying dates across European hole-nesting passerines
- Author
-
Vriend, Stefan J. G., Grotan, Vidar, Gamelon, Marlene, Adriaensen, Frank, Ahola, Markus P., Alvarez, Elena, Bailey, Liam D., Barba, Emilio, Bouvier, Jean-Charles, Burgess, Malcolm D., Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Canal, David, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella F., Cusimano, Camillo, Doligez, Blandine F., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Eeva, Tapio, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ferns, Peter N., Goodenough, Anne E., Hartley, Ian R., Hinsley, Shelley A., Ivankina, Elena, Juskaitis, Rimvydas, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar B., Kalas, John Atle, Lavigne, Claire, Leivits, Agu, Mainwaring, Mark C., Martinez-Padilla, Jesus, Matthysen, Erik, van Oers, Kees, Orell, Markku, Pinxten, Rianne, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rytkonen, Seppo, Senar, Juan Carlos, Sheldon, Ben C., Sorace, Alberto, Torok, Janos, Vatka, Emma, Visser, Marcel E., Saether, Bernt-Erik, Vriend, Stefan J. G., Grotan, Vidar, Gamelon, Marlene, Adriaensen, Frank, Ahola, Markus P., Alvarez, Elena, Bailey, Liam D., Barba, Emilio, Bouvier, Jean-Charles, Burgess, Malcolm D., Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Canal, David, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella F., Cusimano, Camillo, Doligez, Blandine F., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Eeva, Tapio, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ferns, Peter N., Goodenough, Anne E., Hartley, Ian R., Hinsley, Shelley A., Ivankina, Elena, Juskaitis, Rimvydas, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar B., Kalas, John Atle, Lavigne, Claire, Leivits, Agu, Mainwaring, Mark C., Martinez-Padilla, Jesus, Matthysen, Erik, van Oers, Kees, Orell, Markku, Pinxten, Rianne, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rytkonen, Seppo, Senar, Juan Carlos, Sheldon, Ben C., Sorace, Alberto, Torok, Janos, Vatka, Emma, Visser, Marcel E., and Saether, Bernt-Erik
- Abstract
Identifying the environmental drivers of variation in fitness-related traits is a central objective in ecology and evolutionary biology. Temporal fluctuations of these environmental drivers are often synchronized at large spatial scales. Yet, whether synchronous environmental conditions can generate spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values (i.e., correlated temporal trait fluctuations across populations) is poorly understood. Using data from long-term monitored populations of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus, n = 31), great tits (Parus major, n = 35), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca, n = 20) across Europe, we assessed the influence of two local climatic variables (mean temperature and mean precipitation in February-May) on spatial synchrony in three fitness-related traits: laying date, clutch size, and fledgling number. We found a high degree of spatial synchrony in laying date but a lower degree in clutch size and fledgling number for each species. Temperature strongly influenced spatial synchrony in laying date for resident blue tits and great tits but not for migratory pied flycatchers. This is a relevant finding in the context of environmental impacts on populations because spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values among populations may influence fluctuations in vital rates or population abundances. If environmentally induced spatial synchrony in fitness-related traits increases the spatial synchrony in vital rates or population abundances, this will ultimately increase the risk of extinction for populations and species. Assessing how environmental conditions influence spatiotemporal variation in trait values improves our mechanistic understanding of environmental impacts on populations.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Temperature synchronizes temporal variation in laying dates across European hole‐nesting passerines
- Author
-
Vriend, Stefan J.G., Grøtan, Vidar, Gamelon, Marlène, Adriaensen, Frank, Ahola, Markus P., Álvarez, Elena, Bailey, Liam D., Barba, Emilio, Bouvier, Jean‐Charles, Burgess, Malcolm D., Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Canal, David, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella F., Cusimano, Camillo, Doligez, Blandine F., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Eeva, Tapio, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ferns, Peter N., Goodenough, Anne E., Hartley, Ian R., Hinsley, Shelley A., Ivankina, Elena, Juškaitis, Rimvydas, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar B., Kålås, John Atle, Lavigne, Claire, Leivits, Agu, Mainwaring, Mark C., Martínez‐Padilla, Jesús, Matthysen, Erik, van Oers, Kees, Orell, Markku, Pinxten, Rianne, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rytkönen, Seppo, Senar, Juan Carlos, Sheldon, Ben C., Sorace, Alberto, Török, János, Vatka, Emma, Visser, Marcel E., Sæther, Bernt‐Erik, Vriend, Stefan J.G., Grøtan, Vidar, Gamelon, Marlène, Adriaensen, Frank, Ahola, Markus P., Álvarez, Elena, Bailey, Liam D., Barba, Emilio, Bouvier, Jean‐Charles, Burgess, Malcolm D., Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Canal, David, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella F., Cusimano, Camillo, Doligez, Blandine F., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Eeva, Tapio, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ferns, Peter N., Goodenough, Anne E., Hartley, Ian R., Hinsley, Shelley A., Ivankina, Elena, Juškaitis, Rimvydas, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar B., Kålås, John Atle, Lavigne, Claire, Leivits, Agu, Mainwaring, Mark C., Martínez‐Padilla, Jesús, Matthysen, Erik, van Oers, Kees, Orell, Markku, Pinxten, Rianne, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rytkönen, Seppo, Senar, Juan Carlos, Sheldon, Ben C., Sorace, Alberto, Török, János, Vatka, Emma, Visser, Marcel E., and Sæther, Bernt‐Erik
- Abstract
Identifying the environmental drivers of variation in fitness-related traits is a central objective in ecology and evolutionary biology. Temporal fluctuations of these environmental drivers are often synchronized at large spatial scales. Yet, whether synchronous environmental conditions can generate spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values (i.e., correlated temporal trait fluctuations across populations) is poorly understood. Using data from long-term monitored populations of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus, n = 31), great tits (Parus major, n = 35), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca, n = 20) across Europe, we assessed the influence of two local climatic variables (mean temperature and mean precipitation in February–May) on spatial synchrony in three fitness-related traits: laying date, clutch size, and fledgling number. We found a high degree of spatial synchrony in laying date but a lower degree in clutch size and fledgling number for each species. Temperature strongly influenced spatial synchrony in laying date for resident blue tits and great tits but not for migratory pied flycatchers. This is a relevant finding in the context of environmental impacts on populations because spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values among populations may influence fluctuations in vital rates or population abundances. If environmentally induced spatial synchrony in fitness-related traits increases the spatial synchrony in vital rates or population abundances, this will ultimately increase the risk of extinction for populations and species. Assessing how environmental conditions influence spatiotemporal variation in trait values improves our mechanistic understanding of environmental impacts on populations.
- Published
- 2023
7. Temperature synchronizes temporal variation in laying dates across European hole-nesting passerines
- Author
-
Norwegian Research Council, University of Antwerp, Research Foundation - Flanders, Norwegian Environment Agency, Max Planck Society, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Swedish Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), National Science Centre (Poland), Observatoire de Recherche Montpelliérain de l'Environnement (France), Russian Science Foundation, Camacho, Carlos [0000-0002-9704-5816], Canal, David [0000-0003-2875-2987], Martínez-Padilla, Jesús [0000-0003-2956-5163], Vriend, Stefan J. G., Grøtan, Vidar, Gamelon, Marlène, Adriaensen, Frank, Ahola, Markus P., Álvarez, Elena, Bailey, Liam D., Barba, Emilio, Bouvier, Jean-Charles, Burgess, Malcolm D., Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Canal, David, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella F., Cusimano, Camillo, Doligez, Blandine F., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Eeva, Tapio, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ferns, Peter N., Goodenough, Anne E., Hartley, Ian R., Hinsley, Shelley A., Ivankina, Elena, Juškaitis, Rimvydas, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar B., Kålås, John Atle, Lavigne, Claire, Leivits, Agu, Mainwaring, Mark C., Martínez-Padilla, Jesús, Matthysen, Erik, Oers, Kees van, Orell, Markku, Pinxten, Rianne, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rytkönen, Seppo, Senar, Juan Carlos, Sheldon, Ben C., Sorace, Alberto, Török, János, Vatka, Emma, Visser, Marcel E., Sæther, Bernt-Erik, Norwegian Research Council, University of Antwerp, Research Foundation - Flanders, Norwegian Environment Agency, Max Planck Society, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Swedish Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), National Science Centre (Poland), Observatoire de Recherche Montpelliérain de l'Environnement (France), Russian Science Foundation, Camacho, Carlos [0000-0002-9704-5816], Canal, David [0000-0003-2875-2987], Martínez-Padilla, Jesús [0000-0003-2956-5163], Vriend, Stefan J. G., Grøtan, Vidar, Gamelon, Marlène, Adriaensen, Frank, Ahola, Markus P., Álvarez, Elena, Bailey, Liam D., Barba, Emilio, Bouvier, Jean-Charles, Burgess, Malcolm D., Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Canal, David, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella F., Cusimano, Camillo, Doligez, Blandine F., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Eeva, Tapio, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ferns, Peter N., Goodenough, Anne E., Hartley, Ian R., Hinsley, Shelley A., Ivankina, Elena, Juškaitis, Rimvydas, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar B., Kålås, John Atle, Lavigne, Claire, Leivits, Agu, Mainwaring, Mark C., Martínez-Padilla, Jesús, Matthysen, Erik, Oers, Kees van, Orell, Markku, Pinxten, Rianne, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rytkönen, Seppo, Senar, Juan Carlos, Sheldon, Ben C., Sorace, Alberto, Török, János, Vatka, Emma, Visser, Marcel E., and Sæther, Bernt-Erik
- Abstract
Identifying the environmental drivers of variation in fitness-related traits is a central objective in ecology and evolutionary biology. Temporal fluctuations of these environmental drivers are often synchronized at large spatial scales. Yet, whether synchronous environmental conditions can generate spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values (i.e., correlated temporal trait fluctuations across populations) is poorly understood. Using data from long-term monitored populations of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus, n = 31), great tits (Parus major, n = 35), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca, n = 20) across Europe, we assessed the influence of two local climatic variables (mean temperature and mean precipitation in February–May) on spatial synchrony in three fitness-related traits: laying date, clutch size, and fledgling number. We found a high degree of spatial synchrony in laying date but a lower degree in clutch size and fledgling number for each species. Temperature strongly influenced spatial synchrony in laying date for resident blue tits and great tits but not for migratory pied flycatchers. This is a relevant finding in the context of environmental impacts on populations because spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values among populations may influence fluctuations in vital rates or population abundances. If environmentally induced spatial synchrony in fitness-related traits increases the spatial synchrony in vital rates or population abundances, this will ultimately increase the risk of extinction for populations and species. Assessing how environmental conditions influence spatiotemporal variation in trait values improves our mechanistic understanding of environmental impacts on populations.
- Published
- 2023
8. Temperature synchronizes temporal variation in laying dates across European hole‐nesting passerines
- Author
-
Vriend, Stefan J. G., primary, Grøtan, Vidar, additional, Gamelon, Marlène, additional, Adriaensen, Frank, additional, Ahola, Markus P., additional, Álvarez, Elena, additional, Bailey, Liam D., additional, Barba, Emilio, additional, Bouvier, Jean‐Charles, additional, Burgess, Malcolm D., additional, Bushuev, Andrey, additional, Camacho, Carlos, additional, Canal, David, additional, Charmantier, Anne, additional, Cole, Ella F., additional, Cusimano, Camillo, additional, Doligez, Blandine F., additional, Drobniak, Szymon M., additional, Dubiec, Anna, additional, Eens, Marcel, additional, Eeva, Tapio, additional, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, additional, Ferns, Peter N., additional, Goodenough, Anne E., additional, Hartley, Ian R., additional, Hinsley, Shelley A., additional, Ivankina, Elena, additional, Juškaitis, Rimvydas, additional, Kempenaers, Bart, additional, Kerimov, Anvar B., additional, Kålås, John Atle, additional, Lavigne, Claire, additional, Leivits, Agu, additional, Mainwaring, Mark C., additional, Martínez‐Padilla, Jesús, additional, Matthysen, Erik, additional, van Oers, Kees, additional, Orell, Markku, additional, Pinxten, Rianne, additional, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, additional, Rytkönen, Seppo, additional, Senar, Juan Carlos, additional, Sheldon, Ben C., additional, Sorace, Alberto, additional, Török, János, additional, Vatka, Emma, additional, Visser, Marcel E., additional, and Sæther, Bernt‐Erik, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Differences in Trophic Level, Contaminant Load, and DNA Damage in an Urban and a Remote Herring Gull ( Larus argentatus ) Breeding Colony in Coastal Norway
- Author
-
Keilen, Ellen Kristine, primary, Borgå, Katrine, additional, Thorstensen, Helene Skjeie, additional, Hylland, Ketil, additional, Helberg, Morten, additional, Warner, Nicholas, additional, Bæk, Kine, additional, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, additional, and Ruus, Anders, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Foraging range scales with colony size in high-latitude seabirds
- Author
-
Patterson, Allison, primary, Gilchrist, H. Grant, additional, Benjaminsen, Sigurd, additional, Bolton, Mark, additional, Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne Sophie, additional, Davoren, Gail K., additional, Descamps, Sébastien, additional, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, additional, Frederiksen, Morten, additional, Gaston, Anthony J., additional, Gulka, Julia, additional, Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, additional, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, additional, Johansen, Kasper Lambert, additional, Labansen, Aili Lage, additional, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, additional, Love, Oliver P., additional, Mallory, Mark L., additional, Merkel, Flemming Ravn, additional, Montevecchi, William A., additional, Mosbech, Anders, additional, Olsson, Olof, additional, Owen, Ellie, additional, Ratcliffe, Norman, additional, Regular, Paul M., additional, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, additional, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, additional, Strøm, Hallvard, additional, Thórarinsson, Thorkell Lindberg, additional, and Elliott, Kyle H., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Persistent organic pollution in a high-Arctic top predator: sex-dependent thresholds in adult survival
- Author
-
Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Sandvik, Hanno, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Bustnes, Jan Ove, and Strøm, Hallvard
- Published
- 2013
12. Erratum : Seabird–fish interactions: the fall and rise of a common guillemot Uria aalge population
- Author
-
Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Barrett, Robert T., Vikebø, Frode, and Sandvik, Hanno
- Published
- 2013
13. Seabird−fish interactions : the fall and rise of a common guillemot Uria aalge population
- Author
-
Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Barrett, Robert T., Vikebø, Frode, and Sandvik, Hanno
- Published
- 2013
14. Sex Ratio in Lesser Black-Backed Gull in Relation to Environmental Pollutants
- Author
-
Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Bustnes, Jan Ove, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, and Reiertsen, Tone Kristin
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Foraging range scales with colony size in high-latitude seabirds
- Author
-
Patterson, Allison, Gilchrist, H. Grant, Benjaminsen, Sigurd, Bolton, Mark, Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne-Sophie, Davoren, Gail K., Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Frederiksen, Morten, Gaston, Anthony J., Gulka, Julia, Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Johansen, Kasper Lambert, Labansen, Aili Lage, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Love, Oliver P., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Montevecchi, William A., Mosbech, Anders, Olsson, Olof, Owen, Ellie, Ratcliffe, Norman, Regular, Paul M., Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Strøm, Hallvard, Thórarinsson, Thorkell Lindberg, Elliott, Kyle H., Patterson, Allison, Gilchrist, H. Grant, Benjaminsen, Sigurd, Bolton, Mark, Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne-Sophie, Davoren, Gail K., Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Frederiksen, Morten, Gaston, Anthony J., Gulka, Julia, Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Johansen, Kasper Lambert, Labansen, Aili Lage, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Love, Oliver P., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Montevecchi, William A., Mosbech, Anders, Olsson, Olof, Owen, Ellie, Ratcliffe, Norman, Regular, Paul M., Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Strøm, Hallvard, Thórarinsson, Thorkell Lindberg, and Elliott, Kyle H.
- Abstract
Density-dependent prey depletion around breeding colonies has long been considered an important factor controlling the population dynamics of colonial animals. Ashmole proposed that as seabird colony size increases, intraspecific competition leads to declines in reproductive success, as breeding adults must spend more time and energy to find prey farther from the colony.1 Seabird colony size often varies over several orders of magnitude within the same species and can include millions of individuals per colony. As such, colony size likely plays an important role in determining the individual behavior of its members and how the colony interacts with the surrounding environment.6 Using tracking data from murres (Uria spp.), the world’s most densely breeding seabirds, we show that the distribution of foraging-trip distances scales to colony size0.33 during the chick-rearing stage, consistent with Ashmole’s halo theory.1,2 This pattern occurred across colonies varying in size over three orders of magnitude and distributed throughout the North Atlantic region. The strong relationship between colony size and foraging range means that the foraging areas of some colonial species can be estimated from colony sizes, which is more practical to measure over a large geographic scale. Two-thirds of the North Atlantic murre population breed at the 16 largest colonies; by extrapolating the predicted foraging ranges to sites without tracking data, we show that only two of these large colonies have significant coverage as marine protected areas. Our results are an important example of how theoretical models, in this case, Ashmole’s version of central-place-foraging theory, can be applied to inform conservation and management in colonial breeding species.
- Published
- 2022
16. Temperature synchronizes temporal variation in laying dates across European hole‐nesting passerines
- Author
-
Vriend, Stefan J.G., Grøtan, Vidar, Gamelon, Marlène, Adriaensen, Frank, Ahola, Markus P., Álvarez, Elena, Bailey, Liam D., Barba, Emilio, Bouvier, Jean‐Charles, Burgess, Malcolm D., Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Canal, David, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella F., Cusimano, Camillo, Doligez, Blandine F., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Eeva, Tapio, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ferns, Peter N., Goodenough, Anne E., Hartley, Ian R., Hinsley, Shelley A., Ivankina, Elena, Juškaitis, Rimvydas, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar B., Kålås, John Atle, Lavigne, Claire, Leivits, Agu, Mainwaring, Mark C., Martínez‐Padilla, Jesús, Matthysen, Erik, Oers, Kees van, Orell, Markku, Pinxten, Rianne, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rytkönen, Seppo, Senar, Juan Carlos, Sheldon, Ben C., Sorace, Alberto, Török, János, Vatka, Emma, Visser, Marcel E., Sæther, Bernt‐Erik, Vriend, Stefan J.G., Grøtan, Vidar, Gamelon, Marlène, Adriaensen, Frank, Ahola, Markus P., Álvarez, Elena, Bailey, Liam D., Barba, Emilio, Bouvier, Jean‐Charles, Burgess, Malcolm D., Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Canal, David, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella F., Cusimano, Camillo, Doligez, Blandine F., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Eeva, Tapio, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ferns, Peter N., Goodenough, Anne E., Hartley, Ian R., Hinsley, Shelley A., Ivankina, Elena, Juškaitis, Rimvydas, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar B., Kålås, John Atle, Lavigne, Claire, Leivits, Agu, Mainwaring, Mark C., Martínez‐Padilla, Jesús, Matthysen, Erik, Oers, Kees van, Orell, Markku, Pinxten, Rianne, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rytkönen, Seppo, Senar, Juan Carlos, Sheldon, Ben C., Sorace, Alberto, Török, János, Vatka, Emma, Visser, Marcel E., and Sæther, Bernt‐Erik
- Abstract
Identifying the environmental drivers of variation in fitness-related traits is a central objective in ecology and evolutionary biology. Temporal fluctuations of these environmental drivers are often synchronized at large spatial scales. Yet, whether synchronous environmental conditions can generate spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values (i.e., correlated temporal trait fluctuations across populations) is poorly understood. Using data from long-term monitored populations of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus, n = 31), great tits (Parus major, n = 35), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca, n = 20) across Europe, we assessed the influence of two local climatic variables (mean temperature and mean precipitation in February–May) on spatial synchrony in three fitness-related traits: laying date, clutch size, and fledgling number. We found a high degree of spatial synchrony in laying date but a lower degree in clutch size and fledgling number for each species. Temperature strongly influenced spatial synchrony in laying date for resident blue tits and great tits but not for migratory pied flycatchers. This is a relevant finding in the context of environmental impacts on populations because spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values among populations may influence fluctuations in vital rates or population abundances. If environmentally induced spatial synchrony in fitness-related traits increases the spatial synchrony in vital rates or population abundances, this will ultimately increase the risk of extinction for populations and species. Assessing how environmental conditions influence spatiotemporal variation in trait values improves our mechanistic understanding of environmental impacts on populations.
- Published
- 2022
17. Data and code for analysis of spatiotemporal variation in traits and environmental variables in European hole-nesting passerines
- Author
-
Research Council of Norway, National Science Centre (Poland), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Observatoire de Recherche Montpelliérain de l'Environnement (France), Russian Science Foundation, Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), University of Antwerp, Research Foundation - Flanders, Norwegian Environment Agency, Government of Norway, Max Planck Society, Swedish Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Australian Research Council, Vriend, Stefan J. G. [svriend@gmail.com], Vriend, Stefan J. G., Grøtan, Vidar, Gamelon, Marlène, Adriaensen, Frank, Ahola, Markus P., Álvarez, Elena, Bailey, Liam D., Barba, Emilio, Bouvier, Jean-Charles, Burgess, Malcolm D., Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Canal, David, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella F., Cusimano, Camillo, Doligez, Blandine F., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Eeva, Tapio, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ferns, Peter N., Goodenough, Anne E., Hartley, Ian R., Hinsley, Shelley A., Ivankina, Elena, Juškaitis, Rimvydas, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar B., Kålås, John Atle, Lavigne, Claire, Leivits, Agu, Mainwaring, Mark C., Martínez-Padilla, Jesús, Matthysen, Erik, Oers, Kees van, Orell, Markku, Pinxten, Rianne, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rytkönen, Seppo, Senar, Juan Carlos, Sheldon, Ben C., Sorace, Alberto, Török, János, Vatka, Emma, Visser, Marcel E., Sæther, Bernt-Erik, Research Council of Norway, National Science Centre (Poland), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Observatoire de Recherche Montpelliérain de l'Environnement (France), Russian Science Foundation, Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), University of Antwerp, Research Foundation - Flanders, Norwegian Environment Agency, Government of Norway, Max Planck Society, Swedish Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Australian Research Council, Vriend, Stefan J. G. [svriend@gmail.com], Vriend, Stefan J. G., Grøtan, Vidar, Gamelon, Marlène, Adriaensen, Frank, Ahola, Markus P., Álvarez, Elena, Bailey, Liam D., Barba, Emilio, Bouvier, Jean-Charles, Burgess, Malcolm D., Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Canal, David, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella F., Cusimano, Camillo, Doligez, Blandine F., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Eeva, Tapio, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ferns, Peter N., Goodenough, Anne E., Hartley, Ian R., Hinsley, Shelley A., Ivankina, Elena, Juškaitis, Rimvydas, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar B., Kålås, John Atle, Lavigne, Claire, Leivits, Agu, Mainwaring, Mark C., Martínez-Padilla, Jesús, Matthysen, Erik, Oers, Kees van, Orell, Markku, Pinxten, Rianne, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rytkönen, Seppo, Senar, Juan Carlos, Sheldon, Ben C., Sorace, Alberto, Török, János, Vatka, Emma, Visser, Marcel E., and Sæther, Bernt-Erik
- Abstract
Annual trait data, location information, and climate data from 86 populations of blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, n = 31), great tit (Parus major, n = 35) and pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca, n = 20) across Europe. R code for the analyses of temporal variation in trait values, effects of climate variables on trait values, and spatial synchrony in trait values.
- Published
- 2022
18. Urbane krykkjer i Tromsø. Effekter av tilrettelegging eller avvisende tiltak
- Author
-
Benjaminsen, Sigurd, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, and Jacobsen, Karl-Otto
- Subjects
tilrettelegging ,seabird ,GPS-tracking ,lysloggere ,redlisted species, endangered (EN) ,GLS-sporing ,kittiwake ,GPS-sporing ,facilitation ,urbane kittiwake ,mitigation ,GLS-tracking ,krykkje ,rødlisteart, sterkt truet (EN) ,måse ,gull ,Rissa tridactyla ,sjøfugl ,måke ,urbane krykkjer ,avisende tiltak - Abstract
Benjaminsen, S., Reiertsen, T.K. & Jacobsen, K.-O. 2022. Urbane krykkjer i Tromsø. Effekter av tilrettelegging og avvisende tiltak. NINA Rapport 2235. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Urbanisering av krykkjer har blitt et økende fenomen langs norskekysten. Det er ikke en ny problemstilling da krykkjer har hekket i eksempelvis Ålesund, Rørvik og Vardø i flere tiår, men vi ser en økning av urbane krykkjer i nye byer langs kysten, som for eksempel Tromsø og Hammerfest. Krykkja har status som sterkt truet (EN) på den norske rødlista, og har hatt en sterk bestandsnedgang langs hele norskekysten siden 1990-tallet. I Tromsø har vi fulgt den urbane krykkjebestanden siden 2017, og har her sett den øke fra 13 par til over 380 i 2022. Den ankommer vanligvis i midten av februar og forlater byen i midten av september. Tyngdepunktet av hekkende krykkjer finner vi i sør i sentrum rundt fylkeshuskvartalet, Framsenteret og Mack. Etter hvert som bestanden har økt i Tromsø har huseiere satt i gang avvisende tiltak for å kvitte seg med krykkja. Dette har ført til at krykkjene har forflyttet seg mye rundt i byen uten at bestanden har blitt mindre. Helårlig sporing av krykkjer med lysloggere avslører at bykrykkjene overvintrer sammen med naturlige krykkjebestander i Grand-Banks-området utenfor Newfoundland, Canada. De trekker direkte til dette området om høsten uten stopp i det nordlige Barentshavet slik som en del andre nordlige fastlandsbestander av krykkje gjør. Uttesting av krykkjehotell i samarbeid med Tromsø kommune har gitt et godt erfaringsgrunnlag om hvordan krykkjehotell som avbøtende/kompenserende tiltak kan fungere. Det generelle er at distanse til avvisende tiltak og tilgjengelighet av alternative hekkeplasser tett på der hvor krykkjene blir avvist spiller en stor rolle. I tillegg viser erfaringene at identifisering av egnede steder for krykkjehotell og flytting av krykkjene til disse stedene er utfordrende. Både fordi den lokale forankringen og tilgang til egnede steder kan være vanskelig, og fordi flytting av krykkjer til egnede steder krever at krykkjene må flyttes over store distanser. Vi foreslår derfor at man må tenke både kortsiktig og langsiktig for å få til sameksistens med urbane krykkjer, og teste ut gradvis forflytningved hjelp av mobile krykkjehotell hvor krykkja har etablert seg mot et egnet sted. Vi fant ingen forskjell i kroppskondisjon, klekketidspunkt eller ungeproduksjon mellom nyetablerte og gamle lokaliteter.
- Published
- 2022
19. Connecting the data landscape of long‐term ecological studies: the SPI‐Birds data hub
- Author
-
Culina, Antica, Adriaensen, Frank, Bailey, Liam, Burgess, Malcolm, Charmantier, Anne, Cole, Ella, Eeva, Tapio, Matthysen, Erik, Nater, Chloé, Sheldon, Ben, Sæther, Bernt‐erik, Vriend, Stefan J.G., Zajkova, Zuzana, Adamík, Peter, Aplin, Lucy, Angulo, Elena, Artemyev, Alexandr, Barba, Emilio, Barišić, Sanja, Belda, Eduardo, Can Bilgin, C., Bleu, Josefa, Both, Christiaan, Bouwhuis, Sandra, Branston, Claire, Broggi, Juli, Burke, Terry, Bushuev, Andrey, Camacho, Carlos, Campobello, Daniela, Canal, David, Cantarero, Alejandro, Caro, Samuel, Cauchoix, Maxime, Chaine, Alexis, Cichoń, Mariusz, Ćiković, Davor, Cusimano, Camillo, Deimel, Caroline, Dhondt, André, Dingemanse, Niels, Doligez, Blandine, Dominoni, Davide, Doutrelant, Claire, Drobniak, Szymon, Dubiec, Anna, Eens, Marcel, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Espín, Silvia, Farine, Damien, Figuerola, Jordi, Kavak Gülbeyaz, Pinar, Grégoire, Arnaud, Hartley, Ian, Hau, Michaela, Hegyi, Gergely, Hille, Sabine, Hinde, Camilla, Holtmann, Benedikt, Ilyina, Tatyana, Isaksson, Caroline, Iserbyt, Arne, Ivankina, Elena, Kania, Wojciech, Kempenaers, Bart, Kerimov, Anvar, Komdeur, Jan, Korsten, Peter, Král, Miroslav, Krist, Miloš, Lambrechts, Marcel, Lara, Carlos, Leivits, Agu, Liker, András, Lodjak, Jaanis, Mägi, Marko, Mainwaring, Mark, Mänd, Raivo, Massa, Bruno, Massemin, Sylvie, Martínez‐padilla, Jesús, Mazgajski, Tomasz, Mennerat, Adele, Moreno, Juan, Mouchet, Alexia, Nakagawa, Shinichi, Nilsson, Jan‐åke, Nilsson, Johan, Norte, Ana Cláudia, Oers, Kees Van, Orell, Markku, Potti, Jaime, Quinn, John, Réale, Denis, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Rosivall, Balázs, Russel, Andrew, Rytkönen, Seppo, Sánchez‐virosta, Pablo, Santos, Eduardo S.A., Schroeder, Julia, Senar, Juan Carlos, Seress, Gábor, Slagsvold, Tore, Szulkin, Marta, Teplitsky, Céline, Tilgar, Vallo, Tolstoguzov, Andrey, Török, János, Valcu, Mihai, Vatka, Emma, Verhulst, Simon, Visser, Marcel, Watson, Hannah, Yuta, Teru, Zamora‐marín, José, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), University of Antwerp (UA), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, University of Exeter, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Oxford, University of Turku, Trondheim University, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
FAIR data ,long-term studies ,MESH: animals ,meta-data standards ,research network ,birds ,MESH: birds ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,MESH: databases, factual ,MESH: metadata ,data standards ,database - Abstract
International audience; The integration and synthesis of the data in different areas of science is drastically slowed and hindered by a lack of standards and networking programmes. Long-term studies of individually marked animals are not an exception. These studies are especially important as instrumental for understanding evolutionary and ecological processes in the wild. Furthermore, their number and global distribution provides a unique opportunity to assess the generality of patterns and to address broad-scale global issues (e.g. climate change).To solve data integration issues and enable a new scale of ecological and evolutionary research based on long-term studies of birds, we have created the SPI-Birds Network and Database (www.spibirds.org)—a large-scale initiative that connects data from, and researchers working on, studies of wild populations of individually recognizable (usually ringed) birds. Within year and a half since the establishment, SPI-Birds has recruited over 120 members, and currently hosts data on almost 1.5 million individual birds collected in 80 populations over 2,000 cumulative years, and counting.SPI-Birds acts as a data hub and a catalogue of studied populations. It prevents data loss, secures easy data finding, use and integration and thus facilitates collaboration and synthesis. We provide community-derived data and meta-data standards and improve data integrity guided by the principles of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR), and aligned with the existing metadata languages (e.g. ecological meta-data language).The encouraging community involvement stems from SPI-Bird's decentralized approach: research groups retain full control over data use and their way of data management, while SPI-Birds creates tailored pipelines to convert each unique data format into a standard format. We outline the lessons learned, so that other communities (e.g. those working on other taxa) can adapt our successful model. Creating community-specific hubs (such as ours, COMADRE for animal demography, etc.) will aid much-needed large-scale ecological data integration.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Are female offspring from a single-egg seabird more costly to raise?
- Author
-
Kristensen, Ditte Lyngbo, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Moum, Truls, Barrett, Robert T., and Jenni-Eiermann, Susanne
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Effekter av akutte bestandsreduksjoner hos sjøfugl knyttet til Lofoten, Vesterålen og Barentshavet
- Author
-
Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Johansen, Malin Kjellstadli, Sandvik, Hanno, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Barrett, Rob, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Strøm, Hallvard, and Systad, Geir
- Subjects
lomvi ,Fratercula arctica ,population ,Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP] ,lunde ,Atlantic puffin ,krykkje ,petroleumsaktivitet ,Barents Sea ,Brünnich’s guillemot ,Uria lomvia ,population viability analysis ,Vesterålen ,black-legged kittiwake ,effektstudie av oljesøl ,Uria aalge ,Barentshavet ,NINA Rapport ,Lofoten ,sårbarhetsanalyser ,levedyktighetsanalyser ,Rissa tridactyla ,polarlomvi ,sjøfugl ,bestandsmodellering ,common guillemot - Abstract
Flere sjøfuglarter går tilbake globalt blant annet pga. klimaendringer. Det er derfor viktig å av-dekke tilleggseffekter av ytterligere påvirkninger, som for eksempel oljesøl. Oljesøl kan føre til massedød blant sjøfugl. Hvordan ulike sjøfuglbestander påvirkes av akutte bestandsreduksjoner og hvilke muligheter enkeltbestander har til å komme tilbake til samme bestandsstørrelse som før bestandsreduksjon, kan og bør brukes som et grunnlag i miljørisikoanalyser. I dette studiet gir vi en vurdering av hvor sårbare enkeltbestander av pelagiske sjøfugl i havom-rådene utenfor Lofoten, Vesterålen og Barentshavet er for akutte bestandsreduksjoner som følge av ytre påvirkning som for eksempel større uhellsutslipp av olje fra offshore petroleumsvirksom-het eller fra oljetankere. Vi bruker tidsseriedata på bestandstall fra Det nasjonale overvåkings-programmet for sjøfugl og Overvåkingsprogrammet for sjøfugl på Svalbard (en integrert del av SEAPOP) i bestandsmodeller, og vha. sårbarhetsmodeller kvantifiserer vi hva ulike bestander tåler av akutte bestandsreduksjoner på 10 %, 25 % og 50 %. To ulike vurderingsmetoder for sårbarhet (V1 og V2) ble brukt avhengig av bestandenes forut-gående bestandsutvikling: V1: For bestander med bestandsnedgang ble endring i tid til halvert bestand for de ulike prosent-vise akutte bestandsreduksjonene sammenlignet med fremtidig halveringstid hos en bestand uten akutt bestandsreduksjon. Reduksjon i halveringstid gir mulighet til å vurdere den ekstra belastning en akutt bestandsreduksjon medfører. V2: For relativt stabile (svakt nedadgående/økende) og sterkt økende bestander ble tiden det tar før bestanden er tilbake til samme bestandsstørrelse som før akutt bestandsreduksjon (restitu-sjonstiden) kvantifisert. Denne tiden ble fordelt på de fire forskjellige kategoriene av skadegrad som benyttes i miljørisikoanalyser i dag: mindre (< 1 år), moderat (1-3 år), betydelig (3-10 år) og alvorlig (> 10 år). Alle bestandene med nedgang, fra både Lofoten, Vesterålen og Barentshavet, er i utgangspunk-tet sårbare, og prognosene tilsier at de aldri vil komme tilbake til samme bestandsstørrelse som før. Selv uten akutte bestandsreduksjoner vil de nå en halvering av bestanden innen et relativt kort tidsrom dersom miljøvariasjonen fortsetter som den har gjort i de årene som tidsseriene har vært samlet inn. Sårbarhetsanalysene viser imidlertid at en ytterligere akutt bestandsreduksjon gir en betydelig raskere halveringstid. For bestander som øker eller er stabile, viser resultatene at akutte bestandsreduksjoner vil ha en alvorlig effekt på de fleste bestandene, og at oljesøl i begge havområdene vil ha stor negativ betydning og gjøre bestandene enda mer sårbare. Generelt sett skilte polarlomvi, lunde og krykkje seg ut som mest sårbare i begge havområdene uavhengig av hvilken bestandstrend de hadde som utgangspunkt. Lunde fra Røst og krykkjebe-standene på fastlandet er bestander som i tillegg har hatt rekrutteringsproblemer over lang tid. Dette forsterker sårbarheten deres da de vil ha liten grad av floaters og dermed en lavere buff-fringseffekt mot bestandsreduksjoner. Selv om enkeltbestandene av lomvi i dette studiet er noe mindre sårbar sammenlignet med de andre artene, er det viktig å merke seg at 90% av den totale norske lomvibestanden befinner seg i et relativt begrenset område i det sørlige Barents-havet gjennom hele året. Et oljesøl i dette området kan derfor få drastiske konsekvenser for storparten av de norske lomvikoloniene. Det er derfor viktig å ikke kun benytte resultater fra sårbarhetsanalyser isolert sett, men også å sette disse i sammenheng med bestandenes bruk av havområdene gjennom året. Dette er data som nå er tilgjengelig gjennom SEATRACK. Vi anbefaler med bakgrunn i dette studiet at denne typen sårbarhetsanalyser inkorporeres i mil-jørisikoanalyser. I tillegg foreslår vi at det utarbeides tilsvarende modellverktøy hvor man tar med aldersstruktur og demografiske tidsseriedata på voksenoverlevelse og reproduksjon.
- Published
- 2019
22. Sjøfugl i Barentshavet - vurderinger av sårbare arter, bestander, områder ogperioder basert på nyeste kunnskap (revidert utgave)
- Author
-
Fauchald, Per, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, and Reiertsen, Tone Kristin
- Subjects
miljørisikoanalyse ,utbredelse ,seabird ,spatial distribution ,Fratercula arctica ,Uria aalge ,olje ,environmental risk assessment ,Alle alle ,oil ,migration ,migrasjon ,Rissa tridactyla ,Uria lomvia ,sjøfugl - Abstract
Fauchald, P., Erikstad, K. E. & Reiersten, T. K. 2019. Sjøfugl i Barentshavet - vurderinger av sårbare arter, bestander, områder og perioder basert på nyeste kunnskap (revidert utgave). NINA Rapport 1616b. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Barentshavet har store bestander av sjøfugl som potensielt er sårbare for uhellsutslipp av olje fra eksisterende og planlagt petroleumsvirksomhet. I denne rapporten oppsummerer vi kunnskapsstatusen for sjøfuglbestandene i Barentshavet med hensyn til sårbarhet for oljeforurensning. Gjennom sjøfuglprogrammene SEAPOP og SEATRACK har det de siste årene vært samlet inn mye ny kunnskap om sjøfuglene i norske havområder. Ny loggerteknologi har gjort oss i stand til å følge de enkelte bestandene gjennom året, og vi oppsummerer kunnskapsstatus om hvordan de mest sårbare artene migrerer ut og inn av Barentshavet og hvor de til enhver tid oppholder seg. Hekkeperioden, svømmetrekk, og fjærfelling er perioder hvor spesielt alkefuglene er sårbare. Vi går gjennom ny kunnskap, muliggjort av detaljerte loggerstudier utført i disse periodene. Overvåking av demografi og populasjonsutvikling som gjennomføres i regi av SEAPOP, gjør at vi har god oversikt over bestandsstatusen til de viktigste og mest sårbare artene i Barentshavet. Basert på disse dataene kan vi ved hjelp av bestandsmodellering bestemme den enkelte hekkebestands sårbarhet for en akutt økning i dødelighet som følge av for eksempel et oljeuhell. I hekkeperioden (april-august) er sjøfuglene spesielt sårbare i områdene i umiddelbar nærhet til koloniene. SEAPOP har god oversikt over sjøfuglkoloniene på Svalbard og fastlands Norge, og studier med GPS-loggere gir oss detaljerte data over fuglenes aksjonsradius ut fra koloniene. Rett etter hekking gjennomfører lomvi, polarlomvi og alke et svømmetrekk til havområdene hvor fjærfelling foregår. Fuglene regnes for å være spesielt sårbare i denne perioden fordi de ikke kan fly, og dermed ikke så lett kan unnslippe forurensede områder. Tidlig på høsten er Barentshavet spesielt produktivt, og sjøfugl fra kolonier i Norskehavet migrerer i denne perioden inn i området for å beite. Flere bestander, og spesielt bestander som hekker i den vestlige delen, forlater Barentshavet sent på høsten. Hoveddelen av den norske bestanden av lomvi blir imidlertid igjen i et forholdsvis begrenset område sør i Barentshavet. Polarlomvi fra de store koloniene i nord og øst blir også igjen i Barentshavet gjennom vinteren. Det samme gjør de østlige bestandene av lunde. Sjøfuglbestandene vender tilbake mot hekkekoloniene allerede sent på vinteren. Gytevandringen til lodde mot kysten av Kola og Finnmark, er en viktig næringskilde for alkefugl og krykkje i denne perioden. Lomvibestanden i Barentshavet er voksende, men sett i et historisk perspektiv har den nylig kommet tilbake til samme nivå som den hadde etter den store bestands-nedgangen midt på 1980-tallet. Bestandene av polarlomvi, lunde og krykkje er imidlertid synkende, og økt dødelighet vil kunne øke risikoen for at disse bestandene når et kritisk lavt nivå. Miljørisikoanalyser av sjøfugl gjennomføres i dag ved bruk av datasett opparbeidet gjennom tak-sering av sjøfugl til havs. Fordi disse dataene representerer relative forekomster og ikke inneholder informasjon om bestandstilhørighet, har analysene først og fremst kunnet gi informasjon om sårbarhet relativt til område og sesong. Analysene har med andre ord i liten grad kunnet gi informasjon om sjøfuglenes sårbarhet på bestandsnivå. De nye datasettene som blir opparbeidet av SEATRACK gjør det for første gang mulig å koble forekomsten av sjøfugl til havs til hekkebe-standene. Dermed kan man nå i prinsippet fullt ut utnytte SEAPOP sine overvåkingsdata i miljø-risikosammenheng og spesifikt adressere risikoen for de enkelte sjøfuglbestandene ved et akutt oljesøl. I tillegg er man i ferd med å opparbeidet detaljert kunnskap om sjøfuglenes atferd til havs, og man er nå i stand til å generere realistiske modeller for sjøfuglenes bevegelse og utbredelsesmønster i særlig sårbare perioder og områder. Fauchald, P., Erikstad, K. E. & Reiersten, T. K. 2019. Seabird in the Barents Sea – an evaluation of vulnerable species, populations, areas and seasons based on new and updated data and knowledge (revised edition). NINA Report 1616b. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. The Barents Sea holds large populations of seabirds that are potentially vulnerable to accidental oil spills from existing and planned petroleum activities. In this report, we summarize the knowledge status of the vulnerability of the Barents Sea seabird populations to oil pollution. In recent years, new knowledge has been gathered on this topic through the seabird monitoring programs SEAPOP and SEATRACK. In particular, new technology for bird tracking has enabled us to follow the movement of breeding populations throughout the year, and we summarize the present knowledge of the year-round spatial distribution of vulnerable populations, and when they eventually migrate in and out of the Barents Sea. The auk species are especially vulnerable during the breeding season, during the swim migration and during moulting. We summarize new knowledge, made possible by detailed tracking studies conducted during these periods. The monitoring of demography and population dynamics carried out by SEAPOP gives a comprehensive picture of the status of the most important and vulnerable seabird populations in the Barents Sea. Based on these data, we can, by means of population viability analyses (PVA), determine the individual breeding population's vulnerability to an acute in-crease in mortality due to, for example, an oil accident During the breeding season (April-August), the areas close to the large seabird colonies are especially vulnerable for acute oil spills. SEAPOP has mapped the seabird colonies in Svalbard and mainland Norway, and studies with GPS loggers have provided detailed data on the birds' radius of action from several colonies. Immediately after breeding, common guillemots, Brünnich’s guillemots and razorbills conduct a swim migration to the sea areas where they moult. The birds are vulnerable during this period because they cannot fly and thus cannot easily escape oil polluted areas. In the early autumn, the Barents Sea offers rich feeding conditions, and seabirds from colonies in the Norwegian Sea migrate into the Barents Sea for feeding. Some populations, especially those nesting in the western part, leave the Barents Sea in late fall. However, the major proportion of the Norwegian population of common guillemots over winter in a relatively limited area in the southern Barents Sea. Brünnich’s guillemots from the large colonies in the north and east remains also in the Barents Sea throughout the winter. The same goes for the eastern populations of puffins. The seabird populations return to the nesting colonies in late winter. The spawning migration of capelin from the central Barents Sea to the coast of Kola and Finnmark, is an important target for feeding auks and kittiwakes during late winter and spring. The population of common guillemots in the Barents Sea is growing, but seen from a historical perspective, it has recently returned to the same level as it had after the large population decline in the mid-1980s. The populations of the Brünnich’s guillemots, Atlantic puffin and black-legged kittiwakes are declining, and increased mortality may increase the risk of these populations reaching critically low levels. Environmental risk assessments of seabirds at sea are currently being carried out using data accumulated through seabirds at sea surveys. Because these data represent relative occurrences and do not identify the populations of the birds present, the analyzes have primarily been able to provide information of the relative vulnerability among areas and seasons and give limited information on the seabirds' vulnerability at the population level. The new datasets that are being developed by SEATRACK make it possible for the first time to link the occurrences of seabirds at sea to their breeding populations. Thus, one can now in principle fully utilize SEAPOP's monitoring data in environmental risk assessments and specifically address the risk of an acute oil spill for individual seabird populations. In addition, detailed knowledge of seabirds’ behavior at sea is developing, and it is now possible to generate realistic models for seabirds' movement and distribution patterns in particularly vulnerable periods and areas.
- Published
- 2019
23. Seabirds as indicators of distribution, trends and population level effects of plastics in the Arctic marine environment. Workshop Report
- Author
-
Dehnhard, Nina, Herzke, Dorte, Gabrielsen, Geir Wing, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Ask, Amalie, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Descamps, Sebastien, Hallanger, Ingeborg, Hanssen, Sveinn Are, Langset, Magdalene, Monclús, Laura, O'Hanlon, Nina, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, and Strøm, Hallvard
- Subjects
Svalbard ,Spitsbergen ,Seabirds ,Monitoring ,Norway ,Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP] ,Seabird Population Monitoring Programme (SEAPOP) ,Plastic ingestion ,NINA Rapport ,Bioaccumulation - Abstract
Nina Dehnhard, Dorte Herzke, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, Amalie Ask, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Sebastien Descamps, Ingeborg Hallanger, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Magdalene Langset, Laura Monclús, Nina O’Hanlon, Tone Kristin Reiertsen & Hallvard Strøm 2019. Seabirds as indicators of distribution, trends and population level effects of plastic in the Arctic marine environment – Workshop Report. NINA Report 1719. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. Plastic pollution is a global and increasing threat to ecosystems. Plastics in the oceans are une-venly distributed, are transported by currents and can now be found in the most remote environ-ments, including Arctic sea ice. The entanglement of wildlife by large plastic debris such as ropes is an obvious and well documented threat. However, the risks associated with the ingestion of smaller plastic particles, including microplastics (< 5mm) have been largely overlooked. Recent studies show that microplastic accumulates in the food web. Even in the Arctic and the deep sea, fish frequently contain microplastics in their guts. This, together with the fact that small micro-plastic particles can pass from the gut into blood and organs and also leach associated toxic additives raises health concerns for wildlife that ingest microplastic. Within the North Atlantic, plastic ingestion in seabirds has been studied systematically only in the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), for which plastic particles > 1mm found in the stomachs of dead (beached or bycaught) birds are quantified. With the origin of these birds being unknown, it is, however, impossible to assess how plastics affect populations even of this one monitored species, let alone for other seabird species that differ in their foraging behaviour and risk to ingest plastics. This report sums up the results of a workshop which aimed to identify possibilities for long-term monitoring of (micro-) plastic ingestion by seabirds in the framework of SEAPOP, the basal pro-gramme monitoring the performance of Norwegian seabird populations (www.seapop.no). The key conclusions were: 1) There is a need for baseline information on plastic ingestion across all seabird species to identify which species and populations are most suitable for monitoring. To obtain this information, the best approach is to investigate the stomach contents of dead birds (i.e. comparable methodology across all species). For long-term monitoring, not only species with high plastic ingestion are of interest, but also those with low plastic prevalence. 2) In the absence of information from (1), eight species that are complementary in their foraging behaviour and have a wide distribution range were selected as preliminary species of interest to monitor plastic ingestion. 3) For minimally invasive monitoring, regurgitates, fresh prey items and faeces are most suitable; 4) More information on prevalence of plastic ingestion is needed to identify optimal sample sizes for long-term monitoring. We therefore highlight the need for several pilot studies before establishing a plastic monitoring protocol within SEAPOP.
- Published
- 2019
24. Effektstudie av turisme på sjøfugl. Hvordan påvirker ferdsel hekkende sjøfugl på Hornøya?
- Author
-
Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Barrett, Rob, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, and Holmøy, Marthe Johansen
- Subjects
Effektstudie ,shag ,krykkje ,Lomvi ,turisme ,Common guillemot ,sjøfugl ,Black-legged kittiwake ,ferdsel ,toppskarv ,seabirds ,forstyrrelse - Abstract
Reiertsen, T.K., Erikstad, K.E., Barrett, R.T., Lorentsen S.-H. & Holmøy, M.J. 2018. Effektstudie av turisme på sjøfugl. Hvordan påvirker ferdsel hekkende sjøfugl på Hornøya? NINA Rapport 1528. Norsk institutt for Naturforskning Naturbasert turisme, som fugle-kikking og ferdsel nært innpå hekkende fugl, utgjør en forvaltningsmessig utfordring. På den ene siden er det ønskelig at folk opplever og får nærkontakt med natur og at det også skal legges til rette for at dette har positive ringvirkninger for lokalsamfunnet, men samtidig skal slitasje og forstyrrelse av dyreliv som kommer i konflikt med verneformålet begrenses. Kunnskap om hva ulike arter tåler av forstyrrelser er viktig for å sikre en bærekraftig balanse mellom næring og vern. Formålet med dette studiet var å måle hva ulike arter av sjøfugl som hekker nært der hvor turister ferdes på Hornøya i Hornøya og Reinøya Naturreservat i Øst Finnmark tåler av forstyrrelser. Dette ble gjort ved å registrere og sammen-ligne hekkesuksess hos lomvi (Uria aalge), krykkje (Rissa tridactyla) og toppskarv (Phalacro-corax aritotelis) i to ulike prøvefelt for hver av artene. De to prøvefeltene utgjorde et forstyrrelses-felt som lå nært stien hvor turister ferdes, og et kontroll-felt som lå uforstyrret til. Registreringene ble foretatt i tre hekkesesonger (2015, 2016 og 2017), og samtidig ble antall turister registrert. Resultatene viste at forstyrrelser fra ferdsel hadde en betydelig negativ effekt på hekkesuksessen hos lomvi og toppskarv. Tilsvarende effekter ble ikke funnet hos krykkje, men det var en svak trend mot lavere hekkesuksess også hos denne arten. Det var variasjon mellom år i hvor store disse forskjellene var. Forskjellen i hekkesuksess var størst i 2016 for lomvi og 2017 for toppskarv. Dette sammenfaller med en økning i turisttrafikken i disse to årene sammenlignet med 2015, og gjør at det er nærliggende å anta at den lavere hekkesuksessen i forstyrrelses-feltene sammenlignet med kontrollfeltene skyldes ferdsel. De økte forskjellene i hekkesuksess og den økte ferdselen i de to siste årene tyder på at forstyrrelsen har vært for belastende og har gått ut over foreldrenes evne til å fø opp ungene. Vi diskuterer resultatene og hvordan det vil påvirke sjøfugl-bestandene på Hornøya. Reiertsen, T.K., Erikstad, K.E., Barrett, R.T., Lorentsen S.-H. & Holmøy, M.J. 2018. Effektstudie av turisme på sjøfugl. Hvordan påvirker ferdsel hekkende sjøfugl på Hornøya? NINA Rapport 1528. Norsk institutt for Naturforskning Nature-based tourism, such as birdwatching near nesting birds, poses a challenge for management. Tourism is both desired and should be facilitated because of its high value for local communities, but at the same time it generates conflicts through unnecessary disturbance of wildlife which is against the protection regulations. Knowledge of how different species react to disturbance is important to ensure a sustainable balance between nature-based tourism and management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how much disturbance different seabird species that breed close to a well-used tourist path can tolerate. This was done by registering and comparing breeding success of common guillemot (Uria aalge), black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and European shag (Phalacrocorax artistotelis) in two different research plots for each of the species within the Hornøya and Reinøya Nature Reserve in Eastern Finnmark, Norway. The two research plots constituted a disturbing plot close to the path with tourist traffic, and a control plot located in an undisturbed area. Fieldwork was carried out in three breeding seasons (2015, 2016 and 2017). Simultaneous documentation of tourist traffic was also carried out. The results showed a substantial negative effect on the breeding success of the common guillemot and the shag when comparing the disturbance plots to the control plots. For kittiwake we could not find the same effect, but only a weak negative trend. The differences between the plots differed between years. The difference in breeding success was highest in 2016 for the common guillemot and 2017 for the shag. This coincides with an increase in tourist traffic in these two years compared to 2015. The increased differences in breeding success and the increase in tourist traffic during the last two years of this study indicate that tourism has caused unwarranted disturbance of the seabirds, affecting the breeding birds’ ability to brood their chicks.We discuss the results and how it may impact the seabird populations on Hornøya.
- Published
- 2018
25. Modellering av svømmetrekket til lomvi (Uria aalge) fra Bjørnøya til norskekysten. Utvikling av ny metodikk for bruk av lysloggere (GLS),dykkeloggere (TDR) og sjøtemperaturer (SST) til kartlegging av svømmetrekket hos alkefugl
- Author
-
Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Benjaminsen, Sigurd, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Ballestros, Manuel, and Strøm, Hallvard
- Subjects
Seabirds ,Sjøfugl ,Svømmetrekk ,Common Guillemot ,Lomvi ,Uria aalge ,Swimming track - Abstract
Erikstad, K.E., Benjaminsen, S., Reiertsen, T.K, Ballesteros, M. & Strøm, H. 2018. Modellering av svømmetrekket til lomvi (Uria aalge) fra Bjørnøya til norskekysten. Utvikling av ny metodikk for bruk av lysloggere (GLS),dykkeloggere (TDR) og sjøtemperaturer (SST) til kartlegging av svømmetrekket hos alkefugl. NINA Rapport 1546. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Lomvi (Uria aalge) og andre alkefugl som polarlomvi (Uria lomvia) og alke(Alca torda) har en spesiell hekkestrategi ved at ungene forlater reirplassen før de er flyvedyktige. Ungene forlater kolonien etter ca 21 dager med en vekt som bare er 1/3 av voksenvekta. Hannen følger ungen til havs til et oppvekstområde og beskytter og mater den gjennom resten av oppvekstperioden. Når de voksne ankommer oppvekstområdet myter de fjær og er flyveudyktige for en periode. Dette er derfor en veldig sårbar periode av livet for forstyrrelser og evt skade fra for eksempel oljesøl. For å beskrive vandringer og områdebruk til havs bruker en nå i stort omfang såkalte små lysloggere (GLS) som festes til de voksnes fotring. Disse beregner posisjoner til fugl basert på dag/natt signaler. I perioden tidlig i august når dette svømmetrekket foregår er det imidlertid fortsatt sommertid i området lomviene oppholder seg i og lyst hele døgnet, noe som gjør denne teknikken ubrukbar. GLS loggere måler imidlertid sjøtemperaturen nøyaktig samtidig som de har en tørr/våt bryter som gjør det mulig å beregne hvor mye de flyr. Målsetningen med dette studiet har vært å utvikle en modell basert på temperaturgradienter i Barentshavet og de temperaturdataene som GLS loggerne gir oss for å sannsynliggjøre av dette svømmetrekket. Modellene bygger på «random walk» begrenset av svømmehastigheten av fuglene. Ved å sammenligne temperaturdata fra GLS loggere med temperaturgradienter i Barentshavet kan en sette begrensinger i denne modellen og utelukke alle simuleringer hvor disse temperaturene har ett avvik på mer enn ± 1.5 °C. Dette gjør det mulig å kartlegge sannsynlig retning gitt at en kjenner hvor i Barentshavet oppvekstområdet er. Hannen med unge forlater kolonien tidlig i august og er framme i oppvekstområdet i det sørøstlige Barentshavet etter 20 dager. Hastigheten til svømmetrekket ble beregnet til 37km per dag og lengden på dette svømmetrekket ble estimert til 470km, 580km og 522km i 3 år (2011, 2012, 2015) og det var stor overlapp mellom år (77%). Hunner flyr mer enn hanner med unger langs dette trekket og er framme ca ei uke tidligere i dette oppvekstområdet. Ved å analysere data fra dykkeloggere (TDR) ser vi ut fra dykkeprofiler at ungen er avhengig av bidrag fra hannen i ca 60 dager etter at den forlater kolonien. Metoden som er utviklet ser lovende ut for å kunne beskrive svømmetrekket. Foreløpig har en kun benyttet dette for lomvi fra Bjørnøya i 3 år. Metoden bør nå også brukes for å beskrive svømmetrekket for andre alkefugl og også flere kolonier. Erikstad, K.E, Benjaminsen, S., Reiertsen, T.K, Ballesteros, M. & Strøm. H. 2018. Modeling the movements of common guillemots and their chicks from Bjørnøya to the mainland coast of Norway. NINA Report 1546. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. Guillemots and some other auk species are unique among birds in their intermediate departure strategy from the colony. The chick leaves the breeding ledge at 1/3 of adult size and spends the time at sea accompanied by the male until it reaches fledge-age. After leaving the breeding ledge, the adult male takes care of the flightless chick and migrates (swimming migration) to areas where the chick is raised to independence. During this time, adult males and females also moult their wing feathers and become flightless for a period. This is a period of their life when auk species are hugely vulnerable for any disturbances. The purpose of the present project has been to develop a model to describe the swimming migration of Common Guillemots from Bjørnøya to the area where the chicks are raised to independence. To achieve this, we used a combination of different miniature dataloggers (Global Location Sensing, GLS-loggers) and diving depth loggers (TDR) attached to a colour ring of the adult birds when at the colony. One problem with GLS loggers is that they estimate the position of birds using day- night signals of light. However, during the time of migration, the Barents Sea area experiences continuous daylight and therefore the loggers give no reliable position of the birds. When day/night signals are picked up around 20 August, the birds are distributed in an area in the southern Barents Sea To model the probability of the direction of the swimming migration from when the males leave Bjørnøya and until they reach the area in the southern area in the Barents Sea, we have used the temperature data measured by the GLS loggers and the sea temperature gradients that they cross on their way. The GLS loggers also have a dry/wet stage which we used for the estimate of how much the adult male and female fly along this track. The model of swimming direction was estimated using a random walk model. By comparing the SST gradients in the Barents Sea with the temperature measured by the GLS loggers along the track, we could exclude trajectories where temperatures differed by more than ± 1.5 °C in order to control the direction of the tracks. The males with their chicks leave Bjørnøya in early August and reach the chick-rearing area in the southern Barents Sea around 20 days later. The estimated speed for the male with a chick was 37 km d-1 and the mean lengths of these tracks were 470 km, 580 km and 522 km in three years with large overlap in the 50% Kernel area (77%). Females fly more than males, which are accompanied by a chick along the track, and reach the chick-rearing area ca. one week before the male. Using diving depth loggers (TDR), we have estimated that the chick grows to independence of the male in around 60 days based on data on diving depths and number of dives of males caring for chicks. The simulation model developed here looks promising for the description of the swimming migration in auks. What we have shown for the Common Guillemot from Bjørnøya should be tested for at other colonies and in other auk species.
- Published
- 2018
26. Later at higher latitudes: large‐scale variability in seabird breeding timing and synchronicity
- Author
-
Burr, Zofia M., primary, Varpe, Øystein, additional, Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho, additional, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, additional, Descamps, Sébastien, additional, Barrett, Robert T., additional, Bech, Claus, additional, Christensen‐Dalsgaard, Signe, additional, Lorentsen, Svein‐Håkon, additional, Moe, Børge, additional, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, additional, and Strøm, Hallvard, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Seabirds, climate and prey. A population study of two seabird species
- Author
-
Reiertsen, Tone Kristin and Yoccoz, Nigel
- Subjects
black-legged kittiwake ,DOKTOR-002 ,demograpy ,prey abundance ,conservation ,matrix model ,capture-mark-recapture analyses ,population model ,climate ,common guillemot ,population dynamic - Abstract
Papers 1, 2 and 3 of this thesis are not available in Munin: 1. Reiertsen, T.K., Erikstad, K.E., Anker-Nilssen, T., Barrett, R.T., Boulinier, T., Frederiksen, M., González-Solís, J., Gremillet, D., Johns, D., Moe, B., Ponchon, A., Sandvik, H., Skern-Mauritzen, M. and Yoccoz, N.G.: 'Prey density in non-breeding areas affects adult survival of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla breeding in the southern Barents Sea' (manuscript). 2. Reiertsen, T.K., Barrett, R.T. and Erikstad, K.E.: 'Kittiwakes on the cliff edge: a demographic analysis of a steeply declining arctic kittiwake population' (manuscript). 3. Erikstad, K.E., Reiertsen, T.K., Barrett, R.T., Vikebø, F. and Sandvik, H.: 'Seabird–fish interactions: the fall and rise of a common guillemot Uria aalge population', Marine Ecology Progress Series (2013), vol.475:267-276. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10084 Many seabird populations have declined dramatically over recent decades, and studying the demography and population dynamic in seabird populations is important to gaining a better understanding of causes and mechanisms lying behind such changes and to identify targets for conservation and management. Climate and prey availability are known to affect demography and population dynamics of seabirds. Climate is now changing and a warming of the ocean may lead to changed availability of prey species and will affect seabirds through their demographic traits and ultimately their abundance and distribution. The main aim of this thesis was to study the impact of climate and prey abundance on seabird demography and population dynamics, using two seabird populations; the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla and the Common guillemot Uria aalge breeding on Hornøya in NE Norway whose populations are declining in Norway. The first question addressed in the thesis was how environmental conditions affect the demography and population variability of kittiwakes and guillemots. The non-breeding distribution of the kittiwakes has recently been documented using year-round light-based geolocators, and we investigated the relationship between environmental conditions in these non-breeding areas and the adult survival of kittiwakes breeding on Hornøya. We found for the kittiwakes that Thecosomata, a group of pteropods (also called sea butterflies), in the Grand Banks/Labrador Sea area in winter and the capelin Mallotus villosus stock in Barents Sea in the pre-breeding season together explained as much as 52 % of the yearly variation in adult survival rate. Further we found that the availability of 0-group cod Gadus morhua was a much more important factor affecting demography and determining the population dynamics of the common guillemot in the Barents Sea than previously considered. The second question was which demographic trait drives the population dynamics of the steeply declining kittiwake population on Hornøya. We showed, by using demographic matrix modeling and LTRE analyses, that both the variability in breeding success (and hence the recruitment to the population) and adult survival rate contributed to the steep decline in the kittiwake population on Hornøya. The strong reduction in breeding success (and hence a decline in recruitment to the population) had, however, the highest impact. The final question was whether populations can adapt to environmental changes through micro-evolutionary processes. This study found that adult survival of the two different genetic colour morphs (bridled and non-bridled morph) of the common guillemot responded differently to yearly variability in sea surface temperatures. Colour dimorphism may, in this case serve as a genetic marker in the guillemot population, and can potentially visualize the direction of selection and micro-evolutionary processes driven by climate. The studies in this thesis contribute to the understanding of the population dynamic of two declining seabird species which are both on the Norwegian Red List, and to the directions of future studies and conservation targets of both species.
- Published
- 2013
28. Effekter av forurensning på bestandsutviklingen til måser
- Author
-
Reiertsen, Tone Kristin and Erikstad, Kjell Einar
- Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecotoxicology: 489 ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økotoksikologi: 489 - Abstract
Erikstad, K.E. og Reiertsen, T.K. 2007. Effekter av forurensning på bestandsutviklingen til måser. NINA Rapport 274, 24 s. Måser er toppredatorer i det marine miljø, og er svært utsatt for miljøgifter. Hos arter som sildemåse (Larus fuscus), svartbak (Larus marinus) og polarmåse (Larus hyperboreus) er det dokumentert høye nivåer av organokloriner (OC), som nedsetter immunforsvaret og gir økt forekomst av sykdom, noe som medfører både redusert hekkesuksess og overlevelse av voksne. Selv om det er dokumentert en rekke negative effekter av OC på individer hos måser er effekten på bestandsnivå ukjent. Målsetningen med denne undersøkelsen har vært å gi kvantitative prognoser for bestandsutviklingen i måsebestander med høye nivåer av forurensning. For å kvantifisere effekten av dagens forurensningsnivå hos måsebestander på bestandsutviklingen, har vi benyttet oss av strukturerte demografiske modeller som simulerer bestandsutviklingen i et variabelt og stokastisk miljø. Som input i modellene har vi brukt data på overlevelse av voksne, hekkesuksess (rekruttering av unger) og kjønnsratio (frekvensen av hanner og hunner i avkom som produseres) fra studier gjort langs norskekysten og fra Bjørnøya. I normalfordelte miljø, hvor bestanden uten forurensning er tilnærmet stabil, vil de nivåene av forurensning en kjenner til i dag gjennomsnittlig resultere i en bestandsreduksjon på 28 % etter 50 år. Effekter av forurensning på bestandsutviklingen vil imidlertid være sterkt avhengig av miljøvariasjon (hekkebetingelsene). Under dårlige hekkebetingelser vil bestanden, uten forurensning, reduseres med 39 %, mens høye nivåer av OC vil forsterke denne nedgangen slik at den blir på 51 %. Under gode hekkebetingelser vil bestanden, uten forurensning, vokse med 64 %. Høye nivåer av forurensning vil imidlertid sterkt redusere denne veksten, slik at bestanden kun vokser med 35 %, og dermed muligheten bestanden har for å utnytte gode år til vekst og nyrekruttering. Kvantitativt ser denne effekten ut til å være den viktigste for bestandsutviklingen. Beregninger viser at sannsynligheten for at bestanden skal halveres i løpet av 50 år under normale miljøbetingelser er 31 % med forurensning og 12 % uten. Under dårlige hekkebetingelser er denne sannsynligheten henholdsvis 79 % med forurensning og 55 % uten. En simulering av en reduksjon i forurensningsnivåene på 30 % over tid har liten effekt under normale miljøforhold. Det reduserer sannsynligheten for en halvering av bestanden fra 31 % til 28 % etter 50 år. Under dårlige miljøforhold er tilsvarende tall 79 % og 69 %. Datagrunnlaget for å gi sikre prognoser for måsebestander som har høye nivåer av OC er i dag ikke tilstrekkelig. Kunnskapen om nivåer av OC i enkeltbestander er imidlertid gode, men det er behov for flere studier som undersøker hvilke effekter ulike nivåer av OC har på viktig demografiske trekk som overlevelse og rekruttering av hann og hunn avkom. Det er derfor nødvendig å utvikle et overvåkningsprogram hvor en samtidig studerer forurensningsnivå, voksenoverlevelse og rekruttering i enkeltbestander over flere år. polarmåse, sildemåse, svartbak, organokloriner, bestandsutvikling, Norge, Bjørnøya, Glaucous gull, lesser black-backed gull, black-backed gull, organochlorines, population trends, Norway, Bear island
- Published
- 2007
29. Are female offspring from a single-egg seabird more costly to raise?
- Author
-
Kristensen, Ditte Lyngbo, primary, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, additional, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, additional, Moum, Truls, additional, Barrett, Robert T., additional, and Jenni-Eiermann, Susanne, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Environmental drivers of multi-species synchrony in seabird breeding success
- Author
-
Jørgensen, Signe Hjellestad, Layton-Matthews, Kate, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, and Yoccoz, Nigel
- Subjects
Seabirds ,Synchrony ,Breeding success ,Sea surface temperature ,VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 ,BIO-3950 ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 ,Hornøya ,Atlantic water- inflow - Abstract
Populations living close together in space are likely to experience more similar environmental fluctuations, and thus may display similar temporal changes in population parameters, in other words synchrony. Interspecific synchrony has implications for ecosystem stability, and highly synchronous populations and communities tend to have a higher risk of extinction. In this thesis, I used long-term data from six seabird species, breeding at Hornøya colony in the Barents Sea, to analyse the degree of synchrony in breeding success. I then investigated potential environmental drivers of inter-specific synchrony, and also asynchrony, in their breeding success. A generalized linear model (GLMs) was fitted to the breeding success data of each species. Pairwise correlations of the model residuals were calculated for all species combinations. Model selection was performed including climate and oceanographic covariates, which were considered to possibly influence breeding success, to identify the best model of breeding success for each species. If a covariate was included in the best-fitting model for multiple species, I tested the extent to which that shared effect led to interspecific synchrony. A higher level of synchrony in breeding success was found between auks and between gulls, than between these groups of birds. Atlantic water-inflow during winter was identified as a driver of breeding success, with potential synchronizing effect for kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), great black-backed gulls (Larus marinus) and herring gulls (Larus argentatus). For Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) and razorbills (Alca torda), a lagged effect of Atlantic water-inflow during winter on breeding success was found. Sea surface temperature was identified as a potentially synchronizing driver of breeding success for great black-backed gulls and herring gulls. The results indicate that climate-induced changes in the Barents Sea ecosystem can have pronounced effects on seabirds breeding on Hornøya.
- Published
- 2022
31. Uncovering the foraging strategies in two pelagic diving seabird species outside their breeding season using coupled feather stable isotopes and light-based geolocators
- Author
-
Nilssen, Kristina Emilie, Lindstrøm, Ulf, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, and Erikstad, Kjell Einar
- Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 ,murre ,Geolocation ,Uria aalge ,stable isotopes ,Uria lomvia ,guillemot - Abstract
The critical endangered Common and Brünnich guillemot are exhibiting contrasting population trends in the Barents Sea region, where the Common guillemots are increasing, while Brünnich guillemots are declining. The non-breeding season is regarded as the main mortality period among seabirds, especially in winter, as climate conditions may be harsh and prey availability rather limited. The contrasting trends seen in the Barents Sea Common and Brünnich guillemot populations are believed to be related to the two species different non-breeding ecology, although little is known about the bird’s ecology in this particular period, as the species are out at sea, unavailable for scientists. However, the development of light-weighted tracking equipment has made it possible following small migrating species, such as birds, throughout the entire year-cycle. In combination with stable isotopes, such methods can be used to investigate species ecology non-invasively. This study used combined feather stable isotopes and light-based geolocation data of the two sympatric seabird species to investigate intra- and interspecific dynamics in their non-breeding strategies (i.e., changes in foraging distribution and isotopic niche) in the Barents Sea. Differential responses were found between the species foraging distribution and isotopic niches, as they showed no overlap in isotopic niches when their distribution overlapped, and vice versa, which might indicate an avoidance mechanism for equal resource utilization during the non-breeding season. The species responded differently to limitations in food conditions in the Barents Sea during winter, as Common guillemot exhibited smaller degree of change in isotopic niches compared to the Brünnich guillemot, indicating that the Brünnich guillemot change from having a generalized foraging strategy in winter, to become more specialized during autumn when food is more abundant.
- Published
- 2022
32. Interactions between white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, seabirds and tourism; how the breeding success of the endangered black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla is affected
- Author
-
Myran, Ida Ward, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, and Lindstrøm, Ulf
- Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 ,escape response, indirect predatory effects, egg predation, breeding success, black-legged kittiwake, white-tailed eagle, Rissa tridactyla, Haliaeetus albicilla - Abstract
In many seabird colonies along the coast of Norway, the increased population of white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla and the growing industry of birdwatching tourism are causing a dilemma for management decisions. Thus, this study aimed to examine the indirect effect of white-tailed eagles and tourists on the breeding success of the endangered seabird species, black legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla in the bird cliffs at Hornøya Island. By investigating kittiwakes’ escape response (the number of empty/abandoned nests) provoked by eagle disturbance, as an indirect top-down effect on egg survival by facilitating nest predation by crows, ravens and/or larger gulls, we examined this indirect effect by asking three questions: (1) Is the escape response among kittiwakes stronger when white-tailed eagle is present? (2) Is the escape response independent of nest location or are the nests in the periphery of the study plot more frequently abandoned (testing the diluting hypothesis – safety in numbers)? (3) Is there a negative relationship between disturbance and egg survival? The data used to answer these questions, were collected by Reconyx Hyper Fire time-laps cameras deployed in two test plots (plot A and B), where plot A was located in a non-disturbed sheltered area of the cliff and plot B was installed next to a tourist trail. In each plot a sample set of n=30 active kittiwake nests was made. Number of eggs were counted, in addition to number of white tailed eagles in the area. The number of tourists were provided by the local business of birdwatching tourism with a total number of 220 tourists visiting the study area in May and June. By fitting generalised linear mixed-effect models the results showed that the escape response was stronger when white-tailed eagle was present, with a much stronger response in plot B. Moreover, it was likely a diluting effect in plot B, as the nests in the periphery were more frequently abandoned, and the distance between abandoned nests were much smaller than in plot A. Nevertheless, a trend found in the data indicates that high frequency of escape response may have a risk effect of limiting egg survival, thus affecting the breeding success of black-legged kittiwake. Lastly, we discuss potential factors causing the differences found in escape response between and within the study plots and the application of time-laps cameras as a non-intrusive tool in long-term monitoring of interactions between kittiwakes, white-tailed eagles, nest predators and tourists in a seabird colony.
- Published
- 2021
33. Differences in chick feeding frequency between parental sex and morph combination in the Common guillemot Uria aalge
- Author
-
Holmøy, Marthe Johansen, Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, and Erikstad, Kjell Einar
- Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 ,animal structures ,genetic structures ,BIO-3950 - Abstract
The Common guillemot (Uria aalge) is a monomorphic seabird who exhibits two colour morphs: a bridled and an unbridled. The aim of this study was to investigate which effect parental sex and morph had on the daily chick feeding frequency and during the chick-rearing period. To assess this, two fixed time-lapse cameras were used to document the chick feeding frequency for 27 Common guillemot families for 24 hours over a period of four weeks. The families were divided into two morph combination categories: mixed morph (n = 11) and same morph (n = 16). The results showed evidence of a diurnal chick feeding frequency among females and a nocturnal chick feeding among males. We also reported a strong trend of increased male contribution in chick feeding frequency after chicks turned 19 days old. There was no evidence for any daily differences in feeding frequency between the two morph combinations. However, there was statistical support for a higher feeding frequency among mixed morph pairs after the chicks turned 10 days of age. Our findings may indicate that there are some underlying mechanisms behind parental investment through chick provisioning for both parental sex and morph combination. In addition, future studies should include additional variables (e.g. parental stress-level, adult and chick diet, metrological data) in order to distinguish any possible underlying mechanisms. We suggest time-lapse cameras with short intervals to be a good method for long-term observational studies in a non-invasive way and it might be a good tool to highlight critical associations between the ongoing climate change, change in food resources, management and future breeding success of this species. Keywords: chick feeding frequency, colour dimorphism, common guillemot, Hornøya, parental investment, seabirds, time-lapse camera, Uria aalge.
- Published
- 2019
34. Hvordan forstå turisters uønskede og ulovlige atferd i et naturreservat : et kvalitativt studium av fuglekikkere på Hornøya i Nord-Norge
- Author
-
Jørgensen, Frida Marie Omma, Aas, Øystein, Stensland, Stian, and Reiertsen, Tone Kristin
- Subjects
Depreciative tourist behaviour ,Sjøfugler ,Samfunnsvitenskap: 200 [VDP] ,Menneske-dyr relasjon ,Nature management ,Uønsket atferd ,Hornøya ,Viltturisme ,Birdwatching ,Wildlife Tourism ,Human-animal relations ,Fuglekikking ,Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 [VDP] ,Naturforvaltning - Abstract
Wildlife watching tourism is a growing industry and can become eco-friendly if sufficient conservation measures are actively included in the operative tourism strategies. Research on visitor behaviour is necessary to evaluate and understand peoples’ behaviour towards wildlife. The focus of this case-study is birdwatching tourism in a protected nature reserve in Northern Norway. Qualitative methods have been used with The Theory of Planned Behaviour as a framework. The aim of the study is to understand visitor behaviour that may disturb the seabird on the island of Hornøya. The research is based on 48 interviews with 61 participants, in addition to participatory and systematic observations of tourists at the island. Interpretation of bird behaviour and the affective responses to the wildlife experience are identified as factors that influence unwanted visitor behaviour. Informants’ understandings of disturbance towards the seabirds are reflected in negative perceptions of inappropriate behaviour. However, most participants believe that the birds are not disturbed by tourists, or at least not easily disturbed. However, some variation exists, and some informants think that the birds are negatively affected to some extent. The social norms support that visitors express a responsibility for respecting the rules of the nature reserve. The findings also suggest that visitors performing intentional non-conforming behaviour have not internalised the social norm, it has not become a personal norm. The willingness among visitors for social sanctioning towards depreciative behaviour was relatively low, suggesting that stricter formal regulations may be more effective measures for reduced depreciative behaviour. The study also identifies persuasive communication through interpretive information as a management approach with potential of reducing inappropriate behaviour. Further, alternative tourism experiences of seabirds can lessen the pressure on birdlife on Hornøya, as well as creating new business opportunities. Viltturisme er en voksende industri og kan være natur- og miljøvennlig hvis kunnskapsbasert, effektiv naturforvaltning ligger til grunn for besøksstrategiene. For å vurdere hvilke effekter turisme har på dyrelivet og hvordan vi kan forebygge negative effekter, er det nødvendig å forstå mer av menneskelig atferd som kan forstyrre dyr. Studien tar for seg fugleturisme i naturreservatet Hornøya i Varanger, Nord-Norge. Metoden består av kvalitative intervju og observasjoner, med utgangspunkt i det teoretiske rammeverket Theory of Planned Behaviour. Målet med studien er å forsøke å forstå uønsket atferd hos turister på Hornøya. Forskningen er basert på 48 intervju, derav 61 deltakere, samt deltakende og skjult observasjon. To av funnene identifisert som påvirkninger på menneskelig uønsket atferd, er de besøkendes tolkninger av fugleatferd, og det emosjonelle aspektet ved opplevelsen av fuglefjellet. Informantenes holdninger til forstyrrelse av fugl er negative. Allikevel synes mange deltakere at fuglene ikke virker å være forstyrret av turistene, men blitt vant til mennesker. På den andre siden mener noen informanter at fuglene blir negativt påvirket til en viss grad. De sosiale normene innebærer å respektere reglene for naturreservatet. Det kan antas at besøkende som bevisst overskrider reglene, ikke har omgjort de samme moralske forpliktelsene til en personlig norm. Videre var motivasjonen for gjennomføring av sosiale sanksjoner (ved for eksempel å irettesette de som oppfører seg upassende) relativt lav. Dermed foreslås økt regulering av forvaltningen som effektive tiltak for kontroll av uønsket atferd hos turister. Et annet tiltak er å forbedre kommunikasjonen av formelle regler og hva som er rett opptreden gjennom interpretasjon, herunder å formidle kunnskap om fugleliv og konsekvenser av menneskelig ferdsel. Et annet avbøtende tiltak er tilpasninger av reiselivsprodukter for å minimere stress på sjøfuglene, f.eks. et besøkssenter i Vardø med direkte video av fuglefjellet, som også kan styrke det lokale næringslivet. BIOTOUR, Fylkesmannen i Finnmark M-REIS
- Published
- 2019
35. Strategies for timing of nest departure in the common guillemot Uria aalge
- Author
-
Johansen, Malin Kjellstadli, Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, and Yoccoz, Nigel
- Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 ,animal structures ,BIO-3950 - Abstract
Duration of parental care in avian species varies widely, from altricial to precocial species. The seabird family Alcidae is unique among birds in the variation of mass and age at nest departure. The common guillemot Uria aalge exhibits an intermediate nest departure, where chicks leave the nest flightless and only at a quarter of adult body size. The aim of this study was to examine factors controlling the age, weight and wing-length of the juveniles at nest departure. To assess this I followed common guillemot families including both parents and chick, from hatching to post-departure. The results showed that females in better body condition had older chicks at departure, than females in lower body condition. Both paternal and maternal stress-levels and their body condition had a significant influence on the weight and wing-length of the chicks at departure. Indications of strong synchronized departure events during the evening hours were found, where 30 juveniles, followed in the present study, departed the colony during five evenings. The synchronized departure events were highly weather dependent – strong winds were not favoured. I did not find strong support for that parental body condition or short-term changes in food availability during the chick-rearing period had any impact on the juveniles’ age at departure. The findings indicate that only the maternal body condition affects the juvenile age at departure. Whether the maternal condition alone controls the timing of nest departure, or if it is controlled by high energy gain at sea and increased food availability, remains unknown.
- Published
- 2017
36. Temperature synchronizes temporal variation in laying dates across European hole-nesting passerines.
- Author
-
Vriend SJG, Grøtan V, Gamelon M, Adriaensen F, Ahola MP, Álvarez E, Bailey LD, Barba E, Bouvier JC, Burgess MD, Bushuev A, Camacho C, Canal D, Charmantier A, Cole EF, Cusimano C, Doligez BF, Drobniak SM, Dubiec A, Eens M, Eeva T, Erikstad KE, Ferns PN, Goodenough AE, Hartley IR, Hinsley SA, Ivankina E, Juškaitis R, Kempenaers B, Kerimov AB, Kålås JA, Lavigne C, Leivits A, Mainwaring MC, Martínez-Padilla J, Matthysen E, van Oers K, Orell M, Pinxten R, Reiertsen TK, Rytkönen S, Senar JC, Sheldon BC, Sorace A, Török J, Vatka E, Visser ME, and Saether BE
- Subjects
- Animals, Temperature, Seasons, Reproduction, Passeriformes, Songbirds
- Abstract
Identifying the environmental drivers of variation in fitness-related traits is a central objective in ecology and evolutionary biology. Temporal fluctuations of these environmental drivers are often synchronized at large spatial scales. Yet, whether synchronous environmental conditions can generate spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values (i.e., correlated temporal trait fluctuations across populations) is poorly understood. Using data from long-term monitored populations of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus, n = 31), great tits (Parus major, n = 35), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca, n = 20) across Europe, we assessed the influence of two local climatic variables (mean temperature and mean precipitation in February-May) on spatial synchrony in three fitness-related traits: laying date, clutch size, and fledgling number. We found a high degree of spatial synchrony in laying date but a lower degree in clutch size and fledgling number for each species. Temperature strongly influenced spatial synchrony in laying date for resident blue tits and great tits but not for migratory pied flycatchers. This is a relevant finding in the context of environmental impacts on populations because spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values among populations may influence fluctuations in vital rates or population abundances. If environmentally induced spatial synchrony in fitness-related traits increases the spatial synchrony in vital rates or population abundances, this will ultimately increase the risk of extinction for populations and species. Assessing how environmental conditions influence spatiotemporal variation in trait values improves our mechanistic understanding of environmental impacts on populations., (© 2022 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.